
FS& 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 

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©f|H}t ©qti|rm&t 1 ^ 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 




THE SECRETS OF HEALTH 



OR 



How Not to Be Sick 



AND 



How to Get Well from Sickness 



g^.8 



S^H. PLATT, A. M., M. D. b / 

Late Member of The Connecticut Eclectic Medical Society, The National Eclectic 

Medical Association, and Honorary member of The National Bacteriological 

Society of America; Medical Editor of The New England 

Homestead^ Farm wad Home, etc* 



NEW YORK! 

ORANGE JUDD COMPANY 
1895 






COPYRIGHT, 1894, 
By ORANGE JUDD COMPANY 



PREFACE 



A new book with no good purpose is an impertinence. A 
new book with a good purpose, but with only thread-bare 
modes of expression, has no place. A new book with a right 
purpose and somewhat unfamiliar thoughts, is always a need 
of the times. 

This book comes burdened with three themes, all more or 
less common, yet two of the three so unlike anything here- 
tofore published for the people that if the purpose to enlighten 
them upon these subjects be right, the need for it is beyond 
question. 

Diet, Hygiene, and Home Prevention and Treatment of 
Disease ! The spirit of invention and discovery has put so 
much into our modern life, and crowds men so rapidly through 
life, that these are the only safeguards against wreckage by 
overloading, or collapse in mid-ocean by over-pressure upon the 
boilers. 

Hygiene is in a general way somewhat understood, but of 
diet, lest the assertion might be deemed unduly disparaging, 
let Sir William Eoberts, among the foremost of the medical 
profession of Europe, be our spokesman. In his words, "Our 
notions on dietetics are little better than a farrago of whims 
and fancies." And let Dr. William H. Porter, of like author- 
ity in America, repeat his humiliating confession : "The vast 
majority of medical men have no definite knowledge with which 
to answer the simple, practical question of their first patient, 
'Doctor, what shall I eat?'" Yet R. H. Crittenden, Ph. D., 
of Yale University, declares, "We need as definite knowledge 
of the properties of the foods we employ as of the medical 
virtues of the drugs we make use of." 

3 



IT PREFACE, 

This book seeks to supply that need ; not for the physician 
alone, but so clearly and definitely that any intelligent person 
can by its aid prepare a scientific dietary for all the varied cir- 
cumstances of healthful life. 

This book likewise seeks to prevent the avoidable diseases 
that afflict mankind, and so to treat the unavoidable by simple, 
natural methods rather than by drugs, that they shall be shorn 
of much of their power, and recoveries be to health instead of 
lifelong invalidism, or to a mere exchange of diseases. 

The author has gleaned from all schools of healing, and 
for the convenience of those who might not be able to procure 
the preferable treatment, has added others under the different 
diseases. The list of authorities consulted (see page 554) is a 
general acknowledgment of indebtedness, to avoid filling space 
with special citations. 

The objection may be anticipated that "So many of the 
words employed are so unusual that the people cannot under- 
stand them.'* But the Glossary fully provides for that; and 
the author is unwilling to believe that a reading public that 
absorbs such immense editions of colossal dictionaries and 
encyclopaedias, scientific treatises and high-class literary period- 
icals, will turn away disheartened from such an undertaking, 
merely because of the necessary use of some technical terms. 
Besides, its careful reading will be an education in itself of no 
small value to all young people who would be abreast of the 
culture of the age. 

Hippocrates wrote, "It is a divine work to relieve pain." 
If this shall be the general outcome of the book, the writer 
will be profoundly thankful that thus he may in a measure 
fulfil the Higher Master's commission, « Herein is my Father 
glorified that ye bear much fruit," and in this spirit commits it 
to the care of that Providence that guides the sparrow's wing 
as unerringly as the swing of a world in space. 

THE AUTHOR, 

Springfield, Mass., 1895. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 

PART I— How to Live— Hygiene 1-48 

1. The Air and Ventilation— 2. The Sunlight and its Uses in Health 
and Disease— 3. Temperature and Humidity — 4. The Supply and 
Purity of Water— 5. Sewerage and Cesspools — 6. Hints on House- 
building— 7. The Various Kinds of Baths and Their Uses— 8. Cloth- 
ing— 9. Sleep— 10. Rest and Recreation— 11. Exercises for Health 
—12. Injurious Habits and the Harm They do— 13. The Abuse of 
Drugs— 14. Contagion and Infection. 

PART n— Our Living Machine— Its Mechanism and Motions. 49-80 
Motion, Frame-work, Machinery, Covering — Vegetation, Growth, 
Sleep, Rest. Recuperation— Circulation, Blood, Respiration, Oxi- 
dation, Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion— Sensation, 
Feeling, Taste, Smell, Hearing, Sight — Intellection, Perception, 
Emotion, Volition, Origination — Degeneration, Sub-oxidation, 
Sub-nutrition, Ab-secretion, Ab-excretion, Ab-circulation, Mal-gen- 
eration— Generation, Organs, Sex, Functions, Conception, Gesta- 
tion, Maternity, Lactation. 

PART III— The Digestion— Its Organs and Processes 81-92 

Salivary digestion; Gastric Digestion— Pepsin, Hydrochloric Acid; 
Starches, Sugars and Fats, Mineral Salts. Pancreatic Digestion, 
Trypsin; Fats and Grape Sugar Absorbed through the Lacteals, 
etc.— Table of Digestive Ferments— Amount of the Secretions— The 
Process of Digestion Described— Chemistry of Digestion— Nutrition 
—The Process of Elimination, its Products, Daily Quantity, Excit- 
ing Agents, What it Does, Character of its Product Governed by 
its amount, Illustrative Table — Correct Dietary Scientifically 
Ascertained. 

PART IV— Diet— What, How Much and When to Eat 93-152 

Energy Expended— Amount of Oxygen Required— Units of Nutrition— 
The Kinds of Food Required— All Made up of Thirteen Elements- 
Average Composition of Foods— Proportions of Daily Supply- 
Foods as Usually Classified— Our Nomenclature — The Fiber-Foods 
—Fat-foods— Force-foods— Fixed-foods— Oxygen-food— Its Supreme 
Importance— Average Normal Demand per Day— How Far the Peo- 
ple Fail— Two Reforms are Imperative— Subsidiary Foods— Tea- 
Coffee and Cocoa— Effects on Salivary Digestion— Effervescent 
Water, Vinegar, Wine and Brandy— Retardation of Digestion Bene- 
ficial—Mastication and Salivary Digestion— Food Value of Alcohol- 
Extractive Foods— The Amount of Food Materials Needed— Prof. 
Church's Dietary— Table of Food Elements Required in Different 
Circumstances— Similar Table— Conclusions Drawn from the Tables 
—American Waste— The Necessity for Dietaries— How to Make Diet- 
aries—Rules to Work by— Nutrition not Governed by Cost— Wrong 
Feeding and Disease— Working Table for the Construction of Diet- 
aries—Its Availability Illustrated— The Ideal Diet— Table of Defec- 
tive Diets— National Examples of Diet— Condensed Rules for the 
Preparation of Home Dietaries— General Principles of Correct 
Diets— Facts of Importance to Aid Right Eating. 



VI THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page* 

PART V— FOODS AND THEIR PREPARATION 153-262 

1st. Foods in Common Use— Their Nature and Classification— When 
Appropriate and when not Appropriate— Their Adulterations- 
Economical Substitutes for. 2d. Particular foods for Particular 
Needs— Fluids, Mushes, Puddings, Bread, Biscuit— Meats, Fruits 
and Jellies.— How to Prepare these Foods. 3d. Infant Foods: 
Their Preparation and Use. 4th. The Manufactured or Prepared 
Foods— Tabulated for Dietary Use— Their Nutritive Value Shown, 
this being a Practical Key to Their Use in Various Circumstances. 

PART VI— Special Treatments 263-337 

1. The Faith Cure— 2. Mind Cure— 3. Christian Science Cure— 4. 
Hygienic Treatment — 5. Fasting Cure— 6. Abstinence Cure— 7. 
Dietetic Cure— 8. One Meal Cure— 9. The Salisbury Treatment— 10. 
Grape Cure— 11. Fruit Method— 12. The Fruit-and-Bread Cure— 13. 
The Natural Method— 14. The Camp Cure— 15. The Rest Cure— 
16. The Oxygen Treatment— 17. The Movement Cure— 18. The Mas- 
sage Treatment — 19. The Magnetic Treatment — 20. Electrical 
Method— 21. The Hall Treatment— 22. Our Doctor's Colon Flush, 
an Exhaustive but plain Statement of the Simple but Effective 
Treatment by Means of Bowel Injections— 23. The New Method Cure 
—24. The Inhalation Treatment— 25. The Biochemic Cure— 26. The 
Densmore Preliminary Treatment— 27. The Kneipp Cure— 28. The 
Climate Cure, the Objects Sought by it, How They are Accom- 
plished, and where to find the Desired Climate— 29. The Tractor 
Cure— 30. The Earth Cure— 31. Our Doctor's Water Treatment, a 
Comprehensive Discussion of Hydropathy, Who may Employ it, 
When and How. 

PART VII— Care of the Sick 338-352 

1. Hints on Nursing— 2. The Sick Room— 3. Bed and Clothing— 4. 
Water Supply— 5. Giving Medicines— 6. Bed Sores— 7. Food— 8. 
Treatment of Patient— 9. Useful Facts— 10. Medication— 11. Res- 
piration, Pulse and Weight— 12. Landmarks of Diagnosis — 13. 
Questions Concerning Remedies— 14. States and Indications — 15. 
Landmarks for Prescription— 16. Diet as a Remedy— 17. Walking 
as a Remedy. 

PART VIII- PARTICULAR METHODS AND SPECIAL DIETS 353-387 

Fifteen Methods of Treating Various Forms of Disease Without Too 
Much Drug Dosing Fully Described, and Directions Given for the 
Application of these Methods— Numerous Special Diets Prescribed 
for use Under Certain Circumstances. 

PART IX— Diseases and their Treatment 388-545 

All the Principal Diseases and Most Common Ailments Described so 
that They May be Recognized— The Cause Pointed Out— The Best 
Treatment in Each Case Given in Detail, Including Full Directions 
as to Diet, Hygiene, Exercise, Baths and Similar Common Sense 
Methods, as well as Proper Medicines when Physic is needed. 

PART X— Appendix 546-553 

1. Quantities to be Taken by Adults of Remedies Named in the Fore- 
going Pages, where the Amount of Dose was not Prescribed^. 
Special Foods Omitted from their Proper Place but Named in the 
Dietaries— 3. Index of Contents and Glossary of Terms Used. 

List of Authors Consulted., 554-556 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Back-bone, brain and nerves, 

Bath, sitz 

Bed-tray, 

Bowels or colon, . 

Bowels, portion of, 

Body wrap, . 

Body, regions of, 

Brain and nerves, 

Brain, apoplectic clot in, 

Breast support, 

Breathing tubes, 

Bronchial tube, 

Chair pelvic treatment, 

Chest and abdomen, form of, 

Circulation, the, 

Cistern filter, 

Cistern filter shut-off, 

Corner commode, . 

Croup kettle, 

Digestion, organs of, 

Earth closet, 

Ear, .... 

Eye-ball, section of, . 

Feet, .... 

Female form, natural, 

Female form, unnatural, 

Foot vapor, 

Hair and sebaceous glands 

Head vapor, 

Heart, 

Intestine, large, 

Intestine, small, . 

Intestine, small, capillaries of, 

Kidneys and their appendages 

Knee sprinkle, 

Lacteals 

Lacteals and lymphatics 

Lobule of lung* 

Loin sprinkle, . 

Lung, .... 

Lymphatic vessels. and glands 

Medicine dropper, 

Membrane of rabbit, . 

Muscles, 

Muscles, anterior view of, 

Muscles, posterior view of, 

Muscular fibers, 

Nerve tubes and cells, . 

Nerves, cranial, 

Nerves of body, 

Nerves, spinal, . 



Fig. 


Page. 


31 and 32 


77 


43 


328 


55 


341 


36 


280 


39 


283 


44 


329 


57 


345 


26 


72 


60 


403 


61 


412 


63 and 64 


440 


62 


413 


59 


401 


16 


60 


14 


58 


3 


12 


4 


12 


54 


340 


48 


333 


34 


84 


7 


15 


65 and 66 


464-465 


67 


471 


68 


474 


76 


524 


77 


524 


47 


332 


13 


56 


46 


331 


70 and 71 


488 


19 


64 


40 


284 


37 


281 


25 


71 


51 


336 


20 


65 


21 


65 


15 


59 


50 


335 


62 


413 


22 


66 


53 


339 


33 


282 


11 


54 


9 


52 


12 


55 


10 


53 


27 


73 


28 


74 


30 


76 


29 


74 



YU 



Vlll 



THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 



Nightshirt wrap, . 

Pack, three-fourths, . 

Pancreas, ..... 

Pregnancy, position of organs prior to, 

Pregnancy, size of womb at different months 

Reading stand, 

Salivary glands, . 

Salivary glands, structure of, 

Shawl wrap, 

Shoulder sprinkle, 

Skeleton, the, 

Skin, structure of, 

Sling for difficult respiration, 

Soles, . . 

Stomach, 

Teeth, .... 

Trachea, .... 

Uterus and appendages, 

Uterus, anterior displacement, 

Uterus, posterior displacement, 

Uterus, internal prolapse, 

Viscera, .... 

Waist, natural, 

Waist, laced, . . . 

Water tread, 

Well, model, 

Wells polluted by cesspool, 

Window ventilation . 

Womb, positions of, 

Womb, sizes of during pregnancy, 

Wood's idea for ventilating, . 



Fig. 


Page. 


41 


327 


42 


328 


35 


87 


72 


520 


73 


521 


56 


343 


23 


68 


33 


82 


45 


330 


49 


334 


8 


48 


24 


70 


80 


527 


and 69 


474-475 


18 


63 


17 


62 


62 


413 


81 


541 


58 


400 


79 


526 


78 


525 


32 


80 


74 


522 


75 


522 


52 


336 


6 


14 


5 


13 


2 


7 


58 


400 


73 


521 


1 


6 



:pjl:rt i. 



HOW TO LIVE. — HYGIENE. 



1. The Air and Ventilation. 2. The Sunlight and Its Uses in 
Health and Disease. 3. Temperature and Humidity. 
4. The Supply and Purity of Water. 5. Sewerage and 
Cesspools. 6. Hints on House Building. 7. The Various 
Kinds of Baths and their Uses. 8. Clothing. 9. Sleep. 
10. Rest and Recreation. 11. Exercises for Health.' 12. In- 
jurious Habits and the Harm They Do. 13. The Abuse of 
Drugs. 14. Contagion and Infection. 

Since to live we must, he is wisest who learns to live the 
best; that is, in nearest accordance with all the laws of his 
being. Hygiene is only a single department of those laws. It 
is simply the right method of preserving health. Its laws are 
clear, definite, and unchangeable. They have relation to air, 
water, sewerage, exercise, rest, sleep, baths, clothing, habits, 
contagion and infection. 

1. THE AIR. 

The First Requisite of health is pure air, four-fifths 
nitrogen, one-fifth oxygen (the life - sustaining principle), a 
mere trace of ammonia and nitric acid, not more than 1.4 per 
cent, of aqueous vapor and from three and one-half to seven 
parts in 10,000 of carbonic acid (carbon dioxide, the gas of 
charcoal, with which so many Frenchmen suicide). 

1 



2 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

In each respiration about a pint of air is inhaled, which 
gives its oxygen to the blood and takes out in expiration from 
4.6 to 5.2 per cent, (the amount varies), of carbonic acid. This 
expired gas, being more than seventy-one times the largest pro- 
portion admissible in inspiration, would soon surround every 
one with an atmospheric shroud of death were it not for the 
law of diffusion of gases, by which this excess of carbonic acid 
is scattered instantly through a large area of adjacent air. 
Hence, in confined spaces, the air often becomes fearfully 
impure. 

A school room 20x30 and 10 feet high contains 6,000 
cubic feet of air. Fifty children are sometimes confined 
for hours in such a room, which has just air enough to last 
them four minutes. School rooms have been found that con- 
tained from 2 to 4 per cent, of carbon dioxide — which, of 
course, was made from the oxygen of the rooms — thus reduc- 
ing that supply, and rendered doubly deleterious by being 
mixed with the organic effluvia from the lungs and skin of 
many persons in a confined place. It is then known as 4i crowd- 
poison," and is the cause of typhus, jail and ship fevers. 
Public rooms have sometimes been found to contain from 
29 to 72 parts in ten thousand of carbonic acid. 

"Ventilation Required. — In order to show the relation 
of this point to common life, suppose there are four rooms 
each containing four persons and each representing a different 
class of people. 

Room Number One is in the home of a respectable city family, and 
is 16x14 feet and 10 feet high, containing 2,240 cubic feet of air. It is 
warmed by a coal stove and lighted by two six-foot gas jets. The only 
ventilation is by the cracks of windows and doors. Assuming that the 
stove and gas consume all the fresh supply of oxygen through the 
crevices of doors and windows, the people must depend upon the 
original supply in the room for respiration. (Of course the diffusion of 
gases would render this impossible literally, yet for the purpose of the 
illustration it is practically correct.) Another element must now come 
into the calculation. Angus Smith and Hartley affirm that a gas burner 
of six-candle power throws off every hour more than three cubic feet 
of carbonic acid, a man from six to seven-tenths of a foot, an oil lamp 
one-half a foot, and a tallow candle three-tenths of a foot. 



THE AIR. o 

This room contains 132. 100 pints, or breaths, and the people alone 
would render the air irrespirable in fifteen and one-fourth minutes. 
The gas burners alone would render it unfit to breathe in about seven 
minutes. Yet how often does a family remain two hours, or more, in 
just such circumstances ! 

Room Number Two is 12x14x9, containing 1,512 cubic feet of air, or 
90,208 breaths, and is lighted by a one and one-half inch kerosene lamp, 
and warmed by a coal stove. The people alone would spoil the air for 
further respiration in ten minutes, and the lamp alone would do it in 
thirty-five minutes. 

Room Number Three is 12x12x8, containing 1,152 cubic feet, or 67,96S 
breaths, and lighted by a one-inch kerosene lamp. The people alone 
would render the air irrespirable in eight minutes, the lamp alone in 
about forty-one. 

Room Number Four is 10x12x7. having 840 cubic feet, or 49,560 
breaths, lighted by a tallow caudle, and with a four-inch double wick 
kerosene stove (which yields four cubic feet carbonic acid gas per 
hour). The people alone would render this air irrespirable in five and 
one-half minutes; the caudle ulone in forty-eight minutes; the stove 
in about four minutes. 

When the carbonic acid in a room rises from the highest 
permissible health point — namely, to ten parts in ten thousand 
— it begins to smell, and when it reaches one hundred parts in 
ten thousand, it is almost unendurable (Pettenkoffer). This 
is why persons entering such a room as we have described, 
from the free air, are almost suffocated, and the occupants 
would feel it as keenly were it not for the stupefying effect of 
gas upon the mind and its narcotic effect upon the nerves of 
sensation. Is it any wonder that nervous irritability, unre- 
freshing sleep, headache, paleness and lassitude follow such 
sitting-room comforts ? 

Open Fireplace Ventilation — Jenkins affirms that 
" a good ordinary fire"' (open, he evidently means), " will take 
from six thousand to ten thousand cubic feet of air out of a 
room every hour. Hence, the desirability of open fires for 
assured ventilation. The expense objection can be greatly 
modified by having a furnace flue or close stove in another 
part of the room to furnish requisite heat, while the open fire 
is a good investment for cheer and health. Were this the 



4 THE SECEET OE HEALTH. 

general practice, it would very sensibly reduce the sickness 
and the mortality rates of the country. 

An ordinary two- wick four-inch gas stove throws off about 
as much carbonic acid gas as two gas jets. Hence, the neces- 
sity is imperative to provide both special ventilation for the 
escape of this gas from lights and oil stoves, and to supply them 
with fresh air in addition to the requirements of the people. 

Carbonic Oxide, is the gas that puffs from the stove 
before the coal becomes completely ignited, and burns with a 
pale blue flame. It is often found in rooms, attacks the red- 
blood corpuscles and paralyzes them. Dampers in pipes to 
shut off draft tend to generate this gas and diffuse it in the 
rooms, especially from hot-air furnaces. 

Sulphuretted Hydrogen and Sewer-Gas frequently 
impregnate the air, and to the latter is ascribed the production 
of typhoid and scarlet fever, diphtheria, dysentery and cholera. 

It is these noxious ingredients, so often existing in the 
closely-constructed houses of civilized countries, that partly 
account for the physical degeneracy of enlightened peoples, 
as contrasted with the stalwart health of nomadic tribes. 

In France, in those localities that had seven per cent, of 
badly-constructed dwellings, one person out of every seventy- 
two died, while in those that had thirty-eight per cent, of such 
homes, every forty-fifth person died. 

Even Pure Air soon becomes deleterious, if not 
frequently changed. Stagnation becomes foulness, and foul- 
ness breeds disease. Unventilated rooms, and nooks and 
corners not swept by winds, are always pest-breeders. 

The [Necessity for Ventilation. — What is ventil- 
ation? It has been written about for generations, but what is 
it as practically of use in ordinary life? 

London, with eight persons to each house, lost twenty-four 
out of every 1,000 of her population. Vienna, with fifty-five to 
each house, lost forty-seven to every one thousand population. 
These facts indicate a difference in ventilation. 

Of ten thousand cholera patients, living one person in a 
room, sixty-six died. Of teu thousand, living four or more in 



THE AIR. 5 

a room, three hundred and twenty-seven died. A difference 
still in ventilation. 

A healthy adult takes from the air every twenty-four 
hours sixteen cubic feet of oxygen, and gives to the air 
fourteen cubic feet of carbon dioxide, and an indefinite quan- 
tity of organic matter, still more poisonous, from his lungs and 
skin. The combustion of fires and lights adds still more. 
Morin gives these figures as the amount of fresh air required 
per head each hour : 

Ordinary hospitals and workshops 2,362 cubic inches 

Surgical wards and unhealthy shops 3,936 " " 

Primary schools 590 " " 

Higher schools 1,181 " " 

Assembly rooms, theaters, etc 1,771 " " 

The Size of the Ventilating: Orifices and the 

velocity of the air current determine the quantity obtainable. 
Morin advises fourteen square inches of ventilating space for 
each one hundred cubic feet of space in the room. This is 
about 12x16 J inches for a room 11x13x10, and is probably 
about right for average spring and autumn weather in rigor- 
ous climates, but is four to six times too little for summer, and 
is as much too great for winter when the communication is 
directly with the open air. 

Every living room should have an open ventilator propor- 
tioned to its size and the number of its occupants, which 
should connect, preferably, with a thoroughly-ventilated and 
well- warmed hall ; or by a pipe of sufficient caliber to carry all 
that the inlet ventilator admits, leading from the outside to a 
funnel-shaped end covered with wire gauze, or pierced with 
small holes, so as to sprinkle the cold air directly upon the 
stove, or within a casing partly surrounding the stove. 

The exit-ventilator should be in the baseboard of the side 
most distant from the stove, should connect with the chimney, 
and be in size proportioned to the number of occupants. For 
one person, 6x6 inches ; two, 8x8 ; four, 8x12 ; six, 12x12 ; or 
two, each 8x9 ; eight, two, each 8x12 ; twelve, two, each 12x12. 
This will force a constant circulation of pure, warm air all 



6 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



through the room, carrying off the layer of cold air that 
keeps the feet cold while modifying the upper layer of hot air 
that keeps the head hot, and thus induces headaches, colds, 
and disease. 

The Objection that "so much more fuel would be 
necessary, " has no weight, because the heat-producing capacity 




FIG. 1. WOOD'S IDEA FOR VENTILATING, SO AS TO PRESERVE 
AN EQUABLE TEMPERATURE. 

of the occupants would be so largely increased that a much 
lower temperature could be safely maintained, with a corre- 
sponding less liability to shocks from the alternations between 
indoor and outdoor air at the extremes. As it is now, people 



THE AIR. 



rush many times a day from a tropical heat, within, to a mid- 
winter temperature, without, and the reverse, and the mucous 
membrane is unable to stand the strain, and catarrh, fever 
and pneumonia result. 

To Equalize the Temperature, and at the same time 
secure proper ventilation, the plan shown in Fig. 1 is recom- 
mended by Dr. Castle in that admirable work, " Wood's House- 
hold Practice of Medicine." A, are the chambers ; B, halls ; D. 
downward current to furnace ; E, upward current to outer air ; 
F, smoke pipe passing through center of ventilator shaft. 

The Best Available Method of ventilation for con- 
structed buildings is probably that suggested by Dr. Keene : 
Tack a piece of cloth across the lower ten inches of the window 
frame and raise or lower the sash according to the weather ; 
or that of mismatching the window sashes by having a strip 























t 

ft 




! 




gj^r 





FIG. 2. WINDOW VENTILATORS. 

of wood three inches wide fitted under the lower sash, thus 
giving an upward current between the sashes into the room. 
But as outlets are as important as inlets, on another side of the 
room an escape flue should be in open communication. 

The practical end to aim at is to give constantly to every 
person a room ten feet square to eight feet high, with uninter- 



8 THE SECRET OP HEALTH. 

rupted free communication with the outer air. If the room 
be smaller, or more than one person occupy it, the avenue of 
communication must be correspondingly increased. 

In the light of these facts, ventilation, as ordinarily under- 
stood and practiced, is greatly deficient. In the War of the 
Rebellion tent hospitals gave much better results than the 
best of hospital buildings, because the ventilation was so 
much greater. 

Every room should have a window on two sides reaching 
nearly from floor to ceiling. 

2. SUNLIGHT. 

Sunlight is closely connected, as a health agent, witk 
ventilation. 

A House should never be so shaded that the sun cannot 
shine upon every part of it. New Orleans, in an epidemic of 
yellow fever, had six times as many cases on the shady as on 
the sunny side of the same streets. Buffalo, in the cholera of 
1849, had a similar expreience. Many other facts are recorded 
in medical literature showing that these are not isolated inci- 
dents, but illustrations of a law of nature. 

"Where light is not permitted to enter, the physician will 
have to go," says the Italian proverb, and it is equally appli- 
cable to the direct sun-rays upon the dwelling. 

Shade is very desirable for comfort in hot weather, but the 
trees should stand far enough from the house to prevent the 
dampness that always accumulates in a shaded house. 

Streets should be twice as wide as the height of the 
houses bordering them. 

Sun Baths. — The nervous system of man is organized 
to respond to the vitalizing influence of the sunbeam, like a 
fruitful soil. Therefore, the skin should be freely exposed to 
the direct rays of the sun. When, by reason of occupation or 
fashion, this does not occur, a sun bath should be taken from 
one to three times a week, when the whole person is exposed 
naked for fifteen to thirty minutes. An invalid can lie upon 



TEMPERATURE AXD HUMIDITY. £ 

the carpet, or mattress, and turn from side to side. Should 
there be rush of blood to the head, it should be shielded. 

As a nerve tonic, few things are better than a sun bath. A 
man of eminence, finding his nerves giving way, fenced in a 
portion of his garden with boards twelve feet high and well 
jointed. Then he locked himself within every sunny day, and 
stripping naked worked from thirty to sixty minutes, and by 
the time his crop had ripened, his nerves were sound. 

The Growth Period of childhood and youth especially 
needs the vitalizing power of the sun's actinic ray. It is that 
ray (not the light, or heat ray) that the photographer employs 
in his art, and that ripens the seeds and fruits of the summer 
and autumn. The potato vine that sprouts in the cellar 
grows, but never matures unless removed to the open air. So 
children may grow, but the vigor and maturing power of 
normal youth can never be theirs unless they, too, find the 
open, — bask in its sunshine, drink in its inspiring oxygen, and 
by instinctive activity gambol every muscle into vigorous 
development. 

3. TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY. 

Air Feels Damp, not by the moisture that it actually 
contains, but by what its temperature fits it to contain. 

The same air that feels very damp outside at 82° will feel 
uncomfortably dry in a room at 72°, because at that temper- 
ature it can hold 8.54 grains of vapor per cubic foot, while at 
32° its cajjacity is only 2.13 grains. Hence, as air is heated, it 
should be fed with moisture. 

No heating arrangement should ever be heated red hot if 
the air that comes in contact with the red surfaces is to be 
breathed, because it is thereby greatly vitiated. Furnaces are 
usually heated to 400° or 500°, while air that is to be breathed 
should not touch a surface heated beyond 150°. 

The Best Way to Warm is to circulate pure warm 
air, instead of keeping the air stagnant and trusting to radiate^ 
heat. 



10 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Temperature and "relative humidity" are closely 
related. Call the air saturated with moisture 100 ; it may 
have lost all the way down to 12°. That loss is relative 
humidity, which sinks as temperature rises. From 67 to 69 
humidity is best for comfort and health. 

The proper sitting-room temperature is 70°. Should you 
feel chilly in this temperature, do not increase it, but by 
exercise raise the heat of your physiological furnace within. 

The heating appliances of the day are paralyzing the heat- 
making functions of our bodies; hence, the colds, etc., from 
which we suffer so frequently, and which would be largely 
prevented by the adoption of the open fireplace, and of the 
heating arrangement as recommended on Page 3. 

Radiated heat diminishes in proportion to the square of 
the distance, so that the child on the floor ten feet from the 
open fire receives one hundred times less heat than the cat 
lying one foot from it ; hence, the necessity, for the heating 
stove, or furnace, also. 

Cooling" can be accomplished on a small scale where one 
has a well into which a pail may be lowered, but it is far 
better, and the expense is so slight, if one cannot afford an ice 
Iiouse, to have an ice mound, which costs only a little straw 
and the labor. Simply raise a platform of earth above the 
level of the surrounding soil and slope it slightly from the 
center down to the edges. A layer of sticks and then of straw, 
or sawdust, ice closely packed on that, covered with straw, or 
sawdust, more sticks, then bank over with earth and sow with 
grass seed, or cover with hay, or straw, and you have a 
reservoir of cooling blessing for all the hot summer. 

Digging into a hillside saves some of the labor, but care 
must be exercised to provide for drainage. More elaborate 
ice houses with cold storage attachments are within the means 
of most farmers. 

4. WATER. 

A Wonderful Blessing*. The uses of water as a health 
preserver and restorer, are not known by one person in a 



WATER. 11 

liundred. If this book teaches the masses to enjoy the count- 
less blessings of the proper and manifold uses of water, and to 
avoid abusing this great agent, it will confer untold benefits 
upon mankind. Intelligently used, but not abused, water 
will render many a family comparatively independent of 
doctor or druggist, saving much money, pain, sickness and 
sorrow. 

Tlie Purity of Water is of the utmost importance. 
To test it take two clean four-ounce bottles of water, one from 
the well, the other perfectly clean rain water. Drop in each a 
piece of alum as large as a kernel of corn, and let them stand 
over night. The sediment in the morning will show the 
degree of impurity. 

Exeter. England , in 1832, had one thousand deaths from cholera, 
hut when it reappeared in 1849 there were but forty-four cases. The 
water supply had been changed in the interval. 

In London's cholera season of 1848-9, two companies supplied the 
water. Of those who drank the Lambeth water 125 in each 10,000 
of the population died. Of those who drank the South wark, 118 in each 
10,000 died, the loss being nearly equal. The Lambeth company then 
changed and drew their supply from a point, higher up the river, 
where the water was much more pure. In 1854, the South wark deaths 
were 130, and the Lambeth thirty-seven. 

In Milbrank prison, England, the prisoners drank the Thames 
water, with frequent epidemics of fever and dysentery. The water 
was filtered, but no relief. An artesian well was sunk, and at once the 
diseases disappeared. 

One grain per gallon is all the organic matter that first- 
class drinking water can contain; yet some has ten grains 
without detriment to health, but it must be purely of vegetable 
origin. 

From five to twenty grains of mineral salts are deemed 
necessary, while thirty -five grains should never be exceeded, 
and animal matter must be entirely excluded. 

The Average Need for Water is half an ounce 
daily for every pound of weight. And the average used for 
all purposes is from fifteen to thirty gallons a day, while the 
minimum supply is one gallon a day on board of war vessels. 



12 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Water is Hard when it has an excess of carbonate of 
lime, or of calcium sulphate. The latter is not removable. 
To correct the former, boil it, or add washing soda, or 
quicklime. 

Soft Water is preferable for domestic purposes, but care 
should be exercised not to allow contact with lead or with 
copper when hot, for rain or soft well water will absorb 
enough of the metal to poison it. 

]Lead Pipes. — Only one-tenth of a grain of lead in a 
gallon of water will injure some people. However, if lead 
pipes must be used, it is said that one pound of sulphide "of 






\-~lF£E0 PIPE. 






/> 



FIG. 



^Crsjjr\& y 



CISTERN FILTER. 



fa 

Use*»/ c^--\PfPJ 




FIG. 4. SHUT-OFF FOR 
FEED PIPE. 



potassium in two gallons of water kept in the pipe until the 
inside is thoroughly blackened, will aid in rendering it 
harmless. 

Filters. — If the purity of the water be doubtful, it should 
be filtered by running it through charcoal and sand, and 
the filter should be cleansed frequently, else it will increase 
the difficulty. If this is inconvenient, boil the water. 

Dr. Parker suggests a good home filter : A common earthen 
flowerpot with a bit of zinc gauze, or clean flannel, over the 
whole, three inches of coarse gravel, three of white fine sand 
well washed, four of charcoal (animal preferred), and on the 
top a well-cleansed sponge, to be thoroughly cleansed once a 
week. 



WATER. 



13 



To purify water that is not well filtered, dissolve a lump 
of alum as large as a small butternut, in a quart, and stir 
slowly into a barrel of water. 

Cisterns, properly constructed and cared for, are the 
preferable source in populous districts. A house 40x20 feet, 
with an annual rainfall of forty- two to forty-five inches, will 
give ^ixty gallons a day throughout the year. The rainfall of 
the United States, except the mountain region south of 
Colorado, averages from forty-five to sixty-five inches. Ninety 
thousand cubic miles of water constantly float in the air to 
supply the rainfall. 

Cisterns should be cleansed every three to four months, 
and should be built with a shut-off to turn aside the first wash- 




FIG. 5. WELL POLLUTED FROM A CESSPOOL. 

ings of the roofs, as they contain dust, excreta of birds, and 
microbes of disease. Cisterns should always have a brick 
partition, as a filter, laid in cement, but not covered with it, 
separating the body of the water from the service pipes, as 
shown in Fig. 3. Of course, the usual automatic shut-off to 
prevent over-flow of the cistern should be provided, on the 
principle illustrated in Fig. 4. Families occupying rented 
houses without cisterns, can secure a good supply of clean 



14 



TTTE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



water by hanging up a clean sheet or canvas by its four cor- 
ners, putting a clean stone in the middle and placing under 
the stone a vessel to catch the water as it filters through. 

Wells constitute the main source of water supply for 
country and village people. But the well is often substantially 
but a drain-pipe for the soil. A drain-pipe under the soil four 
feet will drain a strip of surface ten feet wide over its whole 
length on level ground. But if there be an incline, it will 
drain to an indefinite extent on the upper side. Hence, wells 
should never be within sixty feet of any collection of obnox- 
ious (particularly animal) matter, such as privies, pig styes. 
barnyards, cesspools, etc., and if the incline is directly towarcl 
the well, at least 200 feet should intervene. 

Cut 5 illustrates how wells are often fouled by drainage*. 
The water was unpleasant, and though the walls were relaicl 
in cement, there was no improvement. The cesspool was on 
the opposite side of the house, fifty feet away, but the rock 
dipped toward the well. Then the cesspool was removed and 
the well was cured . 

The Supply of shallow wells is the underlying stratum 
of water beneath the soil, known as ground water, from the 
soaking down of rain and surface water and the filtering in. 
from adjacent localities in a per- 
colating flow toward a natural re- 
ceptacle, such as a river, lake, or 
sea. Of course the purity of this 
supply is dependent upon the 
character of the soil, the amount 
and kind of surface waste, etc. 

Deep Wells may reach a 
geological stratum which contains 
a flow from mountain heights, 
and of remarkable purity. 

Open Wells soon accumulate decaying vegetable mat- 
ter, and living and dead reptiles, until the bottom becomes an 
oozy slime, sickening alike to sight and smell if but slightly- 



ZOh 




FIG. 6. A MODEL WELL. 



SEWERAGE. 



15 



stirred, and contaminating all, though the water above it 
may be of crystal clearness. 

The Model Well is to make the excavation and wall it 
up in the usual manner a few feet, arch it over with a service 
pipe in position, and cover the arch with several layers of 
stone, each of a smaller size than those below, to prevent the 
earth working through, and fill in above and pack down. 
Such a well is recommended by Wood and is illustrated in Fig. 6. 

If a well, or vault, is to be entered, first lower in a 
cat, or small dog. If it dies, then purify the air by thro wing- 
in heated stones, hot iron, or pails of hot water to cause the 
vapor to ascend. 

Driven Wells. — The best source of supply is a driven 
well, provided it reaches a stratum of uncontaminated water. 



7. SEWERAGE. 

Should be Perfect, not allowing leakage to soak into 
the soil near the house. Should be separated by water traps 
from every avenue of access to the 
house. Sewers should be flushed often, 
and should be disinfected with chemi- 
cals in all contagious diseases. Water 
closets should be in an annex entirely 
separated from all living and sleeping 
rooms. 

The Earth Closet.— Where no 
system of sewers exists, as in country 
places, the privy vault should be abol- 
ished and good earth closets substituted, 
for these reasons : 

1. The stench is a nuisance to 
those obliged to occupy them. 

2. They constantly menace the 
fig. 7. earth closet, health of the family because sure to 
contaminate the ground water for a considerable distance 
around. 




16 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

3. They are so uncomfortable because of odor, or temper- 
ature, or exposure, that habits of constipation are formed by 
hasty and imperfect evacuations. 

4. A valuable fertilizer is needlessly lost. 

All these objections are completely obviated by the dry 
earth closets, one form of which is given in Cut 7, as used in 
England ; the sloping bottom is easy to clean. Better, still, is 
the Rochdale pail closet, the pail being half a kerosene barrel, 
which is removed weekly and disinfected ; the week's contents 
weigh forty to fifty pounds. The construction of a pail closet 
is similar to any other, the pail taking the place of a vault. 

An Outdoor Privy, if used, should never be built 
with a vault, but always with a sliding box to receive the 
deposits and be emptied frequently. By this arrangement the 
privy may be so near the house as greatly to lessen the risk to 
delicate persons in reaching or using it. Construct it to avoid 
the four great objections to privies mentioned above and on the 
preceding page. The conditions of most privies in the country 
is a disgrace to civilization and a constant menace to the 
health of the people. 

Absorbents in an earth closet, or privy, will keep the 
deposit dry and odorless, provided, of course, that no slops, or 
other liquids, are poured upon it. Dry soil from the garden, 
or field, is the best absorbent. Sifted coal ashes is good. 
Ground gypsuai, or what the farmers call land plaster 
(sulphate of lime), is a very valuable absorbent, and also adds 
to the value of the manure. Absorbed in this way, the night 
soil is comparatively unobjectionable for use like other 
manures, and when broadcasted and plowed, or spaded, under 
the soil, produces large crops. 

Never use wood ashes, quicklime, slaked lime, or Mason's 
lime, for this purpose. They do not absorb, but instead rot 
the mass and set free the* odor which land has little power to 
absorb. 

The Cesspool should be lined with a cement of asphalt 
and sand, should be ventilated, and if within one hundred feet 



HINTS OX HOUSE BUILDING. 17 

of the house, the ventilating pipe should be not less than 
thirty feet high. Traps (to prevent the foul gases reaching 
the house through the pipes) of the best construction should 
protect every place of access to the house. On this subject 
see Parke's Practical Hygiene. It should be remembered that 
the deadly sewer gas cannot be detected by smell. Probably 
the water-seal, if properly constructed, is the best trap in 
general use. Even the drying of the wet napkins of the baby 
by the fire, or in the sun in a room, without previous washing, 
is extremely deleterious. 

The Sink Spout, in many a farmhouse, is a source of 
death. If troughs can be arranged to carry the sink-slops off 
on to the grass, or garden, it is the best plan. The free use of 
absorbents and frequent cleaning out of a cemented basin into 
which the pipe empties in lieu of a cesspool, is the least that 
should be done. 

6. HINTS ON HOUSE BUILDING. 

That Xew House should be so carefully planned that 
no change will be made in construction. It should be con- 
tracted so definitely that no room should be left for mis- 
understanding in any detail. Set upon good, solid ground, or, 
if on "filled in," or "made" ground, not less than three years 
after the filling in, as it takes that time for the deleterious 
gases to escape; so sheltered that it shall not be exposed to 
special drafts of air like the entrance to a ravine, yet so 
exposed that ordinary winds shall sweep all over it ; not itself 
shaded, yet with yard so protected and grassed as to cool the 
ground ; with firm foundation resting upon concrete. 

The Cellar.— If the soil is damp, the cellar walls should 
be over an outer wall and air space, and drain to protect from 
dampness. The cellar floor may be of six inches of concrete 
covered with cement, the cellar walls, inside, from the found- 
ation to one foot above the cellar floor lined with asphalt, 
brick, or cement, and the drain pipe never connected with the 
cesspool, or sewer pipes. The cellar should be well lighted 
2 



18 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

with windows on at least three sides, to permit of perfect 
ventilation. Whitewash once a year, at least. A damp, or 
foul, or close cellar is a disease breeder. Fruits, vegetables, 
etc., stored in it, should be frequently inspected, and all rotten 
stuff removed. Any water or gas pipes should run overhead, 
not under the cellar floor. 

House Warming'.*— If heated by steam, the system of 
air flues heated from steam pipes is best. If heated from a 
furnace, the air should come direct from outdoors to the 
furnace, never from the cellar. Some modern houses are so 
constructed that the warm air from the furnace permeates the 
space between floors and ceilings, and is let into the rooms by 
registers. A water tank should be inserted in the hot-air 
chamber of the furnace, so that its escaping moisture will 
permeate the hot air. If stoves, or steam radiators are used 
for heating, an open vessel of water should be kept on each, 
as its evaporation adds to the supply of oxygen in the air of 
the room, besides avoiding that dry heat so trying to the 
mucous membranes. 

The Rooms should not be less than ten feet high, and 
large enough to give 9,246 gallons of air to each adult occu- 
pant, and 6,600 for each child under ten years, per hour. If 
there be two of each, 31,692 gallons, or 253,536 breaths, will be 
needed, for they will breathe 4,320 times an hour, and every 
exhalation will spoil 120 other breaths besides itself, thus 
requiring every hour 518,400 breaths of air to provide for 
themselves and the waste by excess of carbonic acid. See 
44 Air," and "Ventilation." 

As twenty-five per cent, of heat is usually lost by con- 
densation on the window glass, all rooms with large windows 
should be supplied with double glazing, or double sashes. 

If possible, every room should have the direct rays of the 
sun during some portion of the day. 

The walls should be hard-finished, or painted,— never 
papered, as paper is a favorite camping ground of disease 
germs. Paper is no longer fashionable. 



BATHS. V.) 

The Floors should be hard wood, waxed, or scoured, and 
with rugs that can be easily aired, where necessary for com- 
fort. Carpets are physiological abominations, holding disease 
germs by myriads and yielding them with a seemingly infernal 
maliciousness on any sweeping. 

An Annex, with reservoir at the top, where there is no 
pressure supply, set wash bowls, water closets and bath room 
to suit, a separate ventilating flue from bottom to top, and 
connected only by a single door with the hall of each story, 
should not be omitted upon any ordinary consideration of 
expense. 

As a -'farmer's boy," the author believes that these ideas 
can, and should, be carried out in an adapted way even in the 
construction of farmhouses, and that they would be found a 
good investment, with rich returns of health. 

Beds should consist of cotton or linen sheets, woolen 
blankets (the feeble can use blankets for sheets), mattress and 
pillows of straw, huik. or hair. The bed should be aired daily 
all day, and sunned three times a week in health, and every 
day in sickness, if practicable. 

Every bedroom should have a little closet for a charnber- 
vessel with a separate ventilating flue ; a little recess, with a 
piece of baseboard hinged for a door, is sufficient. 

7. BATHS. 

The Principal Objects of Bathing are cleanliness, 
some change in the functions of the skin, some change in the 
determination of the blood, change in the temperature of the 
body, or part, and change of functional activity. Baths are 
named from the degree of temperature employed : — Cold, 33" 
to 55°; cool, 55° to 65°; lukewarm, 65° to 70°; tepid, 70° to 85 c : 
warm, 85° to 95°; hot, 95° to 100°. 

Cold Baths, suddenly and powerfully contract the 
capillaries of the surface and force the blood inward, thus 
stimulating the heart and large arteries to a vigorous effort to 
drive it back, which, if successful, is the reaction which glows 



20 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

and invigorates. But, if the vital organs be weak, and the 
capillaries sluggish, congestions, dangerous to health, and 
even to life, are apt to result. Cold baths should be taken in 
a very few minutes. 

Cold whole baths remove solids from the system by increas- 
ing respiration. 

Cold local baths, that is, applied to one part only, in reac- 
tion draw the blood to the part in order to replace the heat 
lost in the bath. Taylor says that a sitting bath, the water of 
which has been raised two degrees, has caused the absorption 
by the blood of the oxygen of four or five cubic feet of air, 
' ' enough to raise a half pint of water from the freezing to the 
boiling point, and eliminated from the system more than a 
half ounce of its solid material." 

Sea Bathing' is the most stimulative form of cold bath- 
ing, the invigorating effects of the simple cold bath being 
heightened by the saline constituents of the water, and the 
revulsive effect of the waves against the skin ; aided, also, by 
the bracing air of the shore, temporary change in food and 
habits, etc. A good substitute for a sea bath is the following 
mixture of salts dissolved in about thirty-eight gallons of 
water for one bath : Ten pounds of chloride of sodium (com- 
mon salt), five pounds of sulphate of sodium (Glauber's salt), 
seven and one-half pounds of chloride of magnesia, and two 
and one-half pounds of chloride of calcium. 
Summer Surf Temperatures. 

Nantucket 75° to 76° 

Cape May .70° to 80° 

Norfolk, Va 81° to 82° 

Charleston, S. C 86° to 87° 

Florida coast 87° to 88^ 

Cool Batlis, in a person of ordinary health, slightly 
relax the skin, impart vigor, soothe the extremities of the 
nerves, and abate internal blood pressure. But in prostrate 
conditions, the effects are the same as from cold baths. 

Tepid Baths are mild yet efficient relaxants to the 
skin and extremities of the nerves, relieving internal engorge- 



BATHS. 21 

nients and soothing the entire system. Yet they are not suit- 
able to strong, local, or general congestion, flaccidity of struc- 
tures, cool surface, colliquative perspiration, threatening gan- 
grene, or chronic weakness of vital energy (Cook). They 
should take ten to fifteen minutes only. 

Warm Baths are stimulating and relaxing to the sur- 
face, and soothing to nervous excitability. If continued long, 
they excite perspiration, and may cause oppression, languor, 
and giddiness, because the internal process of heat production 
is retarded, elimination of solids is checked, and respiration 
diminished. Time, thirty to sixty minutes. 

Hot Baths, rarely over 100°, strongly arouse the capil- 
lary circulation, by the effort of the body to return the surplus 
heat given to it, relieve local rheumatism and neuralgia, 
accompanied by partial congestion, when applied locally in 
the form of fomentations. They are not advisable when the 
skin is cold and clammy, except when impregnated with the 
strongest stimulants. With perspiration, excessive and warm, 
they are of great service. Hot baths are useful to restore warmth 
to the body in cases of profound shock, or after exposure to 
severe cold, but in the latter case the circulation must first be 
gradually restored. They should be avoided if the patient 
expects to be exposed to cold within a few hours. 

Hot baths should not be taken except as a remedy for 
disease, baths of lower temperature accomplishing all that is 
needed for ordinary purposes. 

Pack Baths consist in wrapping the entire body in a 
sheet wrung out of water, with blankets so enveloping him as 
to maintain a tepid warmth in every part, thus producing the 
same effects as the tepid bath, but to a far greater degree, 
even to the extent of promoting the absorption of internal 
effusions. Sleep ensues as a consequence of the general relax- 
ation, and care must be used, or, if the pack be continued too 
long, the over-relaxation may produce, in serious cases. 
inability to tone up afterward. 

Compresses are simply cold local packs ; fomentations 
hot For the latter wet from two to four thicknesses of cotton. 



22 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

or linen, in the water or decoction selected, heated according 
to the case, and cover with three to six thicknesses of dry 
flannel, projecting on all sides three inches beyond the wet, 
and bind firmly in place. If continuous heat is required, 
change the wet cloth frequently without removing the dry, 
by lifting the dry and slipping the wet under it as hot as can 
be borne. In congestions the moisture is absorbed through 
the capillary walls detaching the adhering corpuscles and 
unclogging the blood vessels. 

Vapor Baths.— 110° to 140°. The famous Eussian bath 
is vapor. The early Thomsonian method was to seat the 
patient, naked, in a chair set on slats across the top of a tub of 
hot water, into which hot bricks, or stones, were put. 
Blankets enveloped the patient, 

Another method is to generate the heat by putting an 
alcohol lamp under a chair, suspending a basin of hot water 
over the lamp, and have the patient sit on the chair with 
blankets tent-like about both. This is the hydro-alcoholic bath. 

Another way is for the patient to sit in a box, or cabinet, 
and have the vapor conducted in from outside. 

Still another is for the patient to lie in bed with the clothes 
raised by supporting half hoops and have the vapor conducted 
under the bed clothes, or a vessel of steaming hot water put in. 

Another is to surround the patient in bed with several hot 
bricks wrapped in cloths and pour vinegar or alcohol on them. 

However they may be taken, vapor baths should not be 
continued many minutes after the face perspires freely. They 
are far more penetrating and powerful than sponge baths, 
securing a full outward flow of blood, breaking up internal 
congestions, and stimulating the entire surface. 

In scarlatina, measles, smallpox, erysipelas, hydrophobia, 
chronic skin affections, colds, rheumatism, ague, flooding, 
acute dysentery, lockjaw, dropsy, chronic abscesses, etc., they 
are invaluable. The bowels should be first emptied by a full 
injection of hot water, or the contents may be absorbed and 
carried through the system toward the surface. 



BATHS. *23 

The vapor bath should not be risked in conditions of 
decided prostration, in heart troubles or diseases of the large 
blood vessels, or in internal mortification. Persons of very 
delicate nervous organization are liable to faint in it because of 
the sudden flow of blood from the brain to the surface, and 
they may feel prostrated for days by it. 

The Turkish is a hot-air bath, followed by sundry 
washings and manipulations, which render it sometimes of 
great value, but the custom of treating all patients alike causes 
frequent injurious results. 

The Franklin Bath consists in exposure of the whole 
body naked to the air. It should be attended with general 
hand-friction of the skin, not long enough to produce general 
chilliness, and repeated with sufficient frequency to have the 
>ystem welcome it as a luxury. 

Grneral Rules for Bathing.— Those suffering from 
heart disease, faint spells, or congestion of the brain, should 
never bathe in the surf. 

Full baths of any kind should not be taken within one 
hour before a meal: within two hours after a meal; when 
much fatigued, or otherwise exhausted; when the body is 
cooling after perspiration ; when cold from previous exposure 
(except the warm bath). 

The ears should be protected with light cotton plugs, in 
surf -bathing. 

Should lassitude result from surf-bathing, or persistent 
chilliness, or numbness, discontinue it and rest, also take a 
strong cup of coffee, but do not try to "walk it off," as that 
will exhaust still more. Contrary to general opinion, the feet 
should be first wet. 

In all baths, heavy shocks should be avoided. The bath 
should be adapted to the person. If a cold bath is recom- 
mended for a certain condition, and the patient is used to 
warm baths only, begin with a tepid, gradually reduce to 
cool, then to cold. The abuse of water by enthusiastic 
believers in its virtues, is as much to be guarded against as its 
proper use is to be encouraged. 



24 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Women should take only such baths during the last two 
months of pregnancy, or while menstruating, as are appro- 
priate to their condition. 

The- rule not to bathe within two hours after a meal, is of 
the utmost importance, as many cases of fatal "cramp" are 
due to the plunge into cold water when the stomach contains 
much food. 

A patient suffering from dry asthma with cold perspiration 
during the paroxysm, would be injured by a tepid bath. 

In excessive urination with a dry skin, a tepid sponge, 
or vapor, bath, will diminish the flow. On the other hand, a 
cool bath, when the skin is moist, especially with an astringent 
added, will increase the discharge from the kidneys when that 
is deficient (Cook). 

Persons who have reached the decline of life, whether at 
fifty or seventy years of age, should avoid chills from what- 
ever baths they allow. 

8. CLOTHING. 

The Use of Clothes.— The natural demand for cloth- 
ing is for sanitary reasons. Moral reasons exist, but they 
grow largely from custom. 

As all bodies radiate, or absorb, heat according as they are 
surrounded by a medium of lower or higher temperature than 
themselves, therefore, in a variable climate, clothing becomes 
a matter of grave importance. In summer, clothing that will 
rapidly conduct the heat away ; and in winter, that which 
will retain it best, seems most desirable. But moisture from 
the surface of the skin plays an important part in the conduc- 
tive capacity of different articles of clothing. Thus cotton 
and linen are rapid conductors of heat, and are made much 
more so when moist or wet. Flannel, on the other hand, is a 
poor conductor either moist or dry. Therefore, flannel is the 
preferable clothing for winter use. Experience shows, also, 
that in the greatest heats of summer it is superior to either 
cotton or linen for those who are exposed to the direct rays of 



SLEEP. 25 

the sun, because its poor conductivity protects its wearer from 
the intensity of the sun-heat. 

The expensiveness of wool is often a serious objection 
against its use, but this can be obviated to a considerable 
extent by keeping layers of warm air between the skin and 
the outer cold. Wear the thinnest kind of all-wool garment 
fitting very loosely next the skin, and over that one of coarse 
cheaper wool, also fitting loosely. There will thus be, first 
a layer or air next the skin, another between the under-wool. 
and the upper-wool undergarments, and still others between 
that and the outer articles of apparel. 

The Color of outside clothing is also of great importance, 
light absorbing less heat from the sun's rays than dark. For 
instance, white cotton shirting absorbs 100 heat-units, light 
sulphur yellow 102, dark yellow 140, light green 155, turkey 
red 165, dark gveen 108. light blue 198, black takes in 208. 

As Disease Germs are much more readily absorbed 
by woolen clothing than by cotton and linen, doctors, nurses, 
and others who come in contact with infectious diseases, 
should wear linen and cotton clothing in preference to woolen, 
as far as other considerations will allow. But silk would be 
preferable to either for their undergarments. 

The Fit. — While clothing should be made to fit properly, 
any article that restrains muscular movements, obstructs the 
circulation, or compresses the organs , should be condemned. 

Dyed Clothing should be worn with caution, as the 
materials used for coloring purposes are often poisonous. 

Clothing can easily be made non-inflammable by soaking 
in a solution (of three ounces) of four parts borax and three 
parts Epsom salts dissolved in ten to twelve ounces of water. 
(Wood.) 

Garments for outdoor wear should be warmed before 
wearing unless kept in a warm room. 
9. SLEEP. 

The Brain, the fountain head of all nervous energy 
by which we think, and do, and live, never recuperates except 



26 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

in sleep. Hence it is that so much time is allotted by Nature 
to this function of our organism. Other functions, such as 
eating, walking, and speaking, are subject to very great and 
long continued modifications, but sleep, with comparatively 
slight variations, is imperative, because of the necessity for 
brain-recuperation. 

Time for Sleeping*.— Ten hours until puberty is estab- 
lished, nine hours from that period until physical growth is 
complete, and eight hours sleep for mature life, are the average 
demands of nature. He who ignores this law, does it at his 
peril. 

Nature never forgets. She may seem to disregard for a 
time, but every habitual violation is written in her book, and 
will, as certainly, be visited with penalty, as life furnishes 
the opportunity. 

To Secure Good Sleep, the following conditions must 
be observed : 

The bed should be not so hard as to " make the bones 
ache," nor so soft as to unduly heat the body. 

The bedclothes should be light and warm, and always in 
cool and cold weather comprise an extra to be laid across the 
feet and drawn up in the night when the natural sinking of the 
body-heat calls for an extra covering. 

All persons should sleep alone, if practicable. Invalids 
and healthy people should never sleep in the same bed, nor 
invalids and children, nor aged people and children. 

Hearty meals should not be eaten just before retiring, but 
it is better to eat a little bread, or even drink a cup of weak 
black tea, than to feel the gna wings of hunger in bed. 

The brain should not be worked hard within one or two 
liours in health, and two to five hours in illness with brain 
pressure, before retiring. 

Sleep that is disturbed by uneasy tossings may become 
tranquil by giving the covering a hearty shake, lifting the 
night clothes to the armpits and giving the body a hasty hand- 
rub in the cool air, and lying down in a different position from 
the last. 



SLEEP. 27 

Never retire with cold feet, but, instead of resorting to the 
lebilitating hot brick, or water bottle, plunge the feet for an 
instant into cold water and jump into bed without drying 
them, and they will soon glow. But if the person is too feeble 
for reaction to take place thus, then give the cold plunge and 
dry with a flesh brush, or coarse towel, and, if necessary, rub 
or whip them into warmth. 

The night clothes should hang entirely free from the 
shoulder and be some inches longer than the limbs, so as to 
envelop the feet. 

Ventilation should be perfect. But should it be possible 
to provide adequate ventilation only by exposing the bed to a 
current of air, protect the bed by a screen, or curtain, between 
that and the ventilator. 

The more the nerve force is drained, the more sleep is 
required. Hence, brain work needs more than manual labor. 
Those who use alcoholic stimulants require more than 
abstainers. Large eaters need more than small eaters. Preg- 
nant and nursing women should have more than others. 
Eapidly-growing children can scarcely get too much sleep. 

10. REST AND RECREATION. 

Why Needed.— The great American nation has become 
nervous, dyspeptic, sexually weak, and physically degenerated, 
largely by the untamed spirit of drive and conquest, which is 
the product of its environment and history. 

Three more generations of retrogression, and, as a people, 
we shall be the scorn of the civilized world. It is time to halt ; 
and the first reformation should be on the high ground of 
rest. Greed must check his speed, ambition must take time 
to breathe, competition must ease up for a holiday. 

Commodore Yanderbilt, with all his immense finan- 
cial interests, set an example in this respect worth following. 
He would never allow work, however pressing, to keep him 
busy after 2 p.m. ; then rest and recreation the rest of the day. 
"But with his means he could well afford to rest," objects the 



28 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

worker. No, with his means he could not afford to do other- 
wise ! And he was wise enough to see it. 

The Incessant Grind of the busy brain needs a let-up; 
and it will have it, or the impinging fibers will grind each 
other away. This is the very point that we are deploring. The 
damage to the brain-fiber is reporting itself in the nerves, 
stomach, manhood power, and physical stature and strength 
of the younger generation. More holidays, and half -holiday s , 
a sacred rest -hour in the hum of the day, business locked 
into the mill, bank, counting-room, office, store, or shop, when 
it is closed for the day, instead of being welcomed at the home 
fireside and transformed into a hideous nightmare in the 
sleep-hours ! 

Best, rest, rest, is what we need. 

Vacations all through the year. Let up, hold up. Stoji ! 
is the imperative of an imperiled race, or neurasthenia with 
all its untold horrors will be the distinguishing characteristic 
of our land. 

Reform in Schools. — But the mandate will never be 
heeded until the example is set in our public schools. Stuff, 
cram, force, is the very spirit of school boards and teachers' 
institutes, until the young brain takes on its habitual type of 
high pressure, which will be maintained later on in the busi- 
ness of life until the machine crashes and the untimely end is 
reached. 

None the less imperative is Nature's call for rest. 

The Habit of Semi-Sleep rest should be cultivated. 
Sit easily in an easy chair, hands folded on lap, chin fallen 
upon chest, eyes closed, and breathe slowly way down to the 
pelvis bone, minute after minute, and soon (thinking only of 
the deep breathing) the whole organism will sleep, conscious- 
ness only being half dreamily alert. This rest-faculty ought 
to be cultivated, especially by all nervous people and brain 
workers. 

Rest One Day in Seven, is a law of Nature, as well 
as the commandment of God. The observation of Sir Robert 



EXERCISE. 29 

Peel, that no man can work seven days in the week without 
prematurely breaking down, has been abundantly demon- 
strated in many ways. 

11. EXERCISE. 

The 3Iuscles and their Uses.— There are nearly 500 
muscles in the body, and the life of every one is dependent 
upon exercise. One hundred and forty-seven are used in 
-very deep inspiration with forcible expulsion of the air. 

In ill health muscles always loss their power to a greater, 
or less, extent. In most cases, to restore the muscular vigor is 
4o cure the disease. But to do this, appropriate exercise must 
be had. To continue to exercise parts already overworked but 
increases the general evil. 

Yet. after twenty-five years of age, prescribed special 
exercises seem drudgery, unless they have a strong pleasure 
element, or are intimately linked with the common utilities 
of life. 

General Prineiples. — Before describing exercises upon 
which we shall rely as a special treatment for disease, some 
general principles should be strongly insisted upon, the viola- 
tion of any one of which will throw the responsibility of 
failure, if it should occur, upon the patient. (These exercises 
tre, in part, selected from Taylor, Emerson, Nissan, Blakie, 
Foster and Checkley). 

1. Take them very slowly, unless otherwise directed. 

2. Rest as long before repeating any movement as the 
ement consumed. 

3. Graduate the force of the movement to the existing 
strength of the patient. 

4. Always with free ventilation ; better in the open air. 

5. Always in light, loose clothing, or none at all. 

6. Always with the help of abundant sleep. 

7. Always with clean skin and open bowels. 

v . Always with an extra quantity of pure, soft water, 
drank cold or hot. 

9. Always in as cheerful frame of mind as possible. 



30 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

10. Always with the help of one to three sun-baths a 
week. 

11. Always with some purpose sufficiently commanding* 
to secure persistence. " It is the continuance that gives value." 

12. Always with the utmost power of the exercise put 
forth in the middle of it. 

13. Always with sufficient regularity to institute a phys- 
iological habit. 

14. Always with a due regard not only to what should . 
but also to what should not be done. 

15. Seldom, or never, immediately after a full meal. 

16. Never when too much hurried to be mentally restful 
in the use of that particular period of time. 

17. Never when greatly fatigued. 

18. Never with the use of narcotics, if it can be avoided. 

19. Never to the extent of inducing fatigue that cannot 
be relieved by an hour's rest. 

20. Never with jerks and rapid movements, unless the 
last are directed. " Jerks nr^a sign of weakness." 

1. Correct Standing.— Feet firmly planted, toes turned out, body- 
erect so that a perpendicular line from the toes would touch chest, 
chin and lips, arms hanging loosely. 

2. Neck Exercise.— Erect. Throw head back so as to see as far over 
back as possible, then slowly rotate the head so as to see as far 
back as possible in all directions; body must not turn. Twice and 
reverse four to six times. 

3. Proper Breathing. — Correct standing position, slowly draw iiu 
the breath so as to produce the utmost expansion of the short ribs, 
and protrusion of the upper abdomen. 

4. Hand Exercise. — Squeeze a rubber or yarn ball slowly and 
forcibly five to twelve times with each hand, then four to eight 
times with both hands. 

5. Wrist Exercise.— Elbows close to sides, forearms held horizon- 
tally in front, palms up; then bend the wrist so as to bring the 
ends of the fingers as near the arm as possible. Then bend the 
hand as far backward as possible. Each movement ten to twenty 
times with each hand. 

6. Forearm Exercise.— Lift a weight suspended from a stick held in 
the hand; or, put the further end of the stick under a bed, sofa, or 
shelf, and lift against it. Repeat ten to twenty times. 



EXERCISE. 31 

7. Upper Ai;m Exercise.— {Biceps.) Standing correctly, lungs fully 
inflated, attempt to lift the left hand to the shoulder while the 
right rests on it and resists. Repeat ten to twenty times. Reverse 
and repeat. 

{Triceps). Stand facing a wall, two feet from it. Now place hands on 
a level with the ears, three feet apart, against the wall. Hold back 
the head and slowly drop the body in until the chest nearly 
touches the wall. Then push it back by the arms. Three to fifteen 
times once a day. 

8. Shoulder Exercise. — a. Stand correctly, hold weight in one 
hand, aims extended horizontally, and elbows not bent; slowly 
carry weight to front of the opposite shoulder, then around back 
of the working shoulder and return. Slowly drop to the side, and 
take weight in other hand and do likewise. Repeat two to ten 
times, according to size of weight. After a time both arms can be 
used together, with a weight in both hands. 

b. Stand. Lungs inflated and breath held; revolve the arm like the 
spoke of a wheel, the shoulder being the hub, carrying it backward 
as far as possible. Two revolutions. Exhale. Other arm same. 
Then both arms together, same. Then reverse the direction of the 
revolutions, and proceed as before. 

e. Stand erect, closed flsts at shoulders. Strike forward as far as 
possible, with one hand, then with the other. Five to ten times 
each. When strong, strike with both together, straight from 
shoulder. 

0. Chest Exercise.— Dept h . Nail a hand-slat across the end of a ten- 
or twelve-foot board, the slat projecting a foot each side. Lay the 
board across a pole so that the further end of the board on the 
ground, the hand end will stand a foot above the head. Weight 
the ground end. Xow stand a foot or eighteen inches from the 
handles, grasp them with both hands, fill chest to utmost, and hold 
it in while forcing the handles down to the waist, the legs kept 
straight. Repeat the " teter " motion ten to seventy times. 

Breadth.— {a.) Stand correctly, thick of hands on sides, fingers point- 
ing forward. Contract ribs so as to bring hands as close together as 
possible. Now send them as far apart as possible by muscular 
effort. Repeat six to fifteen times. 

b. Stand correctly, extend arms and lock thumbs down in front. 
Inhale. Raise arms, holding breath, as high as can be done with- 
out bending; slow r ly return the arms and exhale together. 

e. Stand correctly. Inhale and hold. Lift elbow\s to a level with 
shoulders, hands on same level in front of chest, elbows bent, then 
strike out with both hands, until they are in line with the 



32 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

shoulders, and return. Exhale, drop. Repeat eight to twelve 
times. 

d. Stand the length of the arm and hand from and facing a corner; 
extend the arms sideways on a level with the shoulder and press 
against each wall. Now slowly fall forward (feet not moving) until 
the nose touches the corner. Inhale and press back to the upright 
position by the unmoved hands. Repeat three times. 

Apex-fulness.— Stand with head four to six inches back, face upward, 
lungs inflated, arms wing- way; carry weight from one shoulder 
around to the other and back, then from the horizontal up and 
down to eighteen inches. Each arm six times. 

10. Back Exercise.— (a.) Standing, heels nearly touching, toes out 
nearly at a right angle, stretch upward arms extended, then sweep 
down in a curve, bending every joint but the knees in the effort 
to touch the floor. Rise slowly. Then, finger tips on chest, carry 
head backward and down until the front neck is stretched, then 
bend the knees and allow the body to go down as far as possible 
without bending the back, then slowly rise. Repeat three times. 

b.* Between two chairs rest one elbow on each, and heels on floor, 
body rigid, face up, hold there a minute. Repeat three times. 

11. Side Exercise.— a. Sit upright, left hand against left side, right 
hand upright against the head. Carry head and arm as far over 
toward the left hand as possible without raising right hip from 
seat. Return slowly. Repeat three to five times with each hand. 
If stronger exercise is desired, carry weight in upright hand. 

b. Hop straight ahead first on one foot, then on the other. Begin 
moderately, and go a little further each day. 

S„ Standing, right arm bent gracefully over the head, the left hanging 
loosely. Throw weight upon the foot under the raised arm, carry- 
ing the other foot out sideways as you bend far in the direction of 
the free foot, holding the head up toward the raised arm. Repeat 
one to three times each side. Return slowly. 

12. Loin Exercise.— a. Stand. Stoop forward, and with both hands 
pull steadily for one minute on something fixed to the floor. Rest. 
Now pull with one hand while the object is oblique from your 
front, then rest and pull with the other hand in similar position. 
Once or twice a day, three to six pulls with each hand. 

b. Sitting, feet spread far apart, arms upright nearly against head, 
fall slowly over, the body upon one knee. Rise slowly and fall on 
the other knee. Repeat five or six times each way. The sitting 
position must be held. Weights can be used in the hands. 

13. Abdomen Exercise.— (a.) Sitting, legs extended, hands on head, 
bend forward far as possible and return slowly. Repeat five to 
eight times. 



EXERCISE. 33 

b. Lying with legs projecting from the couch and falling to the floor, 
hands over head, slowly raise the legs to a perpendicular, hold one 
or two minutes, and slowly return them. Repeat four lu six times. 

e. Lying. Arms crossed under chin. Raise trunk on elbows and toes 
and hold a minute or more: return. 

d. Same as c, only instead of holding on elbows and toes, horizontally, 
the hips rise as far as possible, and there hold, making an arch. 

e. Sit on bed, legs off, body and thighs at right angles, fingers grasp- 
ing loins. Xow fall backward, bringing thighs up. hip joints rigid; 
as soon as your back touches the bed, spring up from the shoulders 
to first position, and so rock back and forth twenty to sixty times, 
A mother can hold her babe as a weight against her chest. 

f. Stand two or more feet from a wall, place hands against it as high 
as shoulders, throw chest forward as far as possible. 

g. Lying on floor, heels against thighs, hands clasped on top head, 
slowly raise hips as high as possible, resting on feet and shoulders, 
and hold a few seconds. Down slowly; rest; repeat two to six 
times. Breathe five times deeply in each time of rest. 

It. Draw abdomen in and out without breathing. 

14. Tkigh Exercise.— FrouA.— Stand feet six inches apart, head and 
chest high. Xow drop by bending the knees, then slowly rise. 
Repeat five to ten times. The severity of the exercise will be 
graded by the distance dropped. 

Back.— (a.) Stand against the wall and press the heel backward hard 

against the baseboard many times. 
; /. Stand erect, and without motion at the hip, kick up backward, 

bending the knee only. Twenty to fifty times for each leg. 

c. Kneel on cushion, feet under a sofa, hands on hips and pitch 
slowly forward until the head has moved fifteen to twenty inches. 
Repeat three to six times. 

15. Calf Exercise.— (a.) Stand three feet from and facing a wall 
one foot resting against it, heei close up and with ankle sharply 
bent, and hands on loins. Xow spring that knee forward and hold 
it with calf strained a moment. Ease off slowly. Repeat five to 
ten times for each foot. 

b. Stand and rise and fall on the toes of each foot, alternately, ten to 
twenty times or run on tiptoe. Breathe long, deep and steady; 
lips closed. 

16. Shix Exercise.— (a.) Walk on the heels with the toes held high, 
one to four times around the room. 

Lay any weight on the foot and lift it from the floor five to ten 
times for each foot. 

3 



34 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

c. Stand and stoop as far forward as possible three to seven times 
without lifting the heels. 

17. Ankle Exercise.— (a.) Walk on tiptoe. 

b. Stand with upper part of one foot resting upon a chair placed back 
of yon. Now press down with the hand on that heel firmly, and 
when the ankle is well bent, ease up and let it return against some 
pressure. Repeat each foot six or eight times. 

c. Sit with legs across an extra chair, and feet together. Turn the feet 
to one side slowly as far as possible. Hold a moment and slowly 
reverse. Repeat ten or twelve times. 

18. Foot Exercise.— (a.) Stand on a stool on one leg with one hand 
against a Avail, the other on the loins. Now swing the free leg as 
far forward and backward as possible fifteen to twenty times. 
Then the other. 

b. Sit with one ankle across the other knee, with a thin-soled slipper 
on the raised foot. Now take a stick fifteen inches long and one- 
half of an inch thick, and strike thirty or forty light blows on the 
sole. Then treat the other foot. 

19. Visceral Exercise. — (a.) Creep several times around a good-sized 
room before dressing in the morning, and after undressing at night, 
on all fours. 

b. Standing, thick of hands on hips, thumbs forward and downwards, 
move hips a little forward and hold them there all through. Now 
bend the body (above the hips) forward, head falling, and slowly 
move head and body around to the right side, then back to front, 
left, back to front, then entirely around forming a circle. 

c. Stand with head, shoulders and spine strong. Lift forearms to a 
horizontal position out in front, the upper arms hanging easily 
from the shoulders, and the hands from the wrists. Now swing the 
forearms rapidly up and down with great energy without moving 
the body. Then whirl them in a circle one way, and reverse. One 
to two minutes once a day. 

20. Poise Exercise.— Stand correctly, hands resting lightly on the 
opposite shoulder. Now, chest leading, poise the body as far for- 
ward as possible, then backward, keeping the chest in the same 
leading position and return. Now take the weight on the ball of 
the right foot, heel gently touching the floor, and swing the left 
foot in a circle around the right and back, and finally holding it 
behind the right, poise the body around the same as on both feet at 
the beginning. Transfer weight to the other foot and repeat. 

21. Walking Exercise. — Correct standing position, tips of fingers 
resting lightly on shoulders, weight on one foot, slowly send its 
hip out at the side as far as possible, holding chest steady and 



EXERCISE. do 

shoulders level. Now the head is below its normal height. With- 
out rising glide the weight obliquely to the other foot by bending 
the knee of the weighted foot and straightening the free knee, at 
the same time sending its hips out sideways. Repeat and return. 

22. Whole System Exercises.— Take exercises Xo. 10 a; also 11, a ; 
12 b: 13 e; 14; front. 

23. Tranquilizer.— Sitting, legs far apart, hands on head. Body 
twists as far as it can with moderate rapidity one way, then the 
other. Repeat fifteen to twenty times. 

24. For Capillary Circulation.— Stand, legs spread, hands reach- 
ing high, every muscle from fingers to toes stretched upward one 
minute. Repeat four to ten times. 

When to Use These Fxercises. — It may sometimes 
be desirable to incorporate these movements into the ordinary 
duties of life. While this is not preferable, on account of 
liability to overdo, and lack of intervening rests, yet for 
necessary cases the following suggestions are made : 

I. When holding a standing conversation, or waiting. 
2 and 3. At any leisure moment, sitting or standing. 

4. Whenever anything soft and squeezable is in the hand. 

5. Playing with the baby, or waiting. 

6. Whenever a suitable stick is found in the hand. 

7. Whenever carrying light weights from place to place, 
one hand only in use (Triceps). Whenever passing empty- 
handed through a door. Use the casings as a wall. 

8. a. In carrying weights ; b and c, in going from place 
to place. 

9. (Depth). Playing with children. A child as weight. 
(Breadth), a. In dressing and undressing ; b and c, whenever 
resting a moment from sewing or writing ; d, when looking 
for anything in a good corner. 

10. a. To pick up a pin ; &, when amusing children and 
young people. 

II. a. When sitting anywhere ; b, in going short dis- 
tances. 

12. a. When standing by the stove, or any heavy object; 
b, sitting waiting. 



36 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

13. b. On getting out of bed; c and d, while lying in 
bed ; e, getting up ; /, wherever a wall, or tree, is found ; h, 
anytime and anywhere. 

14. (Front). When carrying the baby; (Back) a, when 
standing anywhere against a wall ; 6, amusing the children. 

15. a. Anywhere, standing facing a wall, or large stone ; 
6, standing talking, or going from place to place. 

16. a. Walking a short distance ; b, carry coal hod on 
toes ; c, anywhere. 

17. a and b. Going upstairs ; c, reading newspapers and 
fiction. 

18. a. When standing on a balcony ; b, while dressing. 

19. a. To amuse the children, or up and down stairs ; e, 
when not knowing what else to do. 

20. While standing. 

21. Watching the cooking, waiting for carriage, etc. 

23. When sitting anywhere. 

24. After sitting. 

Nearly all these exercises can be adapted to the feeble by 
the attendant becoming the point of support, or in cases of the 
very feeble, he can, on the same principles, give passive exer- 
cise, firmly and moderately forcing the desired muscular 
movements. 

Bicycle Exercise. — Next to a systematic use of the 
foregoing exercises, bicycle riding is, perhaps, the most 
desirable within the reach of ordinary invalids. For them the 
pneumatic tire is specially desirable. The rider should sit 
naturally, chest out, head up, and be very careful that his 
saddle be so soft and springy, or his person so padded that 
irritation of the genital organs, does not result. Enough can- 
not be said in condemnation of the racing posture in riding. It 
contracts the chest, crooks the spine, irritates the prostate, 
and ages men years before their time. With these qualifica- 
tions, the bicycle is commended especially for two reasons — 
(1) It concentrates the mind on what is being done, and (2) 
demands the exercise of thoughtful skill which diverts the 



HABITS. 3? 

thoughts from self and all morbid channels, and thus induces 
mental recuperation. 

12. HABITS. 

By habits is meant any customary indulgence that depletes 
the vitality of the individual. 

The Drink Habit. — The testimony of Hon. Chauncey 
Depew is important as a practical summary of the case from 
the standpoint of actual examples : 

"Twenty-five years ago I knew every man, woman and child in 
Peekskill. And it has been a study with me to mark boys who started 
in every grade of life with myself, to see what has become of them. I 
was np last fall and began to count them over, and it was an instruc- 
tive exhibit. Some of them became clerks, merchants, manufacturers, 
lawyers, and doctors. It is remarkable that every one of those that 
drank are dead; not one living of my age. Barring a few who were 
taken off by sickness, every one who proved a wreck and wrecked his 
family, did it from rum, and no other cause. Of those who were 
church -going people, who were steady, industrious, hard-working 
men, who were frugal and thrifty, every single one of them, without 
an exception, owns the house in which he lives, and has something 
laid by. the interest on which, with his house, would carry him 
through many a rainy day." 

The following facts concerning both moderate and exces- 
sive drinking are conclusive. Dr. N. S. Davis, before the 
Chicago Medical Society, said : 

■•All excesses and irregularities in eating, or drinking, are injuri- 
ous, as also are excessive and exhausting mental and physical work. 
And still more injurious is the use of any unnatural drinks, which, 
like those containing alcohol, directly interfere with the function of 
the haemoglobin of the blood and diminish the activity of both the 
leucocytes and tissue cells, and thereby greatly impair the resisting 
power of the whole system. Abundant experience has shown that 
an alley filled with decayed garbage does not more certainly in rift 
eholeragerms in the neighborhood than docs the use of alcoholic drinks 
invite than to the tissues of the individuals who use sueli drinks.'" 

Dr. G. Lowther truly wrote in The Voice (See Sept. 22, 1892): 

The places where intoxicating liquors arc sold have proved to be 
generators and conductors of cholera. Xot only so, but the users «»t 
alcohol are the most ready victims of the disease. This is accounted 
for by the fact that, by its use, the digestion is deranged. The blood 



38 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

vitiated, the nerves unstrung, and further, that the presence of alcohol 
in the system renders it more susceptible to infection. But, account 
for the facts as we may, here are the testimonies of physicians, and 
others, during the scourges of 1832 and 1866: 

Dr. French, a medical health officer in Liverpool, says : "The out- 
break of cholera in July, 1806, in that city, was in a house where a 
woman died of another disease. They kept the body for three days, 
during a drunken debauch, in a crowded room, filled with the fumes of 
tobacco and alcohol. This revel was called 'a wake.' One week from 
that time forty-eight persons had died from cholera within a radius of 
150 yards from that place." 

During the epidemic of 1832, Dr. Bronson said: "In Montreal, 1,000 
persons have died of cholera, only two of whom were teetotalers." A 
Montreal paper said: "Not a drunkard who has been attacked has 
recovered from the disease, and almost all the victims have been at 
least moderate drinkers." 

In Albany, N, Y., the same year, cholera carried off 366 persons 
^bove sixteen years of age, all but four of whom belonged to the 
'drinking classes. Packer, Prentice & Co., large furriers in Albany, 
employed 400 persons, none of whom used ardent spirits, and there 
Were only two cases of cholera among them. Mr. Dele van, a contractor, 
said: "I was engaged, at the time, in erecting a large block of build- 
ings. The laborers were much alarmed, and were on the point of 
abandoning the work. They Avere advised to stay and give up strong 
drink. They all remained, and all quit the use of strong drink except. 
one, and he fell a victim to the disease." He says also: "T had a gang 
of diggers in a clay bank, to whom the same proposition was made; 
they all agreed to it, and not one died. On the opposite side of the 
same clay bank were other diggers who continued their regular rations 
of whisky, and one-third of them died." 

In New York city there were 204 cases in the park, only six of whom 
were temperate, and these recovered, while 122 of the others died. In 
many parts of the city the saloon-keepers saw and acknowledged the 
terrible connection, between their business and the spread of the dis- 
ease, and, becoming alarmed for their own safety, shut up their 
saloons and fled, saying: "The way from the saloon to hell is too 
short." In Washington the board of health was so impressed with the 
terrible facts that they declared the grog shops nuisances, ordered 
them closed, and they remained closed for three months. A prominent 
physician of Glasgow reported: " Only 19 per cent, of the temperate 
perished, while 91 2-10 of the intemperate died." One extensive liquor 
dealer of Glasgow said: "Cholera has carried off half of my cus- 
tomers." In Warsaw 90 per cent, of those who died from cholera were 



HABITS. 39 

wine drinkers. At Tifels, Prussia, a town of 20,000 inhabitants, every 
drunkard died of cholera. 

Sir William Roberts states as the result of actual experi- 
ments that proof spirit, brandy, whiskey, or gin, in food pro- 
duced these effects upon digestion : Thirty per cent, retards 
digestion eighty minutes beyond the natural time : 40 per cent, 
retards digestion 200 minutes beyond, and 50 per cent, per- 
mitted almost no digestion. 

In harmony with the foregoing-, is the probability of life, 
as based on statistics of beneficiary societies : 

At 20 44.2 years, if temperate 

At 30 3G.5 

At 40 28.8 

At 50 21.25 " " " 

At GO 14.28 

At 20 15.6 years, if intemperate 

At 30 13.8 

At 40 11.6 

At 50 10.8 

At 60 8.9 " " " 

The Opium and Chloral habits are universally and 
justly condemned. 

The Tobacco Habit is of such general tolerance that 
its merits should be considered. In favor of it, it is claimed 
that inveterate tobacco users sometimes live to a great age. 
therefore, it cannot be harmful. 

Mr. Samuel Jesoup died May 17. 1817. at Heekington, Eng., at tli^ 
age <>f sixty-rive years. Yet it is in legal evidence in the Lincoln 
? that from 17'.;4 t<» 1810, sixteen years, he swallowed 84,584 pills— 
fourteen and one-half every day — of the old-fashioned alopathic 
make; that from 1*11 and in 1815 he took sixty-two pills a day. and in 
1*14. 141 each day. Besides these, he took k * juleps and electuaries, and 
4". 000 bottles of mixture* set out in fifty-five closely-written columns 
of apothecaries hills.'* Yet he lived to be sixty-five. 

As well claim that those carloads of drugs were not harm- 
ful to him. The reasonable inference is that a constitution 
that could resist all that so many years might have endured 
the assaults of time without that for at least a hundred years. 

Medical authority and general indulgence are also urged 



40 THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 

as justifying the use of tobacco. But these weigh nothing 
against the facts to which attention is now called. Eighteen 
years ago the author published a book, in which the following 
propositions were maintained : 

1. By the operation of the chemical and physiological laws 
involved in the use of tobacco, its invariable tendency is to induce 
disease in a healthy organism. 

2. That the tobacco habit tends directly to induce other habits of 
an injurious character. 

3. The tobacco indulgence transmits to posterity diseased condi- 
tions and perverted tendencies. 

4. It strengthens selfishness and demoralizes the mind. 
Neither the facts nor logic of that treatise have ever been 

overthrown. The propositions stand impregnable. In con- 
firmation, some more recent facts may be cited: From the 
records of the senior class of Yale students for eighl; years, it 
has been found that non-smokers were 20 per cent, taller, 25 
per cent, heavier, and had 62 per cent, more lung capacity 
than smokers. In the Amherst graduating class of 1891, non- 
smokers were 37 per cent, taller, 24 per cent, heavier, 42 per 
cent, larger chest girth, and average lung capacity of 8.36 
cubic inches (equal to more than one-fourth of an ordinary 
inspiration) than the smokers. (Dr. John Ellis). 

Let common sense say whether an article that thus dwarfs 
the body can fail equally to affect the mind. Says Prof. Paul 
Paquin from the standpoint of science, purely : 

"One marked result of its use is the semi-intoxication of the nerve- 
cells, thereby rendering the brain slow, the mind cloudy, and deranging 
the whole governing power of the organism to a degree incompatible 
with the regularity and accuracy which should characterize tl ir- 
respective duties of the various organs." The Supreme Passions of 
Man, p, 109, the very latest and highest authority, Rohe, says: "The 
depressing effects of tobacco, due principally to the nicotine upon the 
nervous and digestive systems, have long been recognized. Recently, 
however, it has been found that very serious symptoms are produced 
upon the sense of vision by the constant or excessive use of tobacco. 
A special form of amaurosis, termed tobacco amaurosis, has been fre- 
quently noticed." 

The great Lord Wolseley said: "I did not smoke for a 
week before Tel-el-Kebir was won, and as I wanted every iota 



THE ABUSE OF DRUGS. 41 

of nerve before I went up to take Khartoum, I gave it up 
then.'' That which robs a man of •' nerve," ought to be given up. 
Much could be added on moral and hygienic grounds 
against this disgusting habit. 

13. THE ABUSE OF DRUGS. 

Drug' Doing' may legitimately be classed among the 
unsanitary habits of civilized people. It is stated that the 
people of Great Britain swallow 5,500,000 pills daily, equal to 
178 tons, which would fill thirty-six freight cars. The Boston 
Globe says that there are 5,000 patent medicines of American 
make on the market, of which one in eight is thought to have 
some real value. The sales exceed $22,000,000 a year in the 
United States : seven-eighths of this vast sum are a thousand 
times worse than thrown away, for any drug that is of no real 
value, is a positive detriment. 

In France the sale of proprietory medicines is only allowed 
after the formulae have been given to the Academy of Medicine. 
In Germany the sale is strictly prohibited, unless the formula 
is on the bottle. Even thus, in three years, sixty-one com- 
pounds were officially denounced. But in the United States 
any man can throw any compound upon the public, and the 
more astoundingly he can falsify, the more rapid will be his 
sales. Some proprietary articles are valuable, but they are few. 

Cosmetics and Skin Ointments and Lotions are 
particularly dangerous, because of the poisons that they con- 
tain. Ranke found mercury in the liver, glands of the abdo- 
men, brain, spinal cord, some of the nerve extremities, spleen, 
heart, and many of the muscles of the trunk, in a case where 
sublimate inunctions had been made several months before. 

Physiologists affirm that there are 2.500 square inches of 
skin upon the body, each with 417 to 2,800 pores, and that 
through all the 2,500,000 pores in the skin, thirty ounces of 
what we eat and drink pass off every day. With like facility 
these pores carry into the blood matters lodged upon the skin ; 
hence, mercury will salivate ; potassium-tartrate of antimony 



42 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

will vomit ; arsenic and lead will poison ; iodine will stimulate 
the glands ; turpentine will appear in the urine, if but rubbed 
upon the skin. Mercurial and arsenical salts constitute the 
potency of most skin preparations. 

Prof. Chandler's analyses of fifteen popular hair restorers 
showed an average of 5.25 grains of lead in every fluid ounce. 

Physicians, Themselves, many among the most emi- 
nent, have become profoundly disgusted with drug-dosing. 

Here is tlie honest declaration of old Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia: 

^ I AM Heke Incessantly led to make an apology for the instability of 
the theories and practice of physic; and those physicians generally 
become the most eminent who have the soonest emancipated them- 
selves from the tyranny of the schools of physic. Dissections daily 
convince us of our ignorance of disease, and cause us to blush at our 
prescriptions. What mischief have we done under the belief of false 
facts and wrong theories ? We have assisted in multiplying disease ; 
we have done more, we have increased their mortality. I will not 
pause to beg pardon of the faculty for acknowledging, in this public 
manner, the weakness of our profession. I am pursuing truth, and am 
indifferent whither I am led, if she only is my leader." 

Said the celebrated Dr. Abercrombie : " Since first cultivated as a 
science, medicine is fraught with the highest degree of uncertainty. 
We cannot properly be said to act upon experience, as we do in other 
branches of science." 

Sir Ashley Cooper, the famous surgeon, in a lecture before the 
students of Guy's hospital, said: "The art of medicine is founded on 
conjectures, and improved by murder." 

Dr. Hoffman, the celebrated physician of the last century, wrote: 
"As regards most medicines, the physician is deceived, as their true 
properties are quite unknown, and we know of no general law of 
Nature for their remedial employment in disease." 

The world-famed Dr. Huf eland made this remarkable statement in 
his published works: "Man has two great enemies to fight— sickness 
-and the doctor ! " 

Prof. John Hughes Bennett, of the Edinburg University, says : " All 
those who have acquainted themselves with what is known of the 
structure and composition of the tissues, the laws of nutrition, and the 
pathological changes which occur in organs during disease, must feel 
astonished at the unfounded assumptions, want of evidence, and even 
unreasonableness, which characterize writings on the action of 
medicines." 



THE ABUSE OE DRUGS. 43 

Said Sir John Forbes, after fifty years' practice of the current sys- 
tem of medicine : " Our estimate of this kind of treatment must be 
entirely of a damnatory character, the slight amount of good ever 
derived from it being counterbalanced by a huge sum of evil." 

It may be objected that these confessions were made in 
an age of less scientific knowledge. Granted. But has the 
advance in science materially changed the main fact con- 
fessed? Here follow some of our own day : 

Dr. Bickat says on Page 114, of Popular Science Monthly of Novem- 
ber, 1883: "To what errors have not mankind been led in the employ- 
ment of medicines ? It is not a science at all, it is a shapeless collec- 
tion of inaccurate ideas." 

Dr. Schrodt: The entire system of therapeutics is founded upon 
an erroneous conception of disease. 

Dr. Magendie: I hesitate not to declare, no matter how sorely I 
shall wound our vanity, that so gross is our ignorance of the real 
nature of the physiological disorders called diseases, that it would, 
perhaps, be better to do nothing, and resign the complaint (we are 
called upon to treat) to the resources of nature, than to act, as we are so 
often compelled to do, without knowing the why and the wherefore 
of our conduct, and at the obvious risk of hastening the end of the 
patient. 

Dr. Jules Vires : Our system of therapeutics is so shaky, that the 
soundness of the basis itself must be suspected. 

Dr. Bock: Twenty-five years' experience at the sick-bed and the 

dissecting table, in the nursery and on the battlefield, has convinced 

me that, with rare exceptions, the disorders of the human body, which 

have been treated after such an infinite variety of drug systems, can 

- well cured without any drug at all. 

Dr. Francis Cogswell: I wish not to detract from the exalted pro- 
fession to which I have the honor to belong, and which includes many 
of my warmest and most valued friends; yet it cannot answer to my 
conscience to withhold tlie acknowledgment of my firm belief, that 
the medical profession (with its prevailing mode of practice) is pro- 
ductive of vastly more evil than good; and were it absolutely abolished, 
mankind would be infinitely the gainer." 

John Mason Good, M. D., author of " Study of Medicine," etc. : The 
science of medicine is a barbarous jargon, and the effects of our medi- 
cines on the human system is, in the highest degree, uncertain, except, 
indeed, that they have destroyed more lives than war, pestilence and 
famine combined. 

The great Prof. Wunderlich wrote in 1852: "Instead of investiga- 
tion, we find empiricism; instead of facts, we have theories; instead of 



44 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

correct conclusions, dogmatic rules; instead of ascertaining causes, 
'useless talk." 

Dr. Richter says in his work on " Medicine : " "No science is so fu I 
Of erroneous conclusions, mistakes, dreams, and lies, as the so-called 
science of medicine! Many who would get well, if left alone, are 
killed by the art of the doctors. If one sees a physician take a pen to 
write a prescription, one feels like saying: 'Lord forgive him, for Le- 
knows not what he does.' " 

If drugs are so potent for mischief in the hands of edu- 
cated physicians, what folly it is for the people to dose them- 
selves at haphazard ! 

14. CONTAGION AND INFECTION. 

Wall Papers are often the abode of millions of disease 
germs, as well as sometimes deleterious by reason of the 
chemical poisons used in their colors. 

Household Pets have many times carried diphtheria 
and scarlet fever to their human playmates. Dr. F. J. Leviseur 
has traced many cases of ringworm and fevers to the fondling 
of cats. 

Kissing the Dead is a practice full of peril to the living. 

Disinfect all Bowel Discharges from typhoid fever 
patients. In Lausanne, Switzerland, some were thrown into a 
small stream, which soon disappeared into the earth, but reap- 
peared half a mile away in a clear mountain spring. Yet the 
use of that spring water caused 144 cases of typhoid fever. 

Numerous cases have occurred by simply rinsing milk cai ^ 
in infected water. 

When the city of Munich was supplied from wells, the 
death rate from typhoid was 24.2 per cent, in 10,000 inhab- 
itants. When sewered and furnished with a general supply, it 
sank to 1.4. 

The Cause of Many Mysterious Fevers and 
bowel diseases in apparently healthy localities is owing to the 
fact that slops are poured on the ground close to the house. 
Ground-air, that is the air that fills the spaces between the 
particles of earth, not only contains more carbonic acid than 
the atmosphere, but it absorbs poisons from the decaying 



CONTAGION AND INFECTION. 45 

organic particles in the slops, and sets in a constant current 
Toward the cellar by reason of its heat, whence it rises through 
the house. 

The disease generated thus spreads in the ratio of the 
density of the population. Thus Dr. Fair found that in 
England and Wales the death rate and density corresponded : 

Deaths in 1,000 Population Per Square Mile. 

Population 106 186 379 1.176 4.499 12.351 63,823 

Deaths 17 19 22 25 28 32 39 

Proximity in Square Yards. 

Yards 147 139 97 46 28 17 7 

Life duration 51 45 40 35 32 29 26 years. 

Antiseptics aud Disinfectants for Water-Closets, 
Vessels and Drain-Pipes : — Hot water, two and one-half 
gallons ; copperas, four pounds ; carbolic acid, four pounds. 
Id cases of typhoid fever, dysentery, etc.. keep this mixture 
in vessels and pour it down the water-closet freely. Or cop- 
peras, ten pounds, in a bucket of water. A teacupful for a 
bed-pan, or chamber vessel, each time it is used, or for the 
last, one fluid ounce of chlorinated soda, or ten grains of 
permanganate of potassia to a quart of water. Another, sul- 
phate of zinc, eight ounces, carbolic acid, one ounce, water. 
Three gallons. 

For drains, ditches and sewers, disinfect with chloride of 
lime : one pound is sufficient for one thousand gallons of run- 
ning sewage. For heaps of filth, cover with charcoal, two or 
three inches deep, or with dry earth. 

For washing clothes, in cases of erysipelas, smallpox, etc. : 
Sulphate of zinc, two and one-half ounces : carbolic acid, one 
ounce : hot water, one gallon. Water acidulated with com- 
mercial sulphuric acid, is excellent. 

Fumigation after Contagions Diseases, with sul- 
phur, is the only practical method. To disinfect blankets, 
heavy clothing, etc.. open them, close the rooni tight, stuff all 
cracks and paste paper over the keyholes. Put the sulphur in 
iron pans set on bricks in tubs containing a little water ; use 
hot coals in igniting it, or pour alcohol over it and light with 



46 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

a match. Hasten from the room and keep it closed for 
twenty-four hours, then open the windows wide and air it 
thoroughly. Use two pounds of sulphur for a room ten feet 
square, larger rooms in proportion. Or, dissolve one pound of 
sulphuric acid in three times its volume of water in a strong 
earthen vessel, add three pounds of chloride of lime, and shut 
into the room the same as sulphur. In both cases avoid 
inhaling the fumes. 

For Air of Sick Room : — Permangante of potash and 
oxalic acid, each one ounce. Mix and moisten with twice the 
quantity (by bulk) of water ; add a little more water in two 
hours' time. This will emit ozone freely enough for a large 
room ; it is an active disinfectant. 




FIG. 8. THE SKELETON. 



:p.a.:r,t ii. 



I. OUR LITIJSTG MACHINE. 



ITS MECHANISM AND MOTIONS. 



Motion, Frame-work, Machinery, Covering — Vegetation, 
Growth, Sleep, Rest, Recuperation — Circulation, Blood, 
Respiration, Oxidation, Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, 
Excretion — Sensation, Feeling, Taste, Smell, Hearing, 
Sight— Intellection, Perception, Emotion, Volition, Orig- 
ination — Degeneration, Sub-Oxidation, Sub-Nutrition, 
Ab-Secretion, Ab- Excretion, Ab-Circulation, Mai-Genera- 
tion — Generation, Organs, Sex, Functions, Conception, 
Gestation, Maternity, Lactation. 

The human body is a wonderful machine, that is operated 
by a still more wonderful spirit. It is important that we 
should know its construction, in order to be able to run it and 
care for it to our best advantage. 

THE FRAME-WORK. 
1. The Bones. — Its frame-work consists of two hundred 
and six bones, which serve the three-fold purpose of protection 
to the softer parts, preservation of form and possibility of 
motion. Their peculiar structure affords lightness, as well as 
strength. While their exterior is hard and resisting, the central 
portion consists of a cavity which contains an oily substance 
called marrow, interspersed by hollow tubes, about which 
layers of bone substance are arranged. 
4 



50 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

All the bones in their proper position constitute the skel- 
eton, which consists of four principal divisions, namely, head 
neck, trunk and limbs. 

The Head, or skull, is made up of twenty-nine bones. 
Those behind and above (eight in number) form the brain-case, 
and are as follows : One occipital bone, at back of head ; one 
frontal, the forehead ; two parietal, on top and sides ; two 
temporal, the temples; one sphenoid, the floor and sides of 
brain-box ; one ethmoid, between top of nose and brain case. 
The front bones of the skull, fourteen in number, consist of 
one lower jaw bone ; one vomar, between the nostrils ; two 
upper jaw bones ; two palate bones, supporting part of the 
roof of the mouth ; two malar bones, supporting the cheek 
below and outside the eye ; two lachrymal bones, between the 
nose and eye-socket ; two nasal, on roof and sides of nose ; two 
turbinate, inside the nose. 

The other skull bones consist of three pairs of ear bones, 
the malleus, or hammer bone, the incus, or anvil, and the 
stapes, or stirrup ; also the hyoid, to which the roof of the 
tongue is attached. The skull bones protect the senses of 
hearing, sight, smell and taste. With the exception of the 
lower jaw bone, which is attached to the skull by a joint, for 
the opening and closing of the mouth, nearly all the skull 
bones are dovetailed into one another by what are termed 
sutures. 

The bones on the sides and top of the brain-case are made 
up of three layers, the outer one tough enough to bear a heavy 
blow, a central softer layer which deadens the jar of such a 
blow, and an inside layer of hard bony matter. 

The Spinal Column is made up of a chain of twenty- 
six bones, called vertebrae. The upper seven in the neck are 
the cervical vertebrae, the next twelve at the back of the thorax, 
or chest cavity, the dorsal, and the next five the lumbar or 
loin vertebrae, behind the cavity of the pelvis. The two small 
bones at the end of the spinal column are known as sacrum 
and coccyx, the sacrum being the larger and the coccyx the 



THE FRAME-WORK. 51 

end bone. Projecting from the back of each vertebra is a 
bony bar called the spinal process. A canal, which contains 
the spinal cord, runs through the whole back-bone except the 
coccyx, and opens into the skull-chamber above. The verte- 
bra? are separated from each other by thick layers of cartilage, 
which adds to the elasticity of the frame, and so cushions the 
spine as to prevent shocks to the brain by jumping and falling. 

The Ribs are twenty-four slender curved bones, twelve 
on each side of the chest. Each of the first seven ribs is 
attached behind to a vertebra, and in front to the breast-bone. 
The next three are united in front by a connecting cartilage 
and attached to the seventh rib. The two lower ribs are free, 
or floating, at their front extremities. 

The Limbs, with the bones which unite them to the 
trunk, consist of one hundred and twenty-six bones. The 
shoulder comprises on each side a collar-bone, or clavicle, in 
front, and a shoulder-blade, or scapula behind. Both these 
unite near the shoulder- joint. The bones of the arm and hand 
consist of the arm-bone, or humerus, which reaches from the 
shoulder to the elbow ; two forearm bones lying side by side 
between the elbow and the wrist, that on the thumb side being 
the radius, and on the little finger side the ulna ; and twenty- 
seven small hand bones, eight carpal lying close to the wrist 
joint, five metacarpal in the palm of the hand, and fourteen 
phalanges, three in each linger and two in the thumb. 

The hip bones, one on each side, meet in front and form, 
with the sacrum, a bony ring inclosing the lower part of the 
cavity of the abdomen. This ring is known as the pelvis. 
The leg and foot bones are sixty in number. They consist of 
the thigh bone, or femur (the longest bone in the body), which 
reaches from the hip-joint to the knee ; the tibia, or shin-bone. 
and the fibula, which run side by side from knee to ankle- 
joint ; the knee-pan, or patella, in front of the knee-joint ; and 
twenty-six foot bones, seven ankle and heel, or tarsal bones, 
five metatarsal and fourteen phalanges, these corresponding in 
position with the bones of the same name in the hand. 



52 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 




FIG. 9. ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE MUSCLES. 



THE FRAME-WORK. 



53 



These are all shown in the skeleton frontispiece. 

The Bones are Hinged to each other by contrivances 
called joints, or articulations, which are of two kinds ; the 
ball and socket, as the shoulder and hip : and the hinge joint, 
like the knee, fingers, etc., and are bound in their places by 
ligaments. A joint is dislocated when it slips out of its bed. 

But a jointed frame-work must have some mechanism of 
motion in order to move. 

2. The Machinery is made up of muscles, tendons 
and cartilages. 

3Inscles are bundles of fibers which have the power to 
shorten themselves, upon appropriate nervous or electrical 
excitation. They are striped, or voluntary, under the control 
of the will ; and un striped, or invol- 
untary, not under the control of the 
will. 

Tendons are white glistening 
bands, which have few vessels and 
no nerves, and connect the muscles 
with the bones on which they act. 

Cartilages form the original 
frame-work which ossifies into the 
skeleton, having portions covering 
the ends of bones, called articular; 
other portions constituting a part of 
the skeleton, called costal ; and still 
other portions arranged in plates to 
preserve the shape, called reticular, 

FIG. 10. MUSCULAR FIBERS. that do nQt Qssify> 

3. The Covering*. — The Skin is composed of the ex- 
ternal horny covering, the cuticle or epidermis, without vessels 
or nerves, and the derma or true skin, which is an elastic tis- 
sue containing the sensitive papillae, the seat of the sense of 
touch, the sweat glands, the sebaceous glands, fat cells and 
hair follicles. 

A modification of the cuticle appears as the nails, and 
another modification forms hairs, which springs from the fol- 




54 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



licles as a shaft, consisting of a central substance, a fibrous 
portion and an external covering of flat scales. 

This power of motion, thus secured, is preserved by a 
certain 

VEGETATIVE PROCESS, 

Including growth, sleep, rest and recuperation. 

4. Growth is the accretion resulting from the nutritive 
supply being normally in excess of the wastes of the system 
prior to maturity, and still existing in the form of repair- 
processes all through life. It is the special function of the 
medulla (the upper enlarged portion of the apinal cord), the 





PW 



FIG. 11. MUSCLES. 



cord and the viscera (the organs in the cavities of the cranium, 
thorax and abdomen), to preside over growth and repair. 
This is accomplished mainly by sleep, rest and recuperation. 

5. During' Sleep all the voluntary powers and con- 
sciousness are suspended, and the drain of active and conscious 
life saved, so that the nutritive functions can pour their tides 
of quickening energy into the channels of growth and repair. 

0. Rest is the equivalent of sleep, as far as it goes, but, 
being more or less incomplete, it cannot take the place of sleep. 



VEGETATIVE PROCESS. 



55 




: 

of iheOccipi 

Complexes 
, Spleniuv 

, Masseicr. 



Mastoideus 
Trap«7«u». 

Deltoid 
Triceps E 



Supinator of Fore-arm. 
Pronator of Fore-arm. 
Extensor of the Fingers. 
Extensor of the Thumb. 
Extensor Tendons. 
Insertion of the Triceps. 
Extensor of Wrist 
Extensor of Fingers. 
Broad Muscle of Back. 
Us Tendinous Origin. 
Postenor part of the ObliquuS 

Externus 
Gluteus Medius 
Gluteus Magnus. 
Biceps Flexor of the Leg. 
Semi-Tendinobus. 
[ Double Muscle of the Calf. 

idles Tendon. 






FIG. 12. POSTERIOR VIEW OF THE MUSCLES. 



56 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



7. Recuperation is repair in function, as repair itself 
is reconstruction of the organism. 

The brain never thoroughly recuperates except in sleep, 
because consciousness, which is inseparable from the waking 
state, is a vital process entailing exhaustion of vital force. 

All this is accomplished by the medium of 

THE CIRCULATION. 

By this is meant the flow of the blood through the whole 
system, carrying to the tissue's the elements of repair, and 
bringing from them the wastes that must be expelled. 




FIG. 13. SOFT HAIR PASSING THROUGH THE CANALS OF SEBA- 
CIOUS GLANDS. 



8. The Blood is an alkaline, saline fluid, about one- 
eighth the weight of the body, consisting of two parts : 1 , The 
liquor sanguinis, or plasma, a transparent colorless fluid, in 
which float, 2, the red and white blood corpuscles, consisting of 
forty per cent, of the blood. The red corpuscles average 1-3200 
of an inch in diameter, and number about 125,000,000 in a cubic 
inch. 



THE CIRCULATION. 57 

The most important constituent of these corpuscles is the 
haemoglobin, an albuminous compound. About 17-1000 parts 
of the red corpuscles are capable of absorbing 7-10 of a cubic 
inch of oxygen to each 1-64 of a grain of haemoglobin, when 
it is called oxy-haemoglobin, which gives the bright scarlet 
color to arterial blood. The function of the corpuscles is to 
absorb oxygen in the lungs and carry it to the tissues. 

The white corpuscles are about one to three hundred and 
fifty or four hundred of the red, and consist of a soft, color- 
less substance, each granule measuring about 1-2500 of an 
inch in diameter. 

The Circulatory Apparatus consists of the heart* 
arteries, capillaries and veins. 

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, pyramidal in shape, 
measuring five and one-half inches in length, and weighing 
from ten to twelve ounces in the male, and eight to ten ounces 
in the female. It consists of four cavities, a right auricle and 
ventricle, and a left auricle and ventricle, completely separated 
by a vertical partition. 

The right is the venous side, receiving the blood from the 
vena cava, and propelling it through the pulmonary artery 
into the lungs. The left is the arterial side, receiving the 
arterial blood from the lungs by the pulmonary veins, and 
propelling it through the aorta to the system at large. 

The heart function is to propel the blood to all portions of 
the vascular system. During the dilatation and repose of the 
heart, its chambers are filled with blood, which, by the mus- 
cular contraction, is forced into the blood vessels. These two 
conditions of the heart are termed respectively the diastole 
and systole. 

Course of the Blood Through the Heart.— The 
venous blood returned to the heart (after having been used in 
the system and thus become enfeebled or weakened) by the 
superior and inferior venae cavae, is emptied, during the dias- 
tole, into the right auricle, on the contraction of which it is 
forced through the right auriculo-ventricular opening into the 



58 



THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 



right ventricle, and distends it. Upon contraction of the ven- 
tricle, the blood is propelled through the pulmonary artery 
into the lungs, where it undergoes aeration, and is changed in 
color, making it fresh and strong again. The arterial blood is 
now collected by the pulmonary veins and poured into the left 
auricle ; thence it passes into the left ventricle, which becomes 
fully distended. Upon contraction, of the ventricle, the blood 




VEIN 



RTERY 



a. Capillaries of lungs. 

b. Pulmonary artery. 

c. Pulmonary veins. 

d. Right auricle of heart. 

e. Left auricle of heart. 
/. Left ventricle, 

g. Right ventricle. 

h. Pericardium. 

Jc. Veins bearing blood to 
right auricle from 
all parts of the body. 

/. Capillaries of all or- 
gans except the 
lungs. 

m. Aorta bearing blood 
to all parts of the 
body except the 
lungs. 



FIG. 14. THE CIRCULATION. 

is propelled into the aorta, and by it distributed to the system 
at large, to be again returned to the heart by the veins. 

The conduits of the blood are : 

Arteries, which are elastic pipes, carrying the blood from 
the heart to the body, and ending in the 



THE CIRCULATION. 



59 



Capillaries. These are minute vessels connecting the 
terminating arteries with the commencing 

Veins, which are return pipes bringing the blood back 
from the body to the heart. 

The Lesser, or Pulmonic Circulation, is the arteries lead- 
ing from the heart to the lungs, and the return veins from the 
lungs to the heart. 

The Greater, or Systemic Circulation, comprises the great 
distributing artery, the aorta, and its branches, and the return- 
ing veins from all parts of the frame except the lungs. 

The circulation renders possible another intimately asso- 
ciated vital function — 

9. Respiration, which has for its machinery the nose, 
trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm and chest. 

The Xose is the projection on the face formed by the 
two passages called the nasal fossae, or nostrils, separated by 

the septum narium, which is a 



cartilage supporting the roof 
of the cavities, and furnishing 
a passage for the air to reach 
the 

Trachea, which is a cyl- 
indrical tube of sixteen to 
twenty rings of cartilage, 
about four and one-half inches 
long, nearly one inch in diam- 
eter, beginning at the lower 
border of the larynx and fork- 
ing into the two 

Bronchi, which are tubes 
similar in formation to the 
trachea, extending into the 
lungs, where they divide. Each is sub-divided into bronchial 
tubes. The right bronchus is about one inch long, and divides 
into two parts in the three lobes of that lung. The left bronchus 
is nearly two inches long, and divides into three parts in the 
two lobes of that lung. 




FIG. 15. LOBULE OF LUNG. 



60 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



The Larynx is a cartilaginous box, lying between the 
base of the tongue and the trachea, and containing the true 
and false vocal cords, with a cartilaginous lid called the epi- 
glotis, for the passage of air to and from the lungs. 

The Lungs are two; the right has three lobes, and 
weighs about twenty-two ounces. The left has two lobes, and 
weighs about twenty ounces. Each is composed of a multi- 
tude of alveoli, or air cells, that are from one two-hundredth 




a. Inspiration. 

b. Expiration. 

c. Chest-cavity. 

d. Diaphragm. 
/. Collaivbone. 



rf. Hip-bone. 
h. Coccyx. 
st. Sternum. 
ab. Abdomen. 



FIG. 16. FORM OF CHEST AND ABDOMEN IN RESPIRATION. 

to one-seventieth of an inch in diameter. These air cells are 
divided into compartments called lobules, around the ends of 
the bronchiole, or termination of the bronchial tube. 

The Diaphragm is the great muscle of respiration, and 
constitutes the floor of the lungs. 

The Chest, or thorax, is the cavity formed between the 
ribs, breast bone, spine, shoulder-blades, and the diaphragm- 
The ribs have been already described. 



THE CIRCULATION. 



61 



The Function of Respiration is the absorption of 
oxygen into the blood and the exhaling of carbonic acid from 
the blood. This is done by two movements : 

1. Expansion of chest walls, depression o£ diaphragm, 
and inspiration of about one pint of air ; one-fifth of the air is 
oxygen, a large part of which is absorbed into the blood. 

2. At the same time, four and nine-tenths per cent, of 
carbonic acid is exhaled, with a contraction of the walls of the 
chest and rising of the diaphragm. 

In inspiration the twenty to thirty cubic inches of air 
which passes in is called tidal, or breathing air. A forced 
inspiration adds about one hundred and ten cubic inches 
more, which is called complimental air. After ordinary expira- 
tion, about one hundred cubic inches remain, which can be 
expelled by forcible effort ; this is called reserve air. It still 
leaves about one hundred cubic inches more which cannot be 
expelled at all, called residual air. 

THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS THE AIR CAPACITY OF THE LUNGS IN 
HEALTH AND CONSUMPTION. 



Height. 


Cubic Inches. 


First Stage. 


Second Stage. 


Third Stage. 


5 ft. 1 in. 


174 


117 


99 


82 


5 " 2 '• 


182 


122 


102 


86 


5 - 3 " 


190 


127 


108 


89 


5 •• 4 •• 


198 


133 


113 


93 


5 " 5 " 


206 


138 


117 


97 


5 •• 6 " 


214 


143 


122 


100 


5 " 7 " 


222 


149 


127 


104 


5 " 8 " 


230 


154 


131 


108 


-, •• 9 » 


238 


159 


136 


112 


5 '• 10 " 


246 


165 


140 


116 


5 " 11 " 


254 


170 


145 


119 




262 


176 


149 


126 



According to Hutchinson, the average spirometer measure of 
females is 40 cubic inches less than that of males. 



The capacity of the lungs materially affects another im- 
portant vital process — 

10. Oxidation, which is the absorption of the inspired 
oxygen by the haemoglobin of the blood as carriers to the tissues, 
where the chemical changes involved in nutrition and elimina- 
tion are wrought by the oxygen. 



62 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



These changes are called metamorphosis of tissues, and 
consist in the disorganization of the used tissue-cells and the 
building up of the nutrient materials in the blood-plasma into 
new tissue-cells. 

This leads to another vital process. 

J 1. Digestion. The machinery of digestion consists 
of mouth, oesophagus, or gullet, stomach, duodenum, liver 
and intestines. 

Malart fiieuaplth Canine 2t)ts»on> 




FIG. 17. UPPER AND LOWER TEETH. 



The Mouth contains the tongue and thirty-two teeth, 
sixteen in each jaw, namely : four incisors, two canines, four 
bicuspids, six molars. Mastication is the j)rocess of disinte- 
grating the food by the motion of the lower jaw and tongue, 
combined with the solvent properties of the saliva, of which 
about two and one-half pounds are secreted during twenty- 
four hours. 

Deglutition is the forcing of the softened mass through 
the pharynx into the 

Stomach, which is a bagpipe-shaped pouch about thir- 
teen inches long and five inches deep, with a capacity of about 
five pints. It has three coats, serous, muscular and mucous. 



THE CIRCULATION. 



63 



By the muscular coat a churning motion is given to the organ. 
In the mucous coat are imbedded large numbers of mucous 
and gastric glands — the former at the pyloric, or liver end; 
the latter at the cardiac or heart end. 

The peptic secretion is acid, and is under the control of 
the central nervous system, and is composed of 9.75 parts 
water, pepsine 15 parts, hydrochloric acid 4.78 parts, mineral 
salts 5.22 parts, and is further described under the head, The 
Process of Digestion. 



Cyrtk di 




FIG. 18. THE STOMACH. 



The Small Intestine, about twenty feet long and one 
and one-half inches in diameter, is divided into three parts ; 
first, the duodenum, ten inches long, which ascends two and 
one-half inches, to the under surface of the liver, then descends 
three and one-half inches in front of right kidney, then passes 
four inches transversely to the left, and empties into the 



64 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Jejunum, which (about seven feet long) coils about in 
the umbilical (navel) region, and is usually found empty after 
death. This empties into the I Ileum, which twists around 
below the navel, is about twelve feet long, and empties through 
the ileo-caecal valve into the 




FIG. 19. PART OF LARGE INTESTINE. 

Large Intestine, which is about five feet long, about 
two inches in diameter, extending upwards from the right 
groin to the under surface of the liver, called the ascending- 
colon ; then across just below the liver, gall-bladder and 



THE CIRCULATION. 



65 



spleen, to the left side, called the transverse colon ; thence 
passing downward in front of the left kidney to the sigmoid 




FIG. 20. THE LACTEALS. 

flexure, called the descending colon ; then through the flexure 
(curved like the letter /) to the rectum, which is six to eight 




FIG. 21. LACTEALS AND LYMPHATICS. 

inches long, and terminates at the anus. Thus the total length 
of the intestines is about twenty-four feet. 
5 



66 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



The Liver weighs from three to four pounds, situated in 
the right side, extending across into the left side. It is com- 
posed of numerous lobules 1-20 of an inch in diameter, cluster- 
ing around the branches of the hepatic veins. Each lobule is 
composed of, (1) hepatic cells, about 1-1500 of an inch in diam- 
eter ; (2) lobular veins, forming a net-work in each lobule ; (3) 
an intralobular vein, and (4) plexuses of lymphatics, nerves 
and bile-ducts. 




FIG. 22. LYMPHATIC VESSELS AND GLANDS. 

The function of the liver is to secrete and excrete bile, 
which is a golden brown, viscid and alkaline fluid, constantly 
being formed, and discharged by the hepatic ducts into the 
gall-bladder, to the amount of about two and one-half pounds 
in twenty-four hours. 



THE CIRCULATION. 67 

The Gall-Bladder is a pear-shaped bag, three to four 
inches long, holding froni one to one and one-half ounces, the 
function of which is to store the bile for digestive purposes. 
The pancreas is a gland about seven inches long, lying behind 
and transversely across the stomach, opening into the duo- 
denum, and secreting a transparent, colorless, strongly alka- 
line fluid, which, like the saliva, transforms starch into glu- 
cose, and is further explained in the process of digestion. 

12. Absorpiion is by the agency of the veins and 
lymphatics. The food substances, having been mixed in the 
stomach in the form of chyme, as it passes through the ali- 
mentary canal the veins absorb from it water, albuminose, 
glucose and mineral salts, and carry them directly to the liver. 

The fats are absorbed by the lymphatics, or lacteals. The 
lymphatics are a system of minute transparent vessels in 
nearly every part of the body, having valves but no nerves, 
and which convey lymph to the blood. 

The lacteals are the lymphatics of the small intestine, 
designed to convey the chyle into the blood. 

Lymph is blood plasma transuded from the capillary blood 
vessels. Chyle is the oily constituents of food made into an 
emulsion by the pancreatic juice and the bile. 

Lymphatic glands are solid bodies in the course of the 
absorbent vessels, having valves but no nerves. 

External Absorbents. — On the outside of the body 
there are two and a half millions of pores, little holes called 
medically, emunctories, out of which is constantly passing the 
effete matter of the body ; that is, the used-up tissues. There 
are also millions of holes, called lymphatics, which absorb 
proper and improper applications. If you rub into your arm 
pus, or matter, after a time it will be taken into the system, 
and disease of some form is the sequence. Many other sub- 
stances poison some skins in the same way. 

The laws of absorption are very plain. All physicians 
know the immense benefit derived from the external use of 
mustard, poultices, plasters, etc. Apply a decoction of tobacco 



68 



THl SECKET OF HEALTH. 



under the arm ; it will produce first, emesis ; second, diarrhoea ; 
and third, death. A teaspoonful of quicksilver in a tin plate, 
rubbed with the fingers until an amalgam is produced, in a 
few days will give a mercurial sore mouth. Croton oil rubbed 
over the abdomen will bring on a diarrhoeal discharge. One 
thousandth part of a drop of vaccine virus absorbed into the 




FIG. 23. THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 

arm will produce cow-pox. It is by means of this power of 
absorption that inunctions of oil aid nutrition in wasting 
diseases. 

13. Secretion. — The Salivary secretion is an alkaline 
fluid poured from the parotid, sub-maxillary and sub-lingual 
glands, and has the chemical property of converting starch 
nto grape sugar. 



THE CIRCULATION. 69 

The Gastric secietion, which is pepsin (the organized, 
nitrogenized ferment of the gastric juice) in combination with 
hydrochloric acid as hydrochloro-peptic acid. 

The Biliary secretion has already been described on 
Page 64 

The Intestinal secretion is an alkaline, viscid fluid, which 
converts starch into glucose, and assists in the digestion of 
the albumens. 

The Mammary secretion, consisting of two to three pints in 
twenty-four hours, of human milk, with composition, as shown 
in the table on another page. 

The Lachrymal secretion, or tears, is a saltish fluid poured 
from the lachrymal gland situated over the upper eyelid, upon 
the surface of the eye-ball, for the purpose of lubrication. 

The Synovial secretions are exudations from the synovial 
membrane of a viscid, glary fluid, for the purpose of lubrica- 
tion. 

The Mucous secretions are exudations from the mucous 
membrane, varying in quality and consistency according to 
the condition of the membrane. 

The Lymph secretion is a clear, transparent fluid, slightly 
alkaline, found in lymphatic vessels. It contains corpuscles 
called leucocytes, resembling the white corpuscles of the blood, 
each about 1-2500 of an inch in diameter. When exposed to 
the air, it coagulates the same as blood. The total quantity 
poured through the thoracic duct in twenty-four hours is 
three and one-half pounds. 

The Genital secretions are explained in the parts treating 
of manhood and womanhood. 

14. Excretion. — Skin excretions are : (a) Sebaceous, a 
peculiar oily matter secreted by the sebaceous glands to lubri- 
cate the skin and soften the hairs, (h) Perspiration, or sweat ; 
a clear, colorless, slightly alkaline fluid, about two pounds of 
which are thrown off by the sudoriferous glands every twenty- 
four hours through the pores, which are estimated to be about 
2,500,000 to the whole body, (c) Carbonic acid, about 1-200 as 
much as from the lungs, is throw a off in twenty-four hours. 



70 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Lung excretions are : (a) Carbonic acid loading every 
expiration to the extent of 5.9 per cent., or more than 1000 
cubic inches an hour. (5) Water, depending in amount largely 
upon the dryness of the air breathed, is exhaled from the lungs 




a. Horny layer of scarf-skin. 

b. Mucus layer of scarf-skin. 

c. Papillae on surface of true skin. 

d. The true skin. 

e. Fat cells under true skin. 

f. Canal of sweat gland. 

h. Convoluted part of sweat gland below the true skin. 

i. Shaft of fine hair. 

k. Root of the hair. 

I, Sebaceous gland emptying into a hair follicle. 

FIG. 24. STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN. 



with every expiration, (c) Organic matter, as explained 
under the process of digestion, on another Page, is constantly 
excreted in the process of expiration. 



THE XERYOUS SYSTEM. 



71 



Kidney excretion, or urine — pale yellow, or amber, per_ 
fectly transparent, acid fluid with an aromatic odor and spe- 
cific gravity of 1.020 ; forty to sixty ounces excreted in twenty- 
four hours, containing in that time water 52 fluid ounces, urea 
512.4 grains, uric acid 8.5 grains, phosphoric acid 45 grains, 
sulphuric acid 31.11 grains, inorganic salts 823.25 grains, lime 
and magnesia 6.5 grains (Braubaker), which is carried through 
the ureters into the bladder. 




A. Large artery of abdomen. 

Ye. Large vein of abdomen. 

At. Artery that feeds left kidney. 

Vr. Left venal vein. 

K. Kidney. 

U. Ureter. 

Ve. Bladder. 

Ur. Beginning of urethra. 



FIG. 



THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR APPENDAGES. 



Bowel excretion, f cecal matter or alvine discharges, con- 
sisting chiefly of indigested matters, excretin, stercorin and 
salts, from four to seven ounces in twenty-four hours. 

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

Sensation is the function of the nerves of sensation. The 
nervous system is divided into the cerebro-spinal, or nervous 
system of animal life, consisting of the brain, the spinal cord, 
the ganglia, and the cranial and spinal nerves, and the sympa- 
thetic, or nervous system of organic life. 



72 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



The Sympathetic system consists of a chain of ganglia 
connected by nerve-filaments, and situated on each side of the 
spinal column, running downward. They are grouped as 
cranial 4, cervicle 3, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5, coccygeal 1. 

The Nerve Tissue is formed of (a) white fibrous mat- 
ters, and (b) gray vesicular matter. 

The white matter is composed of a number of tubes, like a 
sub-marine telegraph cable, consisting of a central axis cylin- 




Cerebrum. 
2. Cerebellum. 

Medulla. 

Olfactory nerve. 

Optic nerve. 

Fifth pair, or tri- 
facial nerves. 

Ninth pair, or glos- 
so-pharyngeal. 

Tenth pair, pneu- 
mogastric. 

Twelfth pair, hy- 
poglossal. 



FIG. 26. THE BRAIN AND NERVES. 

der, surrounded by the white substance, of Schwann, and envel- 
oped in a tubular membrane, or nerve sheath : a bundle of 
such tubes, invested by a covering called the neurilemma, or 
perineurium, is a nerve. 

The gray matter consists of a fine connective tissue, or 
stroma (that is, bed-formation), called neuroglia, in the meshes 
of which are embedded the gray cells or vesicles. 

Classes of Nerves.— Nerves are divided into — 
Afferent, or centripetal, which convey impressions inward 
toward the center, and may be either (a) Sensitive, when they 
carry impressions which give rise to sensation ; or (b) Reflex, 



THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, '73 

or excitant, when they reflect impressions outward from the 
center and produce motion, secretion, etc. 

Efferent, or centrifugal nerves, which transmit impulses 
generated in the center, outwardly. These are (a), motor, 
when they convey impulses to the muscles : (o) vasomotor, 
when they regulate the caliber of the small blood vessels ; (c) 
secretory, when they influence secretion; (d) trophic, when 
they influence nutrition: (e) inhibitory, when they restrain or 
inhibit action. 

Nerve Impulse travels in the sensory nerves about 190 
feet per second, in motor nerves 100 to 200 feet a second ; but 
in the spinal cord much less rapidly. 

Nerves of special sense are 
located in the skin. 

Touch, or feeling, is gen- 
eral in all parts, but particu- 
larly active in the inner sur- 
face of the fingers. 

Taste is located mainly 
in the mucous membrane of 
the upper part of the tongue, 
and is the function of the 

FIG. 2T. XEKVE TUBES AND CELLS. chordatympani> as ifes genera l 

sensibility is of the trifacial nerve. 

Smell is located in the mucous membrane, lining the 
nasal cavity. It is a function of the olfactory nerve. 

Sight is the function of the optic nerve expanded on the 
retina of the eye. 

Hearing' is the function of the auditory nerve, in the 
inner ear. 

THE BRAIN. 

Intellection, comprising perception, emotion, volition and 
origination, is a function of the brain, which is the central 
organ of life, situated within the skull : average weight, forty- 
nine and one-half ounces for males, and forty-four ounces for 
females. The brain is divided into four parts. 




74 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 




FIG. 28. CRANIAL NERVES. 



Ji. Cord and sheath. 

B. Spinal nerve. 

C. Its motor root. 
Jj. Its sensitive root. 




FIG. 29. SPINAL NERVES. 



THE BRAIN. 75 

The Cerebrum, about seven-eighths of the whole, con- 
stituting the upper and front portion of the brain. This is the 
seat of reason, intelligence and will ; it also contains the motor 
centers of the arms, legs, speech, trunk and head ; and the 
sensory centers of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch, in 
which sensations become conscious to us. 

The Cerebellum, beneath the posterior lobe of the 
cerebrum, weighs about five ounces in the adult, and is 
composed of two hemispheres and an elongated lobe called 
rhe vermiform jDrocess. Its function is the coordination of 
movements. 

The Pons-Varolii is a great transverse commissure, or 
connecting band, binding together the cerebrum above, and 
the cerebellum behind, and uniting both below to the medulla. 
Its functions are (a) to transmit motor impulses and sensory 
impressions from and to the cerebrum ; (b) as centers which 
convert impressions into conscious sensations and originate 
motor impulses, independent of intellectual processes, as 
instinctive reflex acts, such as the coordination of the auto- 
matic movements of walking, etc. 

The Medulla Oblongata is the upper and large part of 
spinal cord, one and one-half inches in length, three-fourths of 
an inch in breadth, and one-half inch in thickness. Its partic- 
ular functions are : 

1. As a conductor (a) of sensitive impressions upward 
from the cord to the cerebrum : (b) of voluntary impulses from 
the cerebrum to the cord and nerves ; (c) of coordinating im- 
pulses from the cerebellum. 

2. As an independent reflex center presiding over — a, 
mastication ; b, the secretion of saliva ; c, sucking and swal- 
lowing ; d, vomiting ; e, speech ; /, facial expression ; g, heart 
action ; h, the contraction and dilation of the blood vessels; i, 
the disease diabetes ; j, respiration and its modifications, laugh- 
ing, sighing, sobbing, sneezing, etc. ; k, convulsive move- 
ments ; I, closing the eyelids, and dilation of the pupils ; m, 
sweating. 



76 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 








FIG. 30. NERVES OF THE BODY. 



THE BRAIN". 



77 



The Spinal Cord is from sixteen to eighteen inches in 
length, one-half inch in thickness, weighs one and one-half 
ounces, cylindrical in shape, divided into two lateral halves 
composed of white matter on the exterior and gray matter on 




A • Cerebrum. 
B. Cerebellum. 
D. Spinal cord. 

Hemispheres of cerebrum. 

Cerebellum. 

Olfactory nerve. 

Optic nerve. 

Third pair to muscles of eyes. 

Pons varolii. 




Fourth pair to oblique muscles of 
the eyes. 
10. Medulla. 

12. Spinal nerves. 

13. Bronchial plexus to muscles of 
<kin and arms. 



14. Lumbar and sacral plexuses. 

FIGS. 31 AND 32. SIDE AND REAR VIEW OF BACK BONE, BRAIN 
AND NERVES. 

interior, and surrounded by three membranes — the Dura-mater, 
Arachnoid and the Pia Mater. The functions of the cord are, 
(a) to transmit impressions to, and volitions from, the brain ; 
{b) to act as independent centers of reflex activity. 



78 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Reflex is a mode of action supposing a feeling surface, a 
sensory nerve, a nerve center, a motor nerve and a muscle. 
The sentient surface receives the impression which the sensory 
nerve transmits to the nerve center, from which the motor 
nerve communicates a command to the muscle. Keflex acts may 
be normal, such as deglutition, coughing, sneezing, walking, 
and the like ; or diseased, such as lock-jaw, vomiting, epilepsy, 
etc. Another function of the cord is as a conductor of coor- 
dinating impulses from the brain ; that is, the balancing power 
of different muscles, by which walking and other complex 
movements are carried on, and the results of perceptions, 
emotions, volitions and origination are achieved. 

DEGENERATIONS. 

The complex processes of organized life may take on retro- 
grade movements, which are degenerations. 

Sub-oxidation. — One of the most common and most 
fatal of these is sub-oxidation, which consists in the absorption 
by the blood in inhalation of a less amount of oxygen than the 
processes of nutrition and elimination require for normal 
accomplishment. This point will be elaborated under the 
head of diet. 

Sub-nutrition is when the nutritive elements of the 
food are either deficient in quantity, or imperfectly assimilated 
through deficient absorption or by sub-oxidation. This point 
will also be further considered under diet. 

Ab-secretion is when the secreting function is imper- 
fectly performed or its product is abnormal, as in deficient 
pepsin in the gastric fluid, or an excess of hydrochloric acid 
in the same. 

Ab-excretion is when the excretory organs throw off 
too little or too much, or the character of the excretion is 
changed, as in Bright's disease and diabetes, and in uric acid 
urine. 

Ab-circulation is when an undue proportion of blood 
centers in one part, the excess vacating another part, as in the 
gorged brain and cold extremities of apoplectic seizures. 



DEGENERATIONS. 



79 



3Ial-generations is when the nutrient materials in the 
blood, that are designed to build up new tissues, having too 
little vitality to accomplish that, generate instead, an inferior 
order of germ life ; just as infertile soil grows weeds instead 
of grain. 

GENERATION. 

This implies sexes and respective organs of pro-creation, 
the functions of which are conception, gestation, maternity 
and lactation, all of which will be duly considered in the parts, 
Manhood and Womanhood. 




FIG. 32. THE VISCERA IN POSITION. 



:e^l:r,t hi. 

THE DIGESTION. 



ITS ORGANS AND PROCESSES. 



•Salivary Digestion: Gastric Digestion — Pepsin, Hydrochloric 
Acid ; Starches, Sugars and Fats, Mineral Salts. Pancreatic 
Digestion, Trypsin : Fats and Grape Sugar Absorbed 
Through the Lacteals, etc. — Table of Digestive Ferments — 
Amount of the Secretions — The Process of Digestion De- 
scribed — Chemistry of Digestion — Nutrition — The Process 
of Elimination. Its Products. D^ily Quantity, Exciting- 
Agents. What it Does, Character of Its Product Governed 
by its amount. Illustrative Table — Correct Dietary Scien- 
tifically ascertained. 

Digestion supposes something to digest. The old questions. 
"What shall I eat? What shall I drink? and wherewithal 
shall I be clothed?" are just as pertinent and just as pressing 
now as when, nearly 1900 years ago, the Xazarene taught a 
religious trust that recognized a Supreme Father's care, even 
in these common needs of common life. Yet the gist of the 
questions has changed, for it has reference now to 

A Right Selection, rather than to procurement, of 
those universal necessaries. In that right selection is the 
essence of practical wisdom. The foods thus selected consti- 
tute the chosen diet. 

Function of Digestion.— The proper consideration of 
diet necessarily presupposes some familiarity with the func- 
6 



82 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



tions of digestion. This may be defined as the chemical pro- 
cess which the food undergoes, under the control of vitality r 
in its transformation from its condition as a food into nutrient 
material, adapted to supply the growth and wastes of the ani- 
mal body, and maintain its heat and energy/ This process is 
conducted through several different stages, viz. ; 

1. Salivary Digestion, which consists in the change- 
which starch almost instantly undergoes in its conversion in 
the mouth, while being inixed by mastication with the saliva,. 




FIG. 



STRUCTURE OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 



The clusters of pouches and their ducts all emptying into the large 
duct or tube that discharges the fluid into the mouth. 

into maltose and dextrine, by means of the salivary diastase or 
ptyalin, which is an alkaline substance possessing this special 
kind of energy. 

The importance of this preliminary digestion may be seen 
from the fact that such a large proportion of starch enters into 
the composition of all the grains, leguminous seeds, the potato, 



THE DIGESTION. 83 

cassava, arrow root, tapioca, sago and the cellulose (the funda- 
mental material of the structure of plants), which, together, 
constitute a large part of the food of mankind. About 1500 
C. Cm's, or 48 ounces by weight, of saliva are secreted every 
twenty-four hours by each adult, to thus change the starch in 
his six pounds of food. 

The saliva diastase, or ptyalin, is also called a ferment, by 
which is meant, "An albuminoid repository of cell-force, 
detached from the cells, which possesses the property of decom. 
posing alimentary (food) compounds and reconstructing their 
elemants into other chemical compounds, without giving any 
thing material to, or taking anything material from, the sub- 
stances which they act upon." 

Any saliva that passes into the stomach is neutralized by 
' the acid of the gastric secretion. 

2. Gastric Digestion, otherwise known as stomach, 
or peptonic digestion, is the change which albuminous and 
fatty substances undergo in the stomach by the agency of pep- 
sin. These albumens are muscular flesh, casein of milk, and 
the white of the egg from the animal kingdom ; and gluten, 
legumin and albumin from the vegetable kingdom. 

The acid of the pepsin changes all nitrogenous albuminous 
substances into a uniform acid-albumin called syntonin ; the 
pepsin slowly gelatinizes a small part of the syntonin into 
propeptone, then into albumoses, and finally into a liquid, dif- 
fusible peptone. One grain of pepsin converts 2,000 to 6,000 
grains of albumin into peptones, and a discovery has just been 
made of a pepsin that will convert 30,000 grains of albumin to 
one of pepsin. 

The most of the albumin passes unchanged into the alka- 
line juice of the intestine. 

Pepsin is a ferment containing about 0.3 per cent, of hydro- 
chloric (muriatic) acid (Richet says 0.17), in loose combination 
with leucin, a chemical product, the use of which in the ani- 
mal economy is unknown. 

The starches, sugars and fats are unaffected in the stomach 
except that the nitrogenous envelope of the starch granule, or 



84 



THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 



oil globule, may be digested away and the starch or oil set 
free. The stomach digestion of the fats probably consists only 
in a slight decomposition, with a liberation of a small quantity 
of free fatty acid. 

Roberts holds that stomach digestion is aided by the salts 
that always exist in the food, such as acetates, malates, lac- 




0. (Esophagus. 

8. Stomach. 

L. Liver. 

M. Pyloris. 

/. Small intestines. 

G. Large intestines. 

P. Pancreas. 

N. Spleen. 

G. Gall-bladder. 



FIG. 84. THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. 



tates, butyrates, etc.. leaving their own organic acids, and 
uniting with the hydrochloric acid, thus setting free in the 
mass of the food lactic, malic, acetic and butyric acids. The 
importance of this fact will appear further on. 

Any pepsin that passes into the intestine in neutralized by 
the alkali of the intestinal juice. 



THE DIGESTION. 85 

g g S 2 g H htf » ^ qb y 

g 3- 2 £ S o> ^ ^ g f ff ra 



DC 



18 






; ?p hj H 




^3 


5 g © g, r 


■ -^ 


1 




p 




;k:^ 








^XK.?- 



p g S CD 




















p 


rr O 5 " 


~ 




IT. "' — 


a 


gp 








W BQ 


x 




~ 


p* 










X 






0B*I€ r 


x 


£ 


? in rc 2 ^ 


^ X 


153 










X 




— 3" ""* 


3 


~ 


J. 3* ^ 


55 5 o* 




— ■ 


2 " fl 










~ r. P 




P 


5 7TP 


— - 1 — 






n o) r* 










2.2 cd 






^ >- 








DD S o 1 






< 6 










rr:o 






~ c 


QD 3" • 






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o r: 


IE 






? 








3 






~ X 

~ 



*z 



X x CD 

-* cd a 

o x. p 



86 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Along the curves of the stomach and in the duodenum are 
glands known as Brunner's, the function of which will be seen 
in the table on the preceding page. 

3. Pancreatic Digestion also called intestinal, or 
tryptic digestion, is the change which the starch which may 
have eluded the salivary digestion, and the albumens that may 
not have been wholly transformed by peptonic digestion, and 
the fats (most of which have been but little changed by stom- 
ach digestion) undergo, by means of the alkaline ferment, tryp- 
sin, into peptones in the case of albumins; into dextrose in 
the case of starch ; and into fat emulsion and soaps in the case 
of fats. The soaps are formed by the glycerine and fatty acids 
of the fats dissociating and the acids combining with the alka- 
line bases of the bile and pancreatic juice. 

The fats and grape sugar are absorbed directly into the 
blood in an unaltered state through the little lacteals (mouths) 
that line the small intestines, and saponification takes place 
largely in the blood. 

One grain of diastase converts 2,000 grains of starch into 
sugar, according to ordinary estimates, but Roberts, upon the 
authority of Horace Brown, and by his own experiments, 
states that pancreatic diastase can transform 40,000 times its 
own weight of starch into dextrine and sugar. 

4. Systemic Digestion.— From this it appears that be- 
yond intestinal digestion there is what may be called a systemic 
digestion ; that is, a process of continued conversion of the 
food elements into final products throughout the whole physi- 
cal structure. 

According to Draper, more than twenty-one and one-half 
pounds of solvent secretions are poured daily into the abdomen 
to assist in the digestion, nutrition and elimination of two or 
three pounds of food (i. e., pure nutrients), and the wastes of 
the system, as follows : * 

Saliva, 3.30 pounds Pancreatic juice, 0.44 pounds 

Gastric juice, 14.08 " Intestinal juice, 0.44 " 

Bile, 3.30 " 



THE DIGESTION. 



87 



The Processes Described.— By even this brief survey 
of the digestive process, it will be seen that it is no simple 
work. 

To convert starch into maltose, the change runs succes- 
sively through eight varieties of dextrine. 




FIG. 35. ENLARGED VIEW OF PANCREAS. 

And surrounding organs, with part of stomach cut away. This and 
Fig. 32, on Page 80, show all the internal organs in their relative 
positions. 

To convert albumin into peptones, the acid pepsin must 
first be formed from the alkaline tissues. The pepsin contains 
0.3 per cent, of the strongest mineral acid, that its antiseptic 



88 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

effect may preserve the food from putrefaction. The acid is 
probably formed by the free carbonic acid that is always in 
the blood acting upon the chloride of sodium (common salt) 
which is also always in the blood, and setting free a small por- 
tion of its hydrochloric acid. 

The pepsin acting upon the albumins, a series of interme- 
diate change-products occur analagous to the dextrines in 
starch-digestion, before the end product, peptone, is formed ; 
but these are but very imperfectly understood. 

Then comes the mixture of the bile with whatever the 
stomach has passed on into the duodenum or small intestine. 
The bile is strongly alkaline, from the amount of carbonate of 
soda held in it, and also contains fats, soaps, and many organic 
and inorganic constituents. Its action is as an antiseptic in 
the upper part of the small intestine, while it aids the absorp- 
tion of fats in the other portions. 

The pancreatic secretion is also added to the duodenal 
mass of food passing on towards its last transformation, com- 
pleting the starch changes that the saliva-diastase failed to 
carry through. Also attacking the fats, which are really com- 
pound ethers (i. e. combinations of alcohol and glycerine, with 
stearic, palmitic or oleic acid), and splitting them up into gly- 
cerine and the fatty acids, which (by the aid of the carbonate 
of soda contained both in the pancreatic secretion and in the 
intestinal juice) are completely emulsified, ready to be absorbed 
by the intestinal lac teals and carried into the blood. 

The trypsin also seizes upon the albuminous substances 
which the stomach pepsin had failed to completely change 
into peptones, and by methods not understood, changes them 
into a number of different peptones. 

With all this there are often lactic and butyric acid fer- 
mentations, with all the chemical changes that they involve. 

Gas in the Bowels. — Partly as by-products of these pro- 
cesses, the intestines contain also — 



THE DIGESTION. 89 

Sulphuretted hydrogen gas, H,S. 



Carbonic acid gas, 


C0 2 . 




Nitrogen gas, 


N. 




Hydrogen gas. 


H. 




Marsh gas, 


CH 4 . 


;, rlre damp, 


Oxygen gas, 


0. 





Chemistry of Digestion.— The digestive tract is thus 
proved to be a veritable chemist's laboratory, in which both 
analytic and synthetic processes of the most elaborate kind are 
continually going forward, under the direction of the mysteri- 
ous master-genius, vitality, and elaborating therefrom the 
wonderful organisms of animal life. 

That elaboration can only be wrought as diet becomes the 
handmaid of vitality, and furnishes the requisite materials. 

Nutrition is the vital process by which the food, digested 
as already described, is taken up by the lacteals as chyle, and 
transferred to the blood, thence to the lungs to be vitalized by 
the absorption of the oxygen of respiration, thence to every 
minute tissue of the body to offer to it the pabulum which 
shall supply its wastes. 

Elimination. — But continued organization would be 
but another name for mammoth aggregation, were there no 
disorganization. 

Organized life consists in the balance of the two. 

But even a balanced disorganization, without adequate 
elimination, would be but a vast accumulation of debris. 

Hence excretion, which is physiological elimination, be- 
comes an important factor in the construction of a dietary 
based upon physiological needs. 

The Process of Elimination is the separation of the 
dead wastes and the useless or harmful substances in food, 
from the living tissues : and it is the function of the excreting 
organs to expel them from the system. 

The perspiration from the skin, carbonic acid gas from the 
lungs and skin, urine from the kidneys, and fecal matter from 
the bowels are the gross forms of excretion. 

In nutrition the oxygen of respiration unites with the car- 
bon and hydrogen of the food and consumed tissues, and form- 



90 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



carbonic acid and water, which escape through the lungs, skin 
and kindeys. 

All digested substances leave the body, as urea, carbonic 
acid and water. The urea is formed by the union of the oxy- 
gen with the nitrogen, and a part of the carbon and hydrogen 
of the food and tissues, and escapes only by the kidneys. 

ATWATEE THUS TABULATES THE DAILY EXCRETIONS. 



( Carbonic acid 
\ Water 
( Urea, etc. 
\ Minerals 
( Water 
Through bowels and kidneys, < Undigested 
( matters 



Through lungs and skin, 
Through the kidneys, 



Totals, 



38.8 ozs. 

12.7 " 
1.2 k ' 
0.7 " 

71.4 " 
1.4 " 



126.2 ozs. 



or 1100 grams 

or 361 

or 34 

or 20 

or 2024 

or 38 



or 3577 grams 



Deleterious and Poisonous Excretions.— Some of 

the excretions are intensely poisonous. They are formed in 
the body even in health, by the chemical changes which the 
nitrogen molecules undergo, commonly as the result of incom- 
plete oxidation. Between the albumen of food and the ex- 
creted urea, twenty-eight nitrogenous compounds have been 
discovered, some of which are deadly poisons. 

The Exciting' Agent, Oxygen.— All the foregoing 
processes of digestion and excretion are the results of chemi- 
cal changes in the food and its elements wrought by vital 
force. The chief factor, in each case, is a definite proportion 
of oxygen received through the blood from the lungs. 

What Oxygen Does — This oxygen produces a certain 
effect, governed by the amount taken into the system. For 
instance, take the albuminous group of foods represented by 
the white of egg or lean meat, which consist of carbon 72 
parts, hydrogen 112 parts, nitrogen 18 parts, oxygen 22 parts 
and sulphur one part, illustrated by the chemical formula 
C72H112N18O22S. In a state of normal health, an adult who eats 
such food, for every 139 parts of oxygen he takes into his 
blood, will convert the elements of this albuminous food into 
urea four parts, uric acid one part, creatinine two parts, car- 
bonic acid 55 parts, water 38 parts, sulphur one part, all of 



THE DIGESTION. 



91 



-which are excretive matters, and in a state of health are 
expelled from the system. This is the normal standard. It is 
secured by the inspiration of one pint of air 18 times every 
minute, which is about the average quantity inhaled by healthy 
adults. 

The Character of Its Product, Governed hy Its 
A in o vm t. — Now as the quantity of oxygen absorbed varies 
from this standard, the result of its work will vary. Thus 
when the greatest possible amount of oxygen is taken into the 
system, 154 parts of it will convert one part of the albuminous 
food (composed as above) into urea nine parts, carbonic acid 
63, water 37 and sulphur one part. This excess of urea indi- 
cates rapid waste of tissue, without disease products — the body 
burns instead of sickens. 

On the other hand, the absorption of only 76 parts of oxy- 
gen converts the above elements into urea only two parts, uric 
acid two, creatinine two, glucose five, carbonic acid 22, water 
10, sulphur one. This is the diabetic condition, kidneys over- 
worked for lack of sufficient fresh air or oxygen to properly 
act upon the food. 

Illustrative table, showing the excretory products resulting from 
the absorption into the system of varying quantities of oxygen: 







The 


proportion of oxygen named in the first 




Oxy 


column converts the albuminous foods above 




gen. 


described into the following number of 
parts of excretory products. 


Condition of the 


*£ 




rz 


fl 


o 






Other substances. 


body or system. 


~ . 




'v 


S 


- . 




— 


Those marked * are 




g s 


c5 


0g 

o 


°-*j 


z~ 
— — ' 


t 


~ 


deleterious; those 




X. s - 


U 


c8 




ca 


£7 


marked t are deadly 




~ ~ 


p 


;_, 


^j 


^»* 


m 


poisonous, and their 






~T 


1 


2~ 


~W 


"38" 


~T 


formation in the sys- 
tem is possible under 


Normal, 


1.,.. 


Gouty condition, or 
















certain conditions. 


rheumatism, 


13G 


2 


2 


2 


52 


40 


l 




Calculi (stone), 


















heart and nerve 


















troubles, 


129 


2 


2 


2 


38 


33 


l 


*Oxalic acid, 7 parts 


Atrophy of liver, 


















rickets, etc., 


94 


2 


2 


2 


31 


19 


l 


*Lactic acid, 7 parts 


Diabetes, 


76 


2 


2 


2 


22 


10 


l 


*Glucose, 5 parts 


Fever, diabetes, 


















chorea, etc.. 


67 


2 


2 


2 


21 


24 


1 


*Hippuric acid,4 parts 


( Sundry 


129 


2 


1 


1 


52 


36 


l 


tAmphi-creat'n, 1 pt.. 


'diseased 


122 


3 


1 


1 


49 


32 


i 


tLeucin l,santho-cre. 1 


(conditions, 


116 


1 


1 


1 


46 


33 


l 


tC ruso-creat'n , 2 parts 



92 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

The System Poisons Itself.— Prof. Wood points out 
that, as the result of this process of under oxidation, a list of 
nearly two hundred other ptomaines and leucomaines might 
be added, among them some of the most virulent poisons 
known. These poisonous products, as well as some not poison- 
ous, are called leucomaines, in distinction from somewhat sim- 
ilar products which are formed after death by putrefaction, 
called ptomaines. 

There can be no doubt that much human disease originates 
in these abnormal chemical processes of digestion and elimina- 
tion, hence farther reference will be made to this page in 
other parts of the book. 

From this survey how amazing is the process of digestion ! 
"What perils beset it at every step ! And how little wonder 
that so many suffer from derangement of the function ! 

Foods May Be Defined as those substances which, 
when taken into the animal body, furnish, by the normal pro- 
cesses of nutrition, some element necessary to support life. 

A perfect food is such a combination of food qualities in 
one substance as will furnish all the food elements necessary 
to support life in health and vigor. 

A Correct Dietary. — The scientific method of ascer- 
taining what is included in a correct dietary, is by analysis of 
the tissues to determine ivhat constructive elements are neces- 
sary, and by analysis of the excretions, approximate the amount 
of each that is needful to replace the daily waste. Comparing 
these results with experience, as recorded by competent observ- 
ers, deductions may be drawn that may be considered as prac- 
tically accurate. 



DIET. 
What, How Much, and When to Eat. 



Energy Expended — Amount of Oxygen Required — Units of 
Nutrition — The Kinds of Food Required — All Made up of 
Thirteen Elements — Average Composition of Foods — Pro- 
portions of Daily Supply — Foods as Usually Classified — 
Our Nomenclature — The Fiber-Foods — Fat-Foods — Force- 
Foods — Fixed-Foods — Oxygen-Food — Its Supreme Im- 
portance — Average Normal Demand per Day — How Far 
the People Fail — Two Reforms are Imperative — Subsidiary 
Foods — Tea — Coffee and Cocoa — Effects on Salivary Diges- 
tion — Effervescent Water, Vinegar, Wine and Brandy — 
Retardation of Digestion Beneficial — Mastication and Sali- 
vary Digestion — Food Value of Alcohol — Extractive Foods 
— The Amount of Food Materials Needed— Prof. Church's 
Dietary — Table of Food Elements Required in Different 
Circumstances — Similar Table — Conclusions Drawn From 
the Tables — American Waste — The Necessity for Dietaries 
— How to Make Dietaries — Rules to Work By — Nutrition 
not Goverened by Cost — Wrong Feeding and Disease. 

Working Table for the Construction of Dietaries. — Its 
Availability Illustrated— The Ideal Diet— Table of Defec- 
tive Diets — National Examples of Diet — Condensed Rules 
for the Preparation of Home Dietaries — General Principles 
of Correct Diets — Facts of Importance to Aid Right Eating. 

The animal body is a machine that is constantly expending 
energy in life-processes and in work. The steam engine can 

93 



94 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

only exhibit the force that is put into it in the fuel consumed. 
An engine with no fire has no power. 

The animal engine works incessantly ; for even in sleep 
the lungs must play and the heart must beat. That little beat- 
ing heart does 4,320 pounds of pumping work in eight hours 
sleep. Those lungs lift the bony ribs over 8,000 times in those 
hours of rest. The digestive and assimilative organs have run 
a chemico-vital laboratory through every square inch of the 
entire organism, every moment of those hours. The excretory 
functions have been pulling out of every tissue and expelling 
the waste materials that have been rendered useless by the 
preceding day's activities, every instant of that restful time. 
There must be fuel to feed such use of power. 

Hence, the practical questions are : 

What amount of energy is expended in every twenty-four 
hours in the vital processes and the work of the animal 
machine? 

What kind of materials is necessary to supply that energy? 

What amount of those materials is required? 

Inasmuch as the machine wastes with use, what kind of 
other materials is necessary to make good that loss ? 

What amount of those materials is required? 

Are there still other materials requisite ? 

1. Energy Expended.— All molecules of food are 
burned or oxidized, by the action upon them of a definite num- 
ber of oxygen atoms, into the ultimate forms in which all food 
escapes from the system, namely : Urea, uric acid, creatinine, 
carbon dioxide, water, or a sulphuric acid-forming compound. 
Different elements require for their reduction different propor- 
tions of oxygen. But the average of 750 grams (or 1,17$ 
pints) of oxygen has been fixed upon as the daily number 
required by each adult person. (See Dr. Porter, Merck's Bul- 
letin, Dec, '92, p. 732.) This process of reduction in the human 
machine, as in the engine, develops both heat and energy, or 
work. 

Work Done.— In each twenty-four hours, Mr. Kendrick: 
estimates the physical work done by the heart and circulation 



DIET. 



95 



THE POTENTIAL EXERGT OF FOOD. 



CALORIES IN THE NUTRIENTS IN ONE POUND OF EACH FOOD-MATERIAL. 



Beef, round, rather lean '807 

Beef, neck «o8" 

Beef, sirloin, rather fat v . 1173 

Beef, flank, very fat..- 3750 

Beef, side, well fattened 1463 

Mutton, leg 114* 

Mutton, shoulder 1281 

Mutton, loin (chops) 1755 

Mutton, side, well fattened 1906 

Smoked nam 1960 

Pork, very fat 3452 

Flounder. . .-. 286 

Cod 3'° 

Haddock'. , 33* 

Bluefish 4°4 

Mackerel, rather lean 430 

Mackerel, very fat io»6 

Mackerel, average , 696 

Shad 750 

Salmon , 967 

Salt cod » ....... 416 

Salt mackerel 1364 

Smoked herring 1343 

Canned salmon ....* 1036 

Oysters.. •» «9 

Hens' eggs ; 760 

Cows' milk 308 

Cows' milk, skimmed 176 

Cheese, whole milk 3044 

Cheese, skimmed milk 1166 

Butter 369* 

OIeomr*^rine... 3679 

Wheat flour.. , 1655 

Wheat bread ~ 1278 

Rye flour... „ 16x4 

Beans...'.. 1519 

Pease... v 1476 

Oatmeal.......... 1830 

Cora (maize) meal .-. x6x6 

Rice 1627 

Sugar ^ 1798 

Potatoes , . . 427 

Sweet Potatoes , 416 

Turnlft ._,...; 139 



The potential energy represents simply the fuel^ value of the food, and hence is only an 
incomplete measure of its whole nutritive value. Besides serving as fuel, our food has other 
uses, one of which is, if possible, still more jmportant.Taamely, that of forming and repairing the 
tissues of the body, the parts of the machine. 



W. O. Atwatbr. 



<C%ntury Magazine. 

Reprinted by consent. 



90 THE SEuKET OF HEALTH. 

of the blood at 50,400 kilogrammeters ; the work of respira- 
tion, 11,700 ; that of eight hours mechanical work, 125,000 ; 
total, 187,100. 

Heat Produced.— He adds 620,000 more expended in 
heat production ; that is, in keeping up the circulation. This 
makes a total of 807,000 kilogrammeters, or 5,800,000 foot 
pounds. In other words, the energy expended and work done 
in keeping up the animal body and heat is, in an adult, daily 
equal to the power required to lift 5,800,000 pounds weight one 
foot from the ground, if it could be directed to the production 
of mechanical power, as in the steam engine, and without 
waste. It will also be seen that the production of heat (called 
heat equivalence) employs five times as much energy as the 
entire mechanical work done in eight hours labor. Dr. Lees 
says that a very strong man generates every day a measure of 
heat sufficient to lift 18,500,000 foot pounds. Life implies heat, 
for heat is the great condition of change. Snow vanishes from 
the surface of vegetation before it does from the naked soil, 
because vegetation is alive. 

The Units of Nutrition. — Prof. Atwater, following 
Frankland, Stahmann, Rechenberg, Danilewsk and Eubner 
has presented the matter in the form of " Units of Nutrition," 
thus : Four thousand calories of heat are expended every 
twenty-hours, in the human body. Therefore, the vital ques- 
tion is to select food that will yield that amount of heat. 

The methods lead to the same practical result, so far as 
the necessary supply of heat-food is concerned, the difference 
being that the oxygen method is based upon the normal 
amount of oxygen, and measures the food by the oxygen 
required for its complete reduction, while the heat method is 
based upon the normal heat, and measures the food by its 
heat-producing power. 

But the medical aspect of the diet question is most pro- 
foundly affected by the quantity of oxygen required. There- 
fore we shall use both systems. 

Eleven hundred and seventy-three pints of oxygen, evolv- 
ing 4,000 calories (6,120 foot tons), one calory making 1.53 foot 



DIET. 9T 

ions of heat from the food consumed every twenty-four hours, 
is the average demand of the human organism. 

This immense physiological expenditure of force is best 
seen by noting the fact that three hundred foot tons is deemed 
a fair average of mechanical work for laboring men. Our 
non-laboring readers may best appreciate this day's work by 
the fact that in walking on a level a man does work equivalent 
to raising one-twentieth of his weight to a height equal to the 
distance walked ; e. g. , a ten-mile level walk is about equal to 
raising 200 tons one foot. Therefore, the laborer's day's work 
is equal to a walk of 15 miles. If the 6,120 foot-tons of energy 
generated every day could all be expended in walking the dis 
tance traversed in 24 hours would be about 306 miles. 

The Kind of Food required to yield that enormous 
amount of energy, is most important : yet if this were the 
only question, practical dietaries could be easily prepared. 
But our body-machine, like the engine, wastes in work, and 
the wastes must be re-supplied. As it will not do to replace an 
iron bolt in the engine with a wooden pin, so in the body, the 
wear and loss must be replaced by that of its own kind. 

THE KINDS OF ELEMENTS IX A BODY WEIGHIXG 148 POUNDS. 

Carbon, 31.3 pounds. 

Oxygen, 92.4 " 

Hydrogen, 14.6 " 

Nitrogen, 4.6 " 

Calcium, 2.8 " 

Phosphorus, 1.4 " 

Potassium. 0.34 " 

Sulphur, 0.24- " 

Chlorine, 0.12 

Sodium, 0.12 " 

Magnesium, 0.04 " 

Iron, 0.02 " 

Fluorine. 0.02 



Thirteen Elements weighing 148. pounds. 

These thirteen elements exist in the form of the five 
compounds : 

Water. 90. pounds. 

Protein, 26.6 " 

Fats. 23.0 " 

Carbohydrates. 0.1 '• 

Mineral salts, 8.3 " 

148.0 pounds. 

These compounds are made up of the five gases, oxygen, 
hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and fluorine ; and the eight solids, 



98 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



of which iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium 
are metals, and carbon, phosphorus and sulphur are non-nie- 
talic. (There are also minute portions of silicon, manganese 
and copper, but these are not deemed essential constituents of 
the body.) 

Hence, wherever any waste occurs in any one or any num- 
ber of these elements, the food must re-supply it. Therefore, 

Foods have been Classified by Bunge, as, 

1. Those which supply energy and can replace exhausted 
constituents, — proteids and fats. 

2. Those which supply energy only, — carbohydrates, gela- 
tine and oxygen. 

3. Those which repair waste only, and furnish no energy T 
— water and mineral salts. 

Ordinarily, these classes are mixed in various proportions 
in different foods. But of these three classes of foods, 



THE AVERAGE COMPOSITION IS: 



Class of food. 


Carbon. 
53. per et. 
76.5 " 
44. " 


Hydrogen. 


Oxygen. 


Nitrogen. 


Protein, 
Fats, 

Carbohydrates, 


7. per ct. 
12. " 
6. " 


24. per ct. 
11.5 " 
50. •« 


16. per ct. 

none. 

none. 



The Average Body Contains, of protein, 18 per cent, 
(consisting of albuminoids 11 per cent., gelatinoids 6 per cent., 
and extractives 1 per cent.,) fats 16 per cent., and carbohydrates 
less than 1 per cent. 

The Food Needed to sustain the wastes of the average 
body just mentioned, and the composition of this food, have 
been carefully computed by Prof. Atwater, who finds that the 
average daily diet for this purpose should consist of the follow- 
ing foods, or those furnishing a like amount of the various 
food compounds. 

DAILY FOOD REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN THE WASTES OF THE SYSTEM. 

Lean beefsteak (no bone), 8 ounces. 

Bread, 20 " 

Potatoes, 30 " 

Butter, 1 " 

Water, 37 

Oxygen, 30 " 



DIET. 



99 



A^EEAGE COMPOSITION" OF COMMON FOODS, 

Reprinted, by consent, from Edward Atkinson's "Science of Nutrition,' 



Carbohydrates. 




Computed aod Drawn by Mrs. Ellen H. Richards. 



100 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

These seven and seven-eighths pounds of food contain : 

Protein, 4.2 ounces, or 118 grams. 

Fats, 2.0 " or 56 

C. Hyd., 17.6 " or 500 " 

Minerals, 0.8 " or 24 " 

Water, 71.4 " or 2,024 " 

Oxygen, 30.2 " or 855 " 

Totals, 126.2 ounces, or 3,577 grams. 

The metamorphosis of tissue that the doctors talk so much 
about as a necessary factor of health, is the process of wear 
and replacement. 

When the engine wears to a certain point, it must be sent 
to the repair shop to have the worn bolts, etc., replaced. 

The Repair Shop Within. — The human engine carries 
its repair shop within itself, and replaces as the wear occurs. 
It may be brass, iron or steel that is needed in the engine. It 
may be one, or another kind of food in the animal. 

Foods as Usually Classified.— Proteids, fats and 
carbohydrates have been named. These are called by differ- 
ent writers : 

1. Proteids, or albumens, albuminoids, nitrogenous, tis- 
sue-foods, C H O N S, repair foods, essential foods. 

2. Fats, or hydrocarbons, and carbohydrates. 

3. Carbohydrates, or C H O, non-nitrogen ized, starch- 
foods force-foods. 

4. Mechanical foods, water and mineral salts. 

It is impossible to draw sharp lines of distinction between 
the carbohydrates, fats and proteids as they exist in foods, 
because they are so often combined in the same article. Yet 
some articles consist so largely of one kind that they may be 
somewhat loosely thus classed. 

Our Nomenclature.— To prevent confusing our read- 
ers, we shall call the proteids fiber-foods, the fats fat-foods 
(although usually grouped under the carbohydrates), the carbo- 
hydrates force-foods, and the mechanical foods fixed foods. 

The Fiber-foods have the following characteristics : 

1. They consist of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen 
and sulphur. 



DIET. 101 

2. They cannot be formed in the body by the union of 
the elements of other foods with free nitrogen. 

3. They only can repair the wastes of tissues consisting 
of nitrogen, such as blood, muscles, sinews, skin and the vital 
organs. Muscle contains one twenty-seventh its weight of 
nitrogen. 

4. When consumed, about 20 per cent, of them are not 
assimilated. 

5. While they cannot be formed from other foods, they 
form the fats of the tissues, and yield both heat and force. 

6. They are expelled from the system, as urea, uric acid, 
creatinin, carbon-dioxide, water, and a sulphuric acid-forming 
compound. 

7. Carniverous animals require daily one-twentieth of 
their weight of them in the form of lean meat. 

8. They only can support life through long periods. 

9. They consist chiefly of the albumen, white of egg, 
casein of milk, myosin of lean meat and fish, ossein of bone, 
gluten of grains and legumen of peas, beans, etc. 

10. They are the most expensive kind of food. 

11. About 26.6 per cent, of the body is made from them. 

12. They consume 3.15 grams of oxygen per 100 grams of 
proteid. 

13. Of the animal fiber-foods, 96 per cent, are absorbed. 
while of the vegetable only 70 to 80 per cent., and sometimes 
only 60 per cent. , are absorbed. 

14. They are the plastic material out of which our living 
structures are reared, and are always present in the primitive 
cells and seeds of life. 

The Fat-Foods have these characteristics : 

1. They are first consumed in the process of digestion. 

2. They yield heat, or force, interchangeably. 

3. They are particularly necessary in low temperature. 

4. They lubricate and cushion the bones, muscles, etc. 

5. They are a store of heat and force. 

6. They, are expelled as carbon-dioxide and water. 



102 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

7. They cannot sustain life without the fiber-foods. 

8. The animal fats are absorbed, unchanged by digestion, 
and produce heat and energy within the blood current. 

9. The fat contains one-tenth its weight of glycerine. 

10. They may be formed from all three classes of food. 

11. The vegetable fats are split up into a fatty acid and 
a glucose in the process of digestion. The acid then unites 
with the soda in the alimentary canal and forms hard soap, 
which is a natural laxative. 

12. An excess of fat food increases the working forces. 
Killnor has proved that a horse fed with six and one-half 
ounces of linseed oil each day is able to do 646,000 pounds 
more work than without it. 

13. They comprise about 16 per cent, of the weight of an 
average man. 

14. They consist of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. 

15. They consume 2.8 grams of oxygen per 100 grams 
of fats. 

16. They also assist in the digestion of the fiber and 
force foods. 

17. They cannot be resorbed by the system beyond the 
quantity necessary to replace the carbon consumed by the oxy- 
gen of respiration. 

The Force-Foods have the following characteristics : 

1. In the body they constitute less than one per cent., 
and consist mainly of glycogen — liver-sugar, and inosite — mus- 
cle-sugar. 

2. They consist of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, the 
same as the fat-foods, but in different proportions. 

3. They are found in the starches, sugars, dextrines, 
gums, etc. 

4. They yield heat and force interchangeably. 

5. They are particularly needed for force. 

6. They cannot sustain life long without the fiber-foods. 
A dog will soon starve to death on bread from superfine flour, 
but will live comfortably on graham bread. 



DIET. 103 

7. They consume less oxygen, molecule for molecule, 
than either of the other foods, but their affinity for it is 
greater, hence they are oxidized before the fiber-foods are. 
They require 1.07 grams of oxygen per 100 grams of force 
foods. 

8. The system loses a large percentage of energy in pre- 
paring the digestive fluids by which they are fitted for ab- 
sorption. 

9. They are changed into fats, and consumed as fuel. 

10. Seventeen parts by weight, of starch, are equal, as 
oxidizable food, to ten parts of fat. 

Fixed Foods. — 1. Mineral Matters. — As these comprise 
6 per cent, of the whole weight of the body, 30 per cent, of the 
bones, and one per cent, of the flesh and blood, mineral salts 
to the extent of one ounce a day, are also required as food. 
The need is shown particularly by the fact that all animal and 
vegetable tissues, and in every cell two complex organic com- 
pounds are found which are very rich in phosphorus, namely, 
lecithin and nuclein : hence, these compounds must be consid- 
ered as essential food substances, particularly since the first 
exists in milk. The nucleins contain from 3.2 to 9.6 per cent, 
of phosphorus. 

As milk contains from seven to fourteen times less iron 
than other foods, and as the new born animal's liver contains 
from five to nine times as much iron as in the mature, it might 
hastily be assumed that iron is not a food element. But Bunge 
has shown, on the basis of BischofFs and Schmidt's estimates, 
that the blood of a man weighing 154 pounds contains from 37 
to 41 grains of iron. But as most vegetables contain from one- 
half to two per cent, of minerals, the need is ordinarily sup- 
plied without special care. 

2. Water. — About 75 per cent, of the muscles, and from 
61 to 70 per cent, of the entire body consists of water ; hence, 
large quantities of this element are necessary. 

The mineral salts and water are termed mechanical foods, 
because they enter and pass out of the body unchanged. We 
call them fixed foods for the same reason. 



104 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Oxygen Food. — Every molecule of food requires a cer- 
tain number of oxygen atoms, to reduce it by chemical changes 
to the ultimate forms in which all food escapes from the sys- 
tem, namely, urea, uric acid, creatinine, carbon-dioxide, water 
and a sulphuric acid-forming compound. See table on Page 91; 

The oxygen is just as important as the other food elements, 
because without it in due proportion, neither can the food be 
worked up into appropriate blood -plasma for the tissues, nor 
can the wastes be removed from the system. 

Hence the question, " What shall I eat?" must be answered 
not only in a specified number of ounces per day of the fiber, 
fat, force and fixed foods, but also in a definite number of 
oxygen atoms, as well; for, if the oxygen be deficient, the 
force-foods will exhaust it, to a greater or less extent, thus 
leaving the fiber-foods to undergo deleterious changes, as will 
hereafter be shown. 

The Diminished Use of Oxygen.— The tendency of 
civilized life is towards a diminished consumption of oxygen. 
As indoor and sedentary employments multiply, homes in- 
crease in "modern improvements," means of travel become 
more effeminate, outdoor life is relegated to the essentially 
outdoor occupations, and clothing becomes more luxurious, 
the oxygen absorbed by the average citizen approaches the 
minimum amount with which nature can run the human 
mechanism. 

Hence it becomes specially necessary to adjust the diet quite 
as much to the oxygen supply received, as to the heat and tissue 
waste suffered. 

Supreme Importance of Oxygen.— It is impossible 
to overestimate the importance of this phase of the subject : 
hence we give it special consideration, and particularly in 
view of the fact that it will prove the key to much of the med- 
ical and hygienic matter of this book. 

The average normal demand per day for oxygen must be 
the basis for just comparisons and practical rules. Authorities 
have been cited, by writers upon the subject, whose estimates. 



UIET. 105 

reduced to a common standard of pints of oxygen (0,54 grams 
to a pint), are as follows : 

Pettinkofer and Voit calculate that from 7 to 11 cubic centigrams of 
oxygen are required to every gram of weight. Take 9 centigrams as 
the average, and 140 pounds as the weight; this would be 10.585 pints 
per day of oxygen required by an adult in a healthy state. 

Menries— 837 pounds of oxygen taken from the atmosphere each 
year. This gives 1,925 pints per day. 

Preyer— One gram of haemoglobin can only hold 1.27 cubic centi- 
grams of oxygen in combination. Allowing 226 grams of haemoglobin 
in the blood, that gives about 1.4 pints of saturation at any instant, 
which is being changed and renewed at the rate of one cubic inch 18 
times a minute, or about 748 pints in 24 hours. But no allowance is 
made here for the tissue absorption of oxygen. It is absorbed through 
the walls of the blood vessels as it goes, and the haemoglobin which is 
in muscles (as proved by Kiihne and Ray Lamkester), being an oxygen- 
carrier there, as well as in the blood (Bunge, Page 397), an indefinite 
quantity of oxygen may be thus transferred from the blood stream. 
It is known that oxygen diffuses in the tissues of the stomach, of the 
salivary glands and of the placenta; it therefore seems reasonable to 
conclude that oxygen is absorbed by other tissues also, to an unknown 
extent. 

Hiifner, Marshall and Bunge— There are 2.6 grams of iron in the 
blood of a man weighing 140 pounds. About three parts of oxygen 
combine with one of iron. This is 14 pints of saturation at any 
instant, but constantly changing, as in Preyer's estimate, giving 762 
pints in 24 hours, besides what may be absorbed directly through the 
blood vessels. 

P. Quinquad— The blood can absorb normally 240 cubic centimeters 
of oxygen to every 1000 grams of blood. This gives 4.60 pints each third 
of a minute, and 19,872 pints per day, on the assumption that its whole 
supply is changed every round of the circulation. 

Brubaker— One inch of oxygen remains in the lungs at each inspi- 
ration. Hence 25,920 cubic inches, or 748 pints, are needed in 24 hours. 

No inquiry is made just here as to whether it is the oxygen 
from respiration alone, or including that contained in the food 
(of which there is an average of 572 pints per day consumed), 
respecting which the above estimates are made ; for the dis- 
crepancies are so great that in this particular no reliance can 
be placed upon the authorities named. So let us try a differ- 
ent plan of getting at the amount of oxygen needed. 



106 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Chemical Analysis has shown, so it is affirmed, that 
the respired air has lost 20 per cent, of its oxygen while in 
contact with the lungs. Allowing 28.875 cubic inches, or one 
pint 18 times a minute, as the average inspiration of air, one- 
fifth of which is oxygen, of which oxygen one-fifth is absorbed, 
and 1036 pints of oxygen is the daily quantity consumed, 
which equals but 560 gramms. 

Chemical analysis has also shown that the reduction of a 
normal quantity of food-stuffs to their excrementitious pro- 
ducts requires an average of 802 grams of oxygen. This 
conclusion is reached by averaging the authorities, as repre- 
sented by Dr. Porter and Prof. Atwater, the first a physician, 
the second a chemist. 

Dr. Porter's statement is that the entire oxygenating capacity of 
man is less than 832 grams, and that 750 grams are normally inspired. 

Prof. Atwater says 855 grams are the average inspired, closely fol- 
lowing the average of Prof Ranke's experiments that showed 857 
grams as the intake, with liberal food both at rest and at work. 

Dr. Porter's possible increase is 82 grams. Giving Prof. Atwater a 
proportionate increase, or 93 grams, and averaging the two, gives 87 
grams as the possible normal increase. 

The Margin of Oxygen.— Hence we conclude that the 
adult body in health must have 802 grams (or 1,485 pints) of 
oxygen daily, and that 887 grams (or 1,642 pints) may be used. 
This margin of 87 grams (or 161 pints) of oxygen is therefore 
all that exists within the domain of health to meet the end- 
lessly varied conditions of human life. 

The Value of This Margin. — It becomes, therefore, 
a question of vital importance to determine the precise value 
of these 87 grams of reserve oxygen in quantitative respirations. 

If the minimum 802 grams is obtained by 25,920 respirations, 
or 18 every minute, then each respiration must equal 1.3 pints, 
or 38.5 cubic inches of pure air. By the same ratio the 87 
grams will require 2811 respirations. 

Therefore, to reach the fullest oxygenating capacity of the 
system, we have only to increase the respirations 119 per hour, 
or about two respirations a minute. 



DIET. 107 

Hence, any excess beyond 20 respirations a minute is fruit- 
less panting after an unattainable good, unless there be defi- 
ciency of lung capacity that makes the more frequent breath- 
ing in a measure equivalent to the loss. 

To Under-Oxygenate is Easier.— On the other hand, 
in order to under-oxygenate the system, all that is necessary 
is to drop out one respiration a minute ; or, cut down each of 
the 25,920 respirations from one and one-third pints to one 
pint of pure air ; or to breathe the usual number of respira- 
tions, but in bad air that lacks its proper allowance of oxygen ; 
or to convey into the body an excess above the normal amount 
of food of, say three to four ounces in 24 hours, for a person 
weighing 140 pounds. 

The Balanced Poles.— In view of this, eating and 
breathing mast be regarded as the balanced poles of a vibrating 
mechanism, which can work harmoniously only as that balance 
is maintained. It is all-important to ascertain precisely what 
that balance is. 

The Fundamental Point.— Practically, the funda- 
mental point is that every 802 grams of oxygen required for 
the reduction of the food consumed by every person, demands, 
upon peril of his health, the average inspiration of one and 
one-third pints of air 18 times every minute. 

Why is this so? Because the carbon which the food sup- 
plies, and which is the product of the vital changes, clogs and 
poisons the system. But, meeting the oxygen absorbed in res- 
piration, the carbon combines with the oxygen to form car- 
bonic acid gas, which is expelled at the next expiration. Thus 
the worn-out tissue is dissolved and removed. But if the oxy- 
gen be deficient, the eliminating process fails, and in the pres- 
ence of the effete matter retained, the normal reduction of the 
food becomes an impossibility. 

How Far the People Fail.— How does this fact cor- 
respond with the actual respirations of the people? Turning 
back to Page 103, we find that 25.920 respirations a day yielded 
but 560 grams, a deficiency of 242 grams, according to the 



108 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ordinarily accepted estimation. Here is a lack of nearly one- 
third, showing that under-oxidation is the common experience. 
Let us try another estimate. 

How Far College Students Fail.— By the kindnes^ 
of Miss M. Anna Wood, physical examiner for Wellesley 
Female College, Massachusetts, we have been furnished with 
tables of the examinations of 1,500 students of that college. 
From these, we extract the following averages: Age 19.10 
years ; weight, 119.4 pounds ; height, 5 feet, three inches ; 
girth of chest, 28.8 inches; girth of chest when full, 31.4 
inches ; chest expansion, 2.2 inches ; depth of chest, 6.9 inches ; 
lung capacity, 150.3 cubic inches. 

Taking the graduating class of 1891, numbering 104, as 
fully average, we find these results : Average hours of daily 
outdoor exercise before entering college, one and three-fourths 
hours. Almost one-third of the number had poor or indiffer- 
ent health. Nearly half of them were nervous before entering, 
and 60 per cent, were nervous before graduation. Less than 
four per cent were sleepless before entering ; 27 per cent, were 
sleepless before graduation. These may fairly be assumed to 
represent the large army of female teachers, students, indo- 
lents and sedentaries, as to lung capacity. 

The Air of Respiration is divided by physiologists, 
into : a. Tidal — That which passes in and out in quiet breath- 
ing, 20 to 30 cubic inches. 6. Complemental — That which can 
be drawn in by a forced inspiration, 110 cubic inches, c. Re- 
serve — That which remains after ordinary expiration, but 
which can be expelled by forced expiration, 100 cubic inches. 
d. Residual — That which cannot be expelled, 100 cubic inches. 
The combined tidal, complemental and reserve measure the 
the lung capacity, which in a person 5 feet 7 inches, is 230 
cubic inches. It increases or diminishes 8 cubic inches for 
every inch in stature above or below that height. 

We Don't Get Oxygen Enough.— One-ninth of the 
lung capacity is tidal air ; and 260 cubic inches capacity repre- 
sents one pint of tidal air. Therefore, the ordinary estimate 



DIET. 109 

■for males and females both, of one pint of air at each respira- 
tion, requires 260 cubic inches lung capacity. Yet 230 inches is 
laid down in the books as the normal average for a person 5 
feet 7 inches in height. Now 260 inches being the average for 
both sexes, it is too high for females alone, and too low 
for males, the difference being about 25 per cent. That would 
raise the average for men to 292 inches, and reduce the average 
for women to 227 inches. But the figures for the 1,500 Welles- 
lev students show an average of only 150 inches, which is 77 
inches short of the normal oxygen demand. May not this 
account for a large part of the ill health, sleeplessness and 
nervousness named in Miss Wood's statistics? 

Bad as this showing is, it is still far short of the truth ; for 
these 260 inches yield but 560 grams of oxygen, or 1,037 pints, 
while our average (from Porter and Atwater) demands 802 
grams, or 1,485 pints, which would require an average lung 
capacity of 372 inches, or for men 418 inches, and for women 
326 inches. 

But such average capacity is simply impossible. There- 
fore, the results of chemical analyses are entirely misleading 
as to the amount of oxygen needed in the process of digestion ; 
or, the system has methods of securing it otherwise than by 
respiration ; or, a much greater quantity is inspired than the 
ordinary estimates allow. 

The latter seems the more probable supposition, especially 
in view of our own experiments made with the spirometer 
with both sexes and of different ages, which, while not numer- 
ous enough to prove a general average, did suggest one-seventh 
as the normal proportion of tidal air, instead of one-ninth. 

Accepting, for the moment, this ratio, it would make com- 
plete oxygenation of food easily possible upon the basis of an 
average lung capacity of 260 cubic inches, or 227 inches for 
females. 

In either case, it but emphasizes all the more the necessity 
for free ventilation, so strongly insisted upon in this work. 

The Oxygen Supply Reduced. — Inactivity and seden- 
tary habits reduce the oxygen supply in three ways : 



110 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

1. The lack of molecular activity in the muscles gives a feeble call 
for oxygen to effect molecular metamorphosis; that is, the atomic 
changes which accompany all generation and expenditure of force. 

2. The blood, taking up all the oxygen that the tissues call for,, 
absorbs but little to meet the feeble call. 

3. The under-absorption fails to give proper stimulus to the lungs ; 
hence under-breathing is the necessary physiological result. 

To this may be added the danger of over-feeding, from the habitual 
effort of cooks to coax the appetite by savory dishes, and the common 
custom of loading the table with a variety of viands thus temptingly 
prepared. 

In the case of the Wellesiey students, we should add the alarming 
fact that of the graduating class of 104 persons, 17 had a marked hered- 
itary tendency to consumption and scrofula, and seven to heart dis- 
ease, making nearly one in four. Surely the future of that class of 
refined and cultured girls is sadly shadowed! Nor is there reason to 
believe that their experience is exceptional. 

Twenty-five per cent, of invalidism is therefore the seeming out- 
look for America's most gifted daughters. Nor is this relieved by the 
possibility of individual escape from the active results of hereditary 
entailment, for the class illnesses already cited show that its average 
health was far below normal, notwithstanding the excellent results 
from the physical training received. 

Three Reforms Are Imperative.— 1. To recognize 
the relation between lung capacity and perfect digestion. 
Almost every other point in physical culture has been elabo- 
rated ; but, as admitted in personal correspondence with us by 
some of the leading physical educators of the country, this is 
new to them. Yet, in reality, it lies at the very foundation of 
a true, scientific development of perfect manhood. 

2. To secure as much breathing capacity as possible, and 
habitual use of that which is secured. 

3. To dress so as to make full breathing possible. A slen- 
der waist, out of proportion with hips and shoulders, ought to 
be deemed as unfortunate a possession for a girl, as a callow 
skin, flabby muscles and dark-circled eyes are for a man. 

But fettering skirts and constricting stays are more than 
fashionable, they stand for a sentiment. Nor is that sentiment 
modesty. It is absurd for the social etiquette that not only tol- 
erates, but demands an almost naked bust amid the exposures 



DIET. Ill 

and in the embraces of the dance, to claim that long skirts are 
the safeguard of modesty. The sentiment is gentility, as indi- 
cated by a life of ease ; hence, fetter the girl so that she cannot 
romp, and lace her until her breathing capacity is so reduced 
that the disposition to romp is eradicated; then — what next? 
Wifehood protesting against the crucifixion of motherhood ; 
motherhood laying its deforming hand upon its weak-chested 
progeny, and thus the damning sin writing itself in tlij >^ery 
wasp-waisted forms (and not unlikely wasp-disposition) of the 
progeny, until the time has come when woman's beauty is her 
deformity, and one of her chief est charms is her helplessness. 

Oxygen the Source of Vital Heat. — Here let us 
recall the statement that the chemical affinity which oxygen 
has for the elements of food, and the wastes of tissue, is the 
only source of vital heat, which, transformed into energy, is 
vital force. Hence, the possible vital force of any animal is 
measured by its normal heat production ; which, in turn, is 
dependent upon its oxygen consumption ; which, in its turn, 
is largely governed by its muscular activity. Therefore, to be 
muscularly inactive is to be under-oxygenated, physically 
weak, chemically poisoned, and more or less fatally diseased. 

The alternative is simple, but its horns are inexorable as 
fate — exercise, breathe, LIVE ! or drone, half breathe, DIE ! 
But with this alternative before us we must not lose sight of 

The Triple Counterpoise of Health.— Every adult 
in health has an average of 22.4 ounces of digesto- assimilative 
power, and 33.6 ounces of excrementitious power, or 56 
together. For their normal exercise, these require more than 
four cubic inches of respiratory power to each ounce. Hence, 
if the respiratory power falls below that number, these func- 
tions can be employed only to a corresponding degree. 

For example, if the respiratory power be only 180 instead of 230 
cubic inches, then the digestive and excretory functions can be safely 
burdened with only 45 instead of 56 ounces of food in 24 hours. And in 
order to perpetuate the health, the activities of life must be reduced 
in a corresponding ratio, or about one-fifth. 

Or, as in the case of the Wellesley students, if the respiratory 
power be only 150 cubic inches, then 37 instead of 56 ounces is all the 



112 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

food that can be safely taken, yielding about 2,600 calorics instead of 
the average 4,000 normally required. The effect that this must have 
upon their prospects in life, either in business in competition with 
men of full oxygenating capacity, or to endure the strain of wifehood 
and motherhood, can be easily estimated. 

Hankins attributes the germicidal quality of the healthy blood to 
a " defensive proteid" in the serum, belonging to the globulines. This 
can only be organized by oxygen. Doubtless it was by this that the 
two eminent scientists, Dr. Pettenkofer and Dri. Emmerich of Munich, 
were enabled, without harm, to eat the cholera bacilli, in order to test 
its effect upon their system. 

"So important is oxygen in the blood, that more than five per cent. 
is always found, even in venous blood, except in cases of asphyxia. 
And a body weighing 154 pounds consists of 97 pounds of oxygen." 
(N. Strogano.) 

Subsidiary, or Incidental Foods, are those which 
are neither sources of energy, nor possessed of reparative 
power, such as condiments and stimulants. They are declared 
by Bunge to be "As necessary to us as food itself is," because 
they so act upon the organs of sense as to produce agreeable 
sensations and augment the secretion of saliva, and probably 
also upon "all processes and movements involved in digestion 
and absorption." 

Tea. — The tea consumed annually in the world is estimated 
at 1,354,500,000 pounds. In 1890, 83,494,956 pounds, 1.33 
pounds per capita were consumed in the United States. This 
enormous consumption entitles tea to a careful examination 
of its merits as a food accessory. Roberts declares that the 
ordinary view which ascribes its deleterious qualities to its 
contained tannin, is erroneous, and that ten grains of bicar- 
bonate of soda to each ounce of dry leaves completely removes 
its real damage, namely as a deterrant of starch digestion. 

Effect of These Foods on Digestion.— For the sake 
of condensation, we here group together the results upon di- 
gestion, of Roberts' experiments with various incidental foods. 

Upon Salivary or Starch Digestion. — The medium strength 
of tea, as ordinarily used upon the table, is 4 to 5 per cent. ; 
that is, 4 to 5 parts by weight of the dry leaf to 100 parts of 



DIET. 113 

boiling water. Coffee ranges from 7 to 15 per cent ; cocoa 
about 2 per cent. With 1 per cent, of tea there is perceptible 
retarding of digestion. With 3 per cent, it is delayed more 
than 12 times its normal period; with 5 per cent., to 45 times 
its normal period ; and a 10 per cent, decoction totally prevents 
starch digestion. Coffee of 40 per cent, delays 21 times, and 
fit 60 per cent, it delays 5 times the normal period. Cocoa has 
practically no effect. 

Effervescent waters, 50 per cent., wholly arrest salivary 
digestion. 

Table vinegar, one-tenth of one per cent., retards it about 
8 times the normal, and two-tenths of one per cent, entirely 
prevents starch digestion. 

Sherry, one-half of one per cent., retards about 8 times the 
normal period, and one per cent, inhibits. A like amount of 
Hock retards 20 times the normal, and one per cent, totally 
prevents ; brandy, 20 per cent, prevents ; whisky, 40 per cent, 
prevents digestion of starchy foods. 

Effect on Stomach Digestion.— Prof. Roberts is also author- 
ity for the following exhibits : 

Tea fluid containing only 5 per cent, of tea leaves, and therefore 
having a strength of only 5 per cent., does not materially retard the 
digestive action of the stomach, or stomach digestion. 



Food. 


Strength. 


Effect on Stomach. 


Tea. 


10 per cent.. 


retards 5 minutes. 


Tea, 


20 


40 


Tea. 


40 


80 


Tea. 


60 


embarrassed. 


Coffee, 


5 


retards 5 minutes. 


Coffee, 


20 


40 


Coffee, 


40 


80 


Beef tea. 


10 


5 


Beef tea. 


20 


40 


Beef tea, 


40 


embarrassed. 


Alcohol. 


10 


retards 15 minutes. 


Alcohol, 


20 


35 


Alcohol, 


40 


100 


Alcohol, 


50 " 


almost no digestion. 


Sherry. 


5 


retards 5 minutes. 


Sherry, 


15 


" 100 


Sherry, 


20 


" 200 


Sherry. 


30 


almost no digestion. 


Port wine. 


10 


retards 15 minutes. 


Port wine, 


20 " 


80 


Port wine, 


40 


embarrassed. 


Lager beer, 


20 " 


retards 15 minutes. 


Lager beer, 


60 


80 



114 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

The Food Value of Alcohol deserves more extended examination- 
The following table from Bunge furnishes a basis : 

Calories Kgrms 
or metric musculo r 
heat units, work. 

One thousand grms. of grape sugar, on complete com- 
bustion to C0 2 and H 2 yield, . . . . . 3,939 = 1,674,000 

One thousand grms. of grape sugar, when split up into 

alcohol and C0 2 yield, 372 = 158,100 

One thousand grms. of grape sugar when split up into 

butyric acid, C0 2 and H 414 — 176,000 

The amount of work done by Wislicenus in ascending 

the Faulhorn in 6 hours, amounted to, . . . 148,656 

The amount of work done by heart and respiration 

during same ascent amounted to, . . . 30.000 

Bunge says that " even if we grant that alcohol is turned to account 
in the body as a source of energy, yet this store of energy is far smaller 
than that contained in the carbohydrate from which the alcohol was pre- 
pared. In the fermentation of a kilogram of sugar, as the table shows, 
an amount of energy is wasted which would serve to carry a heavy 
man to the top of the Faulkhorn. We must remember, too, that certain 
cells of onr body can probably avail themselves of the energy set free 
in the breaking down of food-stuffs, since no free oxygen ever reaches 
them. We thus see how foolish it is for men to give the nourishing 
carbohydrates of the grape juice and grain to be devoured by the yeast 
fungus, while they themselves feast on the excreta of the fungus. 
Fruit, berries and milk, too, are deprived of all their value in this 
way. No carbohydrate is safe from the insatiable spirit-monger, 
careless whether he murders thousands, so long as he only fills his 
pockets. And nothing is too foolish to find support in the authority of 
physicians." 

A. J. Mott estimates the average consumption of alcohol among 
civilized nations as between four and five gallons of proof spirits per 
head per annum. (Nat. Rev., May, 1884.) 

And Rone says : " Neither in hot nor cold climates is alcohol neces- 
sary for the preservation of health. The pre-disposition to many dis- 
eases is greatly increased by its use, and investigation shows that the 
average expectation of life is shortened by its use, as this table shows : 

Age, Abstainers. Alcohol Users. 

At 25 32.08 years 26.23 years. 

At 35 25.92 " 20.01 " 

At 45 19.92 " 15.19 " 

At 55 14.45 " 11.16 « 
At 65 9.62 " 8.04 " 



DIET. 115 





General male 


Alcohol 




population. 


venders. 




Per cent. 


Per cent. 


Brain disease, 


11.77 


14.43 


Tuberculosis, 


30.36 


36.57 


Pneumonia, 


9.63 


11.44 


Heart disease, 


1.46 


3.29 


Kidney disease, 


1.40 


2.11 


Suicide, 


2.99 


4.02 


Cancer, 


2.49 


3.70 


Old age, 


22.49 


7.05 



Dr. J. H. Carver states the case in this way : "Grant that alcohol 
can be oxidized as a food, even then one ounce of it, or two ounces of 
whisky, in twenty-four hours, is all that a healthy man can oxidize, and 
this must be evenly distributed over the period (say one and one-half 
teaspoonfuls every two hours). Even if taken in quantities too small 
to be injurious, it cannot be classed as a food for the healthy. The 
CHO (fat and force elements) are more readily oxidized than the 
CHNOS (i. e., the fiber elements). The alcohol attacks the CHO, and 
leaves the proteids to generate poisonous leucomaines. This disturbs 
the process of oxidation. Alcohol is a poison, as its indulgence taxes 
the oxidizing functions of the system beyond their capacity to oxidize 
both proteids and CHO compounds." 

Dr. Porter contends that the use of alcohol is justifiable only in 
cases of sickness, when ordinarily, a skimmed milk diet is used and 
the patient is comparatively quiet, so that there is not much loss of 
heat and energy. Then, should there "be a sudden demand for more 
heat and energy, they can be secured by judicious use of alcoholic 
stimulants ; " e. g., if faintness or extreme depression results from the 
diet. Then small and frequent doses can be quickly oxidized, and 
thus stimulate the system without the consumption of digestive 
energy. " But," he says, " when the system has full digestive power, 
and therefore produces the requisite amount of heat and energy, the 
alcohol becomes an element of danger to the animal creation." 

The bearing of these facts upon its use in disease will be considered 
in the treatment of diseases. It has been demonstrated, again and 
again, that men can endure the extremes of temperature, exertion and 
hardship better without, than with the use of alcohol. 

Roberts has given some reasons for supposing that retard- 
ing digestion by those races that carry the preparation of their 
food to a high degree of digestibility, is really a natural in- 
stinct, and goes far to account for the almost universal use of 
such retarding agents. There may be some force in his rea- 
sons, from the standpoint of existing dietaries, but whether 
there would be, were the diets right, seems an open question. 



116 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

Prof. Forster says that these food accessories do not aid 
digestion in health, but are useful for the sick, probably chiefly 
as appetizers. 

Dr. Porter says that the best fluid to be taken after a meal 
is coffee, not strong, and taken without milk or sugar. 

Roberts holds that tea, coffee, alcohol and tobacco benefit 
the community in the long run, simply because they are so 
generally used. If custom makes utility, then the well ascer- 
tained laws of physiology must be deemed of no account. 
For instance, the examination by the college physician of 
Yale university as to the effects of tobacco on the physical 
development of college students, made on the class which grad- 
uated in 1891, showed that during the course the non-users of 
tobacco increased 10.4 per cent, in weight, 24 per cent, in hight, 
26.7 per cent, in chest girth, and in lung capacity 77.5 per cent, 
more than those who used the weed regularly. This is but 
one of many demonstrations of a like character, all proving 
the utter absurdity of the above claim. The proofs concerning 
the effects of alcohol are even more conclusive. When he 
says, "We have in our generalized food habits and customs a 
natural dietetic standard or model, as truly natural as the food 
habits of the squirrel, the blackbird or the trout," he overlooks 
the fundamental fact of man's moral depravity, and its influ- 
ence upon physical habits and customs. When he can prove 
that man's nature is as unperverted as that of the animals', 
then his argument may be accepted. 

Mastication and Salivary Digestion.— Prof. John 
Goodfellow ascertained, as the result of experiments made for 
Dr. E. Densmore, that about 10 per cent, of "the gelatinized 
and broken-down starch of dry bread" undergoes salivary 
digestion during thorough mastication, while ordinarily not 
over 2 per cent, is thus changed ; and of cereals and vegetables 
masticated raw, not 1 per cent, of the starch was digested by 
the saliva. 

This would seem to indicate that salivary digestion is of 
comparatively little importance. In reality, the thorough 



DIET. 117 

breaking up of the food by perfect mastication, which Mr. 
Gladstone considers is accomplished by 25 bites on every mor- 
sel of meat, and its insalivation rendering it more readily solu- 
ble, are probably of equal or greater importance. 

This is best done, contrary to the dictum of social etiquette, 
by rilling the mouth with a large supply, as the instinct of 
children and animals teaches them to do, and then using teeth 
and tongue vigorously in the work of pulpation. 

Extractive Foods. — Prof. Atwater remarks : "Another 
class of food ingredients which contain nitrogen are called 
extractives. They make up the active principles of beef tea 
and meat extracts. They appear at times to aid in digestion, 
and have some effect on the nervous system. They were for- 
merly supposed to furnish actual nutriment, but while they 
neither form tissue nor yield energy, they give strength by 
helping the body to get and to use strength from other materi- 
als which it has." Yet Roberts has shown that beef tea equals 
5 per cent, of table tea in its retarding power upon stomach 
digestion, and whey equals hock. 

The Amount of Food Xeeded.— This has been ascer- 
tained by many and varied experiments. But this knowledge 
alone is of little practical utility, for the food elements are so 
unequally distributed in different food materials, that though 
one knows he needs, at very hard work, 72 ounces of food a 
day, at hard work 50 ounces, and at leisure 25 ounces, yet he 
may take an excess of one element and fall fatally short in 
others. Thus, if a working man is restricted to a single food 
material, as beef or potato, a pound and thirteen ounces of 
roasted beef would furnish the required fiber foods and some 
fats, but it has no force food ; three pounds of cornmeal would 
yield the fiber foods, and with it a large excess of force foods : 
one and three-fourths pounds of codfish would supply some 
fiber foods, but it would have very little fats and no force foods ; 
one and one-half pounds of fat pork would give him about one- 
eighth the requisite of fiber foods, more than four times the 
needed amount of fats, and no force foods. 



118 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Because of this unequal distribution of the food elements, 
and the ignorance of the people concerning their proper ad- 
justment, various dietaries have been constructed. Here is 
one formed by Prof. A. W. Church : 

DAILY RATION FOR A MAN AT LIGHT WORK. 

1. Bread 18 ounces @ 2J cents per pound, 2.8 

2. Butter 1 " @32 " " " 2.0 

3. Milk 4 " @ 8 " " quart, 1.0 

4. Bacon 2 " @ 12 " " pound, 1.5 

5. Potatoes 8 "' @ 2J " " " 1.2 

6. Cabbage 6 " @ 2£ " " " .9 

7. Cheese 3J " @ 16 " " " 3.5 

8. Sugar 1 " @ 6 " " " .3 

9. Salt | " @say " " " .0 

Total solid food 2 pounds 10£ ounces at a daily cost of about 13.5 cts. 

10. Water alone, or tea, coffee or beer, 66^ ounces. 

Different Circumstances Require Different 
Diets. — Prof. W. O. Atwater estimates the correct amount of 
food for a properly balanced ration to be about one pound, 
including waste, to every 35 pounds of body weight, divided 
as follows : Fiber and fat foods, of each 150 grams or 4£ 
ounces, and of force foods 450 grams or 11.2 ounces, without 
waste. Our food, Mr. Atwater says, is about 50 per cent, 
water and waste, and yields 1,200 calories to the pound, and 
therefore 3^ or 3£ pounds of properly balanced food is the nor- 
mal ration. Dalton estimates that 242 parts of fiber foods to 
169 parts each of fat and force foods are required by a man at 
hard labor. Parry gives for a man at full work an average of 
70 ounces of liquid food and 47 ounces of solid food, the solid 
food containing an average of 21.2 ounces of water, fiber foods 
4.5, fat 1.9, force foods 18.2 and mineral matter 1.2 ounces. 
But the amount of food required varies according to circum- 
stances, as clearly appears from the following table compiled 
from Ranke, Voit, Wolff, Play fair, Bunge, Vaughan and 
Atwater : 



DIET. 



119 



AVERAGE AMOUNT OF FOOD ELEMENTS REQUIRED FOR AN ADULT IN 
DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES. 

[Without Water or Waste, Stated in Grams.] 



'<- CB 


m 


sl 


— — 


Grms 


Grms 



Bare Subsistence requires from 50 to 70 grams 
of fiber foods, and the figures show the amount 
of this and of each of the ot her food elements 
actually consumed by the average London 
sewing' girl; Leipsic factory girl; English 
weaver in hard times; cloister monk and 
Playfairs bare subsistence, as averaged from 
the authorities quoted 

Very Liglit Work requires from 70 to 90 grams, 
which figures embrace the average ration of 
Lombard y laborers; Munich lawyers; Leipsic 
cabinet makers and painters; * and women 
with light exercise 

Light Work Requires from 90 to 110 grams of 
fiber foods, which figures embrace the aver- 
age ration of Japanese students ; German pro- 
fessors ; French Canadians working in Can- 
ada; aged men and those with light exercise. 

Moderate Work from 110 to 130 grams, which 
figures embrace German soldiers; Canadians 
working in Massachusetts ; Massachusetts me- 
chanics; dressmakers: clerks; men at moder- 
ate work ; college students ; U. S. army ra- 
tions; Playfair's standard for adults; well-to- 
do Connecticut family 

Hard Work (1), from 130 to 150 grams, which 
figures embrace German miners; carpenters; 
physicians; English tailors; men at hard 
work; German soldiers, war-footing; college 
students in Northern and Eastern U. S 

Hard Work (2), from 150 to 170 grams, which 
embrace German mechanics; English hard- 
worked weavers; German soldiers, extra 
rations 

Ouite Hard Work requires from 170 to 190 
grams, which embrace brickmakers in Massa- 
chusetts, and machinists; U. S. navy rations; 
college football team; and Italian brick- 
in akers 



Very Hard Work requires from 210 to 250 grams,! 

which embrace Munich brewery laborers; 
Connecticut hriokmakers; Massachusetts 
teamsters; and marble workers 



58 



-si 



100 



119 



134 



154 



182 



233 



Grms 



94 



145 



105 



214 



246 



365 



343 



345 



486 



516 



522 



831 



1992 



2430 



2701 



3836 



3731 



4142 



5664 



6653 



THE FOLLOWING SIMILAR TABLE 

I< compiled from Ranke, Voit. Bunge and At water (also stated in grams). 





Protein. 
192 


Fats. 
205 


CHO. 


Total. 


Calories. 


Very hard work 


639 


1,036 


5,310 


Hard work 


187 


168 


631 


986 


4,916 


Light work 


121 


72 


480 


673 


3,136 


No work 


100 


100 


240 


440 


2,324 



120 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Conclusions Drawn From the Table. — The amount 
for bare subsistence must be increased 10 per cent, for support 
without exercise, 20 per cent, for light work, 175 per cent, for 
average heavy work, 290 per cent, for very heavy work. 

The amount of well-balanced foods, without waste, needed 
per day is, for a man, light work, 495 grams or 17 ounces; at 
hard work, 895 grams or 30 ounces, and at very hard labor, 
1,310 grams or 45 ounces. 

A young man 15 to 20 years old needs three-fourths as 
much as a man at full work ; and a female at the same age, 
one-half as much. 

An old man from 50 to 70 years needs two-thirds as much 
as a man at full work, and a woman of the same age about 
four-ninths as much as a man at full work. 

The man over 70 years needs only one-half as much food 
as when in his prime, at hard labor, and a woman at that age 
needs one-third as much. 

On the average, three-fifths of the allowance of food for 
a man at full work is the amount required for the entire popu- 
lation. Women need one-fourth less than men in the same 
condition. 

Children require liberal feeding during the growing stage. 
A child of one and one-half years needs a third as much food 
as a woman at light exercise. From two to six years, the child 
requires half as much as a man with light exercise ; boys from 
six to fifteen years, need half as much as a man at hard work, 
and girls a third as much. At the same ratio, a child one to 
three months old needs five grams or 1.4 drachms of food ; three 
to seven months, 12 grams or 3.3 drachms; seven to twelve 
months, 30 grams or 1.3 ounces; and from twelve to eighteen 
months, needs 75 grams or 2.7 ounces of properly balanced food 
daily. The author of "Cheap Dinners for School Children'* 
says that a child under one year needs a quarter as much as a 
man at hard work, and from one to five years needs one-third 
as much ; but this is certainly an overestimate. 

We Eat Too Much. — Americans consume more than 
Europeans in similar circumstances, and unquestionably use 



DIET. 121 

more than is needful, to the serious detriment of their health. 
This over-consumption is demonstrated by the fact that every 
100 pints of oxygen required for the reduction of the food calls 
for Hi cubic inches of lung capacity. Hence, bare subsistence 
calls for 145 inches, light work 167 inches, hard work 255 
inches, and very hard work 424 inches, at the ordinary tidal 
ratio of one-ninth. (See Page 104.) But that ratio is greatly 
modified by the deeper breathing caused by hard work, to the 
extent of possibly one-half, as shown by the excretion of car- 
bonic acid, which may increase nearly or quite one-half. Even 
this estimate calls for 212 cubic inches of lung capacity for 
very hard work. Now add 80 per cent., or 170 cubic inches, 
and the American needs a lung capacity of 382 cubic inches. 
While he possesses only from 200 to 280 cubic inches, such diet 
is simply preposterous. 

A Very Important Error in most dietaries consists in 
unduly increasing the amount of fiber foods for hard work, on 
the ground urged by Liebeg, that much work causes increased 
loss of the nitrogenous constituents of muscle. But Voit, 
O. Kellner, and Pettenkoffer have shown that work does not 
materially increase the excretion of nitrogen ; while Lavoisier. 
Vierordt, Scharling, E. Smith, Speck, Ludwig, Screlkow, Max 
von Frey, and others, have shown that the absorption of oxy- 
gen and the excretion of carbonic acid are largely augmented : 
and Bernard, Kiilz, and others, have proved that this carbonic 
acid is drawn from the glycogen stored up in the tissues and 
liver, of which there is always 100 grams in each. Bunge 
holds that the fats also contribute to it, and that the nitrogen 
of the tissues is not drawn upon until the supply of fats and 
glycogen is exhausted, when the nitrogen may be transformed 
into glycogen, and serve as a source of muscular vigor. 
Hence, the proportion of fiber foods requires to be increased 
but slightly for greater muscular activity, provided that a 
sufficient supply of fats and force foods be furnished. 

American Waste. — Americans waste a large proportion 
of food by an undue use of fat, starch and sugar. In European 



122 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

dietaries, the fats range from one to five ounces a day, and 
the starches from 9 to 24. In American, the fats comprise 
from 4 to 16, and the starches from 24 to 60. German pro- 
fessional men, amply nourished, consume three to four and 
one-half ounces per day of fats, while American professionals 
eat from five to seven and one-half ounces. 

Fats and starches together constitute the fuel ingredients 
of food. The "nutritive ratio" for a properly balanced food 
requires to each part of force food from four to six parts of 
fuel food, embracing both fat and force foods ; but Americans 
use from six to eight parts of these substances to one of 
force food. 

Prof. Atwater has also shown that the dietaries of profes- 
sional men in Germany, Denmark, and Sweden, including 
students furnish an average of 2,670 calories a day. Those of 
Northern and Eastern States, America, was 4,140 per day, 
which is 1,340 calories a day more than German 'soldiers in 
time of peace are allowed, and 155 more than the field service 
finds sufficient in time of war, and is 1,240 calories more than 
the average of European working men. 

Nor is this confined to the professions, for the average of 
twenty dietaries of Connecticut and Massachusetts laborers 
and mechanics show an average of 5,275 calories, being 2,365 
above the European average. 

The Necessity for Dietaries.— Who has not heard the 
mother's sigh, as she uttered from the depths of her heart, 
as well as brain, the perplexing question, ' k What can I get for 
my child to eat ? " Knowing that he must be sustained through 
the exhausting sickness, or built up through the weary and 
perilous convalescence? Her solicitude may well be shared, 
in view of the foregoing dietary factors, by every one who 
proposes to provide the nutritive supplies of the human being. 

How to Make Dietaries.— In all dietary efforts these 
things are of especial importance : (1) The nutritive demands 
of the case, as affected by different periods of life, different 
degrees of muscular exercise and exposure, and particular hab- 



DIET. 123 

its and occupations. (2) The chemical constituents of the food. 

(3) The relative proportions of the different kinds of food. 

(4) Their digestibility. (5) The number of grams of oxygen 
required for their reduction. (6) The excrementitious prod- 
ucts — neither excessive nor deficient. (7) Personal idiosyncra- 
sies. (8) Cost. (9) All these as related to conditions of dis- 
ease, if such be present. 

Rules to Work By. — 1. The fiber foods must range 
from two and three-fourths to eight ounces (very rarely 
as much as this) per day, according to the systemic and 
mechanical work accomplished. From many experiments by 
Bunge and others reported by Mr. Atkinson, it is evident that 
an average of about 20 per cent, of fiber foods taken into the 
stomach passes out of the system unappropriated. Hence, 
while Bunge places the amount of fiber foods absolutely neces- 
sary to preserve the system from wasting, at 3.22 ounces, 
Vaughan. Atwater, and Porter claim 4.19 ounces as requisite. 
Yet these elements must not be taken in such excess as to 
unduly load the excretory organs with nitrogenous waste. 
Hence, the respiratory oxygenating capacity is a most impor- 
tant factor, and, if the choice must be made between deficiency 
of fiber foods, for a time, and sub-oxidation of those foods, by 
all means should the first be chosen. 

2. The Fats may range from two and one-half to eight 
and one-half ounces per day, according to the temperature 
and exposure of the person, and the scarcity or abundance 
of the force foods, since they are, to a certain extent, 
interchangeable. 

3. The force foods may range from 12 to 29 ounces per day, 
according to the heat and force required. Rohe says that men 
at work excrete one-half of one per cent, more carbon dioxide, 
therefore, need more force foods. The greater activity of the 
young cells, in young persons, consume these foods faster rel- 
atively, than later in life ; therefore, more are required for 
youths, in the same circumstances, than for adults. 

The fats and force foods being interchangeable, may either 
of them be reduced to a minimum, provided the other be 



124 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

increased to such an extent as to furnish the lacking supply of 
calories of heat. But in no case may the fat and force foods 
together exceed the oxidizing capacity of the system, i. e., the 
lung capacity and respiratory habits of the individual. 

4. Idiosyncrasies. — Foods that have proved, in ordinary 
experience, unsuited to an individual, should not be forced 
upon his system because they may be good for others. There 
are some unknown reasons why his laboratory cannot work 
up materials that others can. It is a personal idiosyncrasy, for 
which there is no accounting, and against which he cannot 
successfully fight. 

5. The fixed foods, water and the mineral salts, may ordi- 
narily be left to the supply which nature furnishes in the solid 
foods, and the calls of thirst. For the larger consumption of 
water, see Special Treatments. 

6. The accessory foods should not be depended upon in 
health, and in sickness should be employed with the same care 
and judgment that other remedial means are. 

7. The tendencies of financial condition should be guarded 
against. The food of the poor is apt to contain too little fiber 
element, while that of the rich has too much. 

It is a species of rebellion against Providence when the 
poor, whom God has said "shall always be in the land," ape 
the manners of the rich in style of living. A true appreciation 
of resources, and an acquiescent adaptation to them, is the 
basis of contentment, without which a "stalled ox" is no 
better than a "dinner of herbs." Within the limits of health, 
he who has large supply is justified in a variety according to 
his taste. Rut he who must deny himself of fiber foods because 
they are not in his stock, must look well to it that the nearest 
possible approximation be made, and should pray "that the 
time of this evil be shortened." 

Two Meals Contrasted. — A poor dinner: Four ounces 
fat pork, twelve ounces potatoes, six ounces bread, and sixteen 
ounces clear coffee. It contains of fiber foods 23 grams, fats 
89, and force foods 167, equal to 1,630 calories. This poo: 



DIET. 125 

dinner, besides being somewhat deficient in calories of energy, 
is so defective in fiber foods that his necessary toil will draw 
from his tissues to supply the wastes ; while the man of luxury 
has abundant supply of calories for his easy life, and such an 
excess of fiber foods as to endanger their sub-oxidation and 
resulting disease, as seen in the following : 

A rich dinner : Eight ounces soup, four potatoes, three 
turnips, two fish, four poultry, two asparagus, two stuffing, 
three cranberries, two bread, three arrowroot pudding, three 
pie, two fruit, one nuts, two coffee, one butter, and one ounce 
of sugar. This ration would furnish of fiber food 53 grams, 
fats 73 grams, force foods 159, equal to calories 1,550. 

The Cost of Food.— More than half of the income of 
the average family is expended for food. The Massachusetts 
Labor Bureau reports that the families of workingmen, who 
earn $350 to $400 a year, spend 64 per cent, of it for food, the 
i^roportion decreasing to 51 percent, when the income is $1,200 
a year, and average 57 per cent. About the same proportion 
holds true in England and Europe. 

Fifty-seven per cent, of earnings spent for food invests the 
question of cost in diet with great significance. 

Nutrition not governed by cost. There is little difference 
between the nutritive value of a quart of oysters and a quart 
of milk, but the oysters, at twenty cents per pound, cost 
nearly seven times as much as the milk, at three and one-half 
cents. A pound of rice and three and one-half pounds of 
potatoes are about alike in nutritive value, but the rice costs 
about eight cents per pound and the potatoes about one cent. 
Salmon and tenderloin of beef, at 75 cents per pound, are no 
more nutritious than halibut or shoulder steak, at 10 or 15 
cents per pound. A pound of lean beef and a quart of milk 
both contain about the same quantity of actual nutritious 
materials, but the beef costs from two to four times as much. 
"When the poor man buys his pound loaf of bread for eight 
cents, he gets no more nutritive material than the well-to-do 
man obtains for three cents, in the flour which he has baked at 



126 



THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 



I. THE COMPARATIVE EXPENSIVENESS OF FOODS, 



Costi of a Pound of Protein and Amounts of Potential Energy Obtained for Twenty-fTviB Cents 
in Diffennt Food>Materials at Current Market Prices. 



Kinds 9/ Food-Materials. 



Assumed 
prices of 
Food-ma- 
terials per 
pound in 
cents. 



The estimated cost (in cents) of one pound of protein in each 
Food-material, when the latter is bought at the market prices as- 
sumed, is expressed by the lengths of the light parallel lines, 
thus: ' 

The estimated number of calories of potential energy in tha 
nutrients (actually nutritive ingredients) contained in the quantity 
of each Food-material which 25 cents would pay for if the ma- 
terial were bought at the market prices assumed, is expressed by 
dark lines, thus : ~~~ 



Beef, sirloin ., i % 

Beef, sirloin, at lower price. . . . . . 

Beef, round . .-, , 

Beef, neck 

Mutton, leg.; *...« 

Smoked Ham . • . 

Salt Pork, very fat 

Salmon, early in season 

Salmon, at lower price 

Mackerel.. 

Codfish.. 

Salt mackerel 

Salt codfish 

Oysters, at 46 cents per quart 
Hens' eggs, at 30 cents per dozen 

Milk, at 7 cents per quart 

Cheese, whole milk. 

Cheese, skimmed milk 

Butter ...... : 

Oleomargarine «... 

Sugar < 

Wheat flour , 

Wheat bread 

Corn (maize) meal..., . 

Oatmeal 

Rice ...... 

Beans , 

Potatoes, at 75 cents per bushel.. 

W. O. Atwatbr. 



•«Ja 



.03^ 



.07* 
.03 

•07*6 



} 1145 calories 
\ 9793 calories 



{ & 



' 1807 calories 
[ 43 <=ents : .. 
[ X103 calories 
I 368 cents... 
326 calories 

768 calories 






US 

I 31 cents... 

\ 3403 calories 

f 18 cents.. 

\ 3643 calories 

f no protein. 

\ 3083 calories 

i no protein. 

I 6164 calories 

( no protein. 

\ 6292 calories 

1 13783 calories 

/ 35 cents... 

\ 4255 calories 

i 13488 calories 

( 15 cents... 

\ 9189 calories 

f 34 cents .. 

\ s°68 calories 

\ 7630 calories 

I 7689 calories 



Century Magazine. 

Reprinted by consent 



DIET. 



127 



II. THE COMPARATIVE EXPENSIVENESS OF FOODS. 



Amounts *of Actual Nutrients (Nutritive Ingredients) Obtained for Twenty-five Cents in Different 
Food-Materials at Ordinary Prices, with Amounts Appropriate tor a Day's Ration. 



Food-Muteriali, 



Beef, sirloin 

Beef, sirloin, at lower price. ....... 

Beef, round 

Beef, neck 

M ntton, leg » . . . 

Smoked Ham , < 

Salt Pork, very fat 

Salmon, early in season 

Salmon, at lower price..: 

Mackerel , 

Codfish 

Salt Mackerel 

Salt Codfish 

Oysters, at 40 cents per quart 

Hens' eggs.ajMp cents jxrr dozen.. 

Milk, at 7 cents per quart 

Cheese, whole milk 

Cheese, skimmed milk . , ............ 



Oleomargarine . . 
Sogar , 



.07^ 



Wheat bread ,., ^.-, 

Corn (maize) meal......*., ,,... ,^»„ 

Oatmeal.. ,.,r..., ..v., ......... »«. 

fcice.., t ... ...»..,,..„„., 

Beans,...., .„ ...^ ^..„ 

Potatoes, at 7s cents per bushel 

Standards for daily diet for t Voit's,'<5erman .... 
laboring man at moderates 
work ..»„ I Writer's, American 



Quantities obtained for 25 cents. 



Ndtrients in the Food-Materials. 
Quantities in pounds and hundredths of a pound indicated by shaded bands. 
PROTEIN. FATS. CARBOHYDRATES. 

Lean"'' of meat. Fatty and oily Sugar, starch. 




IV. 0/ AT WATS R. 



Century Magazine. 

Reprinted by consents 



128 THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 

home. In wheat flour the fiber element costs 11 cents, while 
in potatoes, at 50 cents per bushel, it costs 15 cents. 

This point is clearly illustrated in the following table from 
Mr. Atkinson's book, "The Science of Nutrition :" 

TABLE OF COST OF DIFFERENT FOODS. 

Showing the cost of 3,000 calories obtained from different Food 
Materials. 

Cost in 

Food Materials. cents. 

Suet at 6 cents a pound .' . .$ 4.40 

Potatoes at 30 cents a bushel, one-half cent a pound 5.00 

Cornmeal at 3 cents a pound 5.43 

Flour at 4 cents a pound, or $7.50 a barrel 7.20 

Flour at 5 cents a pound, or $1.50 a bag 9.09 

Potatoes at 50 cents a bushel, or one-half cent a pound 10.00 

Sugar at 6 cents a pound 10.41 

Beef from skin and flank, 4 cents a pound 12.00 

Sausage, bacon and ham, at 12 or 12^ cents a pound 12.78 

Beans and peas at 8 to 10 cents a quart 13.80 

Sugar at 8 cents a pound 13.92 

Rice at 8 cents a pound 15.69 

Skimmed milk at 2 cents a quart 17.31 

Parts of beef, mutton or pork, pretty fat, 8 to 10 cents a pound. . 20.00 

Potatoes at $1.2f> a bushel. 20.60 

Skimmed milk at 3 cents a quart 25.62 

Apples at 45 cents a peck 27.30 

Butter at 35 cents a pound 30.74 

Milk at 7 cents a quart 34.74 

Cheese at 14 cents a pound 36.33 

Green vegetables at 5 cents a pound 61.50 

Beef, medium fat, with 15 % bone, at 15| cents a pound 100.00 

Eggs at 18 cents a dozen 106.50 

8. The circumstances which cause the demand must be con- 
sidered in providing the dietary supply. The healthy country 
school boy, who wades through snow a mile, to school, and 
frolics all the way, and whose school recesses are far too short 
for him to expend his pent-up energies in, will suffer the pangs 
of semi-starvation on the supply of food that would surfeit the 
city miss of his own age, who rises just in time for breakfast, 
minces and prims around until she takes the cars for school, 
and is too much of a lady to romp anywhere. And the physi- 
ological doll will be in her grave, from consumption, or a puny 
invalid for life, before the boy reaches the maturity that will 
sweep him on into the seventies. 



DIET. 129 

It is as absurd to feed a whole family of aged, adults, and 
children, some sick and some well, some warmly housed and 
some exposed to storm and low temperature, upon the same 
fare, as it would be to expect them all to wear the same 
clothes. ''Milk for babes, '* at both extremes of life, and 
4 * strong meat for men," was the apostle's view, which science 
has amply confirmed. 

9. The responsibility of right provision should be consid- 
ered- Hints have been given elsewhere of how profoundly the 
whole mental, physical, and spiritual nature of man is affected 
by his food. Hence, the responsibility of a right provision of 
daily aliment can only be measured by the immense interests at 
stake. What is health worth? What figures shall represent 
the value of sound mentality ? And, so far as character affects 
spiritual life, who can adequately express the worth of organic 
helps to the noblest Christian attainments? The cloister was, 
undoubtedly, an extreme reaction from the pampered luxury 
of Roman life, but it was. nevertheless, an instinctive recogni- 
tion of the fact that habitual customs do affect the inner being. 
The training of the schools is good, but if a child can have but 
one of the two, either a correct dietary or schooling, infinitely 
better is it for him to have the first than, having the second. 
to make it valueless by a wrecked physical organism. 

Wrong- Feeding* and Disease.— The diseases of the 
enlightened world are nature's protest against, and penalty for, 
wrong feeding. The responsibility for it begins in the home. 

There is very little doubt that consumption, with its appal- 
ling array of horrors, has its seed germ in the over-carbona- 
ceous feeding of infants and youths. Says Dr. Porter : " The 
overtaxing of the digestive and oxygenating capacity of the 
system is the true foundation of nine-tenths of all the diseased 
processes to which human flesh is liable.*' (Merck's Bulletin. 
December, 1893, Page 73.) Says Dr. James Wood (Merck's Bul- 
letin, February, 1892): "This functional perversion is largely 
due to the habit of feeding the growing child on a diet com- 
posed mainly of the starches and sugars." 
9 



130 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Rev. Dr. R. N. Young says of the Sanitary Congress in 
England : "It was affirmed by a distinguished member of the 
Congress that, in England alone, there are a quarter of a mil- 
lion preventable deaths every year, and upward of seven 
millions of needless illnesses, which even an elementary knowl- 
edge of hygienic laws might have averted. It is time that 
lessons on the simple principles of sanitation should be given 
in primary schools." 

Two hundred and fifty thousand preventable deaths ! 

Stop a moment! That means 2,000,000 more mourning 
parents and children every year in that little kingdom, than 
need be. With our greater food supply and population, at the 
same ratio, it means, in the United States. 4,000,000 draped in 
woe every year, chiefly because of wrong dietary habits, and 
14,000,000 needless illnesses ! How much loss of productive 
labor; how much useless expense, and how much suffering 
these entail! Verily, it is time to sound the tocsin of alarm. 

The necessity for carefully-prepared dietaries rests upon the 
fact that the food elements are so unequally distributed in 
food materials. The following table compiled from several 
from Bunge and Wood shows the amount in grams of several 
kinds of food that it would be necessary to eat daily in order 
to give the repair materials requisite, also the amounts of fat 
and force foods that would be taken at the same time. 



Foods. 



Apples. ... 

Carrots 

Potatoes — 

Rice 

Cabbage . . . 
Cow's milk . 

Maize 

Wheat 

Fat fish 

Fat pork — 
Fat beef — 
Lean fish.. . 
Lean beef. . . 

Peas 

Beans 

Oatmeal.. . 

Bread 

Eggs 

Oysters . — 



Natural 
State. 



(453 grams 
per pound) 



25,000 

9,000 

5,000 

1,250 

3,000 

3,000 

1,000 

800 

750 

650 

600 

550 

480 

430 

435 

710 

1,250 

900 

1,666 



Dried. 



4,200 

1,000 

1,250 

1,100 

440 

370 

900 

700 

330 

360 

250 

110 

112 

370 



With the 100 grams 
proteids taken up. 



Carbo- 
hydrates. 


Fats. 


3,300 





820 


20 


1,090 


8 


990 


11 


220 


21 


140 


107 


740 


46 


580 


14 





220 





250 





150 





3 





7 


230 


7 


245 


8 


461 


42 


687 


25 


36 


90 


830 


277 



^ a> 



DIET 131 



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132 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

From the foregoing table it will be seen how easily a 
chosen diet may prove either excessive or defective in import- 
ant elements. If this be of consequence in health, how pre- 
eminently important when the vital powers are struggling 
with disease ! The most skillful physician, with his best reme- 
dies may fail solely because the food of the patient reinforces 
the disease instead of the vitality. 

Prof. Vaughan proposes a daily ration consisting of bread, 
codfish, lard, potatoes, bacon, beans, milk, sugar and tea in 
such proportions as to furnish 123 grams proteids, 70 grams 
fats, and 550 grams carbohydrates. The total cost or money 
value of this ration at present prices is about thirteen cents. 
In actual food value it is not inferior to the daily fare of the 
habitue of Delmonico's. 

The Basis for Dietaries.— To furnish the basis for the 
construction of home dietaries, as well as to test those already 
before the public, we have prepared the following working 
table, giving the chemical constituents of food, and their 
special excreta, so that a glance will indicate with sufficient 
precision the particular diet required. Unquestionably, with 
such tables in common use, multitudes of lives would be saved, 
as well as the whole practice of medicine be rendered tenfold 
more efficient than it now is ; besides, the necessity for calling 
medical aid would be much less frequent, because so many 
diseases would be prevented. The object in giving the col- 
umns of excreta is to enable the physician, by frequent 
examination of the urine in critical or obstinate cases, and by 
consulting the table, to outline a diet that shall meet the con- 
ditions of the case in a physiological and scientific manner and 
thus increase the probabilities of recovery. This we deem of 
special importance in fevers, consumption, rheumatism, 
malaria, etc. 



DIET. 



133 



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7 r ; 



138 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Its Availability Illustrated.— In order to show the 
availability of this information, let us suppose a few cases 
from real life. 

Mrs. Blank keeps a boarding-house. At one hour she feeds 
four hard-working men, each five feet ten or over, and none 
less than 180 pounds in weight. At another hour she feeds 
two milliners and two female clerks of small stores, with not 
much business, all under five feet five in height, and less than 
110 pounds in weight. What should be the fare for each table 
per day? 

For the men, five pounds, or 6,000 calories each, which 
might be as follows, giving a generous measure : 

4 Pounds Beef Side V2 Pound Skim-Cheese 



Sausages 2 

Potatoes 2 

Butter 14 

Onions 1 

Sugar % 



Codfish 
Bread 
Coffee 
Milk 
Corn Meal 



For the females she provides 2 J pounds of food for each, 
giving 2,400 calories : 

Beef, 1 Pound Fish, fresh, IV2 Pounds Bread, 1 Pound 

Butter, y 2 " Potatoes, 1 " Fruit, Prunes, 1 

Sugar, V4 " Peas % " Milk 1V 2 " 

Oat Meal y 2 " Tea. 

The Young* Couple. — A young husband enters home 

disheartened. ' ' What's the matter, George ? " says the anxious 

wife. " Matter enough, Mary. The shop is shut down, and I 

am out of a job, and no telling when I can get another." 

"Well, that is bad, but cheer up, George; the rent is paid a 

month in advance, there are two tons of coal in the cellar, a 

barrel of flour in the pantry, and no one to provide for but 

yourself and me, and the baby (glancing, with half -tearful eye, 

at the crib, where little 10-months Jacob sleeps, as if it were 

Eden everywhere), and, besides, 1 have twenty dollars saved up 

that we can use. You will get some odd jobs, and I will see 

what I can do towards economy in living, after the plan that I 

was reading about the other day." So she searches Vaughan's 

tables, and, with a little ingenious adaptation, finds that she 

can provide, at a very small cost, both a varied and healthful 

supply. 



DIET. 



139 



vaughan's diet tables. 
Prepared by order of the Michigan Board of Health, by 
Victor C. Vaughan, Ph. D., M. D. The lard in these tables is 
for cooking. P., signifies protein ; F., fats ; C-h, carbohydrates, 
such as sugar, starch, and fiber. 

Class I, No. l. 
Total cost, 13 cents; Protein, 4 ounces; Fats, 2.88 ounces; C-h.,24V 2 ounces. 



Breakfast. Cts. 


Dinner. 


Cts. 


Supper. Cts. 


2 oz. oatmeal, .5 24 oz. potatoes, 
1 pt. milk, 3.0 1 oz. lard, 
10 oz. bread, 1.9 10 oz. bread, 
-2 oz. sugar, *4 

i 


1.5 14 oz. beans, 1.0 
5/ 8 1 oz. lard, 5/ 8 

1.9 6 oz. bread, 1.3 
15 oz. tea, .3 
IV2 oz. sugar. 14 


Class I, No. 


2. 


Total cost, 14.1 cts ; Protein, 4.10 ounces ; Fats, 2.39 ounces ; C-h, 21.29 ounces. 


2 oz. cheese 14 oz. beans, 

(toasted) 1.5 1 oz. lard, 
10 oz. bread, 1.9 !10 oz. bread, 
8 oz. coffee. 2 /3i 


1.0 
1.9 


4 oz. rice, 2.0 
1 pt. milk, 3.0 
1 oz. sugar, V2 
6 oz. bread, 1.1 


Class I, No. 


3. 


Total cost, 15.4 cents ; P. 4.25 ounces ; 


F., 2.91; C-h., 23.06 ounces. 


4 oz. graham flour, y 2 
1 oz. lard, 5/ 8 
1 oz. sugar (or syrup), V2 
8 oz. coffee, 2/3 


1 oz. macaroni, 
4oz. fat cheese, 
10 oz. bread, 


1V4 

3 

1.9 


16 oz. bread. 3. 
16 oz. potatoes, 1. 
1 pt. milk, 3. 


Class I, No. 


4. 


Total cost, 13.8 cents: P., 4.51 ounces; F., 


2.13 ounces; C-h., 18.32 ounces. 


2 oz. oatmeal, V2 
V* pt. milk, 1.5 
y% oz. sugar, V2 
1 oz. codfish, s/ 8 
1 oz. lard, % 
k> oz. bread, 1.1 


4 oz. baked heart 
8 oz. potatoes, 
10 oz. bread, 


2.5 

y 2 

1.8 


2 oz. rice, 1. 
V2 oz. sugar, V 2 
V2 pt. milk, 1.5 
6 oz. bread, 1.1 



Total cost, 13.3 cents ; P. 
8 oz. buckwheat 
flour (as cakes), 1.5 



Class I, No. 5. 
4.19 ounces, F., 2.49 ounces; C-h., 26.92 ounces. 



1 oz. sugar, 
"2 oz. lard, 
8 oz. coffee. 



4 oz. beans. 

V2 oz. lard. 
V2 16 oz. bread. 
Vs 



Vfe 



16 oz. bread, 
1 oz. butter, 
V2 pt. milk, 



1.5 
1.5 



Total cost. 10.3 

8 oz. corn meal 

as musli 1, 

1 pt. milk, 



Class I. No. 6. 
cents; P., 4.90 ounces; F., 2.54 ounces; C-h., 31.18 ounces. 



1. 



¥2 
1.5 

3 
1.5 



16 oz. bread, 
V2 pt. milk, 



3. 
1.5 



16 oz. potatoes, 
4 oz. graham flour 

(as pudding), 
V2 pt. milk, 
V2 oz. sugar, 
16 oz. bread, 
1 oz. butter. 

Class I, No. 7. 
Total cost, 13.3 cents, P., 4.20 ounces; F.. 2.49 ounces, C-h., 19.96 ounces. 



2 oz. rice (as cake), 1. 
1 egg, 1.3 

V2 oz. lard, M 

»; oz. bread, 1.1 

1 pt. milk, 3. 



4 oz. beans, 
V2 oz. lard, 
6 oz. bread, 



Vs 
1.1 



2 oz. fat cheese, 
16 oz. bread, 



1.5 
3. 



140 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Class II, No. l. 
Total cost, 12; P., 4.28 ounces; F., 2.69 ounces; C-li., 19.36 ounces. 



2 oz. codfish, 1.3 
1 oz. lard, 1.6 
6 oz. bread, 1.1 
y 2 pt. milk, 1.5 
1 cup tea, 5 oz., Vs 
V2 oz. sugar, V± 


16 oz. potatoes, 1. 
1 oz. lard, 5/ 8 
10 oz. bread, 1.9 

Class IT, No. 2. 


10 oz. bread, 1.9 
1/2 pt. milk, 1.5 
V2 oz. sugar, Vt. 
2 cups tea, 5 oz. each, 2 /3 


Total cost, 14.4 cents ; P., 4.07 ounces ; 


F., 2.10 ounces; C-h., 18.23 ounces. 


2 oz. fat cheese, 1.5 
6 oz. bread, 1.1 
1 cup coffee (8 oz), 2/3 
1/2 pt. milk, 1.5 
V2 oz. sugar, 14 


4 oz. beans, 
2 oz. bacon, 
10 oz. bread, 

Class II, 


1 
1.5 
1.9 

NO. 3. 


10 oz. bread, 1.9 
V2 oz. sugar, V±, 
V2 pt. milk, 1.5 
2 cups coffee (8 oz. 
each), 1 .3 


Total cost, 22.5 cents; P., 4.97 ounces; 


F., 3.35 ounces; C-h., 20.19 ounces. 


2 eggs, 2.5 
8 oz. bread, 1.5 
1 pt. milk, 3. 
1 oz. butter, 1.5 


2 oz. bacon, 1.5 
8 oz. turnips, V2 
8 oz. corn meal (as 
bread), 1. 


8 oz. mutton (mod- 
erately fat), 8. 
16 oz. bread, 3. 


Class II, 


NO. 4. 


Total cost, 21.75 cents; P., 5.19 ounces; F., 2.43 ounces; C-h., 21 ounce, 


4 oz. fresh fruit, 1. 
8 oz. bread, 1.5 
V2 oz. sugar, 14 
1 pt milk, 3 
1 oz. butter, 1.5 


4 oz. garden beans, 1. 
8 oz. beef (moder- 
ately fat), 8. 
16 oz. bread, 3. 


8 oz. cornmeal, (as 

mush), 1. 
1/2 pt. milk, 1.5 


Class 11, 


No. 5. 


Total cost, 14.75 cents; P., 4.28 ounces; 


F., 2.89 ounces; C-h., 19.48 ounces 


2 oz. oatmeal, V2 
V2 oz. sugar, 14 
y 2 pt. milk, 1.5 
2 oz. sausage (best 

quality), 1.5 
1 cup tea, 5 oz., 1/3 
8 oz. bread, 1.5 


4 oz. beans, 
1 oz. bacon, 
8 oz. bread, 


1. 
1.5 


11 oz. bread, 2. 

1 oz. butter, 1.5 
V 2 pt. milk, 1.5 
V2 oz. sugar, 14 

2 cups tea (5 oz. 

each), 2 /s 



Class II, No. 6. 
Total cost, 12.25 cents; P., 4.61 ounces; F., 2.96 ounces; C-h., 20.20 ounces 

1. 



2.5 ]16 oz. potatoes, 
1.3 1 oz. lard, 
1.9 110 oz. bread, 



8 oz. cornmeal (as 

mush), 1. 

V 2 pt. milk, l.i 



2 eggs, 

2oz. codfish, 

10 oz. bread, 1.9 |io oz. bread, 1.9 

1 oz. lard, 

Class II, No. 7. 
Total cost, 12.6 cents: P., 4.33 ounces; F., 2.43 ounces; C-h., 19.92 ounces 

2 oz. bacon, 1.5 10 oz. bread, 1.9 

4 oz. beans, 1. V2 pt. milk, 1.5 

8 oz. cornmeal (as 

bread), 1 



2 oz. fat cheese, 

10 oz. bread, 

V2 pt. milk, 

2 /2 oz. sugar, 

1 cup coffee (8 oz.), 



1.5 
1.9 
1.5 



Total cost, 18.25 cents ; P. 



Class III, No. 1. 
4.38 ounces; F., 2.13 ounces; C-h., 18.06 ounces 



4 oz. beef, (very 

fat), 
16 oz. potatoes, 
1 pt. milk, 
8 oz. bread, 



4. 
1. 
3. 
1.5 



4 oz. beef (moder- 
ately fat), 4. 
16 oz. potatoes, 1. 
8 oz. bread, 1.5 



2 oz. oatmeal, 
V2 pt. milk, 
V2 oz. sugar, 



DIET. 



141 



Class III, No. 2. 
Total cost, 20.4 cents; P., 5.27 ounces; F., 2.74 ounces ; C-h., 18.33 ounces. 

3. 



1. 

5/8 

1.5 

1.5 
V4 



8 oz. beef (moder- 
ately fat), 8. 

8 oz. cornmeal (as 
bread), 1. 



il pt. milk, 
V2 oz. sugar, 
4 oz. rice, 



y± 



1 oz. codfish, 

16 oz. potatoes. 

1 oz. lard, 

8 oz. bread, 

i'2 pt. milk, 

1 2 oz. sugar, 

1 cup coffee, (8 oz.), 

Class III, No. 3. 

Total cost, 19.9 cents ; P., 4.46 ounces ; F., 2.15 ounces ; C-h., 18.31 ounces. 



2 oz. mackerel, 1.5 
8 oz. bread (as pan- 
cakes), 1.5 
% pt. milk, 1.5 
1 cup coffee (8 oz.) 2 A 



4 oz. boiled mutton, 3. 
4 oz. boiled rict;, 2. 
8 oz. mashed potato, V2 
8 oz. boiled turnips, V2 
V2 pt. milk, V 2 

1 oz. butter, 1.5 

4 oz. bread, % 



4 oz. cold mutton, 3. 
11 oz. bread, 2. 



Class III, No. 4. 
Total cost, 15 cents; P., 4.52 ounces; F., 2.96 ounces; C-h., 22.32 ounces. 



4 oz, fried liver. 


2.5 


1 oz. lard, 


5/8 


10 oz. bread. 


1.% 



2 oz. bacon, 1.5 116 oz. bread, 3. 

8 oz. cabbage, V2 !l pt. milk, 3. 

8 oz. cornmeal (as i2 oz. dried fruit (as 

bread), 1. sauce), 1.. 

Class III, No. 5. 



Total cost. 17.9 cents; P., 4.11 ounces; F., 2.38 ounces; C-h., 22.94 ounces. 



4 oz. fresh fruit 




2 oz. bacon, 1.5 


16 oz. bread, 


3. 


(berries), 


2. 


4 oz. string beans, 2. 


1 pt. milk, 


3. 


10 oz. bread, 


1.9 


8 oz. cornmeal (as 






1 pt. milk. 


3. 


bread), 1. 






1 oz. sugar, 


V2 









Class III, No. 6. 
Total cost 19.7 cents; P., 4.23 ounces; F., 2.39 ounces; C-h., 19.30 ounces. 



4. |4 oz. lean mutton, 3. 
% |8 oz. bread, 1.5 

16 oz. potatoes, 1. 



8 oz. bread, 
1 oz. butter, 
1 pt. milk, 



1.5 
1.5 
3. 



4 oz. beef, 

4 oz. bread. 

4 oz. buckwheat, 

(as cakes), 3 A 

1 oz. sugar (as syrup 

and for coffee), V2 
y 2 pt. milk, 1.5 

1 cup coffee (8 oz.), 2/3 

Class III, No. 7. 

Total cost, 18.9 cents; P., 5.29 ounces; F., 2.66 ounces; C-h., 20.04 ounces. 



2 oz. codfish, 


1.3 


4 oz. fresh fish, 


3. 


16 oz. bread, 


3. 


1 oz. lard, 


5 /8 


4 oz. cornmeal, 


y 2 


V2 oz. butter, 




16 oz. potatoes, 


1. 


legg, 


1.3 


1 pt. milk, 


3. 


8 oz. bread, 


1.5 











Class IV, No. l. 
Total cost, 35 cents; P., 4.97 ounces; F., 3.18 ounces; C-h., 19.61 ounces. 

1 oz. dried fruit, 1.3 
1 oz. sugar, y% 

1 pt. milk, 4. 

8 oz. bread, 3. 



2 eggs, 


4. 


1 oz. bacon, 


% 


8 oz. bread, 


3. 


1 oz. string beans, 


1. 


1 oz. butter, 


1.5 


8 oz. mutton, 


8. 


1 pt. milk, 


4. 


16 oz. potatoes, 


1. 






8 oz. bread, 


3. 



142 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Class IV, No. 2. 
Total cost, 27.9 cents; P., 4.90 ounces; F., 2.98 ounces; C-h., 19.11 ounces. 



4 oz. berries, 
V2 oz. sugar, 
1 pt. milk, 
4 oz. chicken 
(broiled), 
1 oz. butter, 
8 oz. bread, 
1 cup coffee (8 oz.) 



2. 



i/4 



3.2 
1.5 
1.5 



3.5 



1. 
1.5 



2.5 
1. 



8 oz. bread, 
V2 pt. milk, 



1.5 

2. 



4 oz. beef, 
2 oz. rice (as cro- 
quettes), 

1 egg, 
% oz lard, 

2 oz. macaroni, 
1 oz. fat cheese, 
16 oz. potatoes, 
4 oz. bread, 

Class IV, No. 3. 
Total cost, 24.8 cents; P., 4.15 ounces; F., 2.76 ounces; C-h., 18.78 ounces. 



4 oz. beef, 

1 oz. butter, 

4 oz. bread, 

V2 oz. sugar, 

1 cup coffee (8 oz.), 



4. 2 oz. pork, 1.5 

1.5 2 oz. beans, x /2 

3 A 8 oz. potatoes, V2 

*A 2 oz. starch, 2. 

2 /s IV2 oz. sugar, 3 A 

2 oz. dried fruit, 2.5 
8 oz. bread, 1.5 

Class IV, No. 4. 
Total cost, 20.25 cents ; P., 4.35 ounces ; F., 2.48 ounces ; C-h 



4 oz. lean mutton, 4. 
8 oz. bread, 1.5 

V2 pt. milk, 1.5 

2 cups coffee, (8 oz. 
each), 1.3 



2oz. oatmeal, 
1 oz. sugar, 
1 pt. milk, 

1 oz. butter, 

2 oz. mackerel, 
4 oz. bread, 



V2 
¥2 

3. 

1.5 

1.5 



4 oz. chicken, 
16 oz. potatoes, 
8 oz. bread, 



4. 
1. 
1.5 



1 pt. milk, 
8 oz. bread, 
8 oz. fruit (as 

sauce), 
1 oz. sugar, 



19.82 ounces - 
3. 



1.5 
1. 



y* 



Total cost, 23.75 cents ; P. 



Class IV, No. 5. 
4.39 ounces; F., 2.85 ounces; C-h., 19.25 ounces. 



2 oz. sausages, 2. 4 oz. lean beef, 4. 1 pt. milk, 3. 

1 oz. butter, 1.5 16 oz. potatoes, 1. 1 oz. sugar, y 2 

1 oz. sugar, V2 2 oz. macaroni, 2.5 8 oz. bread, 1.5 

1 pt. milk, 3. 8 oz. bread, 1.5 1 cup coffee (8 oz). 2/3 
4 oz. bread, 34 

2 cups coffee (8 oz. 

each), 1.3 

Class IV, No. 6. 
Total cost, 18.5 cents; P., 4.20 ounces; F., 2.37 ounces; C-h., 22.46 ounces. 



4 oz. pork (lean), 

8 oz. bread, 

V2 pt. milk, 

V2 oz. sugar, 

1 cup coffee (8 oz.), 



3. 
1.5 
1.5 
14 

% 



2 oz. fat cheese, 
16 oz. potatoes, 
8 oz. bread, 



1.5 

1. 

1.5 



10 oz. bread, 
16 oz. potatoes, 
V2 pt. milk, 
% oz. sugar, 
2 cups coffee (8 oz. 

each), 
1 oz. butter, 



2. 
1. 
1.5 

y± 

1.3 

1.5 



Class IV, No. 7. 
Total cost, 23.25 cents ; P., 4.92 ounces; F., 2.26 ounces ; C-h., 19.60 ounces. 



4 oz. cracked wheat, % 14 oz. roast beef, 



!/2 pt. milk, 

4 oz. cold beef, 

legg, 

8 oz. potatoes, 

1 cup coffee (8 oz.), 

4 oz. bread, 



4. 



4 oz. wheat flour (as 
Yorkshire pud- 
ding), % 

1 egg, 2. 

y 2 pt. milk, 1.5 

16 oz. potatoes, 1. 



8 corn meal (as 

mush), 
1 pt. milk, 



The Minister's Widow.— The funeral of the good min- 
ister is over, and the heart-broken widow and her two daugh- 
ters sit down to confront the cheerless future. Salary stopped ; 
little provision in store ; removal necessitated ; daughters must 



DIET. 143 

earn a subsistence as they can, one by music, the other by 
fancy work and painting. The Century magazine is remem- 
bered, and Addie searches up the back numbers to re-read 
Prof. Atwater's articles upon diet, and now she is ready to 
cipher. She finds that by reducing his monthly diet No. 6 to a 
weekly ration, she can bring the table expenses within their 
resources, thus: 

Five and one-half pounds flour, 1£ pounds oatmeal, £ pound 
corn meal, If pound hominy, £ pound butter, i pound suet, 2^ 
pounds potatoes, £ pound cabbage, | pound carrots, i pound 
onions, £ pound sugar, i pound beef shin, £ pound round beef, 
i beef tripe, £ calves' hearts, \ pound pigs' feet, \ pound eggs, 
i pound cheese, 3£ pounds skimmed milk, f pound beans, f 
pound peas, 1 pound fresh fish, £ pound salt cod, J pound 
bacon, £ pound macaroni, i pound rice. This gives 26 pounds 
per week to each person, and costs only $1.28 per week. 

The Young Student.— A young man, at home on his 
first vacation from boarding school, knowing the sacrifices 
made for the education of the children, proposes to save on 
home living by a scientific dietary, and selects Prof. Atwater's 
monthly diet, No. 9, which he reduces for a week's experi- 
ment, as follows : 

Five and one-half pounds flour, f pound oatmeal, £ pound 
corn meal, 1-J pound hominy, £ pound butter, -J- pound suet, 5J 
pounds potatoes, £ pound cabbage, -J- pound carrots, i pound 
onions, 1£ pounds sugar, -J- pound beef, 1J pounds beef rump, 
li pounds mutton leg and chops, £ pound fowl, £ bacon, J salt 
pork, i pound eggs, 3£ pounds whole milk, -J- pound macaroni, 
i pound cheese, i pound tomatoes, i turnips — 28 pounds. 
Cost $1.63 per week for each person. 

Dr. J. L. Nichols lived in London on two meals a day, at 
a cost for food, of 60 to 80 cents a week, during arduous liter- 
ary work. Dr. C. C. Page lived several months, in splendid 
physical condition, on one meal a day, at a cost of less than 10 
cents a day. His diet was unleavened graham gems and fruits. 
We have personally known several students who lived at theo- 
logical schools and colleges on less than one dollar a week. 



144 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

National Examples of Diet. — National examples of 
the effect of diet may be found in the character and history of 
the Chinese, as compared with the Anglo-Saxon race. The 
Chinese have existed for many generations upon rice almost 
exclusively, while the Anglo-Saxons have fed bountifully upon 
a mixed diet. The diets may be thus contrasted — by parts in 
one hundred. 





Fiber. 


Fat. 


Force. 


Salts. 


Saxon, Mixed, 


9.91 


16.57 


20.93 


2.11 


Chinese, Rice, 


7.47 


0.80 


75.69 


0.90 



Attention is particularly called to the immense excess of 
starch and sugar (heat-producing compounds) of the Chinese 
diets, which corresponds with their similar excess of animal 
passions. 

Then, they are largely deficient in fiber foods with a cor- 
responding deficiency as a race, in muscular strength. Finally, 
the fats and salts which furnish brain and nerve constituents, 
only amount together to 1.70 in the rice diet, while in the 
mixed they are 18.68. 

With such a showing, well may the Anglo-Saxon claim to 
be the superior race. 

Taking the average supply of these constituents found in 
the blood of the Western nations as an indication of the physi- 
ological need, viz., 13.55 ounces, the Chinaman's diet is defi- 
cient 11.85, while the Saxon has an excess of 5.13 ounces, 
which explains at least in part why the discoveries and 
inventions of the age are so largely confined to these mixed- 
diet races. 

Lest any zealous advocate of Christianity should affirm 
that these are the products of the higher civilization which is 
itself the effect of Christian influence, we will have no dispute, 
but simply remind him that only the race-strength has made 
such triumphs of Christian culture possible, and that strength 
is in " blood and brawn " drawn from the food consumed. 

Other national examples in confirmation of this might be 
adduced, but this is sufficient to show the influence of diet 
upon national character, and goes far toward justifying Lud- 



DIET. 145 

wig Feuerbach's saying " Der Mensch isi was er isst" Man is 
what he eats. 

" The Jdeal Diet," says Dr. Schuster, " is that combi- 
nation of foods which, while imposing the least burden upon 
the body, supplies it with exactly sufficient material to meet 
its wants," which may be amplified thus : The ideal diet is 
that which furnishes all the materials for constructive supply, 
or repair ; to maintain normal heat ; to supply normal force ; 
to keep up the mechanical elements, together with an oxygen 
demand little if any above the average of 802 grams in twenty- 
four hours, and at the lowest possible cost. 

Tested by this standard, far from an ideal diet is the 
United States army ration, designed for service of the most 
exhausting nature. It consists of 1£ pounds fresh beef or £ 
pound salt pork and 18 ounces of bread for each 24 hours, to 
which is added 1-10 pounds of coffee, 2 4-10 ounces sugar and 
19 1-5 grains of salt. This gives of fiber foods 4.74 ounces, fat 
foods 13.23 ounces, and salts 0.96. The amount of fiber foods is 
but 1.28 ounces in excess of what is necessary for light work — 
and falls 3.32 short of the amount requisite for forced work. 
On the other hand the fat foods and sugars exceed the nor- 
mal demand by 9.98 for light work and 4.72 ounces for forced 
work. The British soldiers' daily ration is 20 ounces bread, 
12 of meat and 16 of vegetables daily, furnishing 3.848 calories. 

Another Diet, Xot Ideal, is that of a professional 
gentleman of our acquaintance, who works his brain exces- 
sively, but takes very little bodily exercise, and is as follows : 
Meat 5 ounces, sugar 1J, oranges 7, bananas 5, figs 1, dates 2, 
cheese i, butter 1, bread 3, and milk 1 pint ; total, 41f ounces ; 
consisting of fiber foods 1.83 ounces, fats 2.27, force foods 7.40. 
It requires 660 grams of oxygen to assimilate it and evolves 
1,807 calories, being deficient in oxygen 142 grams, and in 
calories 2,029. Looking more closely, he has but 53 grams of 
fiber food, while moderate work requires 119. He has but 65 
grams of fats, while he should have 145. He has but 213 
grams of force foods while he should have 486 to correspond 
10 



146 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

with moderate manual work. But his expenditure of nerve 
and brain substance requires a larger relative proportion of 
fiber and fat foods. Suppose then, that 10 ounces of meat and 
2 pints of milk be consumed, with the other articles as named, 
he will then have 87.22 grams of fiber foods, 98.63 of fats, 
264.74 force foods, and 2,392 calories. 

Condensed Rules for the Preparation of Home 
Dietaries by the Use of the Working- Table. 

1. By reference to pp. 197-199, determine the whole 
amount of food requisite for 24 hours according to the age, 
sex, work and exposure of the consumers, ranging for adults 
from 14 ounces to 45 ounces each. 

2. By reference to pp. 139-144, fix upon the relative 
amounts of fiber, fat and force foods demanded by the circum- 
stances, ranging from 1.6 to 5 ounces of fiber foods, 1.56 to 5.44 
ounces of fats, and 5.7 to 18.4 ounces of force foods. 

3. By reference to pp. 197, 198, estimate the number of 
calories needed for 24 hours by each consumer. 

4. Select the kinds of foods deemed desirable because of 
personal preference, convenience and cost, and add together 
their fiber-elements as given in the Working Table on Pages 
133-137 until they shall equal and not materially exceed the 
amount of fiber-foods determined upon in Eule 2. 

5. Do the same with the fat and force elements. 

6. Add together all the calories (noting that they are 
given per pound) of all the foods selected, and if the sum is 
about that fixed upon under Rule 3, the diet is right, provided 
good judgment has been used in Rules 1, 2 and 3. 

7. If the calories are much below, or greatly in excess of 
the number determined in Rule 3, then from the Working 
Table select some food or foods that will not change the fiber 
elements materially, but will increase or decrease the calories 
as required. 

General Principles of Correct Diet.— 1. The first is 
that the food must contain all the constituents needed for the 
building of every fluid and tissue of the body. This must be 



DIET. 14? 

so evident to all who have reached this page that it needs no 
amplification. 

2. The food should contain nothing posit vely obstructive 
or perverting to the functions of life. Certainly that which is 
designed to aid those functions, cannot, at the same time 
obstruct or pervert them and still retain its character as a 
helper. If it is a friend it cannot in the same act be a foe. Of 
the twelve elements that make up the body, there may be 
three or four in a particular tissue. A perfect food for that 
tissue only would have just those elements and none others. 
But that tissue is only one individual in a vast community, 
and is so related to the whole that what is not appropriated by 
it can be used by some other part without disturbing the har- 
mony of the adjustments of all the parts. Just as beefsteak 
cannot be used by the infant but is relished by and sustaining 
to the man, without at all interfering with the milk-food of 
the babe. 

Nature's balance is such that when all the tissues find their 
appropriate supply, each is so adjusted to all the others that 
none are injured. Such a supply is true food. Hence, the 
inference is clearly warranted that if any substance actually 
does obstruct or pervert any function of life, that is not 
true food. 

3. Food must be varied to meet the demands of tissue- 
waste. At one time thought, anxiety and care eat up the 
phosphorized tissues with amazing rapidity. At another, mus- 
cular exertion drains off the nitrogen as if by an open sluice- 
way. At another, perspiration steams away the water from 
the blood like a boiler in full heat. At another, malarial 
microbes exhaust the sodium chloride from the blood and it 
thickens into fever. Hence, wherever the strain of loss falls, 
just there must the stream of supply flow. 

Food is most effective when taken with pleasant accessories. 
As already stated, care, anxiety, and we might add grief, 
exhaust the phosphorus of the brain very rapidly. On the 
other hand, joy, good cheer, and satisfaction exhilarate. 



148 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

Therefore, a rueal eaten with pleasant social converse, mirth- 
ful sallies and abounding cheerfulness finds the stomach pre- 
pared by the general buoyancy of the nervous system to enter 
at once with corresponding spirit upon the work of digestion. 

Meantime the same kindly spirit has infused itself 
through the blood and gone rebounding to the remotest capil- 
laries there imparting to the most minute absorbents the thrill 
of a quickened, exuberant life. 

On the other hand, a meal partaken in gloom or discord, 
often "sets like lead " in the stomach, soddens the nerves, 
depraves the blood, and spreads a pall of half-paralysis over 
the little builders that would repair the wastes of the system. 

The proof that this is a true statement is found in the fact 
that even dyspeptics who can eat but little, and with the 
greatest circumspection at their own uncongenial tables, can 
sit for an hour unharmed at a feast of luxury where host and 
guests are alike agreeable, and the ripple of laughter chimes in 
with the clatter of knives and forks, and the clink, clink of 
spoons beats time with the joyfulness of the occasion. 

A picnic dinner of anything reasonable rarely disagrees 
with even confirmed dyspeptics ; and a supper from the camp- 
fire, eaten with cracking jokes and side-splitting narrations, 
goes quietly on its nourishing way, while that same meal amid 
the asperities, or even sobrieties of home, would entail a night 
of distress. 

Facts of Importance to Aid Right Eating'.— The 
fiber-elements of animal structures are superior as nutrients to 
those of vegetable origin. 

Eggs, meat and fish are almost perfect food ; add a little 
bread and butter or sweet fruits and they become perfect. 

Skimmed Milk has lost 22 pounds of butter to every 100 
pounds thus treated. 

Fish need more oil or grease in cooking than meats 
because where meats have fat they have water. 

Milk and other cold or solid substances taken into the 
stomach excite the flow of hydrochloric acid and decreases the 
railk curdling ferment ; the reverse occurs when taken warm. 



DIET. 149 

Milk after a hearty meal meets a large supply of hydro- 
chloric acid and is therefore curdled in indigestible lumps. 
Therefore it should be taken hot and alone. Lime water 
favors its feathery curdling. 

Food, if very compact when it enters the stomach, pre- 
vents the gastric fluid from working upon the interior of the 
mass. Therefore, a cup of warm drink after such a meal is 
beneficial. 

The Stomach has the most vigor in the morning after the 
night's repose ; therefore, breakfast should be the main meal. 

A Great Variety of food at one meal requires a greater com- 
plexity of chemical processes ; therefore, not more than three 
or at most four kinds of food should be taken at one meal. If 
variety be desirable, let it be found in the different meals. 

It is Possible to underfeed the strength while at the same 
time overfeeding the respiratory power ; that is, dying by 
repletion of carbon, and starvation of the tissues. 

The Stomach lacks digestive power when very weary, 
much troubled, or the previous meal remains partly undi- 
gested ; therefore, a hearty meal should not be taken under 
such circumstances. 

Food can only digest at about the temperature of 98° F. 
It can ferment at any temperature of the body. Therefore, to 
drink a glass of water at 60° during a meal, is to reduce the 
temperature below the digesting to the fermenting degree. 

Desserts, if digestible and nutritious, should be taken as 
some of the allowed kinds of food at that meal, and if particu- 
larly palatable, should be eaten first. Instinct teaches the 
horse to take his oats before the hay, and the child to wish for 
what tastes best first. 

Pastry is unfit for weak stomachs. 

Starchy Foods should become a soft pulp in the mouth 
before being swallowed. 

Disagreeing Things should never be taken. Mere gusta- 
tory pleasure can never change the settled chemical affinities 
of a man's digestive juices. 



150 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Sweets, if made such by the grape sugar that they contain, 
like figs, dates, etc., are healthy, while if sweet from the cane- 
sugar that they have, like candies, require an extra process of 
digestion, and are less desirable. 

Luncheons are physiological abominations, except in cases 
of insufficient meals. 

Going Hungry to Bed, is to invite sleeplessness ; better a 
lunch than that. 

Frijing is not a desirable way to cook food. 

Shriveled Stomachs should be enlarged by eating a piece of 
dry bread after they feel full. 

Digestion requires an ample supply of blood ; therefore, 
do not exercise violently, yield to very painful emotions, nor 
think profoundly after a hearty meal. 

Pork is not a healthful food. 

A Frame of Mind characterized by a purpose to take 
things by the bright handle and trust in God when that cannot 
be grasped, is a dyspepsia-slayer, and worth a mint of gold. 
The shock of a great disappointment often proves fatal, proba- 
bly because of the formation of virulent poisons in the retro- 
gade process of excretion because of the depletion of nervous 
energy. Napoleon the Great died in his prime, while his less 
ambitious brothers attained a hale old age. Napoleon the 
Third survived his defeat only a year and a half ; Horace 
Greeley, only a few months. Named in the order of their 
importance, the factors of longevity could be classed as fol- 
lows : Peace, frugality, temperance, country air, physical 
exercise. 

No Food should have any chemical, mechanical or vital 
effect deleterious to the functions of life. 

Hunger and Thirst when not abused tell when food and 
fluids are needed. 

Unvitiated Appetite tells what food is needed. Wild ani- 
mals make no mistake. Domesticated animals, in consequence 
of artificial feeding may. Man does habitually ; not because 
his physical instincts are valueless, but because they have been 



DIET. 151 

perverted until there is little of nature left. But that little 
should be cultivated until it becomes a sure guide as to kind 
and quantity of food, and the time when it should be taken. 

Reason Guided by Experience must, until that time, con- 
trol the appetite. Hence, the practice of fixing in the mind, 
or placing upon the plate, upon first taking a seat at the table, 
the quantity of food proper for that meal is highly com- 
mended. If, at the next meal-time there is no real hunger 
the quantity should be diminished until the appetite is pro- 
nounced. Meantime, if faintness has intervened, the line of 
proper restriction has been passed and a little more should be 
added next time. A few experiments will fix the amount 
necessary for the average demands of the system. 

The Expense of a Meal is no criterion of its nutritive value. 
In Berlin in 1890, 1,750,243 noon meals were served in the 
People's Kitchens (Volkeskneche) at a cost of 6J cents each, yet 
Mrs. E. H e Eichards declares that each " contained the proper 
nutrition in the right proportions," as it contained 6J ounces 
of meat or fish and 1-J- pints of soup. 

Changes of Diet, if radical, should be made by degrees 
unless the person is in robust health, or under the advice of a 
skillful phsician. But modifications of diet are often benefi- 
cial for a time, and when the benefit ceases others can be tried 
with renewed advantage. 

Cooking the Food is not merely for the sake of pleasing 
the palate, as it produces certain chemical changes in most 
foods which render them far more susceptible to the action of 
the digestive fluids than they are when uncooked. 

Oysters are Excepted, because its fawn-colored mass is its 
liver which is little else than glycogen and during life is sepa- 
rated from its own hepatic diastase, but crushed between the 
teeth the glycogen is at once digested by its own ferment. 

All Foods Without Much Waste Material, such as eggs, 
dried meats and fish, should be eaten with fruit, vegetables, or 
semi-liquid foods. 



152 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Starchy Foods, says Dr. N. Butiagin, when eaten by per- 
sons in ill-health, must be cooked from two to three times 
longer than for the well. 

Prof. Sticker has shown by experiment that saliva in the 
stomach promotes the secretion of the gastric fluid, which is 
what ought to be expected from the " mouth watering " upon 
sight or smell of appetizing viands. Nature certainly would 
not pour an obstructor upon a process which she purposely 
quickened for the occasion. 

Most Articles of food are both digestible and indigestible — 
that is digestible by some persons and in certain conditions of 
the stomach ; indigestible by other persons or in other condi- 
tions of the stomach. 

Experience and Observation should make every intelligent 
person a law unto himself as to what he shall eat. No social 
custom should be so imperative as to require the sacrifice of 
individual judgment in respect to personal diet. If one were 
obliged to confine himself to any one food-material exclusively, 
oatmeal would be the preferable article. 

Time of Digestion. (Dr. Baumont.) 



His. Min. 
Mutton (fresh), broiled . 3 
Mutton (fresh), boiled . . 3 
Veal (fresh) broiled ... 4 
Veal (fresh) fried ... . 4 40 
Fowls (domestic), boiled . 4 
Fowls (domstie), roasted . 4 
Ducks (domestic), roasted 4 
Ducks (wild), roasted . . 4 30 
Suet (beef, fresh,) boiled 5 30 
Suet (mutton), boiled . . 4 30 

Butter, melted 3 30 

Cheese (old, strong), raw 3 30 
Soup (beef, vegetables and 

bread) boiled .... 4 
Soup(marrow bones),boiled 4 
Soup (bean), boiled ... 3 

Soup (barley) 1 

Soup (mutton), boiled . . 3 
Green corn & beans, boiled 3 
Chicken soup, boiled . . 3 
Oyster soup, boiled ... 3 
Hash meat and vegeta- 
bles), warmed ... 2 30 



Hrs. 



Sausage (fresh), broiled . 3 

Heart (animal), fried . . 4 

Tendon, boiled .... 5 

Cartilage, boiled . . . . 4 

Beans (pod), boiled ... 2 

Bread( wheat, fresh ),baked 3 

Bread (corn) baked ... 3 
Cake (corn), baked . . .3 

Cake (sponge), baked . . 2 

Dumpling (apple), boiled 3 

Apples (sour, hard), raw 2 

Apples (sour, mellow), raw 2 

Apples (sweet), raw . . 1 

Parsnips, boiled .... 2 

Carrots, boiled 3 

Beets, boiled 3 

Turnips (flat), boiled . . 3 

Potatoes (Irish), boiled . 3 

Potatoes (Irish), roasted . 2 

Potatoes(Irish),baked . . 2 

Cabbage (head), raw . . 2 

Cabbage, with vinegar,raw 2 

Cabbage, boiled .... 4 



Min. 
20 

30 
15 

30 
30 
15 



30 
30 
15 
45 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 

30 



Foods, And Their Preparation. 



1st. Foods ix Common Use — Their Nature and Classification 
— When Appropriate and When Not Appropriate — Their 
Adulterations — Economical Substitutes For. 2d. Partic- 
ular Foods For Particular Needs — Fluids — Mushes, 
Puddings. Bread. Biscuit — Meats, Fruits and Jellies — How 
to Prepare These Foods. 3d. Infant Foods : Their Prep- 
aration and Use, 4th. The Manufactured or Prepared 
Foods— Tabulated for Dietary Use— Their Nutritive Value 
Shown, This Being a Practical Key to Their Use in Vari- 
ous Circumstances. 

As foods should be selected with careful reference to sea- 
son, climate, clothing, labor, mental states and constitutional 
peculiarities, a general knowledge of their individual qualities 
is of importance. But before attempting that, some general 
facts merit consideration. 

1. Hot Semi-Liquid Foods.— Whatever food be 
taken, hot semi-liquid foods, such as stews, broths and soups, 
should constitute a part of the diet of working people, because, 
within three or four minutes after they are taken, a portion 
will have reached the blood and begun to relieve the sensation 
of hunger, which, otherwise, might lead to eating more than 
the tired organism can care for. 

2. Soups Without Flesh. — It is not necessary that 
flesh should enter largely, or even at all, into the composition 
of such foods. Mr. Hills gives a recipe for soup. To make 
one gallon, take one-half pound whole wheat meal and one 

153 



154 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

pound of lentils and boil for two hours, then add one pound of 
potatoes (mashed) and one pound of mixed vegetables (turnips, 
carrots, parsnips, etc). Both potatoes and vegetables should 
be chopped or grated as fine as possible, and to make the best 
soup should be boiled separately from the grains. Add the 
vegetables to the grains, and boil furiously for another hour 
and stir well. Flavor to taste with butter, sweet herbs and 
spices. The soup can be varied from day to day by the intro- 
duction of other grains, i. e., oats, barley, rice, peas, beans 
and maize ; and where economy is the first consideration, the 
butter can be substituted by the best cotton-seed oil, or be omit- 
ted altogether. When properly made, this soup cannot be dis- 
tinguished from ordinary stock soup, i. e. , such as is used in 
the best hotels, and contains a far higher value of nutritious 
food. 

3. The Use of Meat. — Experience has shown that 
the use of meat as a staple article of diet is not required, either 
by the drain upon the vital forces of the hardest labor, or the 
most extreme exposure. The notions of Americans concern- 
ing the necessities of the table are so erroneous, that the sub- 
joined statements of the diet of the common people of the old 
world may be useful as a corrective. 

Norwegians. — Black rye bread and milk, and. cheese; on high days 
and holidays a little meat or fish. 

Swedes and Danes.— Black bread, eggs, cheese, vegetables; as a lux- 
ury only, fish. 

Russians.— Black rye bread and milk, pickled cucumbers, cabbage 
and mushrooms. Including the upper classes, the meat eaten by the 
whole empire averages one ounce a day per head. 

German States.— Meat on feast days only. 

French and Belgians.— Brown bread, potatoes, eggs, milk, cheese 
and garden produce. 

Italians, Spaniards and, Greeks. — Porridge, bread, macaroni, vegeta- 
bles and fruits. 

Scots. — Porridge, peas, barley meal, milk and kail broth. 

Irish.— Potatoes and buttermilk, meat at rare intervals. 

English.— Including the upper classes, they average four ounces of 
meat per day per head. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 155 

Buenos Ayres Negroes, at the shipping ports, carry sacks of coffee 
weighing 200 pounds or more, all day long, yet never touch meat 
as a food. 

After all that has been said about the necessity of fat meat and 
tallow in low latitudes, Sir John Richardson, M. D., one of the Arctic 
voyagers, says: "The servants of the Hudson's Bay Company are now 
finding out by experience, that although wh eaten bread does not give 
them adequate support, bread composed of maize flour (which contains 
10 per cent, of oily matter) answers every purpose, two and one-half 
pounds being fully equal in sustaining the capacity, both for muscular 
exertion and for bearing cold, to the eight pounds of fat meat of the 
ordinary ration/' 

Prof. Owen says: "The apes and monkeys, which man nearly re- 
sembles in his dentition, derive their staple food from fruits, grain 
the kernels of nuts, and other forms in which the most sapid and nutrP 
tious tissues of the vegetable kingdom are elaborated; and the close 
resemblance between the quadrumanous and human dentition shows 
that man was, from the beginning, adapted to eat the fruit of the trees 
of the garden. 

Sir Henry Thompson, Dr. Carpenter, Dr. Richardson, Dr. Lee and 
others, leaders in their profession, freely admit that meat is not a 
necessary food. 

4. The Relative Cost of a vegetable and a meat diet 
should exclude the latter almost entirely, except as a flavoring 
ingredient, from the dietaries of the necessarily economical iu 
all classes of society. 

A given acreage of wheat will feed ten times as many as 
the same acreage used in growing mutton. 

The lentil contains about 29 per cent, of flesh-forming 
food ; lean beef but 19 per cent. 

Seventy-two per cent, (nearly three-fourths) of steak and 
chops are water ; 12 to 15 per cent, of grains and pulse are 
water ; therefore they are much the cheaper. 

As to nutrition, Dr. Frankland showed that one pound of 
oatmeal will generate force enough to raise 2.439 tons one foo^. 
high. One pound of lean beef can raise but 885 tons. 
Boiled ham, lean, can raise 1.041 tons. 
Wheat flour can raise 2.383 tons. 
Lean veal can raise 726 tons. 
Pea meal can raise 2.341 tons. 
Beef fat can raise 5.G49 tons. 
But olive, nut, hemp and cotton-seed oil fully equal it, and but little of 
that is ordinarily eaten. 



156 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



The Nutritive Value of the Cereals and pulses is 
as three to one when compared with meat, and their economy 
is as eighteen to one. This is illustrated by the following 
table from Edenic Diet, and is worthy of study, as showing 
pounds of water and nutriment in the two classes of foods. 



FROM THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 







+2 






+i 








V 






ec 






Articles. 


3 


j/j 


Articles. 


s 


£ 






fc 


eg 






0> 


Milk 


14 

23 


86 

77 • 


Poultry 


26 

28 


74 


Fish 


Beef (lean) 


72 









FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



Articles. 



Peach 

Plum 

Cabbage 
Blackberry 

Turnip 

Currant 

Strawberry. 

Pear 

Cherry 

Apple 

Carrot 

Grape 

Parsnip 



+£ ■ 








<v 












'£ 


a> 


+3 


~ 






£ ' 




3 


85 


4 


81 


5 


91 


6 


86 


9 


91 


9 


85 


9 


87 


12 


85 


13 


80 


15 


82 


17 


83 


17 


79 


18 


82 



Articles. 



Potato 

Banana 

Sweet Potatc 

Lentil 

Barley 

Bean 

Corn 

Oats 

Peas 

Rye 

Wheat 

Rice 

Sugar 



25 

27 
32 

77 
83 
85 
85 
85 
85 
85 
85 
87 



68 
14 
14 
14 
10 
15 
14 
13 
14 
9 



The celebrated Count Rumford fed the Bavarian soldiers 
on four cents a day. His soups as used at two dinners in 
Munich, cost for each guest 1-J- cents, and were made by these 
recipes : 



RUMFORD SOUP, NO. 1. 

141.2 lbs. pearl barley. 
131.4 " peas. 

69.10 " wheat bread. 

19.13 " salt. 

1 gallon vinegar. 



RUMFORD SOUP, NO. 2. 

70.9 lbs. pearl barley. 

65.10 " peas. 
230.4 " potatoes. 

69.10 « bread. 
19.13 " salt. 

1 gallon vinegar. 



This was carrying cheapness to the extreme of the impoverishment of 
the force-power of the system as seen in the fact that his No. 1 soup 
gave to each person but 458 calories of energy, and No. 2 but 348. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 157 

In England and Sweden many experiments have been made upon 
a wiser basis, in the two-cent dinners for school children. The best 
scientific authority of the kingdom outlines the dietary for these 
cheap food enterprises. Five generous dishes to one person are not 
uncommon, and if one child fails to empty his plate a neighbor is sure 
to beg it. 

In Sweden, the social reformer called the Brandy King, gives to 
workingmen three meals a day — "the very best food that can be 
bought" for sixteen cents a day, and makes a profit of five cents a day 
on each customer at that. Care is taken to have the correct propor- 
tion of food constituents, and meals are sent to factories in specially- 
constructed vessels so that they will keep warm for hours. He has as 
many as sixty menus from which patrons can choose in the course of 
the year, and offers to provide any family of man, wife and two chil- 
dren, with dinner all the year for the price of their fuel and the rent 
of their kitchen. In this is not only practical cooperation, but a grand 
philanthropic and humanitarian agency. 

In Birmingham, England, at a cost of one cent each, they gave din- 
ners to the poor school children consisting of \ pint of soup, \ lentils 
and peas, and the other half Indian meal; a round of bread, 1-10 of a 
pound, and \ of an ounce of breadland jam. This is thoroughly satis- 
fying and is preferred by the children to bread and milk. 

Sir Henry Peck, M. P., provided 179,183 dinners during ten years at 
Rousdon. Devonshire, in which the following materials were employed: 
Apples, bread, currants, cabbage, carrots and parsnips, dates, flour, 
figs, gooseberries, honey, jam, lard and dripping, marmalade, meat, 
milk, onions, potatoes, peas, beans, lentils, pearl barley, pepper, salt, 
prunes, rice, rhubarb, raisins, suet, sugar, sage, spice, treacle, turnips. 
Certainly a gratifying variety; yet the cost was but 1.6 cents per 
dinner, per capita. 

Cheap Soups. — In order to encourage the people to 
check needless habits of table expenditure we have reduced 
several such diets prepared for hundreds, to a scale for family 
use. 

SOUP FOR THREE CEXTS PER GALLON. 

Lentil soup, 1,780 calories Pea soup, 541 calories 

per pint. per pint. 



Lentils 1 pound 

Indian meal 9 3-5 ounces 

Scotch barley 9 3-5 " 

Carrots and onions 9 3-5 u 

Salt 3 1-5 " 

Pepper 3-4 drachm 

Mint to taste. 

Water 2 gallons 



Split peas 13-5 pounds 

Indian meal 9 3-5 ounces 

Dripping 11-5 pounds 

Carrots and onions 6 2-5 ounces 

Salt 3 1-5 " 

Pepper 3-4 drachm 

Sugar 3 1-5 " 

Mint 

Water 2 gallons 



158 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



FRED. HARRISON'S DINNER FOR 140 PERSONS. 

Manchester, at a cost of three cents each for materials. 
Soup— 315 calories for each person. 

lbs. 



Lentils 10 

Rice Hour 2 " 

Rice 1 

Bread 18* " 

Pudding— 230 calories. 

Flour 14 lbs. 

Sugar 1 " 

Butter 2 " 

Baking powder 

Flavoring 

Jam : — 



Potato Pie — 444 calories. 



Flour 10 lbs. 

Tapioca 1 " 

Onions 8 " 

Turnips 5 " 

Carrots 7 '• 

Peas 2i •' 

Potatoes 80 '- 

Total, 989 calories for each 
person. 



CHILDREN'S DINNERS FOR THREE CENTS EACH. 



Liverpool, 120 children. 

14 lbs., peas. 

40 " potatoes. 

10 " onions. 

4 " carrots. 

4 " turnips. 

1 " olive oil. 

No. 1 Soup, 156 calories for each of 
80 children. 

5 lbs. peas. 
3 •• barley. 
2 " bones. 

| " beef dripping. 

\ " onions. 

No. 1, //ash, 439 calories. 

70 lbs. potatoes. 
\\ " onions. 
3 " meat. 



Monkwearmouth, 380 children, 
428 calories each. 

21 lbs. hominy. 
14 " barley. 
21 " raisin's. 
6 " condensed milk. 
21 " sugar. 

No. 2 Hash, 298 calories for each of 
80 children. 

49 lbs. potatoes. 
1£ " meat. 
1 " onions. 



No. 2 Pudding, 488 calories. 

21 lbs. flour. 

1 lb. lard. 

2 " baking powder. 
4 " molasses. 

Total, 789 calories per capita. 



Total, 595 calories for each child. 

The average calories needed by boys and girls from 6 to 15 years 
old being 1,666 and as they are supposed to have three meals a day, 
each meal would equal 555 calories. 

The Rumford soup dinners, therefore, fall short, No. 2, 207 and No. 
1, 97 calories; the Monkwearmouth dinner is deficient 127 calories; but 
the Prestou Patrick No. 1, is in excess 40 calories, and No. 2, 231 calories, 
while the Manchester ration is 434 calories in excess, or nearly double 
the need. The average of the whole gives 80 calories in excess of nor- 
mal need, and at an average cost of less than 2\ cents per head. 

Cheap Living*. — Of course such food made in small 
quantities for family use would cost somewhat more, but these 
illustrations perfectly demonstrate the fact that it is possible 
to be well nourished on appetizing food at a cost not exceeding 
three to four cents per meal for each member of the family. 



FOODS. AND THEIR PREPARATION. 159 

Dr. Densmore recommends a diet of three-fourths fruits 
and the other fourth nuts, or eggs, milk, cheese, and cottage 
cheese, but these last should have butter or vegetable oils added. 
His dietary for an average adult in good health and average 
work when flesh is used, is from 12 to 20 ounces of beef, mutton, 
poultry, or fish (these foods are about f water), divided into two 
of three meals per day, and enough fruits to satisfy the appe- 
tite. He prefers a diet of one pint of milk, four ounces of whole 
meal bread and sweet fruits for each meal. But the bread and 
meal give only 630 calories, therefore, it would be necessary, in 
order to get the 1,330 that are requisite, to consume nearly 
three-fourths of a pound of figs, or over two pouods of apples 
at each meal. Rather a serious undertaking for most people ! 
His meal of one-half pint of milk and one-half pound of dates 
which he declares makes an ample and satisfying meal for a 
person engaged in sedentary labor," yields but 644 calories, 
being 1,022 short of the requirement of boys and girls. 

5. The Frequent Adulteration of many articles in 
common use as foods requires careful scrutiny, and suggests 
the propriety of dealing only with men of known probity, who 
will not only refuse to be principals in such iniquity, but who 
will also as far as practicable shield their customers from those 
who would use them as dispensing agents in the nefarious 
business. We are indebted to the reports of the United States 
Department of Agriculture concerning food adulterations for 
much of the information of the following pages. 

OUR COMMON FOODS. 

THEIR USES, PROPORTION AND ADULTERATIONS. 

Arrowroot is the purest form of force-food, and is a 
variety of starch. Is apt to be musty, and when so should be 
rejected. Is adulterated with potato-starch. Its demulcent 
properties peculiarly fit it for use in intestinal and urinary dis- 
eases. Is much used as a substitute for milk for infants after 
weaning. 

Asparagus is a wholesome vegetable. It transmits its 
odorous principles through the kidneys into the urine. 



160 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Acids, in our food, are the following : 
Acetic acid in vinegar. Pectic acid in apples, pears, 
quinces, cherries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, 
oranges, tomatoes, carrots, beets, and turnips. Citric acid in 
lemons, limes, oranges and unripe grapes. Tartaric and 
JRacemic acids in ripe grapes. Malic acid in apples, pears and 
quinces. Lactic acid in sour milk and buttermilk. 
Bacon, — See Pork. 

Baking Powders.— The idea in all baking powders is 
to introduce a carbonate into the dough or flour, together with 
an acid to decompose it and liberate carbonic acid gas, which 
" raises" the dough. The notion generally prevails that noth- 
ing is left in the food, but this is a mistake, as the chemical 
salt resulting from the combination of the acid with the alka- 
line base, is still there, and may be more or less harmful. 
Bicarbonate of soda, and less frequently, bicarbonate of ammo- 
nia are the alkalies chosen, but the acids vary greatly. Not 
less than 75,000,000 pounds baking powders are used annually 
in the United States. The analyses and testimonials of chem- 
ists, when published as trade advertisements cannot be 
accepted. There are three kinds of powders, Tartrate, Phos- 
phate and Alum. 

Tartrate Poivders.—The residual salt from the tartrate powders is 
Rochelle salt,— one of the elements of seidlitz powders. If two tea- 
spoonfuls of this baking powder be used, that gives 165 grains of 
Rochelle salt in the loaf of bread or cake, or 45 grains more than is con- 
tained in a seidlitz powder, which is a mild purgative. 

The Phosphate Powders have for their acid, the acid phosphate of 
lime, (the superphosphate of fertilizers). Two teaspoonfuls of this 
leaves as a residue in the food 136 grains of phosphate of lime, and 358 
grains of phosphate of soda. This also is a mild purgative. 

The Alum Powders are ammonia alum, according to Prof. Cornwall* 
used in the form of "burnt alum." 119 grains of burnt alum with 126 
grains of bicarbonate, will leave a residue of 106 grains of sulphate of 
soda, 33 grains of sulphate of ammonia and 39 of hydrate of aluminum, 
a total, as it would crystal ize in the food of 313 grains of chemical 
salts, the ammonia of which is especially irritative. 

The use of alum in bread-making is prohibited by law in England 
and France. Dr. Danglish says " Its effect on the system is that of a 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 161 

topical astringent on the surface of the alimentary canal producing con- 
stipation and deranging the process of absorption. But its action in 
neutralizing the efficacy of the digestive solvents is by far the most 
important and unquestionable." 

Mixed Powders are alum with either tartaric acid or bitartrate, or 
both, and phosphate acid. Concerning these Prof. Cornwall says "The 
presence of either tartaric acid or tartrates in alum powders is very 
objectionable." 

The Phosphate and Alum powders are perhaps an improvement, as 
the residue is phosphate of aluminum instead of the hydrate, and the 
-oilphate of lime takes the place of one molecule of sulphate of soda: 

The tartrate powders generate 16% of gas and leave 104% residue. 
The phosphate " " 22" " " " 123" " 

The alum " " 27" " " " 128" 

The alum and phosphate " 17" " " " 111" " 

Carbonate of Ammonia is sometimes used in baking powders. This 
is sal-volatile or " smelling salts," and is mostly driven off by the heat 
in baking, but not entirely as is evident by the soapy alkaline taste 
that some baker's articles have. Five grains are a medical dose, and 
in larger doses it is a corrosive poison. Its use in cooking should be 
utterly abandoned. 

The cream of tartar and phosphate powders are decidedly prefera- 
ble, both on the ground of efficiency and health. 

A Good Home Ponder. — Dr. H. W. Wiley gives the following as 
formulas of a domestic baking powder, better than the average pow- 
ders on the market, that is made by simply mixing the ingredients. 
Any one can make it. 

No.l. No. 2. 

Cream of tartar, 8 ounces. 6 ounces. 

Baking soda, 4 " 3 " 

Corn starch, 4 " 1 " 

Available carbonic acid, 10.91. 13.70. 

Dr. Wiley says No. 2 is better than the best on the market, but the 
materials must be thoroughly dried before mixing, and it will not keep 
long without deterioration. 

The Strength of Various Brands. — As the percent- 
age of available carbonic acid is the chief thing sought in the 
use of a baking powder, we have appended it in each case to 
the name of the powder, as far as ascertained by the analyses 
of the United States chemist. In other cases we give the esti- 
mates of Profs. H. A. Weber of Ohio, and H. B. Connell of New 
Jersey, designating them in their order by l for IT. S. C, 2 for 
Prof. W. and 3 for Prof. C. The difference in the same pow- 
11 



162 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

der, in different packages, is in many instances over 20 per 
cent, and in one 62 per cent. , and arises probably from the fact 
that most, if not all, baking powders deteriorate by age, and 
suggests the need of a law compelling the manufacturers to 
put the date of manufacture upon every package sold. 

Cream of Tartar PoWders.—Roya\ 12.-74 1 , Dr. Price's 11. 13 1 , Pearson's 
11.60 2 , Cleveland's 12.58 1 , Snow Drift, 10.G0 2 , Upper Ten 11.30 2 , DeLand's 
10. 2 , Sterling 9.53 1 , Sea Foam 8.03 1 , Health 6.96 3 , None Such 12.643, Heck- 
er's 9.29 1 , Graves's Imperial 7.28 1 , Our Best 4.94*, The Best 11.603, Thur- 
ber's Best 10.26 1 . 

Phosphatic Powders.-- -Horsford's Bread Preparation 13.56 1 , Hors* 
ford's Phosphatic 14.95 3 , Wheat 3.79 1 , Rumford's Yeast Powders 12.86 1 . 

Alum Powders.— Empire 5.80 2 , Gold 6.70 2 , Veteran 6.90 2 , Cook's Favor- 
ite 5.80 2 , Sunflower 6.30 2 , Jersey 10.40 2 , Buckeye 6.90 2 , Peerless 7.00 2 
Crown 8.40 2 , Crown Special 8.60 2 , One Spoon 5.75 2 , Wheeler's No. 15, 11.35 2 
Carlton 6.60 2 , Gem 8.45 2 , Scioto 8.80 2 , Zipp's Grape Crystal 10.90 2 , Forest 
City 7.80 2 , Miles's Prize 9.63 3 , Four Ace 10.31 3 , Feather Weight 9.633, 
Vienna 6.41 1 , Metropolitan 8.10 1 , Cottage 6-62 1 . 

Alu7Yi and Phosphatic Powders.— Washington 8.81 3 , Patapsco in 
glass 7.58 1 , Tin 6.80 1 , Davis O. K. 8.10 1 , McDowell's G. and J. 9.703, Lincoln 
9.73 s , Purity 7.13 1 , Kenton 6.20 2 , State 6.70 3 and 8.423, Qn Top 9.17 3 , Perfec- 
tion 5.093, Our Own 10.47 3 , Silver Star 7.61*, Somerville 8.393, White Star 
10.093, Grape 10.023, Sovereign 8.96 3 , Atlantic and Pacific, A. & P. 7.91i 
Higgins 6.63 s to 11. 30 3 , Silver King 4.99 1 , Windsor 9.36 1 , Eureka 7.62* 
Brooks & Mc George 10.16 3 , Henkel's 7.74 1 , Mason's Yeast Powders 9.96^ 
Brunswick Yeast 9.81 1 , Silver Spoon 7.33 1 , Dixon's Yeast Powders 10.37 1 . 

Unelassed PovMers.— Silver Prize 8.14 3 , Orange 8.00 s , Our Best 4.98 J r 
Dooley's C62*, Miles's Premium 3.56. 1 

Beans. — Contain a large excess of nitrogenous food, 
hence require to be mixed with fat or force-foods. The New 
England baked pork and beans is an expression of a physiol- 
ogical need. Taken in solid form, beans are unfit for the 
dyspeptic and sedentary. 

Beef. — The chief danger from beef is in its diseased 
condition. 

Poisonous Beef. — Gartuer examined the meat from a cow that had 
been sick with diarrhoea for two days before she was killed. Many 
were made sick and one died from eating the meat. He found the 
bacillus entiritidis, with which he inoculated good beef, and some 
hours later gave to rabbits, guinea-pigs and mice, and they were killed 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 163 

by it. (V. and F., p. 50). The same authorities report many other cases 
embracing about 1,000 victims. The consumption may be given by eat- 
ing tuberculous milk or meat. 

Middle-aged meat is most digestible, nutritive and best- 
flavored. Meat of pale pink color is probably diseased. Meat 
of deep purple indicates fever, or death without being slaugh- 
tered. Good meat looks marbled, has little or no odor, is firm 
and elastic, will scarcely moisten the fingers, will remain dry 
on the surface after standing a day or two, and will not shrink 
much in cooking. The more beef is cooked the more indigesti- 
ble it is. Smoking makes it more indigestible than any other 
mode. 

Beef Tea. — Experiments have proved that this is gener- 
ally disappointing as a nutriment, sometimes beneficial and 
sometimes detrimental. 

[In the Practitioner for Nov., 1880, p. 324, Dr. Lauder Brunton 
observes : — " We find only too frequently that both doctors and patients 
think that the strength is sure to be kept np if a sufficient quantity of 
beef tea can only be got down ! But this observation raises the ques- 
tion whether the beef tea may not very frequently be actually injuri- 
ous, and, whether the products of muscular waste which consitute the 
chief portion of beef tea, or beef-essence [not nutritive at all], may nor 
under certain circumstances, be actually poisonous. In many cases of 
nervous depression we find a feeling of weakness and prostration 
coming on during digestion, and becoming so very marked at the time 
when absorption is going on, that we can hardly do otherwise 
than ascribe it to actual poisoning by digestive products absorbed into 
the circulation. From a number of cases I came to the conclusion that 
the languor and faintness which occurred about eleven and four 
o'clock, was due to poisoning by the products of digestion of breakfast 
and lunch. I have seen the conclusions to which I had arrived by 
clinical observations confirmed by experiments made in the labera" 
tory. Such experiments have been made by Prof. Albert oui of Genoa* 
and by Dr. Schmidt-Mulheim, in Prof. Lud wig's laboratory at Leipsic] 

Beef Tea and meat decoctions, Roberts declares, are 
simply stimulants and restoratives, not nutrients, so of Lie- 
big's extract of meat, Brand's essence of beef, and Valentine's 
meat juice (p. 185). This is doubtless true of many on the 
market as well as of much that is made in the home. 
The constituents of beef tea, says the London Lancet (a 



164 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

high medical authority,) " are mainly urea, creatin, creatin- 
ine, isoline and decomposed hsernatine, — exactly the animal 
constituents of the urine, except that there is but a trace of 
urea." 

But made after the formulae of Dr. Porter, analysis has 
shown a different result : Best quality bottom-round beef 5 
pounds 7f ounces. Cut into \ inch cubes, and cover in cold 
water two to three hours. Gradually warm to boiling and 
boil until the cubes are hard ; remove and press the cones and 
add the juice to the other liquid ; cool ; skim. Prof. E. J. 
Wright found in every 100 parts of this beef tea, 95.79 parts 
of water, 3.28 of fiber food, and 0.67 of mineral salts. This 
contains nearly as much fiber matter as is found in most sam- 
ples of milk. If the quantity had been condensed, then the 
fiber food would have been higher ; 128 ounces of this tea. 
besides securing the necessary quantity of fiber material, would 
yield 2,003,081 foot-pounds of heat. Yet, it should not be 
forgotten that defective digestion might render even this tea 
deleterious. 

Beer is made properly of barley and hops. Porter is beer 
with a high percentage of alcohol. Ale is also strong in alco- 
hol and is made of pale malt, with more hops than porter. 
Stout has less alcohol, more extract, and less hops than porter. 
Export beer, is specially prepared for long-keeping. German 
beers, Erlanger, Munchener, etc., are names of places. The 
general average of alcohol in beers is 4.25 per cent, of maltose 
1.88, and of dextrine 2.46, a larger proportion of dextrine to 
maltose gives fullness of taste and body. Deficient carboniza- 
tion makes beer "flat." 

Adulterations consist in using other grains than barley, rarely 
other bitters than hops, and often salicylic acid as a preservative. 
Bisulphite of lime andboracic acid are also extensively employed for 
the same purpose. In acute rheumatism, 3.9 grams of salicylic acid 
are sometimes used in twenty-four hours. In 1881 Girard found in beer 
1.25 grams to the litre (2.113 pints), and Dr. Cyrus Edison reported in 
1886 that " many, if not all, manufacturers of preserved foods are adding 
small amounts of this substance to their goods to prevent loss by 



FOODS, AXI) THEIR PREPARATION. 165 

decomposition.*' Dr. Bartley says that it requires from eight to ten 
grains of free salicylic acid to each gallon of beer in order to prevent 
the growth of ferments, and quotes with approval from the reports in 
1881 and 1883 of the Central Committee of Hygiene to the French Acad- 
emy of Medicine, declaring that beer contains 12 to 15 grains per gal- 
lon, and tliat its eifect is to "delay digestion and aggravate digestive? 
and kidney troubles." 

Bicarbonate of Soda. Dr. Otto Grothe, in 1885, reported to the 
American Society of Public Analysts that at 100 glasses to the keg of 
eight gallons, beer drinkers get about 12 grains of bicarbonate of soda 
in each glass. 

Yeast Cloud is incomplete fermentation, leaving yeast cells, and 
sometimes the bacteria of other fermentations. Dr. Simonowsky 
found that its effect is " 10 produce obstinate catarrh of the stomach." 

Minerals, lead, copper and zinc are often contained in beers, but 
chiefly in the first glass drawn in the morning, from the contact of the 
liquid with metal faucets. 

Berries are cooling to the blood, and Dr. Schlickeysen 
affirms that the most severe cases of chronic disease may 
often be cured by a fruit and berry diet, and cites as authority 
the fact that the ancients " banished lepers to the forests where 
they were obliged to remain until by a continuous diet of ber- 
ries the blood was purified and the disease removed." 

Blackberries, when fully ripe, are not only palatable but very 
wholesome. Where there is tendency to looseness of the bowels they 
should be chosen in preference to other berries. 

Cranberries, on account of their acid should be cooked only in por- 
celain, granite, or stone wave, and should not be sweetened until they 
have cracked open, unless they are to be preserved whole. 

Currants are too acid to be eaten uncooked until thoroughly ripe. 
The foreign dried currant, Zante, used in cooking is inferior in flavor to 
our native varieties, but needs but little sugar, and if properly cleansed 
is wholesome. Unbroken, they pass through the bowels undigested. 

Gooseberries, unripe, make excellent tarts and pies, and ripe, make 
good jams and preserves. 

Huckleberries, whortleberries and blueberries, contain but little acid, 
hence need but little sugar. One of their chief merits is the ease with 
which they can be preserved for winter use. Ordinary glass bottles 
filled and set uncorked into a covered boiler with about four inches of 
water and cooked for twenty or thirty minutes, then corked and 
sealed, will retain all their flavor until wanted. If much juice is 



166 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

desired the bottles can be filled just before corking with boiling water. 
Thus preserved they make splendid sauce, pies, and shortcake. 

Raspberries are much like huckleberries in chemical constituents 
and food-value. 

Strawberries are the perfection of all berries. Mrs. Foole says "A 
generous plateful heaped high and standing by it a tiny sugar-bowl 
and cream-jug, is a fitting concomitant of June roses, sunshine and 
greenery ; " and she quotes Sydney Smith. "Doubtless Goa could have 
made a better berry than the strawberry, but He never did." There is 
doubtless a reason beyond the mere gustatory pleasure in the popular 
association of strawberries and cream, and it is probably in the fact 
that they are so largely composed of force elements and entirely desti- 
tute of fats; but it is a mistake to eat them with ice cream, as the 
intense cold operates as an anesthetic upon the nerves of taste and 
robs the eater of a large amount of pleasure, besides chilling the stom- 
ach below the immediately digesting point. 

Beets. — When young are easily digested and from the 
abundance of sugar furnish about the same supply of force as 
beer. 

Bread, unleavened, is flour or meal moistened with 
water, salted, kneaded, rolled into sheets and baked before the 
fire, or on a griddle over the fire. Such are the oatcakes and 
barley meal, and pease-meal " bannocks" of Scotland, the flour 
" scones" of the East Indies, the " dampers" of Australia, the 
6t corn-bread " of America and the " passover cakes " of Israel. 
Unleavened bread with fruit constitutes the most nutritious 
and healthful of foods. Dr. Schlickeysen declares that light- 
ness of spirit, gentleness of disposition and an impulse to labor 
are the result of its use. 

Bread, leavened, requires the flour, salt, water and yeast, 
to start the process of fermentation, which generates the car- 
bonic gas, which, in trying to escape, becomes entangled amid 
the sticky gluten particles and thus forms multitudes of tiny 
air-sacks which swell (and raise) the dough. Then made into 
loaves they are subjected to a heat of from 320 F. to 572 F., 
which dissipates about 55 per cent, of the water, distends the 
air-cells still more, partially boils (steams) both the gluten and 
starch, arrests fermentation and changes the starch in the crust 
into dextrine. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 1GT 

In raising 90° must not be exceeded else the acetic fermen- 
tation will sour the dough. Baking should begin at about 400, 
may gradually decrease to .250. When cream of tartar and soda 
are used to raise bread, they should be exactly in proportion of 
21 soda to 47 of cream of tartar. If more soda is used, some 
will be left in the bread. Kneading bread breaks up the large 
gas bubbles and distributes the gas through the loaf. It should 
be done so gently as not to work the gas out of the loaf. 

Good bread contains not over 33 per cent, of water. 
About one-seventh of the flour is consumed in the ferment- 
ive process. Bread being poor in fats and salts, needs the 
addition of salted butter or other fat to make it an adequate 
food. 

Bread should be neither heavy, sour, bitter, moldy, nor 
too salt. Hot fresh bread is less digestible than stale because 
of its more adhesive or pasty quality. Bread is imperfectly 
made if it cannot be crumbled by the fingers into a coarse 
powder, if the fragments will not diffuse readily after soaking 
a few minutes in water, if the natural sweetness of the flour 
has been lost in the fermentation, or the slightest taste or 
odor of sourness can be detected in it. 

Other kinds of grain have less tenacious gluten than 
wheat, therefore, their dough is more granular and the bread 
necessarily less light because of the easy escape of the carbonic 
acid gas. 

Graham Bread.— Drs. X. A. Randolph and A. E. Rousel of Philadel- 
phia, conclude as follows : The force elements of bran are digested by 
man to but a slight degree. Nutritive salts of the grain exist chiefly in 
the bran, therefore, when bread alone is eaten it should contain the 
bran but when these sails are found in other foods consumed, as is 
usually the case, while bread is better. The larger portion of the glu- 
ten of wheat exists in the central 4-5 of the grain, exclusive of the 
bran layer, called gluten cells. The retention of bran causes the waste 
of other foods by hastening the action of the bowels. 

Prof. Good fellow has shown that when an individual lives on milk 
alone fur a considerable period, the waste varies from five to nine per 
«-ent., according to his digestive power. In a subject experimented on 
by him the waste was eight per cent., when fed on milk alone, but 



168 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

when graliam bread was given with the milk the waste rose to nearly 
eleven per cent. 

Bread Adulterants are mashed potatoes, alum, " hards " and " stuff " 
which are mixtures of alum and salt used to whiten bread. 

Water Gems are raised by the expansion of the water to 1,700 times- 
its volume of steam. 

Cakes made of eggs are raised by the expansion of the air to twice* 
its volume, the air being caught by the albumen of the egg. 

Butter.— Milk yields 3 to 6 per cent, of butter. A 
clean knife passed over it quickly looking streaky suggests 
adulteration. Pure butter melted on the tongue leaves the 
tongue perfectly smooth ; adulterated, gives a sense of rough- 
ness. Butter should not be used in acute fevers but is of great 
value in wasting diseases. Its chief adulterations are by the 
admixture of oleomargarine, lard oil and cotton-seed oil. 

Cabbage contain too much water, over 90 per cent., to 
be an economical food, yet as a vegetable it has value. Eaten 
raw it digests in 2-J hours ; raw with vinegar in 2 hours, but 
boiled it requires 4-J hours. 

Sauer Kraut is a form in which immense quantities of cabbage are 
used in Germany. The firm white hearts are sliced into thin shred* 
and laid in layers in a cask each layer being sprinkled with salt and 
sometimes juniper berries, cumin seed, caraway seeds, etc., then a 
heavyweight is placed on top audit is allowed to ferment slightly 
when it is removed to a cool place for use. 

Canned Goods should always be regarded with sus- 
picion unless preserved in glass, when, if properly prepared 
with not too much sugar or other preservative, they add 
greatly to the variety on the family table and contribute very 
materially to the success of military and naval operations, 
exploring and hunting expeditions, and the requisites of hos- 
pitals. In the use of tin can goods, the following precautions 
should be observed. 

Pour the contents as soon as opened into glass or earthen vessels. 
If the inside of the can-lid seems corroded, reject the contents. If 
there are more than one solder holes on top, the contents have fer- 
mented, been re-heated and re-soldered; not good. If the end bulges 
out, fermentation has begun; unsafe. 

Poisoning by Preserves in Tin Cans.— Nnger, Bodlander, Sache, 
Menthe, Sohner, Sedgwick, Beckurts, Nehring, Blarer, Winckel, Bet- 



FOODS, AM) THEIR PREPARATION. 169 

link, Kayser. and Von Hani el Roos., (the names are given to show that 
it is no idle scare) have found dangerous quantities of tin in asparagus, 
pears, lettuce, meat, soups, eels, apples, apricots, purslane, sauerkraut, 
carrots, liquids, fruits and food materials, and very many instances 
are on record of poisoning by the use of articles thus preserved. The 
German Congress of Physicians in Heidleberg in 1889, declared that the 
use of such articles should be prohibited. In the case of fruits and 
vegetables the malic acid dissolves the tin, and in the case of meats 
the albuminous matter forms sulphide of tin. In Holland, C. Verwer 
lias prepared a varnish which protects the can from the action of its 
contents. 

Carrots are easy of digestion, gently laxative, but with 
a volatile oil that gives a peculiar flavor, very disagreeable to 
many dyspeptics. Cut into small pieces and roasted they are 
used in Germany as a substitute for coffee. Boiled they are 
used sometimes as a vermifuge, and are of well-known excel- 
lence as a poultice. In the reign of Charles I. ladies wore the 
leaves as ornaments instead of feathers. 

Cereals are grasses cultivated for their seeds as food. 

Barley is deficient in gluten, hence cannot be baked into 
fermented bread, but it is rich in phosphatic salts, and on it 
the Greeks trained their athletes. It is the chief cereal of the 
most northern countries of Europe and their main dependence 
for vegetable food. 

BuckwJteat. — Though not botanically a cereal, is classed 
with them because so regarded. In France it is called Saracen 
wheat, in Germany, beechwheat. It is very nutritious, but 
when used as the staple grain for bread, it is thought to have 
an injurious effect upon the brain, but as a supplementary 
food it is highly esteemed, but is better adapted to cold than 
warm weather. 

Corn (maize,) Indian corn is a principal part of the food of 
many countries of Asia and Africa ; is the most productive 
cereal, and exceeds all others in fatty matter, but as it is defi- 
cient in gluten it cannot be made into raised bread. Mixed 
with rye meal it forms the brown bread of New England. 
Coarsely ground and boiled it is the hominy of the Southern 
states. Made into a thick porridge it is the mush of the North- 



170 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ern states. The entire grains are known as hulled corn or 
samp. Prepared with a weak solution of caustic soda it is 
corn flour, Oswego flour and maizene, which are less nutri- 
tious than the corn meal, and not fit for an invalid. The 
Oswego flour is used as a substitute for arrowroot. 

Oats contam almost 20 per cent, of nitrogenous substance. 
The best are raised in Scotland and oatmeal cakes and porridge 
form a great part of the food of the people there. Oatmeal 
soup mixed with fruits is highly commended by advocates of 
a fruit and vegetable diet. 

Oatmeal being almost as hearty as meat requires strong digestion . 
Says Hie London Lancet: "In the summer of 1872, it became necessary 
to shift the rails on upwards of 500 miles of permanent way on the 
Great Western line, from the broad to the narrow gauge, and there 
was only a fortnight to do it in. The work to be got through was enor- 
mous. About 3,000 men were employed, — and they worked double 
time, sometimes from four in the morning till nine at night. Not a 
soul was sick, sorry or drunk, and the work was accomplished on time. 
What was the extraordinary support of this wonderful spurt of mus- 
cular strength and energy ? Weak Oatmeal Gruel ! There was no beer, 
spirits, or alcoholic drink in any form. The principal part of the 
ration allowed in the above case Avas one and a half pounds of oatmeal. 

Oatmeal adulterants are barley, flour and rubble, i. e., the integu- 
ments of barley. 

Groats are oats stripped of their covering, and with milk furnish 
•excellent nourishment. 

Eye bread is much used in the north of Europe. It is 
dark, more laxative than wheat bread and less nutritious. 
Eye when affected with ergot is very dangerous. This is a 
diseased condition of the germ of the grain. 

Wheat, the most valuable and next to corn, the most pro- 
ductive of the cereals. The red varieties are inferior to the 
white. It is rich in phosphoric acid, magnesia and potash. 
Best spring wheat is richer in nutriment than other wheat. 
The best wheat yields from 76 to 80 per cent, of fine flour, 
while inferior gives only from 54 to 68 per cent. In general 
the smoother and thinner the skin of the grain the greater 
is the product of fine flour. The husk separated from the 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION". 171 

grain is bran, the finest portions of which are called sharps or 
pollard. Pure cracked wheat is not only nourishing but elec- 
trically vitalizing. Even as late as the Roman republic, the 
cooking of grain was regarded as injurious. 

Spelt and Lesser Spelt are distinct varieties from common wheat, 
the former being supposed to be the"Zea"of the Greeks and the 
** Far "of the Romans, and the latter is the St. Peter's Corn of the 
renter and south of Europe, 

Cheese is the Caseine of Milk and is rich in fat food, 
therefore, when digested is heat-producing, but when taken in 
large quantities is difficult to digest. Chemically, old cheese 
beginning to decompose, adds a fermentive principle to the 
meal that sometimes aids digestion, although it tends to pro- 
duce costiveness. One-half pound of cheese has as much 
nitrogen as 3| pounds of lean meat. Too rich for most 
dyspeptics. 

Cream Cheese is fresh curd moderately pressed. More digestible 
than ordinary cheese, and is good to vary the diet of the invalid when 
suited to his condition. As an albuminous food cheese should, not be 
eaten with eggs and meats, but with fruits and grains. 

Adulterants. — There are some factories where lard cheese is made, 
containing about fourteen per cent, of lard, and the imitation cannot 
be discriminated, even by experts, from full-cream cheese. Filled 
cheese is made by removing all the cream and charging the lard with 
deodorized lard, cotton-seed oil, or other fat. Prof. Weber gave the 
following results of analyses of cheese. 

Artificial. Per cent. 

52.73 

2.69 

2.63 

41.95 





Genuine. 


Per cent. 


Water, 




35.42 


Ash, 




2.47 


Fat. 




34.66 


Caseine, 


sugar, etc., 


30.45 



103. 100. 

Chicken may be classed with venison and mutton as a 
fiber-food. Young and carefully broiled it is a favorite dish of 
epicures, and is valuable as a children's food and as nutriment 
in sickness, when the nitrogenous element is required. Care 
should be exercised to select those that are healthy and in 
good condition, and they should not be kept until the slightest 
change occurs in the perfect freshness of the tissue. For inva- 
lids and quite young children the fat should be discarded. 



172 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Clams are much like oysters in nutritious elements but 
tougher and more indigestible. The soup, however, can be 
borne by most stomachs, and the broth put up in glass jars 
and kept on sale by some grocers is a most palatable and desir- 
able addition to the menu of either sick or well. A cupful 
taken warm as a restorative is infinitely superior to any of the 
wines, punches and sherbets which too often save from a tem- 
porary disease only to blast with the sirocco of an enkindled 
and then enthralling appetite which at last " stingeth as an 
adder." 

Cloves are the flower-buds of the clove-tree, dried by 
exposure to wood fires and afterward to the rays of the sun, or 
to the latter alone. They contain an essential oil forming about 
1-5 of their weight. This oil is what gives value to the clove. 
Out of twenty-two samples ten were adulterated with clove- 
stems, and roasted and ground cocoanut shells. 

Cocoa, the bean or seed of the cocoa, or cacao tree (Theo- 
broma cacao) is much richer in food materials than tea and 
coffee, but Weigmann found only 42 per cent, digestible, hence 
its nutritious value is largely overestimated. Cocoa decoc- 
tions, about 2 per cent, contain 12 to 20 per cent, albuminous, 
and 50 per cent, fatty matters. Unsuited to the bilious and 
dyspeptic. The actual nutrition in a cup of cocoa (2.5 grams 
of cocoa) is about l-244th part of a daily ration of fiber-food, 
l-150th of fat and l-790th of force-foods. This is without the 
addition of milk and sugar. 

Chocolate is the husked seeds of the cocoa , with 50 per 
cent., or more, of sugar and spices, ground to a paste at a high 
temperature and pressed into cakes. When not excessively 
sweet and spicy, is nutritious and wholesome. Hagenbuch 
found the amount of fat in several samples of chocolate to 
vary from 12 to 49 per cent. It is often adulterated by mix- 
ing rice flour and other farinaceous substances with butter or 
lard. 

Cocoanuts. — The Samoan chiefs assert that the cocoanut 
was sent direct from heaven. About nineteen millions were 



FOODS. AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 173 

imported into New York in 1889. They are the fruit of a spe- 
cies of palm which grows from 60 to 100 feet high. They 
constitute a large part of the food of many tropical peoples. 
The kernels contain over 70 per cent, of a fixed oil called cocoa 
butter, which is liquid in countries with temperature above 
74 : F.. and a white solid elsewhere. 

Coffee, — Medium strength=7 per cent. Very strong=12 
to 15 per cent. Contains the same principle as tea. Is more 
stimulating, relieves hunger and fatigue, is laxative to some 
and constipating to others. The least quantity to use is 1J 
ounces to the pint of boiling soft water ; steep without boiling 
a few minutes then add i as much boiling milk, and if desira- 
ble to be very rich, some sweet cream. Should be ground soon 
after it is roasted and made soon after it is ground. If kept 
after grinding it should be in a closely-stoppered glass bottle. 
For those not accustomed to its use it is an excellent nervous 
stimulant after exposure, to prevent contracting a cold. Cof- 
fee, as discovered by Prof. Carl Luderitz, and confirmed by 
Profs. Wees, Oppler, Rabatean and others, is a valuable anti- 
septic or preservative against epidemics of typhoid fever, chol- 
era, scarlet fever, and the various malarial fevers. It has also 
been proven to aid digestion and enables the blood to take up 
more nourishment than it otherwise would. It also quickens 
respiration and the circulation, and causes a rise in the body- 
temperature. In 1890, 490,181,755 pounds, 7.8 pound per 
capita, were consumed in the United Slates. Unroasted cof- 
fees contain from one to two per cent, of caffeine. The vola- 
tile oil. which is developed by roasting, has a laxative effect 
upon the bowels. Coffee grounds are nutritious because of 
the legumen they contain. Some Eastern nations use the 
grounds as well as the infusion. To increase its nutritive 
properties the French method of adding an equal quantity of 
boiling milk is to be commended. 

Adulterants.— Facing of inferior berries to sell for Java is common. 
Chicory is the common adulterant, although eanna seed, sawdust, oak 
hark and baked liver are sometimes used, according to Hassall. Cocoa 
husks 5 the seeds of the Cassia occidental is (Mogdad coffee) and of the 
Gaertnera vaginata (Masssenda coffee) are also used. 



174 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Acorns, figs, the coffees just mentioned, leguminous seeds ami 
cereals are employed as substitutes for coffee. 

Imitation coffees made of wheat flour, coffee, bran, molasses, chic- 
ory, rye, peas, barley, oats, buckwheat, sawdust, corn, are extensively 
manufactured and sold to dealers at from 5 to 11 cents per pound to be 
mixed with genuine in the proportion of 15 to 33 per cent, to increase 
their profits. 

Ground Coffees are very generally adulterated. Of 30 samples 
examined, 90 per cent, were impure, and while the average price was 
25 cents per pound, the average proportion of coffee was only 45 per 
cent., showing how unwise it is to buy coffee in that form. One sample 
of " Rio," had no coffee at all. Even green coffee is imitated. 

Cotton-Seed Oil is a fixed, bland, neutral oil expressed 
from cotton seed. More than four hundred thousand tons of 
seeds are used annually for this purpose in this country. The 
purified oil, called winter bleached, is much used as a substitute 
for almond and olive. Unpleasant and indigestible ; used raw in 
sardines and salads, but as a constituent of other foods it is 
extensively used and has no deleterious effect except upon the 
morals of the fraudulent dealers who dispose of it at enormous 
profit as an adulterant of various articles of prime necessity. 
The percentage of the oil varies from 10 to 30 in the seed. More 
than one hundred and twenty million pounds are used annually 
in adulterating lard. 

Cream.— Dr. Page insists that as cows are bred and fed 
their milk is abnormally loaded with fat, and that the excess 
of cream is of an excretory nature, therefore, not desirable as 
food. Undoubtedly, it should not be used in acute fevers but 
is of great value in wasting diseases and might be substituted 
with advantage in most cases for the digestion-destroying 
cod-liver oil. Cream has more volatile oils than butter and is 
better for the sick and those of feeble digestion, but the same 
care should be used to preserve it from contamination that is 
necessary in the use of mil k. 

Custard and Egg* Powder is a combination of various 
substances designed to use in the place of eggs. Adulterants- 
are wheat, potato and rice flours, colored with chrome yellow,. 
or chromate of lead, or turmeric. 



FOODS, AXD TOtIR PREPARATION. 175 

Duck, Wild.— The flesh of the duck classes with game. 
The domestic duck is the wild or mallard. Its food is chiefly 
animal. The Japanese and the black dusky duck of North 
America are nearly allied to the common duck ; as are also the 
summer or black duck of North America, and the mandarin or 
Chinese duck. 

Eels are serpent-shaped fish much used as food, having a 
soft, thick, slimy skin with scales so minute as to be almost 
invisible, or entirely absent. Poisonous eels made many per- 
sons sick near Orleans, in France, after eating them. They 
were from a stagnant cattle ditch. Those from slimy bottoms 
should be avoided, as it is with them as with fish, the purer 
the water the better the fish. They are too hearty for weak 
digestive organs. 

Eggs.— The white of eggs is albumen. At 160 it coagu- 
lates into a soft, tender jelly-like pulp. At 200 it becomes 
close-grained and tough. At 212, the boiling point of water, it 
is firm and solid. At 350, it becomes so tenacious that it 
becomes a valuable cement for marble, which shows the 
importance of cooking eggs at below the boiling point of 
water. The best way to boil eggs, is to pour on them boiling 
water and stand on back of stove eight to ten minutes. The 
yolk is more digestible than the white. The yolk of egg is the 
only food having the same amount of lime as milk, and should 
therefore be given to children when milk is not procurable 
or cannot be digested (Bunge, p. 111). To test the freshness of 
an egg, set it in a mixture of one ounce of salt to nine of 
water. A fresh egg will just sink in it ; a stale one will float. 
Artificial eggs are made in New Jersey having chemically the 
same properties but of course lacking in the important 
element of vitality. 

Fish is valuable food when properly proportioned with 
other food substances. When unsalted it should be used only 
when freshly caught. It should be taken either from the sea 
or from deep clear water, and is most digestible when smoked. 
May be used sparingly by the sick. Should be boiled in salted 



176 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

water. Fishes absorb the qualities of the element in which 
they live to such an extent that the trout caught in mountain 
brooks seem like a different species of fish from those taken in 
the mud ponds, where they are sometimes reared. 

Bluefish—A salt-water fish sometimes attaining a weight of twenty 
pounds. An excellent table fish. 

Cod almost rivals the herring as a food for man. One sometimes 
weighs a hundred pounds. The roe of the female contains from four 
to nine millions of eggs. Six thousand European vessels are employed 
in the cod-fishery. A man has been known to catch 500 in ten hours. 

Cod-Liver Oil is obtained from the liver of the cod. There are three 
kinds. The livers are placed in a tub with a layer of spruce boughs in 
the bottom and subjected to pressure, when the light-colored oil 
exudes. This is pale cod-liver oil. Allowed to putrify more oil escapes 
which is the pale brown oil. The residual livers are then boiled with 
water and thus the dark brown oil is obtained. The virtues of the pale 
kind have been vastly overestimated, while the other kinds are unfit 
for use. 

Haddock much resembles the cod. Is out of season in March and 
April, and is finest from October to January. 

Halibut is one of the largest kind of flat fish. The flesh is firm but 
dry; has but little flavor and is much inferior to the turbot. Is much 
used in Greenland and other northern countries, and sometimes weighs 
nearly 500 pounds. 

Mackerel is highly esteemed as a table fish, but they change very 
rapidly, hence care should be used to procure them quite fresh. Salt 
mackerel are much used but are unfit for weak stomachs. 

Roach is not considered a superior table-food. 

Sardines, much like the herring, are preserved in oil. Considered a 
delicacy, especially for lunch. 

Salmon.— Superior to any other fresh-water fish commercially, and 
for its fine flavor. Sometimes reaches from fifty to eighty pounds in 
weight. Feeds on anything that it can capture. The salmon trout has 
pink flesh, richly flavored and much esteemed, though not equal to 
that of the salmon. 

Trout.— A beautiful and delicate fish living chiefly on small crusta- 
ceans and small fish. Also eating readily almost any kind of animal 
food. Lake trout, inhabiting the deep waters of the Great Lakes, is 
much like salmon. 

Turbot.— The most valuable of the flat fishes. Sometimes reaches 
from seventy to ninety pounds in weight. American or spotted turbot 
sometimes reaches twenty pounds in weight. Both kinds are highly 
esteemed as a food. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 177 

Flour. — Should have a slight tinge of yellow, and should 
not be lumpy or gritty. When compressed in the hand it 
should hold together and show the prints of the fingers 
well. When thrown against a wall some of it should stick. 
Good flour makes an elastic dough that can be drawn out 
long without breaking. One-seventh of a barrel of flour is 
consumed by the yeast in raising the bread. There are two 
kinds of flour, bread and pastry. Bread flour contains more 
gluten than pastry. " New process" is bread flour. The " St. 
Louis " is pastry flour. Good flour should make a yellow- 
white instead of snow-white colored bread, with a nutty, sweet 
flavor. A barrel should make from sixty-three to seventy- 
three good four-pound loaves of bread. Flour should never 
contain less than eight per cent, of gluten, and good flour has 
fourteen. 

Graham Flour as ordinarily made is from inferior and often refuse 
wheat, and its excess of grit so rasps the delicate lining of the diges- 
tive tract that much nutriment is borne off with the waste. 

Farina is meal or flour of any kind of grain. Sometimes mixed 
with potato-flour and tapioca. 

Fruits encourage the natural processes by which the sev- 
eral remedial effects are brought about. 

Under the category of laxatives, oranges, figs, tamarinds, 
prunes, mulberries, dates, nectarines and plums may be 
included : pomegranates, cranberries, blackberries, sumach ber- 
ries, dewberries, raspberries, barberries, quinces, pears, wild 
cherries and medlars are astringent ; grapes, peaches, straw- 
berries, whortleberries, prickly pears, black currants and 
melon seeds are diuretics; gooseberries, red and white cur- 
rants, pumpkins and melons are refrigerants; and lemons, 
limes and apples are refrigerants and stomachic sedatives. 

Taken in the early morning, an orange acts very decidedly 
as a laxative, sometimes amounting to a purgative, and may 
generally be relied on. 

Pomegranates are very astringent, and relieve relaxed 

throat and uvula. The bark of the root, in the form of a 

decoction, is a good anthelmintic, especially obnoxious to 

tape-worm. 

12 



178 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Figs, split open, form excellent poultices for boils and 
small abscesses. Strawberries and lemons, locally applied, are 
of some service in the removal of tartar from teeth. * * * 
Apples are correctives useful in nausea, and even sea-sickness 
and the vomiting of pregnancy. They immediately relieve the 
nausea due to smoking. Bitter almonds contain hydrocyanic 
acid, and are useful in simple cough ; but they frequently pro- 
duce a sort of urticaria, or nettle-rash. The persimmon, or 
diospyros, is palatable when ripe ; but the green fruit is highly 
astringent, containing much tannin, and is used in diarrhoea 
and incipient dysentery. The oil of the cocoanut has been rec- 
ommended as a substitute for cod-liver oil, and is much used 
in Germany for phthisis. Barberries are very agreeable to fever 
patients in the form of a drink. Dutch medlars are astringent 
and not very palatable. Grapes and raisins are nutritive and 
demulcent, and very grateful in the sick chamber. The 
" grape cure" has been much lauded for the treatment of con- 
gestions of the liver and stomach, enlarged spleen, scrofula, 
tuberculosis, etc. Nothing is allowed but water and bread 
and several pounds of grapes per diem. Quince seeds are 
demulcent and astringent ; boiled in water they make an excel- 
lent soothing and sedative lotion in inflammatory diseases of 
the eyes and eyelids. 

Fruits should be eaten alone, or with stale bread and 
water, unless they are made to constitute an important part of 
each meal. 

Sulphuring or Bleaching of Dried Fruit. Dr. Smith says : While the 
apparent change is only in color, there is a loss of the natural fruit 
flavor, even by the most careful sulphuring. Unfortunately, some peo- 
ple do not notice the difference, but careful comparison shows it, as is 
admitted hy the manufacturers of such fruit. Later investigations 
have proved the presence of sulphate of zinc, '• white vitriol," in all 
samples of fruit where zinc-surfaced trays were used while drying. 
Interested parties have charged the German prohibition of American 
evaporated apples to rival trade opposition, but there is no German 
fruit to compete with them. The real cause was the finding of zinc 
poison in considerable quantity. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 179 

Apples all sprung from the wild crab-apple propagated by 
the Romans, and are the most valuable of all our native fruits ; 
richest in sugar and albumen. The juiciest are the most 
digestible, but the mealiest are the more nutritious. Contain 
about 15 per cent, of solids. There are over 1,200 varie- 
ties and diffused more widely over the earth than any other 
fruit. The largest on a single tree are the best. Red apples 
should be very dark, the lighter sort should have a yellow soft 
tint. Green apples usually have reddish spots when perfectly 
ripe. Thoroughly masticated, digestion begins immediately, 
but they should not be eaten as a dessert. The apple contains 
more phosphorus than any other fruit or vegetable. Is com- 
pletely digested in 85 minutes. Its juices are converted into 
alkaline carbonates which neutralize acidity. It is an excel- 
lent antidote to the drinking habit, also a specially good food 
for the insane, and children should generally be allowed their fill 
of them at regular times other than meal-hours. Children 
who get half their living from apples are usually the healthiest. 

Apricots. — Resemble the peach and can be substituted for it. 

Bananas. — Closely resemble the potato in their constitu- 
ents. In the West Indies they are almost a staple article of 
food, with a little salt meat or fish. Humbolt says, that a 
given amount of land will yield eleven times greater weight of 
potatoes than wheat, and 105 times greater of bananas than 
wheat. 

Blackberries. — Are agreeable and wholesome, usually 
agreeing better with persons afflicted with diarrhoea than any 
other fruit. 

Cherries. — Are especially fine for canning and cooking 
because they do not part with their flavor as readily as other 
fruit. 

Dates. — Are the staple article of diet in Persia, Arabia, and 
a portion of Africa. They contain 58£ per cent, of sugar 
besides gum and other essential elements. Should be pulled 
apart with the fingers and thoroughly cleansed, and are a good 
substitute for citron in cooking. Cakes of dates pounded 



180 THE SECEET OE HEALTH. 

together so firmly as to be cut with a hatchet are the food of 
the African caravans on their journeys through the Sahara. 
In Northern Africa roasted date-stones are used in the place of 
coffee. 

Figs. — The celebrated Bulleyn, botanist and physician, 
wrote : " Figges be good against melancholy and the falling 
evil (epilepsy), to be eaten. Figges, nuts and herb grace do 
make a sufficient medicine against poison, or the pestilence." 
Figs are nourishing, but the skin is indigestible. Too rich for 
feeble digestive organs. 

" Figs are often prepared by pouring boiling water on them (prefer- 
ably distilled or filtered rain, or other soft, jmre water) and allowing 
them to stand for some 24 hours; or they may be put into cold milk 
and allowed to remain over the fire until brought to a boil, then set 
aside, and they will be found fully softened in five or ten minutes. 
Many people relish cold milk with figs, to whom figs and milk cooked 
together are distasteful; in such cases it is very desirable that the figs 
be softened by proper soaking, and then eaten with the milk as 
preferred."— Dr. Densmore. 

Gooseberries and Currants (red, black and white) are 
wholesome, cooling, laxative. Excellent for preserves and 
jellies, and unripe for tarts. 

Grapes. — Dr. Schlickeysen calls the grape "the queen of 
the garden." Those who love wine would do well to take it in 
the form of these pills. In Germany and Switzerland, and at 
the "grape cures" patients consume from three to eight 
pounds a day with the best results ; — the cure consisting in 
living almost exclusively upon ripe grapes plucked fresh from 
the vines, during the whole season. Grapes are refreshing, 
wholesome and nutritious. Eaten freely are slightly diuretic. 

Lemons are too acid to be eaten alone. Good in rheuma- 
tism, and with tea. Much employed to make cooling drinks 
in fevers and biliousness, and in warm weather are very 
beneficial. 

Limes are a good substitute for the lemon, and by many 
are considered more agreeable. 

Nectarines are a substitute for the peach and are more 
tender. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 181 

Oranges are grateful and refreshing. Choose those that 
are heavy, thin-skinned, and with the greenish calyx still 
attached. The richest are the russet-skinned. Two million 
dollars' worth are imported into New York every year. One 
or two oranges before breakfast will do much toward restoring 
the natural function of the bowels in constipation. Oranges 
are an excellent cooling food in sickness and should rarely be 
denied to children or invalids. 

Peaches are a pleasant and refreshing fruit. Stewed, they 
are useful in slight cases of constipation. When perfectly 
ripe and sound they can be used by nearly all invalids, if not 
too much carbonaceous matter is taken at the same time. 
Evaporated, they almost equal the flavor of the undried fruit. 
They constitute a delicious food to mix with the sweet dried 
fruits and cereals of the fruit and vegetable diet. 

Pears are more digestible than apples, but more likely to 
derange the bowels. There are many coarse woody varieties 
which are usually eaten cooked, but their real value is not 
increased by cooking. There are over one thousand varieties 
existing. With peaches, plums and grapes they make a 
breakfast fit for a king. 

The Persimmon or Virginia date-plum is not palatable 
until touched by frost and is then sweet and astringent, and is 
much enjoyed by those who are accustomed to its flavor. 

Pineapples, while unfit for invalids, are one of the most 
delicate and richly flavored of fruits. They vary from &} to 12 
pounds in weight. The best varieties are among the most 
delicious dessert fruits. "Wholesome in moderate quantities 
but in excess are apt to produce bowel trouble. 

Plums are much like cherries. 

Prunes are dried from a certain variety of plums. 

Prwiels are the finest kind of prunes. 

Plums. — The best varieties are among the most delicious 
dessert fruits. Wholesome in moderate quantities, but in 
excess, particularly if not fully ripe, apt to produce serious 
bowel troubles. 



182 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Raspberries, one of the most valued of the small fruits, 
nutritious and wholesome. 

Tamarinds. — The acid and juicy pulp is valuable to make 
a cooling and laxative drink in sickness, but is too tart to be 
enjoyed as a table-fruit. 

Canning Fruit. — Good ripe fruit, glass cans, and glass or 
porcelain covers. Pack fruit in jars two-thirds full, set open in 
boiler with false bottom, clean towel folded over tops. Steam 
until fruit is soft. Then add syrup made according to table 
below. Have jar tops in pan of hot water; fill up jars from one 
in the boiler. Eun silver spoon in each jar to liberate air bub- 
bles. Screw tops on tightly. Invert jars on table. When nearly 
cool twist the tops a lit f ighter. Label with black ink on 
white paper ; stick on with paste contaiuing a few drops of 
glycerine to one-half cupful. Keep in a cool place. 

Djk. Susanna Dodd gives the following directions for canning 
fruits. 



Quanti'y 

of Fruit 

qts. 



Strawberries 

Reel currants 

Red raspberries 

Black " 

Raspberries and currants . 

Blackberries 

Gooseberries 

Cherries 

Sweet currants 

Black cherries 

Raisins 

Grapes 

Cranberries 

Peaches. 



Peeled pears 

Pears 

Prunes 

Damson plums 

Green-gage plums- 
Very tart plums — 

Dried fruits 

Apples 

Pealed peaches 

Tart cherries 



Water. 



qt. 

pts. 
(< 

qts. 
pts. 

qt. 



pts. 
qts. 



Cup-i 

pint 
Sugar. 



# cup 



2 " 
I " 
none 

1 " 
none 

1 " 
none 



2 cups 
1 " 



Cooking 
Time. 



15 min. 
6-8 " 
6-8 " 
6-8 " 
6-8 " 
6-8 " 

10 " 
5 " 



5 

6-8 



Fruit Pastes are made by mashing the fruit, straining, 
boiling down first rapidly then slowly, in porcelain or granite, 
and then finished in a stone jar or lightly heated oven. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 183 

Preserved Fruits are too sweet to be healthful. Less used 
the better. 

Candied Fruits, like preserved fruits are not wholesome. 

Fruit gelatine, though delicious, is not wholesome. 

Fruit creams, floats, and the like, are very suitable for light 
repasts in warm weather. 

Fruit ice creams have the same dietetic value as ice cream 
with the addition of the fruit flavor. 

Fruit ices are cooling mixtures flavored with fruit. Desira- 
ble or otherwise according to circumstances. 

Fruit tapioca, combines the food elements of both 
ingredients. 

Fruit pickles are appreciated as an appetizing relish though 
not wholesome. Best cider vinegar only should be used — 
scalded in granite or porcelain and spices added sparingly. 
Kept in stone or glass jars which have never held fat and kept 
in a cool, dark cellar. 

Fruit salads are cool and delicious adjuncts of a summer 
meal. 

Fruits hi Place of St arch es.— Dr. Densmore says: "It will be found 
that the sweet fruits of the South, preferably the fig, date, banana and 
raisin, abound in the same carbonaceous or heat-giving elements 
which predominate in bread. These fruits, however, differ from 
bread in that the heat-giving element is already glucose or grape 
sugar, perfectly prepared by nature, and when these fruits reach the 
stomach a large proportion of their nourishment is at once dissolved 
and passes directly into the circulation. The most important rule, 
then, for all is to discontinue starch foods and to substitute therefor 
such sweet fruits as those named above. If, however, it be found that 
after a time these fruits pall on the appetite, stewed raisins (or sul- 
tanas), prunes, peaches, apricots, or apples may be used with the 
sweet fruits, or in alternation with them. On such a diet the system 
will find its needed nitrogen in the animal foods, its heat-giving ele- 
ments chiefly from the sweet fruits and the necessary phosphates 
from both." 

Game consists of wild animals and fowl as distinguished 
from tame. Flesh has generally more flavor than that of the 
tame game. Has a peculiar flavor which renders it particu- 



184 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

larly appetizing to the convalescent and gratifying to the 
epicure. The very wealthy have, in all ages, spent fabulous 
sums in order to procure the choicest and most varied supply. 

Birds are especially rich in phosphate salts s therefore, 
peculiarly appropriate to the exhaustion of disease. Those 
with white flesh should be well cooked, the dark fleshed, rare. 

The Goose was probably among the first of the domesti- 
cated birds. Giblets is the name given to the gizzard, legs and 
heads of geese, sold in sets. Goose-ham is considered a deli- 
cacy, and the liver has been esteemed a favorite of epicures 
ever since the time of Rome. When old, the flesh is prover- 
bially tough, and when young and well cooked it is corres- 
pondingly toothsome, but is unfit for invalids. 

Hares are very much like rabbits dietetically, but are 
considered game, while rabbits are not. 

Venison. — When kept for a proper length of time is said to 
be the most easily digested of all meats. But the epicurean 
time, until the meat becomes tender, is exceedingly objection- 
able, because the tenderness is really the result of the first 
stages of decomposition. 

Ginger is one of the most valuable and most generally 
used of any of the spices. Its value consists in its volatile oil 
called oil of ginger. It is a stimulant, carminative and aro- 
matic. Adulterants are wheat flour and cayenne pepper, rice, 
potato, mustard hulls, turmeric, exhausted ginger and min- 
erals are also much used. Of sixty-six samples tested by tha 
United States experts twenty-nine were adulterated. 

Gums have the same composition as starch, but have no 
nutritive value. 

Hams are the cured thighs of oxen, sheep and hogs. 
Preserved by wood-smoke which contains pyroligneous acid, 
they are greatly esteemed as an article of diet by those who do 
not object to the use of swine. Should always be well cooked 
in order to obviate the danger of trichinea poison. In June, 
1880, over seventy persons were poisoned by eating poisonous 
ham, of whom four died with symptoms like cholera. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 185 

Herring' fishing has been carried on in England since the 
eighth century. It is the most important of all fish as a food 
product. They are caught all the year round. They have 
enormous fecundity, more than sixty thousand eggs having 
been counted in the roe of a single female. They are cured in 
Scotland, according to the instructions laid down by the 
fishery board. 

Honey OAves its sweetness to its glucose or grape sugar 
and requires one less process of digestion than cane sugar, 
because the cane sugar must be transformed into glucose 
before the system can appropriate it. Taken in moderate 
quantity it is nutritive and laxative. Sometimes it is poison- 
ous ; on account of the bees extracting it from the azalea pon- 
tica. and H. Bley affirms also from the datura stramonium and 
gelsemium. Its adulterants consist mainly of artificial glu- 
cose. Substitutes or factitious honeys are made of cane sugar 
and peppermint. Even the comb is imitated, filled and capped 
so adroitly that apparently good comb-honey is often bought, 
when in reality it is entirely manufactured without the agency 
of bees. Honey is apt to ferment in warm weather, and Di\ 
Miillenhoff believes that it is preserved in the sealed cells of 
the cone by the secretion with it of a little formic acid and 
has proved that the addition of one part of 25 per cent, formic 
acid is sufficient to keep permanently 250 parts of honey. 

Extracted honey is obtained by shaving off the caps of the cone 
and revolving the cone in *a basket so that the honey is thrown out. 
Strained honey is obtained by mashing up the cones used in the breed- 
ing partments containing honey, dead bees, bee bread, (mainly the 
pollen of plants) and catching what passes through the cloth. The 
strained honey of commerce is glucose with just honey enough to fla- 
vor it and will not granulate. Granulated or candied honey is pure 
honey crystallized by light and cold. The granulation is evidence of 
purity. Consumers may be sure of a good article by buying the granu- 
lated and liquifying it by placing a few moments in a jar of warm 
water. Any fruit may be preserved with honey by putting the fruit 
first into the can, then pouring honey over it, and seal air-tight, when 
the honey is poured from the fruit, it will have the flavor and appear- 
ance of jelly, making a delicious dessert. 



186 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

As a food, honey warms the system, arouses nervous energy, and 
gives vigor to all the vital functions, provided cane sugar is not used 
at the same time. When Rumelius Pottio, at over 100 years of age, was 
presented to the Emperor Augustus, on account of his marvelous 
health and strength, the secret of his spirits and strength was asked 
by the Emperor, his answer was, " Interns melle; exterus oleo" (inter- 
nally through honey, externally through oil). 

Of liquid honey, 108 out of 132 stores sold adulterated articles,— 
many not containing a particle of honey, but being compounded of 
glucose and cane sugar, the glucose costing three cents a pound, while 
the price of the so-called honey was uniformly twenty cents a pound. 

Horseradish roots are remarkable for their pungency 
owing to a volatile oil of powerful odor very similar to, if not 
identical with, oil of mustard. The roots are grated down and 
mixed with salads, or used as a condiment with roast beef, their 
stimulating property promoting digestion. They are also anti- 
scorbutic — that is — prevent and cure scurvy. 

Ice Cream. — It seems a pity to associate with such a 
luxury anything having even the shadow of a horror, but in 
1886, Vaughan and Novy obtained tyrotoxicon, a deadly germ 
poison, from an ice cream which had sickened many persons 
in Lawton, Mich. The cream had stood some hours (before it 
was frozen) in an old unoccupied building. Schearer found 
tyrotoxicon in ice cream which made many sick in Nugent, 
Iowa. 

Dr. George S. Hull, in a recent number of the Medical News, 
advances a very plausible suggestion as to the cause of Metallic Poison- 
ing in some ice creams, when he states that a modern ice-cream freezer 
with its contents, is in reality a galvanic cell or battery, in which the 
cream, especially if it is mixed with fruits, becomes the fluid, and the 
zinc and tin or zinc and copper, of the freezer becomes the positive and 
negative elements of the battery. Dr. Hull has proved that electrical 
action does take place in an ice-cream freezer, and, taking place, of 
course corrodes the metal in which the cream is contained, producing 
poisonous salts that vary in amount according to the activity of the 
corrosive action, and the length of time the cream remains in the 
freezer. Hartley suggests that cream is sometimes poisoned by poou 
gelatine, and Vaughan and Novy endorse the suggestion. In health ice 
cream should never be eaten with or soon after any other food. 

L.ard consists of the fat of the hog. More than six hun- 
dred million pounds are produced annually in the United 



FOODS, AKD THEIK PREPARATION. 187 

States, of which one-half is mixed with stearine and cotton oil. 
The stearine used in adulterating lard is derived from beef fat 
and cotton-seed oil. Usually there is enough lard in the adul- 
terated article to give it the taste and odor of the genuine, so 
that experts only can detect the difference. 

Its adulterants are beef suet, "neutral lard," "creamery butter- 
ine," (that is, 40 parts butter, 15 oleo-fat, 30 neutral lard). Oleo-fat, 
which is certain parts of the fat of beef (about 40 pounds per fat steer), 
are all used as adulterants, and there is no way of detecting them 
except by scientific processes. Prof. Wiley found in Armour & Co.'s 
mixed lard 24.83 per cent, of adulteration, not counting lard stearine as 
such, which if added, carries the percentage up to 37.24, and in Fair- 
banks's samples, G1.40, without including the stearine, and 92.10 with. 

Leeks are plants allied to the onion but with no proper 
bulb at the root. Bleached by earthing up or other means ; 
they are much used for culinary purposes, being much milder 
than the onion. 

Lobsters are crustaceans much esteemed for the table. 
The best season is from October to the beginning of May. 
They frequently change their shells, and their growth takes 
place with great rapidity when the shell is soft. The Norway 
lobster is considered by some the most delicate of all crusta- 
ceans. Lobster salad is much esteemed as a luxury, but rarely 
agrees with delicate stomachs. 

Macaroni was, originally, lumps of cheese and paste 
squeezed into balls, but now a peculiar manufacture of wheat 
which requires wheat with the largest percentage of gluten. 
The finest are the whitest in color and do not burst in boiling. 
Vermicelli and other Italian pastes are really different forms 
of macaroni. Largely consumed in Italy and exported to all 
parts of the world. 

Malt is barley in which by heat a nitrogenous principle 
called diastase is developed, which changes starch into dextrine 
and sugar. It is much used in making beer. Malt extracts 
are infusions of malt, concentrated by evaporation, at a temper- 
ature below 170 invacuo, to the consistency of a thick syrup. 
Chemically, besides water, they consist of 70 per cent, maltose, 



188 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

2 per cent, salts, 6 per cent, nitrogenous compound , and a- 
varying quantity of diastase. Hence as food, they are of lit- 
tle more value than so much syrup. But their digestive value 
is dependent upon the amount of diastase contained. 

Malt Infusion.— Three ounces crushed malt, thoroughly mixed in a 
jug with half pint of cold water, stand over night, decant from the 
sediment, and strain through three folds of muslin until fairly clear. 
Must be prepared fresh every day or preserved by adding a few drops 
of chloroform and keeping in a bottle well corked. One to two dessert 
spoonfuls should be diluted with milk or water and sipped occasion- 
ally through the meal. If preserved, and the chloroform is objection- 
able, stand in an open cup a few minutes and it will evaporate- 
(Roberts.) 

Meat.— In broiling in order to retain the juices of the 
meat the steak should be placed close to the coals long enough 
for the albumen to harden on the surface, then cook more 
slowly. So in boiling meat if the whole substance of the meat 
is desired to be retained in it it should be plunged into boiling 
water, but if soups or broths are desired, the meat should be 
put into cold water and cut in small pieces, and cooked gradu- 
ally. Baked meats retain more of the volatile aroma and 
unctuous juices than roast meats, and for this reason are less 
likely to be borne by weak stomachs. 

Cold Meat Infusions made from minced meat with half its weight 
of water, and allowed to stand for two hours, and then pressed through 
cloth, were found, on analysis, to contain over four per cent, of dry 
albumen. This amount of protein is equivalent to that contained in 
cow's milk. (Roberts.) 

Meat powder is made by cutting boiled meat into little pieces and 
drying thoroughly, then grinding as fine as possible in a coffee mill. 
The meat should be put into boiling water to boil. This powder equals 
five times its weight of raw meat, as it contains 13 to 14 per cent, of 
nitrogen. Salted meats and fish are unsuited to the invalid. 

Meat powder is of special value to the aged, to children who 
need this kind of nutriment, and to all who, for any reason, are 
unable to thoroughly masticate the fiber. May be spread on bread 
and butter. 

Melons are rich and refreshing, but often disagree with 
delicate stomachs. Dr. C. E. Paige states that in 1863 he was 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 189 

captured by the confederates and taken to Shreveport, almost 
dying with chronic diarrhoea ; for ten days he filled himself 
twice a day with watermelons and no other food, and made a 
perfect recovery. We well remember the surprise and almost 
horror with which the nation looked upon Dr. Tanner's fool- 
hardy experiment in 1880 (as it was regarded) of eating a large 
ripe watermelon for his first morsel of food after his forty days' 
fast. The fact is, that watermelon is one of the most healthful 
of foods if properly adjusted to other foods. 

Milk. — One quart should weigh 2 lbs. 2J oz. Its specific 
gravity should be at 60° from 1.026 to 1.030. Fifteen grains 
bicarbonate of soda will prevent it from souring and make it 
more digestible. Diluted with one-third limewater it will rarely 
cause biliousness or indigestion. When constipating, add a 
little salt. (Dr. Buddock.) 

The free use of milk promotes biliousness in many cases. 
Skim milk often agrees when whole milk cannot be taken. 
Hot milk will often be borne by the stomach while cold pro- 
motes indigestion. The chief reason why milk disagrees with 
so many is, because they eat so much force-foods at the same 
time. ' ' Milk should take a subordinate place in the diet of the 
child when weaned, and in the diet of persons of poor blood." 
(Bunge P. 112). 

When milk diet is used some carbonaceous food should be 
added (bread, rice or sugar) because the non-nitrogenous is 
deficient in milk. Hot, not boiled milk, slightly salted, is an 
excellent lunch between meals. 

Milk drank warm and fresh from the cow agrees some- 
times when it cannot be taken in any other way. About 
three and a half quarts a day are necessary in order to get the 
fiber foods. This requires considerable excess of oxygen and 
yields a very large excess of energy. 

Skim Milk contains nearly all of the proteins, sugar and salts of 
whole milk, and may be used as an article of food with great advant- 
age and entire safety before it sours. 

Buttermilk has the nitrogenous, sugary and saline constituents of 
milk, but with less fat. Very nourishing, slightly stimulating to liver 
and kidneys. 



190 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Sterilized Milk.— Milk is safest when boiled twenty to thirty min- 
utes. By so doing it destroys almost all of the micro-organisms that 
may be present. If taken without cooking care should be used as to 
its cleanliness and that no diseased milk be allowed to enter the sup- 
ply sold. Sterilizing apparatus is kept by many druggists. 

Milk for Infant Feeding.— The, claim is very generally made that if 
it be peptonized it becomes a proper infant food. But Prof. J. L. 
Smith says: "The peptonizing of milk, although it seems so advan- 
tageous theoretically, meets with a serious drawback especially in the 
hot months. The disadvantages in the use of milk peptonized in the 
nursery, relate to the milk supply, and pertain to the common use of 
milk supplied by the milk man From my personal observa- 
tion much of the milk received in tenement houses during the summer 
is unsuitable for the nursery, and such milk if peptonized, or in what- 
ever form treated, remains unsuitable. But milk from healthy cows 
and obtained under proper conditions and properly treated at the 
farmhouse, is, nevertheless, likely to undergo chemical changes, 
which impair its quality, and render it less suitable for infant feeding 
by the long time which elapses between the milking and the reception 
of the milk by customers. The milk distributed in New York in the 
morning in open vessels or closed bottles is the product of the milking 
of the previous morning and evening. Part of it is twelve and part 
twenty-four hours old, when it reaches the family. We have seen milk 
apparently good at first, but not cooled immediately after the milking 
as it should have been by being surrounded with ice or running water, 
develop in eight hours a poison (tyrotoxicon) through the agency of the 
animal and atmospheric heat, so that it produced symptoms like 
those of cholera infantum in those who partook of it at Long Branchy 
What then must be the quality of much of the carelessly managed milk 
which reaches the city and is served to families twenty-four hours 
after the milking, and how many cases of cholera infantum are pro- 
duced by it, when the cause seemed mysterious and obscure ?" 

Adidterants. — Milk is usually adulterated either by the removal of 
the cream, or the addition of water. The Massachusetts law requires 
that milk shall contain not more than 87 per cent, of water and 
not less than 13 per cent, of milk solids. This would be fat 3.7, 
sugar 4.9, casein 4.5, salts .7. In 1884, Dr. Harrington examined, 1759 
samples from all over the State and found 799 below the legal 
standard. A mixture of salt, saltpeter, saleratus, a trace of caustic 
soda, and a large quantity of sugar, is largely used on the Pacific 
coast as a milk adulterant. Chalk, salt, annotto, gum, dextrine, ultra- 
marine and cerebral matter are used for the same purpose. Girard 
found from 0.25 to 1.85 grams of salicylic acid in each liter examined. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 191 

In 1886, seventy-three persons were poisoned at hotels in Long Branch 
by the use of milk that had been canned while warm and carted sev- 
eral miles in the hot sun. Xewton and Wallace found tyrotoxicon 
crystals in it. (V. and N. P. 67.) 

Mutton ranks as a food with venison. Should be boiled 
in salted water. The thick, tough membrane just inside of the 
outer skin should be removed before cooking, else its peculiar, 
disagreeable, woolly flavor will be imparted to the meat. 
Mutton broth is particularly beneficial in bowel diseases. 

Mushrooms are almost as nitrogenous as meat. They 
are used for ketchup, and dried and powdered and added to 
sauces and stews. Poisonous mushrooms can be distinguished 
from the edible by the membranous ring which in the edible is 
near the top and in the poisonous is near the bottom. Also by 
the white color of the gills, the warts on the upper surface of 
the pileus, and the powerful odor of the poisonous. 

3Iustard. — There are two kinds, the black and the white, 
the black being much the stronger, and contains about 28 per 
cent, by weight of a bland oil of mustard, obtained by pres- 
sure, also a volatile oil of mustard of exceeding pungency 
which gives to ground mustard its rubefacient quality, and 
which resides chiefly in the husk. For the sake of the color, 
the husk is removed and only the interior of the seed ground, 
which so weakens it that capsicum and other pungent materi- 
als are added. Other things are added to increase its bulk. 
Out of fifty samples thirty-nine were adulterated with wheat 
flour, turmeric, corn starch, bean meal (sometimes as high as 
60 per cent.) and mustard cake (from which the oil had been 
expressed). The prepared table mustards are simply con- 
diments compounded according to the recipe of each 
manufacturer. 

Nuts are especially valuable to vegetarians in winter as 
their oily substance furnishes a large amount of fat food. 
They contain more elements of nourishment than butter and 
meat combined, are not uncleanly, and cannot be adulterated. 
Salt should alwavs be used with them. 



192 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Chestnuts form a principal part of the food of the poor in the South 
of Europe, used roasted or boiled, or made into flour. They are nutri- 
tious, but tend to produce flatulence unless the digestive organs are 
remarkably vigorous. 

Hickory Nuts are exclusively North American. They are much like 
walnuts, although belonging to another genus, and include the shell 
or Shag bark, the Kisky Thomas nut, the Springfield nut, the Pecan, 
Mocker, the Gloucester nut, and Pig and Bitter nut. 

Brazil Nuts are the seeds of a tree that grows from 100 to 120 feet 
high, in the northern parts of Brazil. The seeds grow in a seed-vessel 
as large as a man's head and so hard that it requires a sledge-hammer 
to break it. The white kernel of the seed when fresh is very agreeable. 
They yield a large quantity of oil. 

Hazelnuts on pressure yield about half their weight of a bland, 
fixed oil called nut-oil in Briton; but in Germany walnut oil is called 
nut-oil. Hazelnuts not kiln-dried lose their agreeable flavor unless 
kept in air-tight vessels. 

Filberts are a cultivated variety of hazelnuts as are also cof-nuts. 

Walnuts were cultivated by the Romans in the reign of Tiberius. 
An excellent pickle and a kind of ketchup are made from the unripe 
fruit. Ripe, it is one of the best of fruits, wholesome and nutritious. 
Nut-oil is used as a common article of food in some parts of Europe. 
Black walnuts are much inferior to the common walnuts. 

Olives, gathered before quite ripe, steeped in lime water and pick- 
led, are much enjoyed by those who have learned to relish them both 
as appetizers and promoters of digestion. But with these, as with 
many other articles thus designated, their effect depends so largely 
upon the other things eaten with them, that the assumed effects must 
not be depended upon in any general way. Dried olives are also used 
as food in the South of Europe. The Spanish are considered the best. 
The flowers of the fragrant olive of China and Japan are used by the 
Chinese for flavoring tea. 

Olive oil is the most digestible of fats, and should be pale, clear 
and free from rancid odor, and without flavor. It is adulterated with 
cotton-seed oil, poppy oil and the essence of lard. Says Mr. Mason, 
United States consul at Marseilles : " Very few brands or firm-names 
are any longer a guaranty of purity." Over 2,000,000 gallons of cotton- 
seed oil are exported to Marseilles from the United States every year, 
more than half of which is used to adulterate olive oil and return to 
the United States under a heavy duty, to be sold as pure olive oil. 

Onions. — In Spain and Portugal a raw onion is often eaten 
like an apple, and with a piece of bread forms the dinner of 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 193 

the working man. It contains a large proportion of fiber-food 
as well as sugar and an acrid, volatile, sulphurous oil which is 
largely dissipated by boiling. The Bermudas are considered 
the best. They stimulate digestion under the right conditions, 
out are not tolerated by some stomachs. They stimulate the 
secreting organs, hence are very wholesome to those who can 
use them. 

Oysters are very nutritious and easily digested when not 
over-cooked. Should not be cooked until they shrivel. Can 
sometimes be tolerated (especially raw) when all other solid 
food is rejected. Poisonous oysters were taken from an artifi- 
cial bed near the outlet of a drain from a public water closet 
in Havre, France. (Pasquier.) 

Peas like beans are very rich in nitrogen ; so much so 
that during the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 the chief food of 
the German army was erbswurst, — pea meal and bacon fat, 
pressed into skins and boiled, and enabled them to endure 
great fatigue. Should not be freely eaten with meats or eggs 
but as a vegetable substitute for them, and when constituting 
a considerable portion of the diet, fats should be added. (A 
kind of pulse food like beans is rich in nitrogen). In Europe 
they are much used ground into meal, in soup made from split 
peas and roasted. Stewed while green they form a nutritious 
vegetable food. 

Pepper.— White pepper is simply the black divested of 
its outer coat. It is an irritating stimulant, rarely if ever as use- 
ful as the red. Prof. S. A. Lattimore's analyses in New York, 
1381, of 180 samples, showed 122 adulterated to the extent of 63 
per cent. Samples from Baltimore mills had very little of the 
poorest pepper, being made mostly of cracker dust, yellow 
corn, cayenne, and charcoal. 

Ground Pepper, black and white. In Canada of 60 sam- 
ples 28 were adulterated, most of them from ten to 20 per cent, 
and some up to To per cent, with mustard husk, pepper hulls, 
clay, sand ; and ground cocoanut shells. That a similar condi- 
tion exists in the United States is evident from the fact that 
13 



194 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

in 1882 Dr. E. E. Wood examined 205 samples of spices, etc., 
and found 135 of them adulterated to an average of over 60 
per cent. And in 1885 he examined 446 samples, of which 231 
were adulterated to the extent of over 52 per cent. 

Red Pepper (cayenne) is a pure stimulant and increases 
the flow of the gastric juice. Should be used in place of the 
black in all cases of cold stomach, inactive mucus membrane, 
and deficiency of capillary circulation. 

Adulterants.— Wheat flour and colored earths. Ten samples out of 
24 adulterated. 

Pickles are made of a variety of green fruits and vegeta- 
bles, and to a limited extent have a useful place in the dieta- 
ries generally used, although it is doubtful if they would be 
allowed in a strictly hygienic diet. Those cured in manufac- 
tured vinegar should be discarded, and the acetate of copper 
should be suspected if they have been prepared or kept in 
copper vessels. Colored pickles should also be rejected. 

Pork. — The flesh of the hog, deemed by most hygienists 
as unfit for human food, yet very largely consumed. 

Bacon. — The chamois hunters of the Alps on their hunting 
expeditions sometimes go for days together with bacon fat 
and sugar as their only food. Easy of digestion, and by 
Boland considered " a valuable food for children four or five 
years old. Given with bread or potatoes it will often be taken 
when bread is refused." But it may be seriously questioned 
whether some vegetable oil would not be better, if any food at 
all is required in such cases. We deprecate such general 
statements of the utility of certain things, for, while they may 
be true in particular conditions the recommendation becomes 
a license for their use in conditions vastly different. 

Potatoes are a starchy vegetable greatly overused in 
this country in connection with the other starches and sweets 
so generally employed. From September to June they should 
be steamed. If boiled it should be with the skins on because 
when peeled the salts waste to the extent of 14 per cent, while 
unpeeled only 3 per cent, are lost. They are most nutritious 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 195 

roasted, and generally agree better with weak digestions thus. 
They should be large, firm, not frosted nor growing, and 
when cooked should be mealy. 

Pumpkin. — Common gourds are pumpkins. Sometimes 
reach 70 pounds. In many countries they form the principal 
part of the food of the poorer classes, and even of the wealthy. 
The squash is nearly allied to the pumpkin. The pumpkin is 
apt to disagree with weak digestion. 

Raisins, the dried fruit of sweet grapes, contain more 
sugar and less acid than grapes undried. More nutritious, less 
cooling. Muscatels best, because dried on the vine. Espe- 
cially valuable in the fruit and nut diet, but not very digesti- 
ble or desirable in ordinary diets consisting so largely of cane 
sugar. The skins and seeds should be rejected by those with 
feeble digestive power. 

Rice is the starch food of one-third of the human race. 
Should be thoroughly cooked and eaten with some fat or albu- 
mens, or both. Easily digested. Especially good in bowel 
diseases. 

Rice Jelly, is rice boiled five or six hours, cooled, water 
strained off, and jelly eaten in warm milk. 

Sagx) is a force-food prepared from the pith of the sago- 
palm. A variety of starch that must be soaked one to two 
hours before using, and possesses the ordinary qualities of 
starch-foods. 

Salt is chloride of sodium, and as it exists in considerable 
quantity in the blood, it seems to be a physiological demand 
that it be furnished in the diet. Herbivorous animals take 
three or four times as much of salts of potassium in their food 
as the carnivora. H>nce, vegetable food is the cause of the 
need for salt in the herbivora, because common salt is with- 
drawn from the blood by the union in it of a part of its chlo- 
rine with the potassium making chloride of potassium instead 
of chloride of sodium. Besides, the soda disengaged by the 
union of the chlorine and potassium unites with the acid that 
was in union with the potassium, and thus a sodium carbonate 



196 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

is also formed. These are expelled by the kidneys as foreign 
substances, and instinct immediately calls for a fresh supply of 
chloride of sodium from without to restore the integrity of the 
blood-plasma. (Bunge.) 

A man living on potatoes takes forty grams of potas- 
sium per day. In France it has been shown by statistics that 
the country people eat three times as much salt as the city 
people who live more on meat. 

Sausage. — Chopped pork and beef salted and peppered, 
and encased in the entrails of the hog in the form of links. 
Objectionable upon the ground that pork is used, that they 
are a mixture of pork and beef, and that frequently refuse 
portions are incorporated. Only fit for strong men at active 
labor. Muller reported 124 cases of sausage poisoning, forty- 
eight of them fatal. Probably from putrefaction resulting 
from the method of preparation. (V. & F., P. 43.) 

Von Faber observed sixteen persons made sick by eating 
fresh sausages from the flesh of a pig that had had an abscess 
on the neck. Five died. 

Sea Weeds, richer in nitrogen than oatmeal or maize. 
Steep in water to remove salts, then, if bitter, add a little car- 
bonate of soda and stew in water or milk until tender. Flavor 
with pepper and vinegar. 

Soups, generally esteemed so healthful at the beginning 
of a meal, Bunge says, should not be taken then, because they 
dilute the gastric secretion too much. This is doubtless true if 
solids immediately follow, but if time be given for the absorp- 
tion of the fluid, the objection does not hold. In so far, how- 
ever, as soups partake of the character of beef extracts they 
are open to the objection thus vigorously stated by an English 
writer. 

*One of the greatest blunders of Liebig, as a physiologist, was asso- 
ciated with one of his greatest chemical triumphs ; we refer to the sub- 
stance (obtained from chopped flesh, from the smooth muscles, from the 
blood, and the urine) called creatine (C 8 IF N 3 O 4 ), and to its alkaloid, 
creatinine (C 8 H 7 N 3 O 2 ), which is ammonia conjugated with a highly 



# 'Liebig's investigations, , says Lehmann, * constrain \a to regard 
creatine as a product of excretion." Phijs. Chem. i. P. 139. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 197 

nitrogenized substance, containing one atom less of hydrogen than 
caffeine. It is found, like creatine, in the muscles, the blood, and the 
urine, where the two occur in an inverse ratio (creatine never in putrid 
urine), facts which clearly indicate that creatinine is the derivative. 
Yet how confidently was this substance, for a season, bruited as the 
nutrient essence of beef! — ready-made nourishment — and the solid fiber 
cast to the credulous cats ! Under the guise of beef -tea, or gravy soup, 
and commended as the at last discovered Elixir Vitae, gentlemen and 
ladies drank basins of the Excretive Soup! The poisonous stimulus 
which it gave to the weakened system, was, as in the case of strong- 
coffee or alcohol, mistaken for strength ! " This substance" (creatinine) 
says Moleschott, " may be considered as decidedly an excrenientitious 
body, which has passed into that stage in the tissues themselves. The acid 
peculiar to the flesh technically called tumsinie acid, which is to be 
found in the muscles associated with lactic acid, most probably belongs 
also to the products of regressive transformation." Tyrosene, says 
Lehmann, is formed during the 2 m t re f ac ti° n of albumen, fitrin and 
casein : formula C 16 H N0 5 f. 

Spices. — The present method is for the retailer to order 
goods at a certain price ; the miller then sends a mixture con- 
taining such a percentage of pure materials as the price war- 
rants, the weight being made up with cheap but harmless 
diluents ; e. g., one New York firm sold 5,000 pounds of cocoa- 
nut shells in their " pure," " extra" and " superior" spices. 

Starch, useful to form fat and force. Should always be 
cooked, else the envelopes of the granules will prevent diges- 
tion. Corn starch is too heavy for the invalid. 

Sugar (cane) very sweet, from the cane and teet root. 
Grape sugar (glucose) not so sweet ; abounds in grapes, fruits 
and vegetables, — produces fat and force, and is absorbed with- 
out digestion. The West Indies' negroes are said to always 
grow fat about cane-pulling time. Milk sugar (lactose) found 
in the milk of the mammalia. %i Demerara crystals" sugar con- 
tains chloride of tin as a coloring agent, which passes into the 
molasses as a poisonous element. Sugar is rarely adulterated 
at present prices. Of sugar candies twenty-five samples were 
examined, and not one was pure. Of 250 samples, 218 were 
colored, and forty-eight different adulterants were found in 
them. 

Syrup. — The uncrystallized sugar solution drained from 
raw and refined sugars, called also treacle and molasses. 
Golden syrup is syrup drained from refined sugar, reboiled and 
filtered through animal charcoal. Laxative if freely used. 
Girard found from 0.5 to 1.50 grams of salicylic acid to the 



198 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

liter of syrup. Of fifty samples of molasses only nineteen 
were found pure by one analyst. 

Maple Syrup from the sugar maple. A large part on the 
market has very little, and much of it no maple whatever in its 
composition, the maple flavor being given by extract of hick- 
ory bark. Sometimes called "mapleine." As a rule, the 
stronger the statement of purity is on the label, the more 
reason there is to believe it adulterated. 

Tallow, the fat of beef. Sometimes used as a shortening 
in place of lard. Furnishes about as much force but is less 
palatable than lard. 

Tapioca is a starch force-food prepared from the root of 
the tropical plant Cassava. 

Tea is made from the leaf of the tea-plant. Chinese tea 
has eight per cent, of tannin. One part of tannin in 10,000 of 
food prevents salivary digestion. There is about one-tenth of 
a grain of theine in an ordinary cup of tea. 

" Theine is a restorative agent to the nervous system, and is 
opposed in its therapeutic properties to the action of the essential oil. 
The infusion, therefore, of tea or coffee may induce palpitation in a 
heart liable to excessive or inco-ordinate action ; but theine, on the con- 
trary, may be looked to, therapeutically, to quiet palpitation." Dr. 
Snap toil. 

"Theine is built on the chemical type of the alkaloids, a class of 
bodies which nature forms in plants, but not in food-plants, --bodies 
that include narcotics, stimulants, hypnotics, deliriants, poisons, 
tonics." Prof. A. B. Prescott. 

Tea, four to five parts, by weight, to 100 parts boiling water, ranges 
from 2% to 7%, is beneficial (1) to the overfed and sedentary, for they 
need increased vital action; (2) to the old whose vitality is deficient; 
to those who have a non-perspiring skin ; (3) late in the day to quicken 
digestion; (4) during excessive heat to relax the skin; (5) for those of 
strong nerves. Tea is harmful (1) to those of spare habit and to the 
underfed; (2) to the young who are full of vitality ; (3) to those who per- 
spire much ; (4) early in the day, for it then increases tissue waste; (5) 
to the nervous and hysterical and those whose hearts are weak. (Dr. 
Buddock.) 

The best teas color the water the least. Pouring hot tea over a slice 
of lemon with the rind on improves the flavor and allays thirst. The 
later investigations of Dr. Roberts have i>roved th«t both lea and cof- 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION". 199 

fee retard digestion in a degree proportioned to their strength, which 
lie considers a needed effect in order to prevent our foods which are so 
prepared as to yield up the maximum of nutriment from being too rap- 
idly passed out of the system. There are few spurious, but many infe- 
rior teas on the market. The practice of "facing," i. e., coloring is 
common, and renders the sale of inferior teas as of better quality very 
easy, but is probably not specially deleterious to health because of the 
minute quantity of the coloring material used. 

Tomatoes. — Much used for sauces, catsup, preserves, 
confectionery, and pickles. A popular notion attributes the 
increase of cancer to the use of tomatoes. But it probably has 
no foundation. 

Turkey. — One of the most valued kinds of poultry. 

Turnips. — About ninety to ninety-six parts of its weight 
are water. Young leaves are good for greens, especially those 
of the Swedish kind or rutabaga. Its strong flavor and woody 
fiber disagree with delicate stomachs. 

Veal is too hard of digestion to be a desirable food for the 
feeble. 

Vegetables require soft water, and cabbage and carrots 
can hardly be boiled too long. 

Asparagus. — Very wholesome, eaten as soon as cut. 
Greenest heads best. Good for rheumatism, gout and gravel. 

Cabbages while not very nutritious nor easy of digestion 
are richer in nitrogen than any other vegetable. They are apt 
to produce flatulence on account of the large proportion of 
sulphur contained. 

Carrots and Parsnips. — Pleasant, may produce flatulence. 

Celery contains much woody fiber. Should be eaten with a 
light lunch of bread and cheese. 

Cucumber, raw, is indigestible. Stewed, is wholesome. 

Leeks, if white and of little smell, are good and digestible. 

Leguminous Seeds (pulses) are peas, beans, etc. 

Peas are delicate and nutritious, boiled without their pods, 
if so youn^ that the skin cracks in boiling ; otherwise indigest- 
ible unless soaked, stewed and crushed. 

Lettuce, cooling, digestible, mildly soporific. 



200 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Onions, very wholesome, if readily digested. 

Pumpkins, not very nutritious, but easily digested. 

Rhubarb, contains oxalate of lime ; should be avoided by 
those subject to calculus. 

Spinach, wholesome, laxative. 

Vinegar is the product of acetous fermentation of a sac- 
charine material. Cider vinegar is the only kind in general 
use. One part in 5,000 delays salivary digestion one-third. One 
part in 1,000 delays salivary digestion more than seven times. 
One part in 500 absolutely prevents it. (Roberts.) Yet is use- 
ful in moderate quantities in some cases of biliary difficulty. 
Where cider vinegar cannot be obtained an artificial vinegar 
can be prepared. To one gallon of water add li pounds of 
sugar and a pint of yeast ; keep three days at a temperature 
from 75 to 80. Draw off into a refining cask and add one 
ounce of bruised raisins and one ounce of crude tartar to each 
gallon. When the sweet taste has entirely disappeared, cork 
tightly and bottle. 

Distilled Vinegar is simply acetic acid distilled from Avood and 
diluted with five times its volume of water. This contains five per 
cent, of acetic acid, and is called proof vinegar. Is much used by 
pickle manufacturers. Adulterants consist of burnt sugar and sul- 
phuric acid. 

Venison, the flesh of the deer, is less nutritious than beef 
but more digestible, hence is much sought for by the conval- 
escent. 

Water is hard when it contains carbonate of lime in solu- 
tion. It is six degrees hard when a gallon consumes as much 
soap before making a lather as will combine with six grains of 
carbonate of lime, and so on. Hard is useful for rickety chil- 
dren. Water is unfit to drink if it contains more than one- 
tenth of a grain of iron or copper to the gallon, or a very much 
less quantity of lead. Deep well and deep spring waters are 
best. Water in which ice is melted is unwholesome. Better 
fill bottles with water that has been boiled and cool them by 
contact with ice. Cold water should not be taken with meals. 
Dr. Beaumont gave St. Martin a gill of cold water and the tern- 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 201 

perature of his stomach fell at once from 100° F. to 70° F., and 
it was more than half an hour recovering the heat it had lost. 

Whey. — One pint of milk mixed with one teaspoonful of 
liquid rennet set in a warm place until it curds, then strain. 
Is a useful variety of milk food in sickness. 

Wines.— The grape juice is about 60 to 70 per cent, of the 
weight of the grapes. The sugar of the juice is about 20 to 30 
per cent, of its weight. The fermentation of the sugar gener- 
ates about 50 per cent, of its weight of alcohol. 

Antiseptics.— Prof. E. W. Hilgard has laid down the broad principle 
that "whatever impedes fermentation also impedes digestion." 
Sulphuric acid, or plaster (sulphate of lime) is often used, as are also 
salicylic acid and boracic acid. Of sev nty samples analyzed eighteen 
had salicylic acid, thirteen had sulphuric acid, and two had both. 

Alcohol in wines varies from 5.7 to 27.15 per cent., the average being 
11.5 per cent. The New York law allows alcohol to be added (" fortify- 
ing") to the extent of eight per cent, of its volume, which would give 17 
or 18 per cent, in the wine. Girard found from .81 to 3.50 grams of sali- 
cylic acid in each liter, while Dr. Edson condemned over 5,000 gallons 
made of dried fruits, water and sugar which contained four and a half 
grains of salicylic acid to the pint. 

Sweet Wines.— Prof. Parsons found in a "Sweet Muscatel" 31 per 
cent, of sugar, and in a "California Port" 21 per cent, of alcohol by 
weight, and Prof. Crampton says of the Muscatel and Angelica, "very 
little grape juice enters into their composition," "they are chiefly 
composed uf alcohol, sugar and water." 

3. PARTICULAR FOODS FOR PECULIAR NEEDS, AND 
HOW TO PREPARE THEM. 

It is an unquestionable fact that very many sick people 
have been actually starved to death, and multitudes have been 
crowded from curable to incurable conditions by the sick-diets 
(called diets for the sick) that have been relied upon in the 
past. And it is the burning shame of the medical education 
of even the present, that every year hundreds of students are 
graduated from our medical colleges, without any instruction 
whatever upon how to feed those whose lives are entrusted to 
their care. 



202 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

For the purpose of showing the real food-value of many of 
the articles named in this section, they are compared with 
whole milk, lean meat and wheat bread, these being rated as 
follows, viz. : 

Fiber. Fat. Force. Minerals. Water. ^?J^ S 

Milk, 3.7% 3.4% 4.9% 0.6% 87.5% ' 310 

Bread, 8.9" 1.9" 55.5" 1.0" 32.7" 1.280 

Meat, 19.5" 16.0" .... 1.0" 63.5" 1.034 

The reader should bear in mind the facts that a man at 
moderate work needs every day 125 grams (4.3 ounces) of fiber- 
foods yielding 512 calories of heat, and also enough fat and 
force foods to increase the calories to 3,500. 

Also that the ratios for persons of different classes as given 
by Prof. C. D. Woods are : In a state of health, for man at 
moderate work, 10 ; woman at moderate work, 8 ; child, 6 to 15 
years, 7 ; child 2 to 6 years, 5 ; child under 2 years, 2-J. This 
would require fiber elements and calories as follows : For a 
man 125 grams of fiber elements and 3,500 calories per day ; 
woman, 100 grams and 2,800 calories ; child, 6 to 15, 87^ grams 
and 2,450 calories ; 2 to 6 years, 62£ grams and 1,750 calories ; 
under two years, 31 grams and 875 calories. 

The last period should be subdivided into at least three. 
A child two years to 14 months old as stated, requires food 
containing 31 grams of fiber elements and enough fat and 
force foods to supply 875 calories daily ; 14 months to six 
months, about 15 grams and 437 calories ; under six months, 
about 7.5 grams and 218 calories. But comparison with moth- 
er's milk shows that 370 calories a day are required under two 
months, and 20.1 grams of fiber elements at 20 ounces per day. 
Hence the lowest figure should be over 350 calories. 

Substantially the same ratios may be fairly assumed to 
exist where the similarity of diseased conditions approximates 
the likeness in health conditions, but the nature of the disease 
will necessarily largely modify both the quantity and charac- 
ter of the food required. A perfect food in health for light 
work has about eight per cent, fiber element, and yields an 
average of 1,200 calories to the pound. That is about the 
average of good bread. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 203 

The Following Diets are meant to merely suggest 
now selections of foods can be made for certain conditions, not 
to direct such selections ; nor are all the articles under one diet 
to be used simultaneously. The various articles are described 
in detail in the subsequent pages. 

1. For Convalescence from Typhoid Fever, Dysentery, 
Cholera, Inflammation of Bowels, etc. — Albumen water, black- 
berry cordial, Carnrick's diet, milk thickened, oyster broth 
No. 1, and rice water. 

2. For Same. — Blackberry cream, chicken milk No. 1, 
mutton broth No. 2, rice boiled, and rice milk No. 2. 

3. For Recovery from Acute Gastritis, Acute Cystitis, 
Acute Inflammation of Kidneys, etc. — Fortified gruel, gum 
arabic and homemade koumyss. 

4. The Same. — Beef pulp, smoked beef broth and our 
toast. 

5. Exhausting Hemorrhage. — Beef broth No. 1, bean bread 
soup No. 2, buttered toast, eggnog No. 2, date pudding, oyster 
broth No. 2, puree and our tea. 

6. Shock. — Be^ broth No. 2, beef essence, milk punch, 
milk substitute and restorative jelly. 

7. Starvation. — Eggs boiled and egg coffee. 

8. Anaemia. — Beef tea, Porter's, chicken milk No. 2, cod- 
fish creamed, fruit pudding, grape juice No. 2, malt and milk, 
our coffee No. 2. 

9. Blood Poison, Urcemia, etc. — Fruit, oatmeal soup, oys- 
ters roasted, unleavened wafers, raw diet No. 6. 

10. Plethoric Apoplexy. — Baked potatoes, banana sauce, 
lemonade, barley and orange cream. 

11. Fevers. — Barley water, buttermilk, cracker gruel, 
kefir and toast water. 

12. The Same. — Chicken panada, custard, fish boiled and 
peach bread pudding. 

13. Nervous Prostration.— Barley gruel, beef tea nutri- 
tive, corn coffee, egg and milk, potatoes creamed and 
nnleavened wafers. 



204 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

14. La Grippe. — Beef tea stimulating ; oatmeal pudding, 
wine whey and our toast. 

15. Acute Rheumatism. — Alkaline drink, apples and bread 
and milk, raw diet No. 1, raw diet No. 6, raw diet No. 2. 

16. Biliary Dyspepsia. — Egg lemonade and puree, raw 
diet No. 1. 

17. Nervous Dyspepsia. — Beef scraped, dyspepsia crack- 
ers, fig water, malt and milk, and broiled chopped meat. 

18. Pneumonia, Bronchitis, etc. — Blanc mange, clam 
broth, demulcent drink No. 1, lemonade, elm, flaxseed or gum, 
and linseed tea. 

19. Diabetes. — Bran water No. 2, gluten bread, gluten 
cakes and gluten gems. 

20. Bright' 's Disease. — Elderberry syrup and raw diet No. 
3, 4 or 6. 

21. Consumption. — Raw diet No. 6 or 3. 

22. Chronic Rheumatism. — Celery toast, mustard dress- 
ing, oysters broiled and puree. 

How to Prepare Special Foods for peculiar needs 
is fully set forth in the following pages. The character of 
each food or of each combination of foods is described, the 
reasons given for its peculiar uses, and full directions and 
recipes are set forth so plainly that any housekeeper can pre- 
pare these foods without the doctor's assistance or advice. 

Infant's foods are accorded a section by themselves. 

Albumen Water —Cold water one-half pint, whites of two eggs, 
sugar of milk, one teaspoonf ul ; stir gently until well mixed. Nourish- 
ing fiber food, particularly useful as a drink in inflammatory boweE 
diseases. 

Alcohol is undoubtedly a food of great value in certain conditions. 
It is very easily and quickly oxidized along the digestive tract and 
yields its heat and force just where it enables the liver-cells to transmute 
the fiber elements to the best advantage. Its danger lies in the gener- 
ation of too much heat. The proper time to use it is when there is an 
inability of the liver to extract from the glucose in the blood enough 
heat to maintain the vigor of the vital processes. Then, with suffi- 
cient oxygen supply, just enough alcohol to furnish the requisite heat 
without an excesses beneficial. But it is generally given to excess 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 205 

even m medical practice, e. f/., one teaspoonful of alcohol yields 826,676 
foot pounds of energy. This repeated every two hours is an ounce 
and a half a day, which gives 9,920,112 foot pounds or 3,906,823 (based 
on Dr. Porter's standard), in excess of the entire normal heat expendi- 
ture per day, aside from any other food. This requires an oxygen sup- 
ply of only 72 pints, leaving a surplus of over 1,400 pints. The human 
system is not adjusted to run on any such plan. That excess of oxygen 
would burn the tissues all out in a few days. 

Alkaline Drink.— Slice the peel of one lemon very thin, and put 
into a pitcher with a tablespoonful of sugar; pour on enough hot water 
to dissolve the sugar, then add half a pint of pure cold water and half 
n pint of Vichy water. A pleasant drink ; for use in rheumatism and 
other acid states of the blood. 

Apples, Baked No. 1.— Peel, core and slice large sour apples; 
sprinkle with sugar and a little nutmeg. Add one-half teacup of 
water to every quart of fruit, cover and bake slowly three hours. Let 
them cool in the dish and turn out solid. Excellent with meat diet 
when there is not much flatulence or looseness of the bowels. About 
one-tenth the liber, no fat, and nearly three times the force that milk 
lias, giving about the same heat production, =320 calories. 

Apples, Baked No. 2.— Take large sour apples, core and put in bak- 
ing dish. Fill cavities with brown sugar and pour a cupful of hot 
water in the pan and bake. When done, remove all but the softest, 
which leave in the juice. Remove their skins and mash, adding nut 
meg, salt and teaspoon of butter and pour over the apples. Considera- 
bly more nutritions than No. 1, but not as easy of digestion. 

Apples, Baked No. 3.— Peel and core sour apples. Fill cavities 
with sugar and pour in a cup of hot water. Cover and simmer until 
soft. Lift them out without breaking, and dust nutmeg into the syrup. 
About as nutritious as No. 1. The same uses. 

Apples and Bread and Milk.— Pare and slice eight ounces of ripe, 
sweet apples into a pint of milk and crumb in four ounces of bread. 
If preferred, bake the apple until soft. The heat production is about 
753 calories. Excellent for children, invalids, and the aged. If it pro- 
motes flatulence a little fennel tea will correct it. 

Apple Snow.— Drain and press through a sieve a cupful of apple- 
sauce, add one ounce of sugar and set on the ice. Put over it the 
whites of two eggs. Beat together for twenty minutes, or till the mass 
is light and snowlike. Delicate and nutritious, with 1.9 percentage of 
fiber-food and 216 calories. 

Apple AVater.— Two large, juicy, sour apples sliced into a pitcher; 
one quart boiling water poured on and tightly covered till cold. Strain 
and sweeten. A good fever drink, slightly nourishing. 



206 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Arrowroot Jelly.— Dissolve two teaspoonfuls of sugar in a cup of 
water. Bring to a boil. Wet and rub smooth two teaspoonfuls of 
arrowroot. Stir into the boiling water. Add one teaspoonful of lemon 
yiice and boil until clear. Put in a mold. Eat cold with, cream and 
sugar. An agreeable and easily digested force-food; its food value 
largely depending upon the quantity of cream and sugar taken with it. 

Artificial Fibrin.— Pour the white of an egg into cold water and 
let it stand until it becomes a snow-white solid. Heat to the boiling 
point. Appetizing and very easy of digestion, less nourishing than 
albumen water. Good in bowel disorders. 

Baked Potatoes. — Bake a nice potato and when done cut off one 
end, scrape out the inside, season with salt, pepper, cream and butter, 
beat up light, put back in the skin and brown in a quick oven. The 
fiber value is about one-fourth, and the fat and force are raised by the 
cream and butter to nearly one-half that of bread. 

Banana Sauce.— Make a syrup of a cup of sugar and half cup of 
water, and boil. Thicken with one tables poonful of corn starch wet in 
a little cold water, and stir in a teaspoonful of butter. Mash one large 
ripe banana and beat into the sauce. Should be used as soon as it is 
cool. A pleasant force-food, but should not be taken with a hearty 
meal of fiber-foods. 

Barley Gruel.— Mix one tablespoon ful (say two ounces) of barley 
flour, one saltspoon of salt, and one scant teaspoon of sugar together 
with a little cold water and one cup of boiling water and boil ten min- 
utes. Add one cup of milk, just bring to the boiling point, strain and 
serve hot. May be made without milk, using one pint of water. A 
pint of this yields about 580 calories of energy, giving fiber value 
nearly one-half greater than milk. 

Barley Water.— Wash two tablespoonfuls of barley and soak one- 
half hour in tepid water, and stir without draining into two cups of 
slightly salted boiling water. Simmer one hour; stir often. Sweeten 
and strain. It can be made slightly relaxing by adding two or three 
tamarinds. A nutritive drink when sufficient solids cannot betaken 
When milk disagrees this yields more than half as mucn fiber value,, 
while its force product is 380 instead of 310 as in milk. 

Beef Broth No. 1.— One heaping teaspoonful of Mosquera's beef 
meal in a cup of hot water, seasoned with capsicum or pepper. A fiber 
food having about one per cent, of fiber element, and yielding only 
twenty-four calories. 

Beef Broth No. 2.— Cut into thin slices a pound of beef, free from 
fat. The neck or shoulder is best. Pour over it a quart of cold water 
some salt, and simmer over a slow fire one hour. Boil one hour, strain 
and season. Has too little nutritive value to be relied upon at all, but is. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 20 7 

slightly stimulating and may aid the absorbents to appropriate other 
nutriment that otherwise might be excreted. 

Beef Essence.— Lean, juicy, pounded beet one pound, broiled two 
minutes over very hot fire, t en put into a fruit jar with one pint of 
cold, salted water; soak four hours. Tie cloth over the mouth, set in ket- 
tle of cold water, and boil slowly ten hours. Strain and season Its com- 
ponent parts are quite similar to beef tea (Dr. Porter's)which see, except 
that the coagulation of the albumen by the broiling diminishes its 
fiber elements, while its long boiling concentrates and thus increases 
its extractive stimulating properties. Should only be used as an emer- 
gency food, when this kind of stimulation is deemed desirable. 

Beef Juice.— Cut a pound of rump steak into small pieces (one- 
fourth inch) add a pint of cold water,twenty drops of dilute hydrochloric 
acid and half teaspoonful of salt, cover and stand two hours in a cool 
place; strain (pressing the meat) and gently simmer ten minutes. A 
tab espoonf ul may be mixed with the white of an egg when wanted. 
Rich in nutriment. Without the egg, its nutritive value is considerably 
in excess of ordinary beef tea because of the partial pre-digestion of 
the meat. 

Ueef Panada— Beefsteak broth with the meat-pulp left in the 
broth and rolJe-i cracker crumbs added. This approximates in food- 
value the Beef Tea Nutritive, which see, and is much more easily made, 
but lacks the partially pre-digested quality of that. 

Beef Pulp.— Scrape a raw steak with a silver spoon until all the 
pulp is extracted. One to two tablespoonfuls for an adult. A dessert 
spoonful mixed with red currant jelly, or with a little salt between 
bread for children. Has the food value of lean meat. 

Beef Scraped. — Cut tender steak into pieces half an inch thick. 
Scrape the soft part off with a knife until there is nothing left but the 
tough, stringy fibers. Season the pulp with salt and pepper and make 
into cakes one-half inch thick, and broil. Serve on toast. A safe way 
to prepare steak for one who is just beginning to eat it. Practically of 
the same food-value as beef-pulp but its digestibility modified by 
broiling. 

Beefsteak Broth. —Scrape the pulp from a pound of round or sir- 
loin steak, or mince fine in a chopping tray. Cover in saucepan with 
cold water; slowly heat to boiling, then simmer half an hour. Strain. 
Take off fat with sheet of paper and season with salt. Practically 
about the same as Dr. Porter's beef tea, but more expensive. 

Beef Tea (stimulating).— A pound of tender, lean meat chopped 
fine and soaked two or three hours in a pint of cold water. Heat on 
the stove (not to boiling), two or three hours longer, until the water 
has evaporated to half a pint. Has the same food constituents as beef- 
broth No. 2, but in a much more concentrated form. 



208 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Beef Tea (Dr. Porter's).— Five pounds and 7| ounces of best quality 
of bottom round beef. Remove the fat. Cut beef into one-half inch 
cubes and place in a saucepan with just cold water enough to cover. No 
salt. Soak two hours, then gradually warm to boiling and boil until 
the cubes become hard and contracted. Remove aud press the cubes 
and set liquid aside until cold. Remove the congealed fat. This 
yields 34.5 ounces of tea, having to every 100 parts, fiber 3.28, fat 0.25, 
mineral salts 0.67, that is, almost as much fiber food and mineral salts 
as milk, but only 1-16 as much fat, and no force foods while milk has 
4.7. It yields only 72 calories per pound,— 23 per cent, as compared 
with milk. Hence, when it is desirable to sustain the tissues without 
much generation of heat, this is preferable. But when both are re- 
quired in a fluid diet and milk is distasteful or cannot be borne, then 
the addition to each pint of one-fourth ounce of butter and If ounces 
of barley, will about make up the deficiency in that respect and give a 
slight excess of the fiber element. If the butter be undesirable, add a 
little more barley and omit the butter. 

Beef Tea (nutritive).— One pound of round beef cut fine, and soaked 
in one-third quart of cold water over night. Pour off and save the 
water. Simmer the meat two hours in two-thirds of a quart of water, 
supplying the loss by evaporation. Pour this broth into the saved 
water and squeeze the meat as dry as possible, then slowly dry it in 
the open oven, and powder it in a mortar. Then mix the powder with 
the fluid, salt to taste, and add twenty drops of muriatic acid and three 
grains of pepsin. One pint of this contains fiber 6.9, fats 3., and aside 
from the acid and pepsin, yields 725 calories of heat. It is practically a 
homemade Mosquera's broth, with the very important difference of 725 
calories instead of 144, which would in some cases be a great advantage 
and in others detrimental; e. g., to a fever patient give the beef broth 
No. 1, but to one who is to undergo exposure give the beef tea nutri- 
tive. 

Blackberry Cordial.— Wash and mash some fresh berries. Strain 
out the juice, and to every four quarts add a quart of boiling water. 
Let it stand in a cool place twenty-four hours. Stir occasionally. 
Strain again and add two and a half pounds (two pints) of sugar to 
every gallon. Stir and cork in jugs or seal in cans. No alcohol needed 
to keep from fermentation. A small fraction of one per cent, of fiber 
elements, and yields about 340 calories per goblet. 

Blackberry Cream.— Mash and sweeten two quarts (say three 
pounds) of blackberries with half a cup of sugar. Set aside for two 
hours, then strain. Partly whip one pint of sweet cream, then add 
juice, sweetened with another half cup of sugar. Whip again and 
gradually add the stiff beaten whites of two eggs. This has about 2.8 
fiber, and yields about 3,419 calories of heat, 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 209 

Blanc Mange.— Soak for half an hour in warm water one- third of a 
cup of dry moss. Put in a pudding bag and cook in a quart of milk for 
one hour. Take out the bag, squeeze, and throw away the moss. Add 
one quarter of a cup of sugar, strain, and put in molds. Serve with 
cream and sugar. This adds to the components of the milk the nutri- 
tive and demulcent constituents of the moss, and the fat and force 
elements of the cream and sugar. 

Bran Bread.— Mix bran flour into a dough with hot water. Set in 
a warm place to raise. Bake in small loaves 1^ hours, then thrust into 
boiling water four seconds and return to the oven a few minutes. 
Keep in cool place, and if crust becomes hard, cover with damp cloth. 
Acts mechanically in cases of constipation but causes the loss of other 
nutriment, hence is unfit for the poorly nourished. 

Bran-bread Soup No. 1. — Toast without burning four ounces of 
bran-bread and pulverize. Into a pint of boiling beef broth No. 2 stir 
enough of the powder to make a thick soup. Fiber value 1.8. 

Bran-bread Soup No. 2.— Stimulating and somewhat nourishing. 
3Iade like No. 1 except that beef broth No. 1 is used Its nutritive 
value is 27; calories 354. 

Bran Water No. 1.— Boil wheat or rye bran three-fourths of an 
hour, squeeze out the bran, add honey to the water and boil one-fourth 
hour. One-half pint twice a day. Rich in mineral constituents and in 
the glucose of the honey. 

Bran Water No. 2.— Wheat bran two quarts, cold water three 
quarts. Soak over night. Rub and squeeze the bran; strain. Nutri- 
tious and safe for diabetics. 

Bread Coffee.— The crust of bread pulverized coarsely and treated 
as other coffee. This, according to Reichenbach and Yon Bibra, con- 
tains a bitter substance called assamar having effects on the system 
similar to coffee. Is a good substitute for coffee, but owes its nutri- 
tious properties mainly to the milk or cream and sugar taken with it. 

Bread Jelly.— Toast stale crusts without burning, put in a dish 
with sugar and a little salt. Cover with boiling water and set, with a 
tight lid on, in a pan of boiling water. Simmer until like jelly. Eat 
warm with sugar and nutmeg. Has substantially the qualities of 
bread plus the sugar. 

Buttermilk.— Consists of the albuminous sacs which have been 
broken from around the oil globules by churning, together with all 
other elements of the cream except the oil, which has massed as but- 
ter. In fiber and force elements it is a little stronger than milk, while 
it has less than one per cent, each of fat and mineral salts It keeps 
up the full constructive and reparative work of the system, with only 
two-thirds the normal oxygen demand; therefore, in all conditions of 

14 



210 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

incomplete oxidation conjoined with inaction of body and mind, it is 
superior to any other single food. Consumption, pleurisy, emphysema, 
interstitial pneumonia, sclerosis of the lungs and fevers are best dieted 
on buttermilk alone, or mainly. May be served in a goblet or china 
saucer with bits of strawberry ice floating in it. 

Buttered Toast ("Our toast ").— Spreadw ith one-fourth ounce of 
butter to one ounce of bread. This adds to the 80 calories of the bread 
56 from the butter; total 136. Should not be eaten in fevers, nor when, 
for any reason, it is not desirable to take strong heat-making food. 

Calves' Feet Milk.— Calves' feet prepared In the same manner as 
Chicken Milk No. 1, are an excellent substitute for beef tea, and form 
variety in the limited menu of the invalid. 

Carnrick Diet.— Kumysgen, Carnrick's food, lacto-cereal food or 
lacto-preparata, every two to four hours, from one to three weeks ; then, 
gradually add milk, eggs, meat, fish, and finally vegetables in modera- 
tion. Very uncertain in the ratio of its food constituents, yet of great 
value in cases of under oxygenation with excess of uric acid, as in 
rheumatism, many cases of dyspepsia, etc. 

Celery Toast— Cut up the celery and boil in a little water until 
tender; add milk and stew for awhile, salt and pepper to taste, thicken 
slightly with flour. Pour over toast. Said to be of benefit in chronic 
rheumatism. More nutritious than milk. 

Chicken Broth— Cut the chicken in two longitudinally, removing 
lungs, skin and fat. Cut into small pieces; pour on a quart of cold 
water, salt, and let it simmer for an hour and a half; then set back for 
half an hour longer. Strain, season and thicken if desired. Aside 
from the thickening this has considerably less food elements than 
Chicken Jelly, which see. 

Chicken Jelly.— Half a spring chicken, bones and meat. Put into 
a pan with one quart of cold water. Cover and simmer until meat is 
reduced to shreds and the liquid boiled down one-half. Remove from 
fire and strain twice. Season with salt and pepper. Return to the fire 
and simmer five minutes longer. When cool it forms a jelly. Slice 
and serve cold, alone, or on toast, or wafers. The jelly may deceive 
some into the supposition that this is an extremely nutritious food, 
but it jellies because of the gelatinous substance of the cartilages, etc., 
which has very little food value although nitrogenous. Chicken has 
fiber 24.4, fat 2, calories 540 per pound. But this rejects the substance 
of the tissues and produces a chicken-food analagous in its nutritive 
properties to the broth from beef as compared with beef itself. Of 
course, if toast be added its nutritive properties are correspondingly 
increased. 

Chicken Milk No. 1.— Cut a chicken into small pieces, clean care- 
fully, remove skin. Put into a china-lined sauce pan, with the bones 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 211 

and neck, the white part of a head of celery, and the stalks (not leaves) 
of a fresh bunch of parsley, a few pepper-corns and a little salt. 
Cover the meat with a little cold water, and let it simmer till it is 
in rags and falls from the bones. Strain into a flat basin or large bowl. 
AVhen cold it should be in a stiff, clear jelly. Carefully skim off the 
grease, gently wipe over the top of the jelly with a clean cloth wet in hot 
water so that no greasy matter remain. Take equal quantities of the 
jelly and fresh milk, put them into a small, china-lined saucepan, 
and let them boil together. Boil up the mixture three times and 
strain into a cup. A teacuptul is generally considered sufficient at a 
time. The finest strips of dry toast are an agreeable addition. It can 
be eaten hot, or allowed to cool and form again into jelly, according to 
taste. This jelly is about equal to Chicken Jelly, which see. The 
milk adds 3.6 fiber, and 310 calories per pound, and the toast gives 8.9 
fiber and 1,280 calories per pound, so that as a whole in the absence of 
special analysis, it is safe to estimate its fiber at 6.2 and its calories as 
802 per pound. Excellent for very delicate stomachs plus the chicken 
elements. 

Chicken Milk No. 2.— Prepare the chicken in the same manner as 
in Xo. 1, but instead of using water, cover it with a quart of fresh milk 
in a very large jam-pot, and setting that in a sauce pan nearly filled 
with cold water; when the milk in the jam-pot boils, the "chicken 
milk" is ready for use. Cream may in some cases be substituted for 
milk, and sometimes equal quantities of cream and milk are used. 
In this case, over and above the chicken elements are the 3.1 fiber and 
769 calories of the mixture per pound. If cream alone be used, it will 
stand— fiber 2.7 and calories per pound 1,228— too full of force for 
ordinary conditions in sickness. 

Chicken Panada.— One-half cup of bread crumbs, soak in milk 
enough to cover them. One cup of chicken meat chopped fine. One 
pint of chicken broth. Press bread crumbs through a coarse strainer 
into the meat, pour in the broth (first removing fat), and add pepper 
and salt. Boil one minute. Should be of the consistency of thick 
gruel. May be seasoned with celery-salt or curry powder. Two table- 
spoons of sweet cream may be added. This gives fiber 18.4 and calories 
per pound 1,072, about equal to lean meat. If cream be added it will 
increase fiber 2.7, and calories 1,228 per pound, in the ratio used. 

Children's Food.— See Infant's Food. 

Clabbered Milk is thick sour milk ; called also loppered milk and 
bonny-clabber. Use when it is firm before the whey has separated. 
Eat with cream and sugar, or cream and nutmeg. Dyspeptics should 
not eat it with sugar. Has about the same fiber value as milk but with 
slightly diminished force in itself, but which may be made considera- 
bly larger by the cream and sugar added. 



212 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Clam Broth.— Wash six large clams and pour over them a cup of 
water. Put in a kettle on the fire. The broth is the juice of the clams 
with the water boiled a minute. As soon as the shells open, the broth 
is done. Clams contain fiber 8.6, fat 1, force 2; 240 calories per pound. 
This broth cannot contain fat and force elements to produce over 100 
calories of heat, while the amount of soluble albumen taken 'up must 
be very small. Hence, as a food, it cannot rank at more fian one- 
fourth or one-third the value of milk. 

Codfish Creained.— Cut and soak over night, one-half pound of fish 
into thin pieces cross ways of the grain. Pour off the water in which it 
has soaked, put in fresh water and cook half an hour. Add teacupful 
of milk and tablespoonful of flour. Before serving, stir in a beaten 
egg. This is the usual dish and gives more fiber food than meat, yield- 
ing about 508 calories. The addition of three-fourths of a cup of cream 
would raise the calories to nearly 888, and make it adequate to sustain 
under severe labor. 

Cod Liver Oil is looked upon as the panacea for all the ills of innu- 
trition, and has been employed to an extent that has populated ceme- 
teries beyond comprehension. Fats are oxydized in the cells of the 
lungs and thus exhaust the oxygen supply at its very fountain-head, 
besides dissipating a large proportion of the heat before it can reach 
the liver, which is really the normal furnace of the animal organism. 
Besides, in lung diseases, the local effect is to raise still higher the 
temperature, which is already at the point of congestion, and thus 
hasten the congestive and suppurative changes that should be pre- 
vented if possible. This waste of heat in the lungs also robs the nutri- 
tive organs of the heat which they need, and thus prevents the very 
process of absorption, to promote which, the oil is given. Hence, it 
becomes a carbonaceous poison in the blood, throwing an extra work 
of elimination upon the weakened and already overtaxed lungs, which, 
unable to expel it, pass it along again in the circulation- only to debili- 
tate all the nutritive functions of the system. Therefore, in the great 
majority of cases, codliver oil in consumption means death. For the 
same reasons all other fats should be carefully adjusted to the condi- 
tions of the case. 

Coffee Cream.— Soak one-fourth of a box of gelatine in one-fourth 
of a cup cold water half an hour. Pour on one-half cup of boiling, strong 
coffee, to dissolve it; add one-half cup of sugar and strain. When cool 
and about the consistency of syrup, pour in 1£ cups of cream or \\ cups 
. of milk. Stir for about ten minutes and put in mold to harden. The 
gelatine is of so little nutritive value that its worth need not be esti- 
mated. The coffee is a nervous stimulant. The cream* and sugar have 
about half the fiber value of milk and yield 1,371 calories of heat, to 
which the gelatine and coffee will add somewhat. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION". 213- 

Coffee Syrup.— Make strong coffee with two tablespoons of the 
ground berry, a little white of egg and one cnp of boiling water. Sim- 
mer together one cup of sugar and a third of water five minutes, then 
add one-half cup of the coffee. Strain and bottle. The whole will 
yield about 900 calories of heat, the stimulating properties of the cof- 
fee, and an inappreciable quantity of fiber from the egg. 

Corn Coffee.— Common field corn, roasted as brown as possible 
without burning, ground coarsely and steeped like coffee. Add milk 
and sugar. Much more nutritious and less stimulating than coffee. 
Made quite strong, with cream and sugar it equals milk. 

Corn Meal Gruel.— Stir one cupful of corn meal into a paste with 
cold water and turn into a quart of boiling water and boil forty minutes. 
Salt. Richer than bread in fiber constituents and yields 825 calories. 

Cottage Clieese No. 1.— Tie in a cloth and drain clabbered milk. 
Hang in a cool place over night. Without special analysis, this would 
be rated as a fiber food as stronger than meat and approximating 
cheese, while rich also in fats. 

Cottage Cheese No. 2.— Heat sour milk. Pour off the whey and 
put curd in a bag and drip for six hours. Chop and salt. Work to con- 
sistency of soft butter adding cream and butter. Mold and put in a cool 
place. Eat w T hile fresh. The addition of cream and butter makes this 
one of the strongest foods in both fiber and fat constituents. Should 
be used sparingly except with great muscular exertion or very great 
exposure, and with little or no other foods having these elements in 
any considerable proportion. 

Cracker Gruel.— Mix one scant saltspoon of salt and one scant tea- 
spoon of sugar with two ounces of rolled soda cracker crumbs; then 
pour on one cup of boiling water, and one cup of milk, and simmer for 
two minutes. Five-eighths the fiber value of bread: yields 406 calories. 

Custard.— Three eggs well beaten, a quart of fresh milk, and an 
ounce of sugar, slightly baked. This gives 912 calories of heat and a 
fiber value 4.2. 

Custard, French.- Put into the bottom of the custard cups a tea- 
spoon of raspberry jam. Then with a tunnel pour custard in slowly. 
Bake twenty minutes. The jam, if firm, will not mix with the custard, 
and imparts a nice flavor. Slightly diminishing the fiber value of cus- 
tard, but increasing the number of calories to a small degree. 

Date Pudding.— Sprinkle in a buttered pudding dish half a cup- 
ful of dry crumbs wet with a little milk; cover with layer of dates, 
then another of bread crumbs moistened with milk. One quart of 
milk taken from fire when nearly boiling; add yokes of four eggs 
beaten with one-half cup of sugar; then the whites, stirring lightly. 
Return to the fire until it thickens. Add a Utile salt and half teaspoon 



214 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

of vanilla. Put a spoonful of the custard upon the crumbs and bake. 
The quantities are too uncertain for a safe estimate of food-value, but 
it unites the qualities of a good custard with those of fruit. 

Demulcent Drink No. 1.— Mix two ounces of sugar of milk, eight 
ounces of white powdered sugar, and one ounce of powdered gum 
arabic together. Dissolve half an ounce of this in a pint of water. 
Makes a demulcent drink for use in bronchitis, pleurisy, or pneumo- 
nia, with considerable energy. 

Digestant No. 1 for fiber-foods.— Pepsin and dilute muriatic acid 
of each, two drams. Glycerine and cinnamon water of each, two 
ounces. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful after each meal. 

Digestant No. 2 for force-foods.— Crushed malt three ounces, cold 
water half «*i pint. Mix and stand twelve hours. Filter through paper 
until clear. Prepare fresh, daily. One to two tablespoonfuls sipped 
along through the meal. 

Digestant No. 3.— Our liquid malt; one-half teaspoonful with meals. 

Dyspepsia Crackers.— Take good wheat to the mill and have it 
ground; sift out only the bran, leaving the middlings and flour 
together. This is wheat meal. Take wheat meal one quart; butter 
one tablespoon ful; water to make a very stiff dough. Beat this on a 
bread board with a rolling pin thirty minutes; then roll very thin, cut, 
prick, and bake in a quick oven. Upon the same basis as graham 
crackers, the fiber value is slightly in excess of bread, while they yield 
2.050 calorics per pound. 

Eggs, Boiled.— Pour a pint of boiling water on each egg, the 
warmed dish standing on a thick woolen cloth, cover and stand six 
minutes. Mix yolk and white thoroughly, and if the stomach will 
digest it add one-half to three-fourths of an ounce of fresh butter to 
each egg. The eggs alone are in fiber value midway between bread 
and meat, and yield 720 calories per pound, or 60 each. If one-half 
ounce of butter be added it will give 238 calories to each egg. 

Egg Coffee.— To a cup of strong coffee add one-half cup hot milk, 
sweeten well and boil; then pour it over a well-beaten egg and serve 
at once. Has about 4.9 fiber value and yields nearly 243 calories. 

Egg Eemonade.— The juice of one lemon in one goblet of lemon- 
ade. Beat one egg to a froth and stir in and add pounded ice. Has the 
fiber value of the egg, and yields about 102 calories. 

Egg and Milk.— One raw egg stirred into one-half pint of milk is 
palatable and nourishing. Flavor with cinnamon, spice, vanilla. More 
nutritious than bread and yields 210 calories. 

Eggnog No. 1.— Scald and cool one tumbler of milk slightly- 
salted. Beat together one egg and one dessert spoonful of sugar and 
add one dessert spoonful of brandy and mix with the milk. The fiber 
element is about 5. per cent, and the calories 252. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 215 

Eggnog No. 2.— Milk as in No. 1. Yolks of two eggs, two table- 
spoonfuls of sugar and one tablespoonful of brandy. Mix as in No. 1. 
The fiber in this is 4.3 and the calories are 396. The brandy is too 
strong for any but exceptional cases or very temporary use. 

Eggs, Scrambled.— Beat two eggs, a saltspoon of salt and a little 
pepper in a bowl until light ; add t wo tablespoons of sweet cream or rich 
milk, and set the bowl into a kettle of hot water, and stir constantly 
until it coagulates. Serve alone or with our (oast. Alone, this is mid- 
way between bread and meat in fiber elements, and yields 225 calories. 
If toast be added, see Toast. 

Egg Toast.— Mash up the yolk of a hard-boiled egg and spread on 
a slice of " Our Toast " with butter and salt. With one-third ounce of 
butter and two ounces of bread, and yolk estimated at one-half of an 
ounce we have 289 calories of heat, and fiber value about one-half more 
than bread. 

Elderberry Syrup.— Boil elderberries down with honey into a rich 
j>reserve. One teaspoonful in a glass of water makes a pleasant drink 
with a slightly stimulating effect upon the kidneys. 

Earina Gruel.— Salted, boiling water one pint. Stir in briskly one 
tablespoonful farina and simmer thirty-five minutes. While hot stir 
in a tablespoonful of cream or fruit cream. If the cream be used this 
has no fiber value, and yields but 233 calories of heat. If fruit cream 
be used, there is a trace of fiber element. 

Fig Pudding.— Chop together one pound of figs, one pound of fine 
bread crumbs. Add one pound chopped beef suet, one pound brown 
sugar, cup of milk and six eggs. Boil three hours and serve with eight 
ounces cream or liquid sauce. The fiber constituent is about 4.3 and 
the energy of the whole 5^ pounds is 5,569 calories, giving enough 
construction material and energy to support one man two days at 
moderate work. 

Fig Water.— Boil one-half pound of figs with half an ounce of gin- 
ger in two quarts of water until reduced to a pulp. Strain and bottle, 
or use at once. Has the food value of figs together with the carmina- 
tive, stimulating effect of the ginger. May be used in flatulence, and in 
cold states of the digestive tract. 

Fish.— When fresh is firm and hard and will rise at once when 
pressed with the finger. If the flesh is soft, eyes dull or sunken, gills 
pale, it is not fresh. With red blood is nutritious but not easily 
digested. Average fiber value is fifteen per cent., and calories per 
pound, 431. 

Fish, Boiled.— Select any white fish, fresh cod, for instance, two 
.pounds. Clean and put into a wire vegetable basket, drop the basket 
into a dish of boiling salted water, and let it simmer from fifteen min- 



216 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

utes to three quarters of an hour according to the size of the fish. Do 
not allow it to boil rapidly as it will break. When done serve with 
drawn butter as follows : Simmer together two minutes four ounces 
of butter and two ounces of flour; then add, a little at a time, a pint 
of boiling water, or chicken broth, stir constantly. Makes enough for 
two pounds of fish. Season with parsley, grated yolks of hard-boiled 
eggs, few drops of lemon juice, bit each of cayenne and mustard and a 
few drops of onion juice. This will make a moderate meal for three 
persons, and will give to each (excluding chicken broth and eggs) a 
fiber value of about ten per cent, and 1,520 calories of heat. 

Fish, Broiled.— Small fish, as perch, young cod, etc., are excellent 
broiled. After washing and cleaning, split lengthwise, if thick, 
sprinkle over it salt and pepper, squeeze over it lemon juice, dip in 
melted butter and broil over clear coals, quickly at first, then very 
slowly, allowing ten minutes for each inch of thickness. Serve with 
butter or cream. Has the general nutritive constituent of fish, about 
ten per cent., and a force production of 431 calories per pound aug- 
mented by the cream or butter according to the quantity used. 

Fish, Creamed.— Cream some butter and season with salt, cayenne 
pepper, lemon juice and vinegar. A teaspoonfui of butter is enough 
for small fish with a speck of salt and pepper with teaspoonfui of vin- 
egar and lemon juice (half of each). Spread on the fish or serve sepa- 
rately. See Fish, for nutritive value, aside from the condiments which 
are too uncertain to be estimated. 

Fish, When in Season.— Cod, haddock, halibut, flounder and clams 
all the year; cusk and white fish in the winter; shad in spring; perch, 
spring and summer; salmon, May to September; bluefish, June to 
October; swordfish, July to September; smelts, September to March; 
and oysters, September to May. 

Flaxseed Lemonade.— Pour upon four tables poonfuls of whole 
flaxseed one quart of boiling water, cover and steep three hours. 
When cold add juice of two lemons and sweeten. Serve ice-cold as a 
demulcent drink. 

Flour Ball.— Mix one pound of flour, one teaspooonful of salt, one 
teaspoonfui of sugar of milk and four tablespoonfuls of cold water, 
and tie into a firm ball in a pudding bag and boil twelve hours. Hang 
up to drain. After twenty-four hours open and peel off the layer of 
• dough. Dry the hard solid ball in the sun or an open oven. Keep in a 
dry, cool place. Two or three teaspoonf uls shaved off and made into a 
paste with water, then stirred into a pint of scalded (not boiled) milk 
makes a very digestible and nutritious food The little of the flour 
ball used adds but very slightly to the fiber value of the milk, but its 
long exposure to heat has changed its starch, partially digesting it. 
and thus causing it to become a digestive ferment to the milk. 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 217 

Fruits, How to Serve.— The beauty of fruit depends upon the man- 
ner in which it is put upon the table. This means even more to the 
sick than to the well. 

Apples.— Polish well, pile high, yellow and red together; serve with 
silver knife. 

Bana)ias should be heaped with oranges or grapes. 

Berries should be served without sugar as that draws out the juice 
and toughens them. 

G rapes.— Clip all unripe and unsound ones from the cluster. Ar- 
range the green and purple together upon some of the leaves or with 
oranges. Grape scissors are now frequently used. 

Melons.— Keep on ice for a few hours before using. 

Watermelons should be brought on the table entire, and cut across 
the middle. 

Nutmeg and Muskmelons should be cut lengthwise, seeds removed, 
and served with ice on each hemisphere, and with both salt and sugar. 

Peaches should be peeled thin and sliced. Reserve a few of the 
finest for a central dish, garnished with some of the leaves, as many 
prefer to pare their own. 

Pears. — Serve in a high dish with green leaves. 

Plums, purple and green gage, with a few sprays of nasturtium 
leaves and blossoms. 

Fruit 3Iiimte Pudding.— Scald a pint and a half of milk with one 
cup of sugar and turn over five tablespoons of flour previously mixed 
with half a pint of milk. Stir. Return to kettle and cook until it 
thickens. Take off and beat while cooling. When half cold, add one 
and one-half pounds sliced bananas, or any fruit. If made with 
bananas this will give a fiber constituent of about 3.2 per cent, and the 
whole will yield 3,782 calories of energy. 

Fruit Oatmeal Soup.— Soak one-half pound dates, figs or other 
dried fruit in one-half pint of milk until soft. Chop fine and stir into a 
quart of oatmeal porridge. The quart of porridge, fii»er 1.5, gives 460 
calories to which the fruit and milk add enough to raise the fiber to 
about 5.7, and the calories to 1,100. 

Fruit Pudding.— Soak for half an hour a pint of stale bread crumbs 
in a quart of milk. Then stir in a cup of sugar and the yolks of three 
eggs beaten together. Mix in one teaspoonful of butter and beat all 
thoroughly together. At the last add the juice and grated rind of a 
lemon. Bake half an hour in moderate oven. Beat the whites of 
three eggs with as many tablespoons of sugar. Spread over the top 
with jelly, jam, or marmalade, or fresh fruit mashed and sweetened. 
Put in the oven and let it brown. Aside from the uncertain top-jam or 
fruit this affords less than bread in fiber constituents, and about 2,800 
calories. 



218 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Fruit Tapioca.— Wash one-half pint tapioca and soak one hour in 
two cupfuls of cold water. Boil in farina kettle until clear. Lay in 
pudding dish a pound of sliced fruit and three ounces of sugar and pour 
over it the tapioca. Bake one-half hour. Serve hot or cold with three 
ounces of cream or custard to taste. Omit the custard, and the fiber 
value is considerably less than one per cent., while its calories are 
2,000. Making an almost pure force-food. 

Fruit Temperance Beverage.— Twelve lemons, one quart ripe 
raspberries, one pineapple, two pounds sugar, and three quarts of soft 
«eool water. Peel and squeeze the juice of the lemon over the peel; 
let it stand two hours, add the sugar; mash the berries with one-half 
pound of the sugar, cut the pineapple into thin slices and cover with 
sugar. Add the three quarts of water and strain. Not quite two- 
tenths of one per cent, of fiber element and 4,800 calories in the whole, 
or 200 per goblet. 

Fruit, Stewed.— Any sub-acid fruit, perfectly sound and ripe, 
stewed until soft in just enough water to soften it and sweetened with 
glycerine. May be eaten sometimes by the dyspeptic when sugar dis- 
agrees. 

Gluten Bread. — Mix a pint each of milk, and warm water; soak 
one-half of a yeast cake in a little warm water and add to it two eggs 
well beaten and mix with the milk and water. Stir in gluten flour to a 
soft dough and work into this a heaping teaspoonful (one ounce) of 
butter. Raise and bake in a quick oven. Estimating the flour at one 
pound of sixteen per cent, gluten, this will give a fiber value of about 
one and a half times that of wheat bread, and about 2,800 calories. 
There are special gluten meals that contain a much greater per cent, 
with corresponding yield of fiber element. Gluten bread is chiefly 
for dyspeptics and diabetics, because of its relatively small proportion 
of starch. 

Gluten Cake.— Mix thoroughly one cup of gluten flour, two table- 
spoonfuls butter, two of grated cheese, two of cream, the yolks of two 
eggs, half a teaspoonful of salt and a little nutmeg; roll out thin and 
bake in quick oven. This gives a little over fourteen per cent, of fiber 
element and only 774 calories. 

Gluten Gems.— Beat up one egg, add it to a pint of water salted; 
-sufficient gluten flour (say eight ounces) to make a thin dough; mix 
with the dry flour a tablespoonful of baking powder; add the egg 
water and a small tablespoonful of butter (two ounces); stir, bake in 
quick oven. A little over twelve and a half per cent, of fiber and 720 
calories. 

Grape Juice, No. 1.— Put into a kettle, with a little water, grapes 
not too ripe, and scald slowly. Drain over night. Express the juice 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION, 219 

arc! drain again; then bcil the juice, skimming frequently, and 
sweeten to taste; bottle full and cork tightly, as it cools, press down 
the corks so there is no space between the cork and the juice. If there 
is, scald, bottle and cork as before. Too indetimte to be estimated. 

Grape Juice, No. 2.— Put in a double boiler one quart of washed 
Isabella, Concord, or Black Hamburg grapes, with water to just cover. 
Heat slowly until soft, then hang in a pointed bag until the juice all 
drips cut without squeezing. To each quart of juice add one cup of 
sugar and keep hot, but below boiling, one hour. Poui into scalded 
bottles, seal with wax and keep cool. Number 2 has about a half of 
one per cent, of fiber and 1,610 calories. 

Gruels, if made with over four to five per cent, of cereal flour, 
become too thick and pasty, and if of this strength, only contain one- 
half of one per cent, of fiber material, and about 5 to 6 calories per 
ounce 

Gruel, Fortified.— Make a gruel by stirring an ounce of flour 
slowly into a pint and a half of salted water. Cook one-half hour. 
•Cool. Add one to two tablespoonfuls of malt infusion and an equal 
quantity of milk or beef tea. This adds to the gruel the strength of 
the milk or beef tea, and partly predigests it, thus making a very good 
dish for those who are confined to the bed, but insufficient for the 
active. 

Gum Arabic, dissolved and flavored with sugar, is a demulcent 
drink, that also furnishes enough calories of heat to make it desirable 
in some diseased conditions. 

Honey Tea.— Boil a tablespoonful of honey in a pint of water fif- 
teen to twenty minutes Cool and strain. Honey has about the nutri- 
tive value of good syrup. 

Jelly.— Three-fourths of a pound of sugar to a pint of well-cooked 
juice. About four-tenths of one per cent, of fiber element and 2,01)1 
calories. 

Jelly Water.— One tablespoonful ot any jelly, stirred into one glass 
i ice water until mixed. 

Kefir. — About same as homemade koumiss, with the exception that 
the kefir fungus is used to start the fermentation, instead of the yeast 
cake. 

Koumiss, Homemade.— A number of clean, stout, quart bottles- 
Put into each one-seventh of a cake of compressed yeast, one table- 
spoonful granulated sugar, and two of hot water, and shake till the 
yeast is dissolved, then add 1\ pints fresh milk and stir constantly 
while being brought to a blood heat. Cork tightly and tie on; shake, 
lay on sides, and keep at a temperature not lower than 75° three to five 
days, turning daily. When it looks thick and smooth put on ice for 



220 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

twenty-four hours. Draw with champagne-tap, or uncork cautiously, 
as it will fly. This has a fiber value of 2.04 per-cent., and yields 190 cal- 
ories per pound. A very insufficient food for any out-of-bed condi- 
tions, and to be relied upon even in bed only temporarily, or as 
adjunct to other foods on account of its carbonic acid being so 
acceptable to the stomach. 

Lemonade.- Wipe two lemons and peel off the outer rind, but none 
of the white of the rind. Now peel off and throw away the white. Cut 
lemons into thin slices, seed; i>nt the slices and the rind of one lemon 
into a pitcher with a tablespoonf ul of sugar, pour on 1£ pints of boil- 
ing water and stand on ice till cold. Strain. This has less than a 
quarter of one percent, fiber and yields about 200 calories. 

Lemonade Barley is lemonade with one teaspoonful of barley Hour 
added to the goblet, the flour having been previously boiled fifteen 
minutes in just enough water to keep it from being a thick paste. 
This adds to the lemonade one-fourth of an ounce of barley to each 
eight ounces, giving a little over one per cent, of fiber, and raising the 
calories to 225. 

Lemonade Cream.— Beat white of an egg to a froth, add strained 
juice of one lemon and three teaspoon fills of powdered sugar; beat 
well, and pour into a tumbler half full of chopped ice, and add four 
tablespoonf uls of fresh cream. Nearly 1| per cent, fiber and 600 calories. 

Lemonade, Egg.— To a goblet of lemonade add an egg beaten to a 
froth, and a little pounded ice. Has the nutritive value of the egg 
with the acid of the lemon. 

Lemonade, Elm.— Use elm instead of gum and proceed as for gum- 
lemonade. 

Lemonade, Flaxseed.— Pour one quart of boiling water on four 
tablespoonfuls of whole flaxseed and steep three hours. To each gob- 
let of lemonade add the jalce of one lemon and a goblet of the flaxseed 
water, and give in portions ice cold. Similar to lemonade-gum, but 
stronger of acid. 

Lemonade-Gum.— Gum arabic four teaspoons, hot water one pint r 
stand on stove until dissolved. Then, to each goblet of gum water, 
add a goblet of lemonade. Use cold. A demulcent acid drink suitable 
to feverish conditions with a local irritation of throat or stomach. 

Lemonade, Hot.— Boiling water one-half pint, lemon juice two 
tablespoonfuls, sugar one tablespoon ful, red pepper just enough to 
taste well, and drink hot when not liable to exposure soon. 

Limed Milk.— One tablespoon ful of lime water, one tablespoonf ul 
of cream, five tablespoonfuls of milk. This preparation simply dilutes 
the milk one-sixth without increasing the proportion of lime; in fact, 
slightly diminishing it (see Lime Water), and adds one-seventh of 



FOODS, AND THEIK PREPARATION. 221 

cream, thus raising the fiber element about four-tenths of one per cent, 
and almost doubles the fat, yielding, instead of the milk equivalent of 
310, about 600 calories. 

Liine Water.— Put a piece of unslaked lime, size of an egg, into a 
quart bottle of rain water. Stand twelve hours. Pour off the clear 
water for use, and refill as long as the lime lasts. This is the saturated 
solution usually ordered for children and contains but 1.3 grams of 
lime per pint, while milk contains 1.7. (Bimge). To mix this with 
milk as an ant. acid or to supply the mineral is equally useless. If the 
latter be the object, and the milk be poor or wanting, give the yolk of 
egg instead. 

Linseed Tea.— On one ounce of bruised linseed and one-half ounce 
of sliced licorice root pour one quart boiling water. Cover and set 
near the fire two hours. Strain through muslin; flavor with sliced 
lemon and sugar candy. One to two tablespoonfuls as necessary. 
This is a slightly nutritious demulcent preparation of service in irrita- 
ble conditions of the respiratory tract, when the diet otherwise affords 
sufficient fiber elements. 

Malt and Milk.— Ground malt four tablespoonfuls, boiled ten min- 
utes in a pint of water. Pour off and add a pint of new milk. Its 
value as a food is about that of milk as the malt adds only a little 
starch element, and partly predigests the milk. 

Broiled Chopped Meat.— Reduce to a pulp, first removing the skin, 
connective tissue, gristle, etc. Make lightly into a cake. Heat frying 
pan very hot and place upon it without water or grease, and allow to 
remain until the surface is seared over; then turn. When this side is 
seared also set back, cover until the red color of the meat changes to a 
drab. Season with fresh butter and a little salt. This furnishes a 
fiber and fat diet excluding the force constituents altogether. It is not 
properly a sick diet, but is well adapted to furnish strength in active 
conditions, and is often curative in dyspepsia, liver complaint, etc., by 
reason of its simplicity. 

Meat Infusion.— Mince the breast of chicken, add half its weight 
of water, stand two hours and press through cloth. Flavor with lemon, 
or with extract of meat. Has the value of other meat extracts sub- 
stantially. Not to be depended upon for subsistence. 

3Iilk.— Is safest taken after it has been scalded, and in the main, is 
then more easily digested than uncooked. The invalid may, at first, 
take a quarter of a pint at a meal, increasing the amount until after 
considerable exercise is taken, when a pint may be used at each meal. 
A pint of milk is as nutritious as, or even more than, six ounces of lean 
beef or mutton. (Densmore.) Should not be boiled. 

3Iilk Diet.— Divide the day into even periods, say six, and at each 
period drink one-third of a pint of fresh milk. Increase each day until 



222 THE SECRET OE HEALTH. 

five or six quarts are taken daily. Increase the number of periods for 
the larger quantity, so as not to take more than one-half pint at a time. 
Take it cold or warm but it must not be boiled, and nothing else must 
be eaten. For variety, clabbered milk may be taken part of the time, 
Many times those who are unable to take solid food, and who, in 
health, are unable to digest milk, can take it in this way in any quan- 
tity, as it passes directly through the stomach and is digested in the 
duodenum. (Roberts.) 

Milk Gruel, Peptonized.— Add to hot milk gruel an equal quantity 
of cold milk, and to each pint of the mixture two teaspooniuls of 
liqour pancreaticus or its equivalent, and twenty grains of bicarbonate 
of soda. Set in a warm place two to three hours, raise to boiling point 
and strain. In ursemic vomiting, gastric catarrh, cardiac disease, per- 
nicious anaemia, gastric ulcer and pyloric and intestinal obstruction 
peptonized milk gruel is of especial value. (Roberts.) 

Milk, Peptonized.— Dilute a pint of milk with one-half pint of lime 
water, or with one-half pint of water containing twenty grains of 
bicarbonate of soda. If in the winter slightly warm the ingredients. 
Add three teaspoonfuls of liquor pancreaticus, or an equivalent in 
other pancreatic extract, and set aside in a jug for three or four 
hours. Then use at once, or boil a moment, so as to stop the process 
of digestion. 

Milk Punch.— One goblet of milk sweetened to taste, two dessert 
spoonfuls of brandy, stir well and season with nutmeg if desired. This 
quantity of brandy may be allowed as an emergency supply, but is 
more than double what should be used if the punch is taken every two 
or three hours. See Alcohol. 

Milk Substitute No, 1.— For digestive troubles of infancy when 
milk cannot be tolerated. A strong gruel predigested with malt infu- 
sion mixed with an equal volume of beef tea or other meat decoction. 
(Roberts.) Should not be used in the first eight or ten months of a 
child's life, as its starch element is too strong even though partly 
digested. 

Milk Substitute No, 2.— Soak two tablespoons of washed barley 
half an hour in a little lukewarm water, and stir into two cups of salted 
boiling water. Simmer one hour, stirring of ten. Sweeten and strain. 
Should be used with the same caution as No. 1. 

Milk Substitute No, 3,— One pound of raw beef , chopped fine, in a 
bottle with one pint of water and five drops of muriatic acid. Stand 
on ice twelve hours. Stand in a pan of water at 110 F. two hours. 
Strain with pressure and salt. Add a flavor of cinnamon, celery or 
pepper. Much more stimulating than either of the others, but must 
not be relied upon to sustain life during long periods. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 223 

3Iilk Thickened.— Stir flour into cold milk to a thick paste, then 
stir the paste into boiling milk until thoroughly cooked, and salt to 
taste. Has a nutritious value between milk and bread, and is excellent 
in bowel complaint of adults or children. 

Mustard Dressing,— Boil one heaping tablespoon of butter, or beef 
fat, and add one tablespoon of flour; stir. Gradually add a pint of 
water, teaspoon of salt and a fourth of a teaspoon of pepper. Add a 
little mustard. Or, half teaspoon of beef fat can be used and one-half 
teaspoon of butter, cut in small pieces. 

Mntton Broth No. 1.— Take one pound of mutton, without fat, cut 
into thin slices. Pour over it one quart of cold water, let it simmer 
one hour and boil one hour. Stir. Strain and season. Belongs to the 
beef tea and meat extract varieties of food. Stimulating from its 
large proportion of mineral salts, but having no fiber element. 

Mutton Broth No. 2.— One pound of mutton from the neck, or bet- 
ter, the loin, one quart cold water, and teaspoon of chopped onion 
Remove tough skin, fat and all membranes, and cut meat into small 
pieces. Put all into saucepan and simmer three hours , strain out the 
meat, dip off the fat with a spoon, remove small particles with paper: 
season with salt and pepper Serve hot with toasted cracker. This 
gives zest to the crackers, which constitute the real nourishment of the 
meal and as far as they go, are about half as strong again as bread. 
The onion amounts to little more than flavoring. 

Nut and Fruit Pudding (Densmore's).-- A pound of shelled Brazil 
nuts, or walnuts, or filberts, or hazelnuts, may be added to a pound of 
dates, a pound of dried figs and a pound of raisins; the dried fruit 
well washed, sliced thin; stones removed from the dates, the nuts are 
also better sliced. Mix in a pudding dish, and cover with enough 
water to give the desired consistency to the pudding after baking two 
hours, or, the jar may be placed in boiling water and the water kept 
boiling two and a half or three hours. A portion of this pudding may 
be eaten with the more acid fruits, well ripened. If it be desired to 
eat only a small portion of the pudding and more of the fruit, it may 
be made with double the quantity of nuts, and thus the needed 
amount of oil can be obtained with a smaller bulk of pudding. This 
pudding made with one pound of hazelnuts and the dried fruits, gives 
5,829 calories, or 1,457 per pound of ingredients besides water. About 
equal to fat beef flank 

Nutritive Enema and Embrocation No. 1,— One grain pure Papoid 
dissolved in one ounce of water (tw T o tablespoonfuls; mix six ounces of 
raw lean beef, chopped fine, keep two hours at a temperature of 130 
degrees. Strain through cheese cloth, and add a little boiled water. 
If desired, five per cent, of brandy may be added. Use as an embroca- 
tion when absorption is wanted. 



224 THE SECRET OE HEALTH. 

Nutritive Enema No. 2.— To equal parts of Milk Gruel and Beef 
Tea (stimulating) add a dessert spoonful of liquor pancreaticus, or its 
equivalent, and administer immediately. 

Nutritive Enema No. 3.— A tablespoon ful of Beef Pulp, one of Cof- 
fee Syrup, and two of sweet cream with a dessert spoonful of liquor 
pancreaticus. 

Oatmeal and Fruit.— Over one-half pint of oatmeal mush lay half 
a, pound of sliced fruit, bananas, oranges, peaches, etc., and over that 
pour four ounces (one-half cup) of cream and sprinkle on an ounce of 
pulverized sugar. Nearly the same as milk in fiber, and yields about 
1,000 calories. 

Oatmeal Gruel.— Make a smooth paste with two tablespoonfuls of 
oatmeal and same of water. Stir m a pint of boiling water; boil half 
an hour. Salt, and strain through muslin. If too thick, thin with milk. 
Without milk its fiber value is a little less than two per cent., and its 
calories 230. 

Oatmeal Mush.— Boil in a double boiler five hours, one-half cup 
(four ounces) of oatmeal with one-half teaspoon of salt, with one pint 
of boiling water. Put upper vessel on stove for two minutes to start 
boiling. Serve with cream or jelly. If rolled oats are used three 
hours is sufficient to cook them. Estimating twelve ounces of the 
food, its fiber will be five per cent and its calories 460, aside from 
cream or jelly. 

Oatmeal Porridge.— Mix two ounces of oatmeal with small teacup 
of cold water until of uniform consistence Pour over it one pint boil- 
ing water. Boil, and stir for forty minutes It is now ready for use or 
can be kept simmering, adding more water as needed. Its fiber value 
is about 1.5 per cent., and it gives 230 calories. 

Oatmeal Porridge (thick).— Put two quarts of boiling water, salt, 
and six ounces of oatmeal into a farina kettle. Cover and boil one 
hour. Do not stir Eat hot with six ounces of sweet cream. Assum- 
ing that the porridge equals three pounds, its fiber value is nearly two 
per cent., its calories 690, which are raised by the cream to over 1,400 

Oatmeal Pudding.— Take two pounds oatmeal porridge, add yokes 
of four eggs, three ounces of sugar, salt and lemon, and the whites of 
the eggs, well beaten. Bake one hour. Serve with five ounces of 
sweet cream. This gives a fiber percentage of about three per cent, 
and 4,842 calories ; that is in fiber nearly equaling milk, and in calories 
nearly four times as much as bread. 

Oatmeal Tea.— On a tablespoonf ul of oatmeal pour a pint of boil- 
ing water, sweeten with honey and flavor with lemon-rind, cut thin. 
Stir and stand till cool. Warm for drinking if desired. Before the 
addition of the honey its fiber value is one per cent., and its calories 115. 



FOODS ; AND THEm PREPARATION. 225 

Oatmeal Water.— Stir a tablespoonful of oatmeal into a goblet of 
yroM water and stand an hour. Strain and drink cold. Fiber. value 
two per cent., calories 115. 

Orange Cream. — Squeeze the juice and pulp of three oranges into 
a bowl. Add the juice of half a lemon, three ounces of sugar, one and 
a half pints of cold water; boil and strain. Dissolve two tablespoon- 
r fills of corn starch in a little cold water; add to the juices; let it boil 
fifteen minutes to cook the corn starch. When cold, beat up the 
whites of three eggs to a foam and whip it into the corn starch. The 
liber element is but a fraction of one per cent., and the whole quantity 
yields less than a thousand calories, so that in small portions it is 
rather a pleasant amusement than a diet. 

Orange Sherbet. — To every quart of water add juice of four oran- 
ges and juice of two lemons. When nearly frozen stir in t lie beaten 
whites of three eggs. An albuminous food, with good sustaining prop- 
erties, when an acidulated fiber food is required in fluid form. But it 
should always be remembered that, in drinks, the food elements are 
greatly diluted. 

Our Coffee No. 1,— A favorite-mix is two-thirds Java and one-third 
Mocha. Should be ground just before needed. For a pot of coffee use 
one heaped tablespoon to a cup of water. Add a little yolk or white 
of an egg to the grounds, diluted with a spoonful of water. Mix thor- 
oughly, then pour on boiling water and simmer for five minutes, and 
steep ten minutes more. Should be served at once. A nervous stimu- 
lant. 

Our Coffee No. 2.— A tablespoonful of coffee soaked over night in 
one-half cup of cold water. Heat almost to boiling, add one-half cup 
of boiling water, and set back five minutes. Stir in one-half of the 
mixed white and yolk of one egg. Settle, and serve with one-half cup 
of scalded milk and loaf sugar. A nervous stimulant to which is 
added by the egg, milk and sugar about 100 calories of heat, and a 
fiber value over half bread. 

Oyster Broth No. 1. — Chop eight fresh oysters fine, and put into a 
saucepan with a cup of cold water. Slowly heat to boiling, and sim- 
mer five minutes: strain, flavor with salt, and serve hot. Supposing 
this to make seven-eighths of a pint, its food value as compared with 
milk is, fiber about one-third less and calories 85. While not the equal 
of milk in sustaining or heat-generating power it is a pleasant and 
appetizing variety for totally inactive conditions. 

Oyster Broth No. 2.— Oyster Broth No. 1 eaten with buttered toast 
(see B. T.). This adds to the nourishment of the broth 136 calories for 
each ounce of toast, and is subject to the same restriction as that 
toast but in a less degree. 

15 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Oysters, Creamed.— Clean a pint of oysters and dry on a napkin „ 
then spread on a plate and season with salt, pepper, and a suspicion of 
cayenne. Make a rich cream sauce of one pint of cream, one even 
tablespoon (one ounce) of butter, and two tablespoons of flour. After 
cooking, pour over the seasoned oyster and bake ten or fifteen min- 
utes. This cooks, but does not harden the oyster. The mixing of 
oyster and sauce should be done quickly so that the sauce may not 
become cold before being put in the oven. Also requires more time 
for cooking. This gives a fiber food somewhat stronger than milk, 
and heat production nearly three times as great; being for the whole, 
1,588 calories requiring about eighty-two pints of oxygen for its com- 
plete transmutation. 

Oysters, Broiled.— Drain large oysters on a cloth, and turn from 
one side to the other to make as dry as possible. Soften some butter, 
and season some cracker crumbs with salt and pepper. Then, holding 
each oyster, dip into the crumbs, then the melted butter, then the 
crumbs. Arrange on an oyster broiler and broil over hot fire for about 
two minutes. Turn the broiler frequently. Should not be shriveled, 
but soft, plump, tender and juicy. In fiber constituent midway be- 
tween milk and bread; fats and calories uncertain because of the 
variable quantity of butter and crumbs, but probably about midway 
between bread and meat. Unfit for feeble digestion. 

Oyster Stew.— One-third of a teacup of oyster liquor in a stewpau 
with half as much water; salt and pepper, and add one teaspoon of 
rolled cracker. Have ten oysters ready, and the instant the liquor 
begins to boil pour in the oysters, aud as soon as it begins to boil again 
count thirty seconds and pour immediately into one and a half table- 
spoonfuls (| ounce) of cold milk, and serve. Supposing the oysters of 
the same size as in Oyster Broth No. 1, the whole product will give 
about 160 calories, and is somewhat richer in fiber than is Oyster 
Broth No. 1. 

Oysters, Roasted.— Place twelve oysters in the shell upon the fire 
until the shells open a little. Take off, open, retaining juice; serve 
hot with pepper and salt. If the "hard part" is at all tough, do not 
eat it. Delicate, digestible, and of the nutritious value of oysters. 

Peach Bread Pudding. — Pour boiling water on a pint (eight 
ounces) of fine stale bread or cracker crumbs, with a small tablespoon 
of butter (one ounce). When thoroughly soaked, stir in two well- 
beaten eggs and half cup of sugar. Put first a layer of batter, then of 
peaches and sugar, until full. Eat with cream, four ounces. Peaches 
two pounds. This gives about three per cent, fiber constituent and 
2,200 calories. 

Peach Foam.— Peel and cut ripe peaches into small pieces so the v e 
will be a cupful when done (eight ounces). Beat for half an hour with 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 327 

lialf cup of powdered sugar and white of one egg. This gives about 1.& 
per cent, of fiber and 600 calories. 

Pie Crust, Hygienic, No. 1.— Mix equal quantities of graham and 
white flour together with cream, ir the proportion of three cups of 
flour to one scant cup of cream, tetir rapidly and lightly. Without 
kneading, set in a cool place half an hour before rolling out. Two tea- 
spoons of baking powder will make the crust lighter. In that case 
roll and bake at once. 

Pie Crust, Hygienic, No. 2,— Take equal quantities of white pastry 
flour, Indian and oatmeal, and wet with cream as above directed. 
Roll very thin. No. 1 has about 9 per cent, fiber and produces 3,077 cal- 
ories. No-2 has 9.3 per cent, of fiber and 3,143 calories. 

Peach Paste.— Pare half a peck of peaches, weigh them, and to 
each pound allow a quarter of a pound of sugar. Stew slowly. When 
cooked dry enough to spread in a thick paste, spread over a buttered 
board, and stand in the sun to dry; if necessary, put it out the second 
day. When dry, so that it does not stick, roll up like leather amd keep 
in a dry place. The sugar will add 450 calories to the 250 of each pound 
of the uncooked fruit, making 700 each. The condensation by drying 
it is difficult to estimate, but is not less than three-fourths, which 
would give the dried article a heating power of 2,800 calories, more than 
double that of bread, and a fiber element of about two per cent., or 
more than half that of milk. 

Peach Pie, Deep. —Fill dish with two quarts ripe, peeled peaches, 
leaving - in pits to increase the flavor. Fill half full with cold water, 
sprinkle in eight ounces sugar, and cover with a light paste of Pie Crust, 
Hygienic, No. 1, rolled to twice the thickness used for pies. Bake in a 
slow oven three-fourths' of an hour. Eat with cream, half pint. Sup- 
posing the water to measure one pint and the crust to weigh two 
pounds, the fiber element will be about 5.3 and the calories of the 
whole 5,579. 

Pomarius.— Filter new cider through flannel bag and heat until it 
begins to thicken. Finish drying in shallow dishes till it is of the con- 
sistency of jelly and about one-tenth of its first measure. Pack in 
glass or earthen, and it will keep during the summer. May be diluted 
for sauces or beverages. 

Potatoes, Creamed.— Cut boiled potatoes in half-inch dice, put in 
a pan with salt and pepper, and pour on milk until even with the sur- 
face of the potato. Simmer until all the milk is absorbed. For every 
pint of potatoes make a pint of white sauce, season with a saltsooon 
of salt and teaspoon of chopped parsley. Chopped onion may be used. 
Supposing eight ounces each of potatoes and milk to constitute the 
above ingredients, the fiber element will be 7.5, and the calories for the 
whole 1,078. 



228 ; Til^ S1GEET: OP HEALTH. 

v White Sauce.-— Butter two ounces, two ounces fiouiv Cream thsm r 
and pour a cup of boiling water over them. Fiber element two per 
^ent., calories 658. ..--.-. . 

Pudding, Strawberry.— Make a jam by mashing one quart fresh 
strawberries and sweeten to taste, say four ounces of sugar. Spread 
slices of wheat bread (one pound) with it, and pile one above the other 
in a pudding dish.. Pour over thin cream, one pint, to moisten well, 
and cut into pieces. Custard may be used in place of the cream. The 
fiber constituent of this pudding is 3.8, while the whole yields 3,286 cal- 
ories.— enough for three hearty meals at light labor for a woman. 

A Puree,— A tablespoon fui or two of water or bouillon in a sauce- 
pan over a fire, add chopped meat, stirring it until the red color has 
given place to a drab; season with salt and butter. One, two, three, 
or tour ounces of this meat should be given to the patient at a meal, its 
strength may warrant and stomach allow. No food when there is no 
appetite, and none after appetite has been satisfied. 

Raspberry Shortcake.— Rub three tablespoons (six ounces) of but- 
ter or lard into a quart of flour, sifted with three teaspoons of baking 
powder until it is fine, then add milk until it is as soft as can be rolled 
out. Handle as little as possible. Make about one-half inch thick, 
bake, and invert the bottom of the cake for the layer of berries. Pile 
them on an inch thick with bits of butter, dredge with sugar and put 
over them another layer like the first. Pour over whipped cream, or, 
in place of it, use a sauce made by creaming together three times as 
much sugar as butter. Then add an egg, and stir in, slowly, half a cup 
of rich milk. A delicious dish of which only those with strong diges- 
tion should partake, or, if the dyspeptic does indulge, it should be the 
sole food for that meal. 

Raspberry Syrup.— Six pounds of raspberries, one quart of water, 
and two and one-half drams of citric (or tartaric) acid, stand twenty- 
four hours. Strain without bruising the fruit, and to each, pint of the 
•juice add one and a half pounds of sugar and stir till dissolved. After 
a few days bottle securely. Makes a pleasant drink, or flavoring. 

Raw Diet No. 1.— Bovinine, oysters, lettuce, tomatoes, cabbage, 
fruits. 

Raw Diet No. 2.— Beef pulp, milk, fruits. 

Raw Diet No. 3.— Bovinine, milk, raw eggs. 

Raw Diet No. 4.— Fruits, nuts, milk. 

RaAv Diet No. 5.— Grapes, cereals. 

Raw Diet No. 6.— Bovinine. 

Raw Diet No, 7,— Mosquera's beef meal. 

The food value of all these will depend upon their combinations, 
and can be learned under the several articles named. 



FOODS; 1XD THEIR PREPARATION. %%& 

'■ '"■ Restorative Jelly.— Put one-half box of gelatine, one cup of port 
wine, and two cloves, and a half -inch square of cinnamon into a double 
boiler. &:t on the fire and when the gelatine is dissolved put in one 
tablespoonful of powdered gum arabic, two tablespoonfuls of lemon 
juice, and three tablespoonfuls of sugar. Stir thoroughly ; strain, and 
put into mold an inch thick. Cut in cubes; served two or three at a 
time: to be held in the mouth until melted. An aromatic stimulant, 
grateful to the stomach in certain conditions of weakness, affording a 
fair degree of energy, but not to be relied upon to replace wornout 
fiber. 

Rice, Boiled, — Boil in sufficient water to cover it, for one hour. 
Season with salt or butter, and serve with milk, or plain. If cooked 
properly, until the grains are soft, it is an excellent dish in bowel dis- 
eases. If the grain can be felt it is not done* Will support a life of no 
great activity, but needs to be combined with some strong fiber food 
for ordinary consumption. 

Rice Bread.— Make a sponge of one quart of warm water, one tea- 
cupful of yeast, one tablespoonfnl of sugar, two tablespoonfuls of lard 
and one quart of white flour. Beat, and in about five hours, when it 
has risen, add three pints of warm milk, and three teacupfuls of rice- 
flour wet to a thin paste with cold milk, and boil four minutes as you 
would starch. Should be a little more than lukewarm when stirred 
into the batter. If not thick enough to make into dough, add a little 
wheat flour. Knead and treat as wheat bread. This has about one 
per cent, less fiber than bread, but adds considerably to its heat 
production. 

Rice Gruel.— Boiling milk, one pint; ground rice, one tablespoon- 
fnl; wet the rice with cold milk, making a smooth paste, and stir into 
the boiling milk. Boil for ten or fifteen minutes and salt. Stir well 
for it will burn easily. About one-half of one per cent, stronger in 
fiber element than milk, and the whole yielding over 400 calories. 

Rice Milk No. 1.— Wet two tablespoonfuls of rice flour in cold milk 
and stir into two cups of boiling milk and boil ten minutes, stirring 
constantly. Sugar, one ounce, and eat warm with one ounce of cream, 
or fruit cream. A little over one per cent, stronger than milk in fiber 
constituent, and yields about 700 calories. 

Rice Milk No. 2.— Boil a tablespoonful of rice for an hour and a 
half in a pint of fresh milk. Rub through a fine sieve. Add a table- 
spoonful of white sugar and boil again for two or three minutes. Sup- 
posing the product to be reduced by the boiling to twelve ounces, we 
have about five per cent, fiber and 524 calories. 

Rice Water.— An ounce of well-washed rice soaked three hours in 
a pint of tepid water, then slowly boiled an hour. Add salt, sugar, or 



230 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

nutmeg. About one per cent, of fiber, and 100 calories in the whole 
without sugar. A good drink in bowel diseases. 

Rusk.— Toast, .without burning, dry crusts of bread in a moderate 
oven until brown. When cold, pound in a mortar or grind fine in a 
coffee mill until reduced to a coarse meal. Eat with milk or cream. 
Sweeten if desired. Has the value of the milk or cream, plus the 
bread contained. An excellent light dish for warm weather for those 
with whom milk agrees. 

Smoked-beef Broth.— Cover one-half pound chipped beef with 
one, pint cold water in a double boiler. Simmer one hour. Add one 
pint of sweet milk that has simmered in another vessel; strain, and 
season. This affords, if not much concentrated by boiling, about 7.5 
per cent, of fiber, and 720 calories for the whole. 

Strawberries and Whipped Cream. — Sift two ounces powdered 
sugar over a pint of hulled strawberries alternating, first the berries 
then the sugar, until the dish is full. Should be done before they are 
served. Pour over them a cup of whipped cream with the whites of 
two eggs and one tablespoonful of powdered sugar. This gives about 
the fiber strength of milk with nearly three times its energy, so that it 
will support far more active exertions than milk can. 

Tamarind Water.— Stir one tablespoonful of tamarinds into a gob- 
let of ice water, add a teaspoonful of sugar; strain, and drink cold. A 
pleasant acid drink in fevers. 

Tapioca Jelly.— Put in a two-quart dish, one cup of tapioca with 
water to cover it, and soak four hours. Put the dish into a saucepan 
of boiling water. If too thick pour more warm water over it. Boil 
and stir frequently. When clear, add juice of a lemon and sweeten to 
taste. Put in molds. Eat cold with cream, flavored to suit. Tapioca 
is, substantially, pure starch, and the addition of the sugar only 
increases its power of heat production. It is a dish on which child or 
man would starve if restricted to it alone. Good in small quantities 
with foods rich in fiber, but is unfit for feverish conditions, and for 
dyspepsias with fermentive flatulence, and for rheumatics with the 
uric acid tendency. 

Tea, Our.— Best black tea one heaping teaspoonful. Boiling, soft 
water, one cupful. Infuse three minutes in a covered earthen pot, 
previously heated, and pour off, and keep covered till used. Exhila- 
rating, socializing, and used at the end ofa meal of solids, not so strong 
as to affect the nerves, beneficial. 

Toast, Our.— Stale bread cut about one-fourth of an inch thick, and 
held just near enough to the fire to dry it through, then brought close 
enough to give a delicate straw color; this is toast, digestible and 
enjoyable, with much of its starch turned by heat into glucose. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 231 

Sprinkle with a little salt, and butter after it reaches the invalid's 
plate. With the salt, less butter will be desired. Has the nutritive 
value of the bread partly predigested, plus the energy contributed by 
the butter. 

Toast Water No. 1,— Three slices of " Our Toast" broken into a 
pint bowl. Cover with cold water and soak an hour, then squeeze 
out, and serve cold with cream and sugar, or with fruit cream, or 
acidulated with lemon juice. 

Toast Water No. 2.— As above, except boiling water is used. Both 
are slightly nutritious but chiefly valuable as an agreeable drink in 
-sickness. 

Toinato Soup.— Peel and cut into small pieces six good-sized toma- 
toes (say 24 ounces); put m a pan with a quart of water, boil until ten- 
der; season with salt and pepper. Stir into the water half a teaspoon- 
ful of baking soda. Lift from the stove when stirring in the soda, or 
it will run over. Boil again and add a pint of sweet milk. Pour over 
one-half pound broken crackers. Excellent dish for convalescents 
and may be used in all cases except where there is a tendency to 
looseness of the bowels. Its fiber element is about three per cent., 
and it yields 1,450 calories as a whole. 

Unferinented Bread.— One ounce of bicarbonate of soda (baking 
soda) and one-quarter of au ounce of salt. Mix with four pounds of 
flour. Mix this with a quart of cold water containing half a fluid ounce 
of muriatic acid : make a thin dough with as little kneading as possible ; 
put in the oven without delay. Requires longer time for baking than it 
lakes for fermented bread. Has about the nutritive elements of 
wheat bread, and is better in fermentive states of the digestive organs. 

Unleavened Wafers.— Mix good, dry flour, little salt, to a stiff 
lough with milk. Roll thin. Cut into round cakes and roll again as 
thin as letter paper. Bake quickly. May be mixed with water. 
Easily digested, and fill an important place in the dyspeptic's dietary. 
Has the nutritious value of good bread made with milk. 

Wine Whey.— Bring to a boil, one pint of milk. Pour on one-half 
a gill of sour wine; let it simmer, and skim off the curd which rises. 
After a few minutes pour in another half gill of wine, skim the 
remaining curd, and add one teaspoonful of sugar, and when cold is 
ready for use. Good in fevers where its 300 calories of energy are not 
objectionable. 

Whisky Drink.— Whisky diluted to the taste with water. Allow- 
ing two ounces of whisky, at 50 per cent, alcohol, this will give 217 
calories to each drink, with no fiber element. 



m§'' the secret of health, 

infant's- foods. 

Infants, — from birth to near the end of the second year. 
Some facts of prime importance should precede the discussion 
of this subject. Dr. W. R. Pritchard is authority for the 
statement that, in 1886, 500,000 children under five years of 
age died in the United States, and that more than 333,000 of 
them died in consequence of improper feeding. That year was 
not exceptionally fatal. Look at the appalling fact! Since 
that year more than two million children, under five years,, 
have died in the United States from improper feeding ! More 
lives than were lost by all the armies of the Union and the 
Confederacy during the entire four years' war of the Rebellion. 
Said Sir C. Clark, the eminent London surgeon, 4i The igno- 
rance of mothers in feeding their children is worth a thousand 
pounds ($5,000) a year to me." This ignorance is chiefly as 
regards proper substitutes for mother's milk, although the time 
of feeding and the quantity furnished are of great importance. 

Cow's Milk. — The first substitute usually thought of i^ 
cow's milk. Cow's milk contains more albuminous matter, 
and mineral constituents, and less fat and sugar than human 
milk, and is acid, while mother's milk is alkaline. A gallon 
contains seven pints of water and one pound of solid matter. 
The casein of cow's milk forms a hard, insoluble curd in the 
stomach of the infant. The calf has four stomachs, and exer- 
cises the day it is born and grows rapidly, is therefore in need 
of the extra fiber element, and capable of digesting the tough 
casein of cow's milk ; but it is not appropriate for the babe. 
Nature has prepared human milk for the infant, in which the 
casein is light and flocculent, and will not form into hard and 
indigestible curds in the stomach like the casein of cow's 
milk. The fact that rugged, country-born infants often thrive 
on cow's milk is no proof of its general adaptation to the needs- 
of infancy, particularly in cities. 

"The albuminoids in woman's milk are only about one- 
half the amount of those contained in cow's milk ; but the 
amount of albumen — that part of the albuminoids readily 



FOODS, AHD THEIK PREPARATION. 233 

digestible and not coaguable by acids— is, in woman's milk, 
nearly double that in cow's milk ; while in cow's milk the 
caseine— that portion of the albuminoids difficult of digestion 
and coagulable by acids — is nearly fivefold greater than in 
woman's milk." These are differences of immense signifi- 
cance. 

Starch Foods. — The next substitute usually sought is 
some form of starch. But under about six to ten months the 
infant has no salivary ferment with which to digest starch ; 
therefore, indigestion niuGt result, with its consequent pain and 
bowel derangements. It is true that Dr. Christopher claims 
that all the ferments of the child are capable of digesting 
starch, but his admission that starch food is not proper as a 
continuous diet for the young child, robs his assertion of alL 
value, if quoted in favor of starch as an element of its food. 

There are a few fundamental principles to be observed in 
the production of a substitute for mother's milk, namely : 

1. Human Milk is the Correct Standard.— Dr. 
A. V. Meigs has made a series of very carefully-conducted 
analyses, ten in number, comprising the milk of forty-three 
mothers, in which he has reached conclusions differing from 
all others. His reasoning in support of the claim that all oth- 
ers had followed defective methods does not seem decisive, yet 
his conclusions cannot be ignored. There is no dispute as to* 
the amount of water and fats in human milk. There is diver- 
sity of opinions about the amounts of fiber constituent and 
sugar. There is about the same range of variation between the 
total amounts of sugar and fiber element. L. 'Heritier found a 
difference between the fiber constituents of blonds and bru- 
nettes of six-tenths of one per cent., by the same methods of 
analyses. A. V. Meigs, himself, found a difference by his 
method between the milk of different women of over one-half 
of one per cent. 

The average of all analyses at hand (over 100) gives 2.3 per 
cent, of fiber element. Meigs claims that 1 is the correct fig- 
ure. It is evident, therefore, that from 1. to 2.3 is the range 



234 THE SEOBET OF HEALTH. 

of variation. Enduring vitality unquestionably depends upon 
a sufficiency of the fiber element ; therefore, any food that 
does not contain one per cent, of that should be rejected at 
once, whatever may be its excellences in other respects. The 
fat and force elements may impart a seeming plumpness, the 
delusion of which is very apt to fade away before the ordinary 
diseases of childhood. 

Composition of Human Milk, — Allowing what may 
be termed a variable average obtained by comparison of the 
general average above quoted with the Meigs' table, we reach 
the following as the composition of human milk : Water, 87 ; 
fiber element, 1 to 2.3 ; fats, 4 ; force, 6.5 to 7.4 ; salt, .15. The 
complete digestion, assimilation and excretion of this evolves 
from 19J to 2l£ calories of energy per ounce, and requires the 
absorption of from 7-j- to 8 pints of oxygen per ounce. 

2. Quantity of Food Required.— Mother's milk is 
the correct guide as to quantity as well as substance. On the 
average, healthy mothers secrete, and infants consume a little 
over two ounces of milk in every twenty-four hours for every 
pound of their weight. 

Hence a child at two months weighing 9£ pounds requires 
twenty ounces in seven or eight feeds ; at six months and fif- 
teen pounds, 31| ounces in six meals ; at ten months and nine- 
teen pounds, forty ounces in five meals, and at one year and 
three times its birth- weight (28| pounds), fifty-eight to sixty 
ounces. Parrot estimated 14| ounces at two months, Bon- 
chard twenty ounces, and A. F. Meigs 35 ounces, the mean of 
which is 23 ounces. 

It should be understood, however, that these are only 
averages, and the only true rule is, if a healthy child leaves 
a part of every feed, he is getting too much ; but if he cries 
after every feeding, evidently not from pain, but from dissat- 
isfaction, he is not having enough. 

3. The Substitute Food should contain no elements 
not found in mother's milk. No mother's milk ever contains 
starch in any form ; therefore it should be excluded from the 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 235 

substitute. No mother's milk contains cane sugar or ordinary 
table sugar, but instead lactose or milk sugar, which is readily 
assimiliable, while cane sugar must first undergo a special pro- 
cess of digestion into glucose before it can be assimilated at 
all, — a process which is in itself irritative to the delicate 
digestive organs of the babe. 

4. The Elements in the Substitute Should be 
Proportioned as they are in mother's milk, except as differ- 
ent digestibility may require slight variation. For example, 
the albumen of the substitute may necessarily be a little less 
digestible than that of human milk, therefore its percentage 
should be correspondingly increased in order to compensate 
for that deficiency. 

So, likewise, the substitute must lack the animal vitality 
wdth which mother's milk is charged as it is drawn warm from 
the breast ; hence a slight increase of the fats in order to com- 
pensate for that deficiency, may also be allowed. From 1.5 to 
2.8 for the protein, 4 to 4.3 for the fats, and 6.5 to 7.8 for 
the force element, should embrace the allowable range of 
variation. 

5. The Energy Evolved by the working up of the 
substitute in the physiological processes, should correspond 
with that of human milk, that is, 19J to 21-J calories for each 
ounce consumed. Any considerable deficiency will necessa- 
rily entail corresponding lack of vitality, while a large excess 
will produce abnormal restlessness, inflammations and fevers. 

6. The Oxygen Required for the generation of the 
above amount of energy must correspond with the amount 
required for the production of the same amount of energy 
from mother's milk, namely 7^ to 8 pints per ounce of food. 
Less than the normal demand will be attended with less seri- 
ous results than an excess, because the little exercise and 
feeble respiratory power of the infant render its procurement 
impossible, with consequent sub-oxidation of the blood and 
tissues. 

That the Construction of a Substitute that shall 
fulfill all these conditions is not easy, is evident from the 



236 THE &E€liET OF HEALTH. ; 

almost uninterrupted series of failures of the past thirty years.* 
notwithstanding the chemical and physiological knowledge 
that has been brought to bear upon the subject. This fact 
might be less deplorable were the statements of the manufac-> 
turers of infant's foods more reliable. Their published analy- 
ses, unless very explicit, are of no account, because with 
infant's foods, as with baking powders and patent medicines, 
few are so poor that they cannot find some chemists venial 
enough to serve their purpose ; e. g. , it is easy to testify that a 
certain food has as much albuminous matter as human milk, 
which may be literally true as in the case of cow's milk, but a 
larger part of it may be in such an insoluble form as to be 
practically worthless. 

Says Dr. Stutzor of Bonn, "The analysis of this limited number of 
infant's foods shows how far incomplete and inferior most of theni- 
are, and how rarely they meet the requisite conditions of a rational 
food." 

Prof. Everhart says that, 1. Xo infant food now sold can be made 
up either with or without cow's milk into a liquid having as great an 
amount of total solids (13.75 per cent.) as are in woman's milk, unless 
they consist of starch or the casein of cow's milk. 2. The nitrogen of 
not one of them is as easy of digestion as that in mother's milk. 3. 
The percentage of fat is uniformly too low. 4. The soluble carbohy- 
drates are different in chemical properties, and most likely in physi- 
ological, from the sugar in woman's milk. 5. The most of them con- 
tain starch which is never found in mother's milk, and cannot be 
assimilated. 6. Where there is an approximation to woman's milk it 
is due to the use of cows's milk. 

These are sweeping statements, but we shall show that 
with few exceptions they are correct, yet it must be conceded 
that many children actually thrive on perhaps every kind of 
infant food ever largely sold, which proves not the good qual- 
ity of the food, for many diseased mothers nurse apparently 
healthy children, but that the vitality of the children is supe- 
rior to the defects of their diet, or that the time of the appear- 
ance of unfavorable symptoms has not yet come. In many 
cases that time is puberty. 

Substitutes are Needed.— None the less imperative is 
the demand for a substitute that shall be a substitute and not 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. %Wl 

a sham. Thousands upon thousands of anxious mothers are 
asking every day : " What and how much food must we give 
to our bottle-fed infants ? " The manufacturers have answered 
in the way indicated by the testimonies of Dr. Stutzer and 
Prof. Everhart. What, then, can the poor mothers do? Turn 
to their physicians? But they are just as much in the dark as 
are the mothers ! 

In demonstration of this statement we have tabulated 
many of the best foods that are recommended by physicians as 
follows, only promising that the Children's Hospital food is 
from the published formulae of The Children's Hospital of 
Philadelphia (after reducing it as far as practicable to definite 
standards) under the management of some of the most skillful 
physicians in the country. 

To the two fundamental tests formerly recognized by the 
most careful practitioners, namely, the presence of a suffi- 
ciency of fiber element, and the absence of starch, the 
advances made by chemists in physiological researches during 
the past fifteen years now enables us to add two more of very 
great, if not equal importance, namely, the amount of oxygen 
required to consume the food taken, and the amount of energy 
generated by the food elements, — that energy being estimated 
in calories. 

The fifth and sixth principles before mentioned as funda- 
mental, require close attention to these new tests of the adapt- 
ability of infant's foods. 

The Various Foods Compared. — It seems scarcely 
necessary to say that the following exhibit is made in the light 
of all the facts obtainable and with no prejudice against any, 
and with no interests to serve except those which are com- 
mon to every lover of humanity for humanity's sake. In a 
very few instances manufacturers have refused analyses or 
any specific information concerning the constituents of their 
products, and, in all cases, as far as practicable, the analyses 
of interested parties have been carefully compared with 
others, and corrections made if deemed necessary. 



238 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



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V240 . , i THE r SECRET OF IJ^ALT II; ; 

The New York Infant Asylum is stated to have used nearly 1,000 
pounds of one of these foods in 1889 in its undiluted form. Showing 
both their appreciation of the importance of good food, and their con- 
fidence that the particular kind used by them is the best that the mar- 
ket affords, yet that food shows only about one-half of one per cent, of 
fats when it should have four per cent., a little over one-half : the nec- 
essary calories and oxygen requirement, yet its full proportion of 
fiber element goes far toward making it superior to most other foods 
upon the market. 

Concl visions from the Table.— Omitting No. 11, which 
is designed only for special uses, and recalling the six princi- 
ples named on Pages 233-5, particular attention is called to the 
following conclusions established by the foregoing tabulation. 

1. Of the whole thirty- two, seven are deficient in fiber 
elements, while five have an excess, and twenty have a suffi- 
ciency. The deficiency runs as low as 38-100 of one per cent. , 
which, expressed in plain words, means a lack of two-thirds 
of the most important constituent of human food, of which 
more is needed during the period of growth than in adult life. 

2. Of the whole thirty-two. twenty-one have less than 
the normal amount of fats, while eleven have an excess (in two 
the excess is very slight), and none have this constituent in 
precisely the right proportion. The deficiency falls to 35-100 
of one per cent, (excluding No. 11, also No. 21 as possibly a spe- 
cial food only), which is but about one-twelfth of the necessary 
amount. Babies fed on such foods may be fat, yet as Christo- 
pher has shown may be suffering from fat-starvation ; that is, 
the fat is unphysiological. The growth of bone requires in the 
child a relatively much larger supply of fat than the adult 
needs. A child a year and a half old requires about three- 
fourths as much fat in twenty-four hours as an adult. This 
necessity arises also in part from the fact that the force foods 
contain hydrogen and oxygen in the proper portions to form 
water, leaving the carbon, alone, available to produce heat, but 
the fats have an excess of hydrogen, which excess, during its 
combustion, produces two and a half times as much heat, or 
heat and force, as the force foods. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 241 

3. Of the thirty-two, five have an excess of force ele- 
ments and twenty-four are deficient. Nine of them have less 
than half the needed amounts, thus entailing lack of energy 
and power to resist chilis and depressions, unless the deficiency 
is supplied by an excess of fat element. Three are right. 

4. The lack of due proportion is most obvious. That of 
human milk, taking the mean of l.G for the fiber and 6.9 for 
the force element, is as fiber 1 to fat 2.5, and force 4.3. Not 
one of the whole thirty-two foods here tabulated exhibits this 
proportion, and most of them are glaringly wide of the mark. 

5. Applying the fifth principle named (on Page 235), we 
find that 19i to 21} calories of energies, per ounce, should be 
produced by the food when worked up in the body of the child. 
Twenty-three of the 30 are deficient, six are excessive and 
three only are right. This may seem a small matter, but a 
deficiency of only five calories from the mean of 19.9 means 
one-fourth less than normal energy, — no insignificant thing 
with which to run the fearful gauntlet of the 20 to 100 
chances at the best, against infant life. On the other hand, 
the more than five calories of No. 7 and No. 32 in excess, 
increase the heat generated almost one-half beyond the nor- 
mal, thus predisposing to conditions of inflammation and 
fever perhaps equally perilous to the health of childhood. 

6. The sixth principle laid down by which to test the 
value of infant foods is the oxygen requirement of 7| to 8 pints 
for each ounce of food. Twenty-two of the thirty-two are 
deficient, ten of them more than fifty per cent., six are in 
excess, four only are right. 

Number 20 stands really as representative of the whole 
class of sweetened condensed milk ; so that if all the brands 
were separately added, our list would run up to forty-five or 
fifty instead of thirty-two, thus making the foregoing con- 
clusions still more striking. 

These Foods Often Satisfactory.— Notwithstanding 
all the deficiencies enumerated, the fact remains that nearly, 
if not quite, all of these foods have given satisfaction to some 

16 



242 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

mothers, and had the endorsement of some honest and skilled 
physicians. ^ 

Another fact equally apparent is that, in many instances, 
an inferior food has been successfully substituted for a disa- 
greeing superior food. 

These facts would seem to indicate upon the surface, that 
the quality of the food is really of but little moment. Not at 
all. Many healthy children grow up in the slums of cities, 
but that fact does not prove that such places are good for the 
rearing of healthy children. If it does, then all reasoning 
upon hygienic matters is mere folly. The second fact named, 
simply shows that personal idiosyncrasies in the matter of 
diet begin very early in life, and that when present, that 
which is insufficient for the average may be sufficient for the 
individual. 

Which Foods to Employ.— The great necessity 
remains for a substitute for human milk that will correspond 
with it both in chemical constituents and in physiological 
effects. Until that necessity is met, the best that we can do is 
to select from the foregoing table several manufactured foods 
that most nearly approximate mother's milk in their elements, 
and rely upon them until something better appears. 

The following table reproduces several of the foods named 
on Pages 238-239, concerning every one of which the manufac- 
turers affirm in substance, with great positiveness, that " It is 
the nearest approximation to human milk ever made." 







Protein. 


Fats. 


Force 
Foods. 


Calories 
per oz. 


Oxygen 
pints. 


an Milk, 


1 to 2.30 


4.00 


6.5 to 7.40 


19| to 21| 


7J to 8 


No. 2, 


.55 


.69 


.72 


3 


1 




' 13, 


2.20 


.70 


6.40 


12 


41 




1 15, 


2.10 


.55 


7.50 


m 


^ 




1 16, 


1.50 


4.10 


4.30 


1T| 


^ 




' 17, 


.38 


.35 


.57 


2 


1 




1 20, 


1.60 


".10 


3.40 


16£ 


6i 




' 24, 


1.08 


1.30 


6.04 


12 


4 




' 26, 


2.80 


2.30 


6.80 


17 


<% 




' 29, 


.97 


.58 


3.40 


H 


2 




' 32,* 


2.00 


4.50 


7.00 


26 


10 



*Of this the peptogenic powder only is "manufactured." 
With these figures it is apparent that only one of the man- 
ufacturers of these articles speaks the truth, which one we 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 243 

leave to our readers to decide ; but of this list of ten, Nos. 16, 
20, 26 and 32 are chemically to be preferred. 

Errors in Choice of Foods. — As an illustration of the 
facility of error, the author may state just here, that not one 
of the three foods which, prior to this investigation, he has 
approved and publicly commended, appears among the four. 

Physiology vs. the Chemistry of Foods.— While this 
presents the purely chemical aspects of the question, it should 
be borne in mind that food may possess physiologial qualities 
of which chemical analysis can take no note. Such is the anti- 
scorbutic (anti-scurvy) property of human milk, and such is 
the same property of cow's milk which disappears, no chemist 
can tell how or why, upon its sterilization. Hence, beneficial 
as that process may be in some respects, the effects of the con- 
tinued administration of sterilized milk needs always to be 
closely watched, and the first appearance of rachitic (rickety) 
symptoms such as sweating (particularly about the head), rest- 
lessness at night, convulsive indications, delayed teething and 
bony deformities, should be regarded as a warning that must 
be heeded to restore the anti-scorbutic element by the use of 
unsterilized milk. True, scurvy and rickets are different dis- 
eases, but as both are diseases of innutrition, proper nutrition 
is the cure for both. 

Number 20 of the table, chemically one of the best of the 
foods tabulated, is open to this serious objection, and we have 
seen very grave, almost fatal results, follow from its continued 
use. 

The objection that is sometimes made that the malt-foods 
are peculiarly liable to fermentation is probably incorrect in 
those cases where maltose is the form employed, as that is a* 
saccharose, not a glucose, which, according to Bruce, is a form 
of sugar that does not ferment. 

The Question Properly Arises just here, how far we may accept 
the physiological tests of experience as against chemical errors in the 
constituents of an infant's food. The answer must be, if chemical 
analysis is of any worth, only to the extent that exceptions are con- 
ceded to all general laws, as for example those of personal idiosyn- 



244 THE SECBET OF HEALTH. 

crasy in diet, after allowing for the known transformation of fats ancf 
force foods, and of the fiber foods into fat and force effects. But as 
there is no reverse transformation of either the fat or force elements 
into fiber element, it is clear that whatever modification of chemical 
formulae may be allowed, it must not materially change the normal 
proportion of the fiber. 

The experiments of A. Bechamp, confirmed by Leeds, prove that 
both human and cow's raw milk have a starch-digesting ferment (gal- 
actozymase) which goes far toward explaining the apparent anomaly 
of young infants' thriving on starch foods, when they have no starch- 
digesting saliva; the milk taken with the food acts in that capacity. 
But that does not remove the objection that starch is unphysiological 
for the infant. 

A Marketable Ideal Infant's Food should contain 
all the elements of nutrition in proper proportions, be suited to 
the infant's digestive capacity, be in a convenient form for use 
at home or abroad, not readily liable to deterioration or decom- 
position, and be inexpensive. Tested by these conditions, the 
candidates for the honor of being such can come from neither 
the farinaceous nor milk-foods in ordinary use, because the 
first contain from sixty -five to seventy-eight per cent, of starch, 
and the other from thirty to forty per cent, of starch and about 
as much cane sugar, both utterly unsuited to the digestive func- 
tions of the babe under six or eight months, yet they are freely 
recommended and prescribed by the profession. With such a 
showing what can the poor mothers do ? 

If they turn to the prepared infant's foods on the market • 
and take their directions as guide, they are only substituting a 
commercial ignorance in place of professional. Certainly, 
when God created the infant to draw from its mother's breast 
its own sustenance, He knew all the adaptations necessary, 
and His work must be the ideal standard for our imitation. 

Yet the attempts of honest and skillful men have gener- 
ally failed to even closely approximate it, which emphasizes 
the tremendous necessity of having healthy mothers who can 
nurse their children, and the terrible iniquity of the bottle- 
raising of infants whose mothers might, if they would, feed 
them in Nature's way. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 



245> 



And it still further emphasizes the remark of Dr. F. T. 
Knight before the Climatological Association in 1890. " At 
present the usual preparation of food is so bad that after one 
has found out the class of nutriment a patient requires, it is 
well-nigh impossible to secure it to him," — as especially perti- 
nent to children. 

The Indices tibility of Cow's Milk can be overcome 
by peptonizing it, but Prof. Vaughan is authority for the 
statement that " milk digested with the pancreatic extracts of 
the markets swarm with bacteria." The following table, given 
in Konig's " Chemie der Mensch, Nahrungs-iind Genussmittel,' 
shows the variations between the component parts of woman's 
milk and cow's milk : — 



Components. 



Water — 

Sugar 

Casein, 
Albumen, 

Fat 

Ash 



Albuminoids 



Reaction.. 



Woman's 


Cow's 


Milk. 


Milk. 


87.09 


87.41 


6.04 


4.92 


0.63 


3.01 


1.31 


0.75 


3.90 


3.66 


0.59 


• 0.70 


Alkaline. 


Acid. 



This table shows that condensing the cow's milk will only 
increase the disproportion, therefore, condensed milk must be 
discarded. The disparity will be only slightly modified by any 
food that requires the admixture with it of cow's milk to any 
considerable extent, unless the analysis shows that it is pre- 
pared expressly to make the compound like breast milk. 

Six cows in every hundred kept in the neighborhood of our 
large cities for milk have tuberculosis, and are capable of com- 
municating consumption by their milk. They only live from 
twelve to eighteen months, and the post-mortems of children 
who have died of marasmas show the bacilli in the absorbents 
and lymphatic glands of the intestines and nowhere else, thus 
proving that their food was the cause of their death. Hence, 
the importance of reducing the milk-product to a minimum, 
and also sterilizing it by heating. As milk so readily absorbs 
deleterious matters and even generates poisons under some 



24:6 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

circumstances, the heating is also essential whether in the city 
or country. 

Substitutes for Cows' Milk.— Some other article not 
liable to these mishaps is certainly very desirable, provided its 
composition be such as is required by the conditions of the 
case. 

The claim is made that the malt in some prepared foods 
aids infant digestion of the casein in cow's milk, but we know 
of no fact in the chemistry of digestion that substantiates the 
theory, yet it is constantly put forward by the makers of 
foods that require the addition of cow's milk. 

Dr. H. C. Eouth says that sugar of milk "allays morbid 
irritation and will often check diarrhoea." Dr. T. C. Duncan 
says " sugar of milk is to be preferred to cane sugar because 
it is an animal product, undergoes no change in its assimila- 
tion, and contains phosphates and other salts." Prof. Kuss 
says that sugar of milk " is the principal element in woman's 
milk," and Dr. Euschenberger declares that "it allays even 
extreme irritability of the stomach. " 

Dr. F. Krauss of Vienna has used Mosquera's Beef Meal 
and Beef -Cacao successfully in many cases of disease, and many 
physicians have employed the whites of eggs as a substitute 
for human milk, while Bunge and others recommend the yolks 
as desirable in certain conditions. 

Our Own Formulae. — Profiting by all these hints, 
in the interests of the suffering innocents, and with no finan- 
cial interests to serve, we shall propose some formulas for 
trial as emergency foods. It should be understood in advance 
that these formulses are purely theoretical, having had no 
opportunity to observe their practical operation. But should 
their physiological effects harmonize with their chemical ele- 
ments, proportions, capacity of heat production and oxygen 
demand, we can see no reason why they should not meet a 
long-felt want. Yet it is very probable that they will need 
some modification to suit individual cases. Should they be 
too rich for certain conditions they may be diluted with soft 
boiled water. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 247 

Palatability. — If means could be devised to improve their 
palatability without detriment to their constituents it would 
be very desirable. Yet the question of palatability is of only 
secondary consideration. Certainly the most unpalatable food 
that we ever tasted was Murdock's Liquid Food ; yet that at 
the time of its greatest use probably saved the lives of more 
children than any other food ever made within an equal 
period. We have seen it lift the wretched, diseased, syphilitic 
waifs of the poorhouse into stalwart health to a far greater 
extent than the better-born children of city hospitals have 
reached under their best dietaries. Another product far more 
palatable and quite similar Li chemical constituents is now 
known under the name of Bovinine. 

Yet the children who were fed on the Liquid Food seemed 
to relish it as well as nurselings do their mother's breast milk. 
Few adults, we fancy, would greatly relish that. The facility 
with which a taste is acquired for the nauseous tobacco proves 
but too well that relish is a thing of habit very largely. 

The Variety in the elements of the proposed foods ena- 
bles the parent to select from the number that one which 
j3romises best, aud to change from one to another as the exi- 
gencies of taste, disease, or circumstances may require, with 
the assurance that whichever one is adopted it approximates 
closely the chemical and, probably also, the physiological 
characteristics of breast milk, and is in strict harmony with 
all of the six principles named as fundamental in the construc- 
tion of a substitute for human milk. 

In all cases these foods should be strained before use for 
small infants. Uffelmann, the well-known authority on die- 
tetics, says: " There is no general diet for the sick,"' and Dr. 
Carl Rothe recommends the Mosquera preparations in alterna- 
tion and combination with other things for older children. 
The food captions are merely suggestive, and not to be rigidly 
adhered to. 

1. When a Strong: Food Is Needed,— Whites of eggs 3 oz., yolks 2 
oz., cream 7 oz., sugar of milk 4 oz., water 43 oz. This yields of fiber 1.5 
per cent., fat 4.2, force 0.8, calories per oz. 2(H, oxygen per oz. 7k. 



248 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Boil and cool the water to such a temperature as will equal blood- 
heat after the other constituents are stirred in. Make only such a pro- 
portion of the whole as may be needed for the time. 

Add soda bicarbonate as in No. 2 when it seems desirable. This 
food costs in the country about three mills per ounce. 

2. When a Strong, Partly Predigested Food is Required. — Rose's 
Beef Peptones 1 oz., cream 51 oz., whey 32 oz., sugar of milk | oz. This. 
furnishes fiber 1.8 per cent., fat 3.9, force 6.6, calories per oz. 20£, oxygen 
per oz. 7£. It costs about two mills per ounce in the country. 

To a pint of fresh milk add two teaspoon fuls of liquid pancreatin 
or liquid rennet; heat gently until it begins to curdle, then stir until 
complete separation of the curd is seen, then strain off the whey. Dis- 
solve the peptones and sugar in a portion of the whey, add the cream 
and the remainder of the whey. If desirable to keep a portion until 
the next feeding, do not mix in the peptones until the time arrives. 
Make as needed. 

Ten grams of soda bicarbonate to the pint is a desirable addition if 
any tendency to acid fermentation is seen in the child. 

For an Inexpensive Rennet Preparation get a stomach of your 
butcher, turn inside out, rinse two or three times only, in soft water, 
sprinkle it freely with lable salt, draw over a forked stick, rub the 
outside well with salt, put a handful inside and hang in a cool place. 
When well dried, take from the stick, roll, and put in a tight box in a 
cool, dry place. For use. the night before it is wanted, cut off a piece 
about one-half inch square and soak in a teacup with just tepid water 
enough to cover it. In the morning, after wanning the milk to blood- 
heat, stir into every pint about a teaspoonful of the rennet-water and 
keep warm. If it does not begin to curdle in twenty minutes. add 
another teaspoonful, and so on. When the strength of the rennet is 
learned use just enough to cause the milk to begin to curdle in twenty 
minutes. The solution will keep through the day in any cool place. 
Prepare a fresh piece every night. 

3. A Convalescent Food.— Mosquera's beef meal \ oz., cream G oz.,. 
sugar of milk 2| oz., water 32 oz. This contains of fiber 1.7 per cent., 
fats 4.2, force 6.2, calories per oz. 20^, oxygen per oz. 7=j, and costs about 
2\ mills per oz. 

Boil the water and pour f into a separate dish, in which dissolve 
the sugar, and when cooled somewhat, the cream also. To the remain- 
ing \ add the meal and boil 23 minutes. Mix. If any is kept until the 
next meal, keep the meal broth separate until the time. 

4. For Anaemic Conditions.— Bovinine £ oz., yolk of egg 1 oz., 
sugar of milk \ oz., water Coz. It yields of fiber 2.8 per cent., fats 4. 
force 6, calories per oz. 21, oxygen per oz. 8, and costs about 1% mills per 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 240 

oz. in the country. Boil the water, dissolve in it the sugar, and cool 
until the addition of the bovinine and egg will make it about blood 
warm . 

5. In Acute Diseases.— Bovinine 1 oz., cream 1£ oz., sugar of milk 
| oz., water G^ oz. It analyzes of fiber 1.8 per cent., fat 4.3, force 7.5, 
calories per oz. 22, oxygen per oz. 8; costs in the country nearly 9 mills 
per oz. Make in the same manner as No. G. 

6. Chronic Affections With Amemia.— Beef cacao | oz., cream 1^ 
oz., milk 4 oz., sugar of milk § oz., water 7 oz. This gives of fiber 1.7 per 
cent., fat 3.7, force G.O, calories per oz. 20, oxygen per oz. 1\, and costs- 
about 2 to 2^ mills per oz. 

Boil the water, milk and sugar together, add the cream and cacao, 
and boil one to four minutes if preferred. A delicious food in conval- 
escence. 

7. Anti-Scorbutic Food for young infants. — Milk 2 oz., cream ^ oz. 
sugar of milk \ oz., lime water 2j oz. Yields of fiber 1.7 per cent., fat 4„ 
force 7, calories per oz. 20}-, oxygen per oz. 7£. 

Notes on the Above.— Mosquera's Beef Meal and Beef Cacao and 
Bovinine may be obtained of any druggist. 

In cases of specially weak digestion, the peptonization of Nos. 1, 4 r 
5 and 7 may be an advantage, in the same proportion as for milk; see 
Page 251. 

Two processes are nmch talked of in respect to cow's milk^ 
each of which is strongly advocated by high authority as 
sufficient to fit it for the sustenance of infants — sterilization, 
and peptonization. 

Sterilization. — A substance is deemed naturally sterile 
when the transplanting of bacteria into it will not form colo- 
nies of freshly-generated germs. It is difficult to say what 
fluid is absolutely sterile to all germs, but, practically a fluid 
is sterilized when the micro-organisms within it are destroyed', 
and it continues sterile so long as none are formed. 

Sterilization is ordinarily effected in milk by heating it 
one hour at a temperature of 190° F. in vessels with narrow 
mouths that are stoppered with long cotton wads. Repeat on 
the second and third days if the milk is to be kept ; but if for 
immediate use, it is sufficient to pour into a pitcher that has 
been thoroughly cleansed and then boiled, and cool quickly by 
setting in a pan of cold water. The latter purifies but does not 



250 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

fully sterilize the milk. Indeed we question whether complete 
sterilization is desirable, for the following reasons : 

1. Many instances are known where children have not 
thrived upon the best of foods ' 4 closely resembling human 
milk " (Christopher), but when put upon sterilized milk have 
improved, which would seem to favor the sterilized milk ; 
l>ut there are perhaps as many instances in which unsterilized 
milk has done as well for those who were "wasting away 
upon sterilized milk." (Dr. E. P. Davis.) 

2. The experiments of E. Duclaux,W. D. Halliburton and 
A. Bechamp, as repeated and conclusions corrected by A. R. 
X<eeds, prove that the effects of sterilization are : — 

a. The starcli-liquifying ferment — " galactozymase" is destroyed. 

b. A portion of the lactalbumin (a nitrogenous substance not coag- 
nlable by acids), is partly coagulated, giving to the milk a ropy or 
mucilaginous character. 

c The casein is less coagulable and yields more slowly and imper- 
fectly to the action of pepsin and pancreatin. 

d. The fat globules become less assimilable. 

e. The milk sugar is completely destroyed. From all this it results 
that "sterilized milk is less readily and less perfectly digestible than 
raw milk." 

/. To the foregoing should be added the damaging fact that steril- 
ization destroys the anti-scorbutic property of raw milk. 

After many tests at the Philadelphia Hospital and elsewhere, Dr. 
Davis concludes that infants fed on sterilized milk recovered from 
^acute diseases " only to succumb after two or three weeks from gradual 
starvation." He continues, " It was the invariable experience, that 
sterilized milk, whether peptonized or not, resulted in but a tempo- 
rary improvement and, as a food, the ordinary process of 

sterilization renders milk unfit for nourishment." 

Prof. Leeds recommends heating the milk to 155° F. for six minutes 
which makes it practically, though not completely sterile and says, 
■ 4i The appearance and properties of the milk heated to this tempera- 
ture are in no wise noticeably different from raw milk." He adds, " A 
still more advantageous method consists in sterilization and pepton- 
ization at the same time, the proteid matter of which the micro-organ- 
isms are composed being digested away and their vitality destroyed." 

Peptonization originated with Prof. Pfeiffer of Weis- 
baden, and consists in more or less perfectly digesting the 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 251 

albumen of the milk into peptones by the agency of the trypsin 
of the pancreatic ferment. 

It is done by adding to a pint of the milk warmed to about 
100 to 110° F. (/. e. as hot as the hand can be held in one min- 
ute) a dessert spoonful of liquid pancreatin, or five grains of 
pure pancreatin with twenty grains of sodium bicarbonate 
previously dissolved in a gill of water, then kept in a warm 
place until the milk assumes a grayish color and a slight bit- 
terness to the taste, when it should be cooled rapidly or fur- 
ther digestion will render it unpalatable. Should not be kept 
many hours. If the pure pancreatin be used it should macer- 
ate in the water fifteen minutes before adding to the milk. 

The Cost of a Prepared Infant 's Food should not 
greatly exceed that of cow's milk, or about two mills per 
ounce. No. 16 is a cheap food. Poor people who cannot afford 
to use the best prepared foods, on account of their expense. 
would do well to make a little of one of them into a thin gruel 
with which to dilute their cow's milk. If this be done the 
tables should be consulted and that one selected, by the addi- 
tion of which, the product will be more, instead of less, like 
human milk. 

Conclusion. — In view of this examination of infant's 
foods, the conviction forces itself upon us more and more of 
the profound significance of the words of Dr. Porter. "With 
a complete knowledge of the chemical composition of the 
food-stuffs, and a careful study of the digestive possiblities and 
the oxygenating capacity of each individual treated, the thor- 
oughly scientific physician is in possession of a solid basis 
upon which he can select at once the most available diet." 

PREPARED FOODS. 

In this section the attempt is made to describe most of the 
prepared foods in the market, in alphabetical order, in the 
light of such analyses as were procurable and such other 
information as could be found. 

As a General Caution the statement should be made 
that the proportions of ''nitrogenous," "albuminous" and 



252 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

"nutritious" elements affirmed to be contained in any food is 
no criterion of its value, because much of it may be indigesti- 
ble or unassimilable, and, in fact, most of the combinations of 
nitrogen are utterly valueless as food, only a small part being 
utilized in the animal body ; thus, a food may be full of the 
nitrogenous extractives of the muscle serum yet be incapable 
of sustaining life. The importance of nitrogen has been welt 
stated by Dr. E. A. Parkes, — "Every structure in the body 
in which any form of energy is manifested ... is nitroge- 
nous, . . . and even the digestive liquids are not only all 
nitrogenous, but the constancy of this implies the necessity of 
the nitrogen to perform their functions." 

The Beef Preparations may be divided into five 
classes : 

1. Beef extracts (Liebig's), already sufficiently character- 
ized. See Pages 163-4. 

2. Blood-preparations and egg, or blood albumen. Too- 
nauseous to be generally acceptable, whatever may be their 
nutritive value. 

3. Beef extracts containing beef dried and ground to a 
fine powder. The main objection is the excess of the salts of 
beef, and the fact that when beef is thus administered, mucli 
of it is lost because of feeble digestive power. 

4. Mechanical mixtures of beef -powders, milk, gluten, 
etc. The same objection as to loss as stated under class 3, but 
to a more limited extent. 

5. Preparations in which the albuminoids of the beef 
are predigested into peptones. These are to a great extent 
prepared for immediate absorption without the labor and. 
delay of peptic digestion, hence are peculiarly appro- 
priate in cases of very weak digestion, great prostration, etc.. 
The use of predigested foods, while it saves the digestive 
organs some labor, is not always to be commended. Brunton 
has suggested that even beef tea may, occasionally, form pep- 
tones which, absorbed at once into the circulation, may act as 
poisons. Hofmeister proved that they undergo a change in 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 



253 



the niucus raembrane, and Von Ott demonstrated that the 
change was from peptones to serum albumen. Hence these 
foods should be employed only as directed by a physician. 

TABLE OF PREPARED FOODS 

Compiled from Stutzer, Chittenden, Fresenius, Hassall, Rach, Lee, 
Atfield. Macadam, Tichborne, Soxhlet, Endemann, Tscheppe, Chand- 
ler, Henry & Chevallier, Wyatt, Mott. 



Food Materials 



Porters Beef Tea* 

Kumysgen* 

■ Johnston's Fluid Beef 

Kefir* 

Matzoon* 

Dr. Rochester's Infant Diet. . 

Nestle's Food 

•Carn rick's Sol. Food 

Mellins' Food 

"Wells. Richardson & Co's La( 

tated Food 

Horlick's Food 

Dr. Ridge's Patent Food. 

Anglo-Swiss Milk Food 

Imperial Grannm 

Liebig's Ext. of Beef 

Armour's Ext. of Beef 

Valentine's Meat Juice 

Wyetli's Beef Juice 

Bo\inine 

Mosquera's Beef Cacao 

Arlington Chem. Co's Beef 

Peptonoids 

Mosquera's Beef Meal 

Rose's Peptonized Beef 

AYagner's infant Food 

Lneflund's Kinder-milk, Av. 

Liquid Pep.. Av 

Laeto-preparata 

Condensed Milk sweetened. 
Beef Peptones, Rudisches'.. 

Poluboskos 

Swift's Extract of Beef 

Ear-to Cereal Food 



95.70 
86.81 



00.73 
87.GJ 



5.44 
6.14 
8.34 

8.06 
6.30 
9.04 
7.27 
9.22 
20.06 
14.03 
60.31 
57.88 
81.0 J 



6.80 
6.68 



30.34 



7.50 
18.66 
1.64 



3.20 
4.10 
9.12 
3.8 > 
3.90 
3.70 
11.09 
16.40 
7.30 

8.30 

10.80 

7.90 

11.20 

9.50 

•06 

.68 

.55 

.47 

13.90 

13.90 

27.60 
77.20 
34 25 
2.50 
8.60 
70. on 
14.50 
16.07 
35.70 
91.00 
50.75 
22.99 



.25 
1.02 
1.20 
2.00 
4.90 
6.60 
4.60 
5.00 

.05 

2.10 

.60 

1.20 

2.57 

.80 

.91 

1.20 

.78 

.85 

1.40 

5.70 

2.90 

13.60 

3.00 

1.50 

9.30 

9.40 

12.30 

12.10 



0.50 
4.18 






3.00 



2.40 

.50 

10.30 

76.60 
67.70 
79.20 

78.40 

.79 

84.03 

76.03 

78.80 



27.00 



8.80 
44.50 
10.30 
63.60 
38.80 



.40 
67.39 



.27 

.78 



1.70 
2.90 
3.50 

2.20 

2.70 

0.48 

1.95 

0.37 

24.00 

28.20 

11.30 

17.50 

1.00 



5.00 
4.20 



2.11 
41.50 

0.60 
30.47 

3.80 



71 

280 

224 

200 

292 

539 

1,825 

1,778 

1,611 

1,701 
1,707 
1.708 



732 



39 

66 
43 
44 
279 
1,001 

642 
2,022 

766 

275 
1 .380 
1,890 
1,972 
1,532 

604 
1,721 

944 
1,857 



- V 2 

■3 <u 5 

7 
23 
22 
17 
26 
44 
138 
138 
120 

127 
127 
126 
130 

125 
3 
6 
4 
4 
32 
82 

62 
94 
75 
21 

108 
167 

155 
123 

67 
173^- 

147" 



The * indicates prepared for use. 

Av. signifies averages of different analyses. 



Ale and Beef Peptonized. — Made of Rose's Beef peptones, and a 
superior quality of ale specially brewad for this purpose. Contains 
all the nutritious properties of beef predigested together with the 
stimulating properties of the ale. An excellent combination of food 
and stimulant. 3.6 per cent, of alcohol. One to two wineglassfuls three 
or four times a day. Belongs to class 5 of beef preparations. 



254 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Alpine Milk Biscuit.— About one-fourth of this dry product is the 
substance of milk combined with wheat and maltose, and rich in phos- 
phates. Designed for children between six and twenty-four months. 

Anglo -Swiss Milk Food.— A condensed milk. For constituents 
see Table on Page 253. 

Avenola — Wheat and oats thoroughly cooked, and partly digested; 
with milk and fruit, an entire dietary for the feeble in certain condi- 
tions. 

Beef Extract,— There are several brands of this preparation, in 
nature similar to Liebig's extract of beef. This contains only seven- 
tenths of one per cent, of available protein, and its nutritive value i > 
only one-third of one per cent, comx^ared with lean beef as 100. Useful 
to quicken appetite by the temporary stimulation of the vital functions* 
and possibly also to promote absorption, but must not be depended 
upon for nutrition. Dose, one teaspoonfnl or more in a little warm or 
hot water. It is composed mainly of the soluble extractives and inor- 
ganic salts of muscle tissue. The extractives are the waste products, 
of muscle transformation, utterly useless for nutrition although 
largely nitrogenous. According to Kemmerick, an animal fed on such 
beef extracts alone, will die of starvation sooner than if absolutely 
without food; yet they have some value as stimulants. Dr. Stutzer of 
Bonn has shown that a patient must drink two quarts of beef tea to 
get as much nourishment as is in one-fourth of a pound of steak. He 
also declares that Liebig "never intended his beef extract as a food 
but only as a relish." Liebig himself said " I have declared repeatedly 
that in the preparation of the extract the albuminoids remain in, th& 
residue, and that this certainty is a defect of the extract." Prof. Aus- 
tin Flint says, "Not very inaptly, beef tea has been compared to urine* 
and a few years ago a German experimenter, whose name I cannot 
recall, declared that he produced fatal toxaemia (poisoning) in dogs 
by feeding them with this popular article of diet." 

Beef Peptonoids (Budisches').— The albumen of fresh lean beef 
artificially digested. Nutritious value as compared with fresh lean 
beef at 100, is 14.3. Belongs to class 5 of beef preparations. 

Beef Peptone (Sarco Peptones).— A pure, soluble beef jelly contain- 
ing the nourishing elements of beefsteak predigested into peptones* 
one pound equal to eight pounds of beef . Palatable. Maybe sweet- 
ened for children. One-half to one teaspoonfnl every half hour, hour 
or two hours; rectal use, one tablespoonful in four oz. milk for an 
adult. Belongs to class 5 of beef preparations. 

Beef Peptonoids (Powder).— Lean beef separated from the larger 
muscular tissue, and an equal quantity of milk having seventy-five 
per cent, of its water removed, and gluten from wheat. About one- 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION. 255 

fourth of the albumen is digested, and all the water except about four 
per cent, is expelled. Contains all the nutritive and stimulating prop- 
erties of beef and milk with the addition of the gluten. Contains nine- 
ty-five per cent, of nutritious matter, of which about twenty-seven per 
cent, is protein and the rest mostly starch and sugar; about 1.4 time> 
as nutritious as lean beef. Thoroughly sterilized. May be adde-l 
to broths, soup, punch, oatmeal, rice, etc. Belongs to class 4 of beef 
preparations. From one-half to one tablesrjoonful three to six times a 
day. 

Bovinine, — The juices of lean, raw beef expressed by a mechanical 
process yielding both the albuminous and extractive properties of the 
meat, to which is added the albumen of the eg*?, enough glycerine to 
make the compound bland and agreeable, and sufficient old whisky to 
aid in its preservation. It is a raw food giving in a twelve-ounce bot- 
tle the nutriment from ten pounds of steak. The blood corpuscles of 
the meat are preserved intact and ready for immediate absorption. 
Compared with ordinary beef tea, one bottle is equal to eighty pints 
prepared from eighty pounds of lean beef. As a local nutrient by sub- 
cutaneous injection around old ulcers, but five per cent, of failures are 
reported from 303 cases. Belongs to class 2 of beef preparations. Dose 
for babes from five drops every hour or two up. For adults, maximum, 
four tablespoon fills daily. 

Biardot's Concentrated Preparations for Invalids. — Beef tea, 
chicken broth, mutton broth, beef. To be reduced for use with seven 
times their quantity of water to retain their delicate flavor, and avoid 
the burnt taste of meat extracts. Class 1 of beef extracts. 

Bullock's Blood,— Defibrinated and dessicated. Used for wasting 
diseases. The removal of the fibrin prevents the clotting, but leaves 
the albumen and salts as a liquid beef, which is carefully dried, dessi- 
cated and packed in tin. Dose one-half teaspoonful prepared as 
directed on label. For rectal feeding, six teaspoonfuls as directed. 
Belongs to class 3 of beef preparations, practically. 

Carbon Wafers.— A food for acid states of the digestive organs, 
made with wheat charcoal and deemed almost a specific if the patient 
will avoid sweets, cakes, pastry, raw fruits, desserts, rich gravies, 
coarse vegetables, fried foods and fats. The charcoal prevents fer- 
mentation, and absorbs irritating acids. 

Carnrick's Soluble Food. — Solid constituents of cow's milk 37£ per 
cent. ; 37£ per cent, of wheat; 25 per cent, of milk sugar; cocoa butter in 
place of milk fat, partly digested; only three per cent, of moisture. 
Made of 50 per cent, of lacto-preparata and 50 per cent, wheat in which 
the starch is converted into soluble starch and dextrine, easily diges- 
tible ; the fat is nearly all removed. In hermetically sealed cans 



256 THE SECRET-OF HEALTH. 

Designed to follow lacto-preparata as the exclusive food of infants (if 
healthy mother's milk is not available) from the first six or seven 
months to the end of the nursing period. Dextrine is a non-fermenta- 
ble form of carbohydrate, not irritating to the stomach and easily 
assimilated. In diluting children's foods only water that has been 
boiled should be used, and not cooled by putting ice into it. 

Claixi Bouillon.— A nourishing and appetizing canned clam broth 
or juice. One tablespoonful, more or less, in a glass of hot or cold 
water, and seasoned with salt, pepper or celery salt. 

Cod Liver Oil.— See Cod Liver Oil, also Hydrolcine in index. 

Condensed Milk.— Made by evaporating a large part of the water 
from milk and adding about 40 per cent, of cane sugar. Useful for cook- 
ing and on the table, but should not be used as an infant's food 
because its excess of saccharine material forms an unnatural appetite 
for sweets, and produces stomach and bowel troubles, while, as a 
whole, it is defective in some essentials of a complete diet. Open to all 
the objections to completely sterilized milk. See Page 250. 

Cream Milk. — A condensed milk from the Alps in Switzerland, of 
great richness and purity. Same uses as other condensed milks. 
Preferable to many others for many purposes because it is preserved 
without sugar. 

Cream, Highland Brand Evaporated.— This is really an unsug- 
ared condensed milk, with its casein mechanically broken up so that 
it is said to curd llocculently like human milk. If this be so it is far 
preferable to cow's milk and other kinds of condensed milk as a 
standard food for invalids and infants; but for the latter the effect of 
its sterilization should be watched, an 1 its defective elements should 
be supplied by the addition of cream and milk sugar. 

Diabetic Food.— This consists mainly of gluten and is designed as 
a perfect substitute tor lean meat and bread, 

Dukehart's Fluid Extract of Malt and Hops. — Claims the highest 
per cent, of diastase to be obtained from Canada barley, free from 
alcohol; very paiaiabie : not subject to fermentation One tablespoon- 
ful three or more rimes a day 

Fruit Crackers.— Made cf dried and preserved fruits, without 
lard, and of unadulterated sugar and flour While not good for dys- 
peptics, as a luxury tor those who can digest them ihey are unmatched 

Gluten Wafers.— A crisp, palatable cracker chiefly gluten, without 
lard, and very suitable for dyspepsia and nervous exhaustion accom- 
panied by inability to digest vegetable food, and as a substitute for a 
meat diet. 

Gofio.— The whole grain of wheat, rye, barley or corn parched, 
browned, then ground in a mortar. ' Contains a large amount of nutri- 



FOODS, AND THEIK PREPARATION. 25? 

merit in a given weight, partly digested, and in a very palatable form. 
We suggest its use in the place of coffee in cases where coffee does not 
agree. Ten cents per pound, 

Graham Crackers No. i.— Made of best Graham flour, granulated 
sugar and butter. For persons with fair digestive power, but inactive 
bowels, they are far superior to cakes and puddings. 

No. 2.— The same without the sugar. Very crisp and nice. 

Graham Grits.— Made of the germs of wheat, the most nutritious 
portion of the grain. A concentrated vegetable nutrient of the highest, 
value. 

Granula.— Prepared from the choicest portions of wheat, oats and 
■corn, containing all the elements of adult nutrition in perfect propor- 
tion. Valuable for invalids, children (not infants), travelers, and all 
who are exposed to special exhaustion. 

Gelatine (All Makes).— " Another worthless product, though not 
pernicious, is the refined glue called isinglass, calf's-foot jelly, gela- 
tine, etc., used for invalids and in soups. It is no more food than is 
sawdust." (Dr. F. R. Lees, Leeds, England.) 

Hoff's Malt Extract (Tarrant's).— Alcohol four per cent. Extractive 
matters eight to eleven per cent. Pleasant appetizer and invigorant; 
ii digestive agent for starches, and easily assimilable. Good where a 
mild stimulant and a slight nutrient are required. 

Horlick's Malted Milk.— Cow's milk, malted cereals and sugar 
with the casein of the milk partly predigested, the malt digesting the 
starch of the cereals when in proper solution. The manufacturers 
claim that the casein is partly digested " not by animal pepsin or pan- 
creatin, but by the action of the vegetable ferments of specially 
malted grain." 

Hydroleine.— This preparation is named here (although it is 
partly a medicine, as each dose contains with its eighty drops of Nor- 
wegian cod liver oil, five grs. of soluble pancreatin, forty-three grs. of 
soda and one-fourth grn. of salicylic acid), because we regard it as the 
best form in which the nauseating oil can be used. Even this mix- 
ture is best used as a nutrient enema. Most human stomachs rebel 
against eod liver oil in any form. See Cod Liver Oil under consumption. 

Imperial Grauum.— As a flour-food it is useful for invalids and 
children, provided a sufficiency of mineral salts and fiber food can be 
obtained elsewhere, but its calories and oxygen requirement are 
excessive. 

Kefir, — A derivative food resulting from the fermentation of milk 
by the agency of the Dispora Caucasia, until the nitrogenous portions 
are peptonized. There is a kefir, so called, on the market, made by 
the agency of brewer's yeast, but that yields only an alcoholic fermen- 

17 



258 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

tation, which does not predigest the fiber elements. Dujardin-Beau- 
metz gives the constituents of kefir as in the table, 0.4 of the carbohy- 
drates being lactic acid and there being also 0.8 of alcohol. This gives 
nearly an ounce of alcohol per day if enough kefir be taken to give the 
normal quantity of fiber food, i. e., 110.5 ounces of kefir for 4.19 ounces 
of protein. The oxygen-demand is small and the stimulation consider- 
able, making it valuable in those cases where a milk diet is ordinarily 
deemed necessary, and its i^redigested state renders it preferable to 
skimmed milk. 

Koumyss- The original article is made in Tartary from mare's 
milk. In this country a number of products made from the milk of 
cows are now largely employed as a diet for the sick. According to the 
analysis of Prof. C. A. Doremus, nearly thirteen pints every twenty-four 
hours of Dr. Brush's koumyss Avould be requisite to furnish the normal 
quantity of fiber foods, for one in health. But in many cases of dis- 
ease it furnishes adequate nutriment for a brief period in an easily 
assimilable and agreeable form. Koumyss poured a few times from 
glass to glass becomes like whipped cream and is then most palatable. 
As ordinarily made its food value is seen in the table. 

Koumyss Cream.— Contains every element of pure milk in an easily 
assimilable form, with tonic, stimulant and diuretic properties that 
render it valuable in many cases of diabetes, dyspepsia, albuminuria, 
pregnancy, sea-sickness, amenorrhcea, malnutrition, etc. Half a pint 
or more at a time, from four to twelve times a day. 

Kumysgen (a Koumyss Powder).— The great objections to koumyss 
are, the necessity of frequent preparation, of ice for preservation, and 
the constantly increasing acidity the longer it is kept, hence its vary- 
ing acid character. These difficulties have been successfully overcome 
in the preparation of the powder kumysgen, which, besides furnish- 
ing a superior koumyss, makes the preparation of it as easy as the mak- 
ing of a cup of tea, and the powder is palatable, always the same in 
chemical and nutritive constituents, keeps perfectly, is ten times more 
nutritious than cod liver oil, is about thirty-five to fifty-five per cent, 
less expensive than ordinary koumyss (according to size purchased), 
about thirty per cent, of its casein in soluble form, and may be varied 
at pleasure in its lactic acid, carbonic acid gas and alcohol constitu- 
ents. It is diaphoretic in warm and diuretic in cold weather. 
Increases the flow of the gastric juice, increases flesh faster than 
many other foods, is tonic and stimulant, and adapted to a great vari- 
ety of conditions. One-half pint to four pints in twenty-four hours. 

Liebig's Food.— Kept at most drug stores. Malted barley, wheat 
flour, wheat bran, bicarbonate of soda. Its starch is converted into 
maltose by the action of the malt. Must add seventy parts cow's milk 



FOODS, AXD THEIR PREPARATION. 259 

to five parts of the food. Has been much used in constipation and as 
an infant food. The maltose is in excess and is liable to produce 
diarrhoeas. When used for constipation it should be used alone rather 
than with milk. The hard coagula of the casein of the added cow's 
milk, the maltose has no effect upon. Therefore, the child is exposed 
to the double danger of indigeston from coagula, and diarrhoea from 
the maltose. 

L-acto-Preparata,— Cow's milk, milk sugar, cocoa butter substi- 
tuted for a part of the milk-fat which has been removed. The casein 
is partly digested, and the remainder coagulates in soft curds; a pow- 
der (only three per cent, water); add water, and it has the taste and 
appearance of mother's milk. From one even dessert spoonful in 
twenty-four hours in first week to thirty-six dessert spoonfuls at fif- 
teenth month. 

L,actated Food.— See table. Page 253, which shows its food-value to 
be almost precisely like that of sweetened condensed milk when both 
are prepared for infant feeding. Valuable as an adjuvant for inva- 
lids, while for infants its worth is represented in the tables on Page 
238. 

L,acto-Cereal Food. — Powdered milk sterilized and partly digested, 
dextrinated wheat, malted barley, dessicated bananas, cocoa butter, 
manna, and some parched corn. It contains the ferment that digests 
starch, is nutritious, easily digested, neutral in its effects upon the 
bowels ; contains fruit to keep liver and bowels in a normal condition ; 
may be added to water, milk, soups, broths, milk punch, eggnogg, or 
mixed with any food. Valuable as a food for invalids. 

Maltine.— A thick, syrupy extract of malt. Combines wheat and 
eats with the barley. Has the highest attainable diastastic power; is 
superior in palatability, uniformity and stability. Its nitrogenous 
constituents almost identical in composition with the chief constitu- 
ents of the blood. One part of maltine will digest thirty-two parts of 
starch, L e., convert them into dextrin and sugar. Also made with 
peptones. Two to four teaspoonfuls at a time. 

Matzoon.- Sterilized milk with its sugar converted into lactic acid 
by fermentation. Easily digested, nutritious and refrigerant; does 
not curdle like milk; its casein finely subdivided; very acceptable to 
the palate. An excellent preparation in all otherwise appropriate 
cases where its lactic acid is not objectionable. Dose one-fourth, to 
one-half pint up. 

Medium Oatmeal Crackers.— A combination of oatmeal with a cer- 
tain proportion of wheat flour. About the same as oatmeal biscuit, 
but not fermented; palatable and wholesome. 

>Iellhi's Food —Its starch predigested into maltose, entirely free 
from oane sugar; to be used mixed with cow's milk. One to four even 



260 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

teaspoonfuls to one and one-half to four and a half ounces of milk for 
babes, and one to two tablespoonfuls to eight to twelve ounces of milk 
for adults. It is assumed that the malt will aid the digestion of the 
casein of the milk, which we regard as doubtful. 

3Iosquera*s Beef-Cacao.— Made of equal parts of Mosquera's beef 
meal, Dutch chocolate and sugar. Combines the palatableness of a 
beverage with the value of a concentrated meat food. One to two 
teaspoonfuls in a cup of milk, A valuable addition to the food prod- 
ucts of the age. 

Mosquera's Beef Jelly.— The albumen (fifty-three per cent.) of the 
meat digested by a vegetable ferment into peptone. Contains all the 
stimulating properties of the beef extracts also. A concentrated nutri- 
ent; palatable, entirely devoid of bitterness and disagreeable odor. 
Class 5 of meat preparations. 

31osquera's Beef Meal.— The elements of beef sterilized and par- 
tially peptonized by the addition of the pineapple, which possesses 
remarkable power to digest egg albumen and blood fibrin. Protein 
matter available for nutriment sixty-nine to seventy-seven per cent., 
d£ which thirty to forty-one per cent, is prepared for immediate 
absorption. The water is extracted leaving a highly concentrated 
nitrogenous food. Class 3 of beef preparations. One teaspoonf ul per 
nital. 

Vestle's Food.— A carbohydrate dextrinated food which has value 
/is a starch food for invalids in suitable cases, and as an adjunct for 
children over one year old, who obtain nearly a sufficient supply of 
»ftber foods from other sources. 

Murdock's Liquid Beef.— Has 14.31 per cent, of soluble albumin, 
and is an extremely valuable food, but its taste and odor are so objec- 
tionable that patients prefer other things. " The fresh blood of beeves 
and sheep defibrinated by churning, to which is added ten to fifteen 
per cent, of whisky and egg and blood-albumen. Raspberry leaf tea 
or other astringents are also added." (Boston Journal of Health.) 

Oatmeal Biscuit.— About twice the thickness of an ordinary 
cracker, slightly sweetened, shortened with butter and made light by 
yeast; very palatable. Highly recommended for persons troubled 
with constipation with no acidity or flatulence. 

Plain Graham or Dyspepsia Crackers.— Best graham flour and 
soft water subjected to processes that make them so crisp and palata- 
ble that one can hardly believe that they are not shortened. Some- 
times lose crispness somewhat by absorbing moisture in damp 
weather, but it can be restored by placing the crackers in a hot oven 
for ten or fifteen minutes. 

Plain Oatmeal Crackers.— Unfermented, and contain neither 
sugar nor shortening; exceedingly agreeable, crisp and nice. 



FOODS, AND THEIR PREPARATION 261 

Poluboskos, a Gluten Food.— Most of the gluten foods in the mar- 
ket contain from twelve to fifty-four per eent. of starch. Polu- 
boskos contains only four-tenths of one per cent. Gluten is the 
element of the vegetable world which gives force and energy to animal 
life, and is the equivalent to the albumen of the animal kingdom. 
Poluboskos needs no special preparation; it is ready at a moment's 
notice. Mixed with milk it makes a nourishing, stimulating and 
refreshing food and drink for convalescents and dyspeptics ; readily 
assimilated by the weakest stomach. Valuable as a nerve food. Two 
teaspoonfuls contain as much nitrogenous matter as one pound of 
meat. Excellent for diabetics. 

Ridge's Food.— An oatmeal and barley preparation, neutral to the 
bowels, of utility when appropriately used for invalids, and, as a 
children's food to be estimated by the tables on Page 239. 

Rose's Peptonized Beef.— A therapeutic nutrient, primarily a 
food and secondarily a digestive agent. Each pound contains nearly 
five pounds of fresh lean beef, both the albuminous and extractive 
constituents. Useful in derangements of the digestive canal ; in dis- 
eases attended with elevation of temperature, conditions of debility 
ot tissue waste, as being assimilated with the least expenditure of 
force, and in all nervous maladies, as being the important factor in the 
elaboration and nutrition of fat. For alcoholism one-half teaspoonful 
in hot milk every two hours will be found of great service. Class 5 of 
beef preparations. One teaspoonful each dose ; begin with one-fourth 
and increase. Dose every one to three hours. For enemata, double 
the quantity. 

Rye Wafers.— Rye meal and whole wheat flour. Crisp and palata- 
ble. For all kinds of dyspepsia accompanied by eonstipat ion, except 
gastric dyspepsia when whole wheat crackers should be used. 

Universal Food.— A dry powder made from the germs of wheat 
and barley thoroughly cooked, ready to be eaten by simple maceration 
for a few minutes in milk. Easily digested, and taken with milk or 
cream, very fattening. 

AVagner's Infant Food.— A predigested milk food with the gluten 
of wheat and digested meat juice and mineral salts. Its true value as 
an infant food can be seen in the table of Infant Foods. 

Wheat Gluten.— Xearly all the gluten in the market contains sev- 
enty-five per cent, of starch. This, according to Prof. Atfield, has 
only a mere trace of starch. Diabetics who must use gluten will find 
this what they need. 

Wheat Preparations.— Wheatena i^ prepared from wheat exclud- 
ing the inert portions. One part of wheatena powder poured into six 
^r seven parts of salted boiling water is ready for use in one minute. 



262 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Appetizing, nutritious, easily digested. Wheat Granola, Arlington, 
Whole Wheat Meal, Sanitarium, whole wheat flour, etc. 

Zwieback No. 1.— Made of whole-wheat flour, sanitarium brand, 
containing more than fifteen per cent, of gluten ; nutritious, palatable 
and digestible ; said to be superior to the original Carlsbad manufac- 
ture ; with milk or cream it is a real delicacy. 

No. 2 is made of wheat flour and rye-meal bread for slow digestion, 
and constipation. 

No. 3 is specially prepared for acid dyspepsia with tenderness and 
painful digestion. 



Special Treatments. 



1. The Faith Cure — 2. Mind Cure— 3. Christian Science Cure — 
4. Hygienic Treatment — 5. Fasting Cure — 6. Abstinence 
Cure— 7. Dietetic Cure— 8. One Meal Cure— 9. The Salis- 
bury Treatment— 10. Grape Cure— 11. Fruit Method— 12. 
The Fruit-and-Bread Cure— 13. The Natural Method— 14. 
The Camp Cure— 15. The Rest Cure— 16. The Oxygen 
Treatment — 17. The Movement Cure — 18. The Massage 
Treatment— 19. The Magnetic Cure— 20. Electrical Method 
—21. The Hall Treatment— 22. Our Doctors Colon Flush, 
an Exhaustive but Plain Statement of the Simple but Ef- 
fective Treatment by Means of Bowel Injections — 23. The 
New Method Cure — 24. The Inhalation Treatment — 25. 
The Biochemic Cure — 26. The Densmore Preliminary Treat- 
ment— 27. The Kneipp Cure— 28. The Climate Cure, the 
Objects Sought by it, How They are Accomplished, and 
Where to Find the Desired Climate — 29. The Tractor Cure 
—30. The Earth Cure— 31. Our Doctor's Water Treatment, 
a Comprehensive Discussion of Hydropathy, Who May 
Employ It, When and How. 

Our purpose is not to sketch all the special treatments now 
recognized, to a greater or less extent, for the cure of disease, 
but simply to glance at those which have some particular 
merit that can be appropriated in a work like this, with more 
detailed directions concerning those treatments that are within 
the reach of ordinary families. These treatments should not 
be considered in the sense of different schools of medicine, but 

203 



264 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

particular applications of the healing art which all schools can., 
to a considerable extent, accept and practice. All schools 
agree in anatomy, physiology, chemistry, preventive measures, 
and the arts of obstetrics and surgery, but disagree as to the 
remedies to be employed and the method of their administra- 
tion. A momentary survey of the three leading schools may 
be of interest just here. 

The Allopaths, or "regulars," so-called, do not admit 
that there is any law of cure for disease, but believe in exper- 
imenting to find the effect of drugs, and give medicines, "be- 
cause they have been used with advantage in similar cases." 

The Eclectic believes that the law of cure is to produce 
an effect opposite to the diseased action, which is always an 
excess, defect or perversion. Hence, their remedies are se- 
lected according to the symptoms which indicate which of the 
three forms of disease is present. 

The Homoeopath holds that the law of cure is " similia 
similibus curanter." Like things cure like, i. e. 9 a drug that 
has produced like symptoms in a healthy man, will cure the 
same symptoms in a sic]: man ; and that the power of drugs is 
increased by subdivision. By carrying these principles out 
they have amassed a symptomotology that is almost unman- 
ageable, and have run their dilutions to such a degree that 
what part of the medicine is left is incomprehensible. Thus, 
the single remedy aconite has 2,400 symptoms and 800 condi- 
tions ; while the thousandth potency of some drugs is some- 
times recommended. Yet, absurd as this extreme may be, 
within reasonable limits homoeopathy is often more success- 
ful than the "regular" practice in its treatment of disease, as 
proven by hospital statistics and health-board returns. 

1, Faith Cure. — By this is meant the cure of disease 
by the agency of faith in prayer. The method is founded 
mainly upon the passage found in James 5, 18-15: "Is any 
sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church ; and 
let them pray over him, anointing him with oil, in the name 
of the Lord, and the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 265 

the Lord shall raise him up." The advocates of this method 
are divided into two classes : (1) Those who believe that the 
anointing should be literally accomplished, and that all sick- 
nesses of believers may be cured at any time ; (2) those who* 
hold that the healing is a special privilege of some, while 
others must suffer in common with other men. 

The fact of multitudes of cures through these means can 
only be denied upon grounds that would invalidate all histori- 
cal evidence. Many attribute the cures, however, to nientaL 
emotions, hopefulness, or other purely natural agencies. But 
this cannot be admitted ; because, however potent such agen- 
cies may be, there is a peculiarly Christian fact in these " faith- 
cures" that is entirely ignored by their assumption. This fact 
is the personal consciousness in the subjects of faith-healing* 
of an in-working, Spirit-helped faith. This consciousness is 
just as much a fact of experience in their case, as is the con- 
sciousness of personal salvation in the heart of the believer. 
No philosophy can ever account for these faith-cures upon any 
hypothesis that precludes or ignores this consciousness. And 
any denial of this consciousness, either as to its validity or 
value, as an element of proof, must be upon theoretical 
grounds, that would, with equal weight, bear against personaL 
salvation itself. 

Admitting, then, the fact that faith cures do occur, the 
question arises, what relation does that fact sustain to a book 
like this? The answer is, to Christian readers it may empha- 
size a possible privilege of any one of them. And therefore its 
mention, at this place, is proper, in order to suggest further 
reading of works specially illustrative of the subject. 

2. Mind Cure.— This is based upon the creed of the 
German philosophy, which holds that there is no reality but 
mind. Matter has no existence. Pain is only an imagination.. 
Sickness exists only in belief. Therefore, cure consists in 
changing the conceptions of the mind, relative to its supposed 
physical state. That change to be accomplished by the im- 
pression which the healer produces on the mind of the patient. 



266 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

When that impression is sufficient to work the necessary men- 
tal change, the cure is complete; but when obstructed by 
doubts and hesitancy on the part of the patients, the cure is 
but partial and unsatisfactory. 

That many cures are wrought by this agency, no student 
of science can deny. And to the extent that it can inspire 
hopefulness in disease, it is many times an agent of great 
value, but ought not to be relied upon to the exclusion of other 
measures which experience has proved of great service, even 
if not absolutely required. 

3. Christian Science Cure.— Christian Science is a 
misnomer; for that which denies the fundamental postulates 
of Christian faith, ought not to bear the cognomen of " Chris- 
tian Science." In 1864, Mary Baker Glover made her first 
"discovery" concerning healing by this method. Her doc- 
trines, as stated by herself, are : 

"God is an impersonal principle; man is his idea. Matter is but a 
"belief, and mind the only reality. To believe in the possibility of 
pleasurable sin, makes all that is sin. Life is not structural and 
organic, but without beginning and without end. Soul is not in body, it 
is the unlimited intelligence. Man is an idea, and soul the principle 
that produces it; therefore, man and his maker are inseparable. 

"The five personal senses are beliefs. There is no personal sense. 
Hepulsion, attraction, cohesion and power, supposed to belong to mat- 
ter, are constituents of mind. Spirit cannot act through matter. Dis- 
ease is a belief only. Electricity is not a vital fluid, but an element of 
mind. Belief is mortality's self, nothing whatever but illusion. Man 
never dies ; it is only a belief of man (that dies). Man born to-day and 
-dying to-morrow, as if something was newly created and lost, is a 
dream and illusion. Mind, not matter, embraces all suffering. When 
the sick are made to realize the lie of personal sense, the body is 
healed. What if the lungs are ulcerated or decayed; mind has done 
•this. Change, therefore, your belief in the case, and you will form the 
lungs anew, and they will resume their healthy functions. It matters 
2iot what the body indicates, in reality all is mind. The battle lies 
wholly between minds. Dismiss the first mental admission that you 
are sick; never admit sensation in matter, or that the body can be 
pained. Battle the old belief until you destroy it, and you will get 
well. Pains of the body are unreal, but not more so than its pleasures. 
Pood neither helps nor harms man. You can prevent or cure scrofula, 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 267 

hereditary disease and the like, in just the ratio you expel from mind 
a belief in the transmission of disease and destroy its' mental images. 
For a broken bone or dislocated joint it is better to call a surgeon, 
until mankind is further advanced hi the treatment of mental science. 
The time approaches when mind alone will adjust joints and broken 
bones/' 

These verbatim extracts from ' ; Science and Health" pre- 
sent a condensed summary of the principles of this method of 
healing, based upon a pantheistic God, a Deified humanity, 
experience a universal lie, and the idealistic figment of one 
school of Germany philosophy the one saving truth of this 
universal sham. Yet its teaching has a place, to a limited 
extent, in leading the sufferer to match will-power against 
pain. 

4. Hygienic Cure. — This consists in a careful conduct 
of the life, in accordance with the laws of health ; embracing 
eating, breathing, sleeping, exercise, baths, sanitary surround- 
ings, social relations and mental employment. Whatever 
careful adjustment of personal condition with these factors 
will not do towards the restoration of health, it is not deemed 
advisable to attempt by any other means. 

As an adjunct to other measures of established value, this 
system cannot be overestimated. But it has the disadvantage 
of supposing a knowledge and control of circumstances on 
the part of those who employ it, both of which are entirely 
beyond ordinary human attainment. Therefore, as a sole reli- 
ance, it will often be found most disappointing in the time of 
greatest need. 

5. Fasting" Cure. — This is based upon the assumption 
that people ordinarily eat too much, and that the main cause 
of disease is the clogging of the fluids and tissues of the body 
with the surplus material of the food and the wastes from tis- 
sue change. Therefore, when sickness occurs, the proper 
thing to do is to cut off the source of superabundant supply. 
In other words, abstain from food until the system has not 
only appropriated all the surplus, but expelled the excrementi- 
tious matter, and thus restored the normal balance between 
the in-take and the output of the organism. 



268 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

With this method, as with the last, held in a subordinate 
position, it may contribute largely toward recovery ; but when 
the blood is filled with the microbes of some diseases, starva- 
tion alone is likely to exterminate the patient much sooner 
than it will the parasites. As an illustration of the proper use 
of this method, we cite the following case : 

6. Abstinence Cure.— A personal friend, who was at 
the head of a very large mercantile agency, the business of 
which required the constant expenditure of an excessive 
amount of brain vitality, was subject to occasional attacks of 
prostrating illness. 

His uniform practice, at such times, was to retire to his 
bed, in a partially darkened room, and there remain, without 
food, medicine, or any kind of employment, until his sickness 
passed away. He never failed to find relief within a few days. 

7. Dietetic Cure. — The hope of the advocates of this 
system is, that by the careful adjustment of the diet to the 
needs of the system, the seeds of disease may be extirpated. 
Like other single agencies, it has a value not to be overlooked 
as an auxiliary, but as a sole contingent with which to fight 
the array of physical ailments that besets men, it is lacking in 
two fundamental elements of success. The first of these is 
the general, popular and professional ignorance concerning 
what constitutes the best diet in certain conditions. The sec- 
ond is the inability of the mass of people to regulate their diet 
according to the standards that may be deemed authoritative. 

For these reasons, it is unwise to trust to diet exclusively 
for the relief of most diseases ; although there may be dyspep- 
tic and kindred ailments that are amenable to it. Proper diet 
and forms of food, under various conditions, are fully set forth 
in previous parts of this book. 

8. One Meal Cure. — This is recommended especially 
for those slaves of appetite who find all their good resolutions 
of prudence vanishing before the temptations of a well-spread 
table. 

The London Lancet says: By active employment or outdoor sport 
the patient can manage, for hours, to divert his mind from the thought 



SPECIAL ' TREATMENTS. 269 

of the dinner-table, and when lie at last sirs down to a late meal, it is 
too late for the demon of the besetting vice to retrieve the lost oppor- 
tunity, and the invalid will be neither able nor inclined to eat more 
than his digestive organs can utilize in the course of the next twenty- 
four hours. By the simple plan of masticating every morsel of food 
slowly and thoroughly, a feeling of satiety can be made to assert itself 
before it is too late; and the idea that one meal a day might fail to 
supply the alimentary wants of the system is refuted by the experi- 
ments of modern sanitarians, as well as by the habits of the ancient 
■Greeks and Romans, who, for a long series of centuries, limited them- 
selves to one daily meal, eaten in the cool of the evening, or, at least, 
not before the completion of the day's work. 

9. The Saulisbury Cure.— In 1850 Dr. J. H. Saulis- 
bury began a very thorough coarse of microscopical and chem- 
ical analyses in order to discover the causes of the incurable 
diseases. In 185 1-7 he added many experiments made upon 
lii m self and upon men whom he hired for the purpose, in order 
to ascertain the effect of living exclusively upon one food at a 
time. In 1858 he amplified his experiments upon two thousand 
liogs, which he personally fed and dissected. In that year he 
discovered the cause of disease, as he believes, in unhealthy 
alimentation. The diseases thus caused are consumption, in 
all its phases, chronic diarrhea, summer complaint of children, 
dyspepsia in all forms, rheumatism of all kinds, gout, Bright's 
disease, diabetes millitus, locomotor ataxia, ovarian tumors, 
goiter, cretinism, all fibrous tumors, cancerous growths, all 
paralytic diseases. (1) softening of the brain, insanity, (1) pur- 
pura hemorrhagica, deafness, diseases of the eye, catarrhs, 
gravel, urinary and biliary diseases, asthma, (1) fatty diseases 
of heart and other organs, (1) most prolapse cases of bowels 
and uterus, most cases of dementia, loss of voice, erysipelas, 
eczema, scald head, Anaemia, etc. 

His system is epitomized in these words: "Healthfully 
feeding those tissues which require nourishing, and starving 
such as have been over and unhealthfully fed, will, in time, 

(1) Except when caused by injuries, poisons, infections, effusions 
or parasites. 



270 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

restore the equipoise of an unbalanced organism." " By struc- 
ture we are two-thirds carnivorous and one-third herbivorous. ?r 
Sip one-half to one pint of hot water, 110° F., from fifteen 
to thirty minutes, about 6 and 11 a. in., and 4 and 9 p. m. A 
cup of clear tea, coffee or beef tea slowly sipped, near the close 
of each meal. Hot water or beef tea, if thirsty, between two 
hours after and one hour before meals. Preferably the center 
of the round steak, chopped; all the coarse portion removed, 
made into cakes one-half to one inch thick, and broiled. 
Put on hot plate, season with butter, pepper, salt, Worcester 
or Halford sauce, mustard, horse-radish or lemon juice to 
taste. After the urine becomes clear and free at 1.015-1. 020 r 
add side dishes of broiled lamb, mutton, game, chicken T 
oysters, fish, dried beef, boiled codfish (fresh or salt), baked 
fish, or soft boiled egg. Bread, toast, boiled rice or cracked 
wheat, one part by bulk to four to six parts of meat. No 
other food. Soap and hot-water bath twice a week, then oil 
the entire body with glycerine and water; rub well. Nightly 
sponge bath of hot water one quart, aqua ammonia one to four 
teaspoonf uls ; wipe dry and rub well. Every morning sponge 
off with hot water, wipe dry and rub well. 

10. The Grape Cure in Germany and France con- 
sists in living exclusively, for several weeks, upon grapes, 
freshly picked from the vines. Several pounds a day are con- 
sumed at regular hours, and for some ailments it has proved 
very beneficial. But the small proportion of nitrogenous con- 
stituents renders it unfit for active life or for long-continued 
subsistence. Sometimes a little dry bread is allowed. 

11. The Fruit Cure. — This is based upon the state- 
ment that fruits not only afford the needed carbon, with much 
less vital strain than is required for the digestion of bread and 
cereals, but supply the organism with the antiscorbutic fruit 
elements and phosphates that are absolute requisites to any 
complete system of nourishment. Fruits abound in elements 
whose office is to dissolve out and carry off many salts and 
earthy matters, that otherwise remain to obstruct, and induce 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 271 

ossification. These fruits are also nature's aperient, and pro- 
mote the normal action of the bowels, and are the surest 
. means of overcoming constipation. 

The fruits preferred are figs, prunes, dates, raisins, peaches, 
pears, apples, berries, oranges, bananas, thus making this cure 
simply a broadening of the general idea of the grape cure, 
with this advantage in favor of the former, that whereas 
grapes have only fifty-nine one-hundredths of one per cent, of 
nitrogenous matter, figs contain over five per cent., and 
their force element is nearly three times as great, or forty-five 
per cent. , and the average of the fruits named give nearly one 
and a half per cent, fiber element, and one and one-half times 
more force constituents than grapes. Any greater variety than 
the fruits named is not deemed desirable. 

12. The Fruit and Bread Cure of Dr. Gustav 
Schlickeysen is based upon the theory that the natural man- 
ner of living all over the globe, before the glacial epoch, was 
on fruits, nuts and grains, and that as the tertiary fossil-bones 
of man are larger and stronger than those of the historical 
period, therefore, their food was more favorable to physical 
development. 

The order of maturity of the fruits and nuts is adapted to 
the necessities of the seasons. Great variety should be allowed. 
They should be taken uncooked, mainly because cooking de- 
stroys the electrical vitality of the food, which is a quality 
entirely distinct from its nutritive element. Salt and other 
condiments should be rejected. Preferably the grains are 
eaten raw, but if bread be used, it is of the unbolted wheat, 
prepared with water, thoroughly kneaded, set to rise near the 
fire, then baked two hours. The only beverage allowed is 
pure water. An abundance of fresh air day and night is 
insisted upon. 

Ample experiment has demonstrated the curative virtues 
of this treatment, and it likewise possesses economical and 
labor-saving features, that strongly recommend its adoption ; 
but the reputation for oddity that, in the present state of soci- 



272 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ety, must attach to those who depart so far from the ordinary 
customs of the people, is an insurmountable barrier against 
its being generally practiced. 

13. The Natural Care of Dr. C. E. Page is substan- 
tially Dr. Schlickeysen's theory, but favoring the one meal a 
day system most of the time, as largely increasing the work- 
ing capacity. The following is Dr. Page's experience while 
living on a dozen meals a week : 

"I have walked in snow and slop with low shoes, until both shoes 
and socks were soaked through, and have sat thus for an hour or more ; 
after wearing all-wool flannels during moderate weather, I have, upon 
the approach of colder weather, removed my under-garments, and have 
then attended to my outdoor affairs, minus the overcoat habitually 
worn; I have slept, in winter, in a current blowing directly about my 
liead and shoulders; upon going to bed I have sat in a strong current, 
entirely nude, for a quarter of an hour, on a v ry cold, damp night in 
the fall of the year; I have worn a flannel gown, and slept under heavy- 
weight bed covers one night, and in cotton nightshirt and light-weight 
bedclothes the next. These, and similar experiments, I have made 
repeatedly, and have never been able to catch cold. I become cold, 
sometimes quite cold, and become warm again, that is all. On the 
other hand, changing the form of my experiments, returning to my 
old way, the prevalent style of living— a " generous diet," and a full 
meal every five or six hours through the day — I have found no diffi- 
culty in accumulating a cold; and within a reasonable length of time 
could count upon it." 

Lest the force of this example should be broken by the 
23lea that Dr. Page was exceptionally rugged, it should be 
stated that he reached this degree of resisting power by sub- 
stantially this method of cure, from a state which he thus 
characterizes : ' ' Personally, I have been a lifelong sufferer 
from ''colds' in a variety of forms, from the * snuffles' of 
crammed infancy, and the 'hay fever' of adult age, to neural- 
gia, rheumatism and the like." 

14. The Camp Cure. — This consists in living for sev- 
eral months under canvas, preferably in the forest, away from 
all the exactions of ordinary life, in the freedom and abandon 
of a vacation, in the company of congenial spirits, and with 
nothing to do but get strong. The merits of this cure are 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 273 

known to many, but still remain to be illustrated on the large 
and systematic scale that the best interests of the people 
require. Elegance of appointments, fashionable attire, and 
the exacting conventionalities of social home-life, are all to be 
rigidly excluded. No book but the Bible; no used communi- 
cation save with companions and Heaven, and no luxuries but 
the pure air, the limpid water, good food, sleep and breath. 

If any invalids in the world can ' ' throw physic to the 
dogs" with impunity, it is those who have thus broken loose 
from the restraining, constraining and distraining duties of 
home and business life, and given themselves to a temporary 
nomadic kind of existence, that brings them back toward the 
healthfulness, buoyancy and gladsomeness of humanities' 
youth. To consumptives, especially, this method offers a most 
inviting and efficient remedy, particularly in the early stages. 
And the victims of stuffed stomachs, laggard livers and nerve- 
less nerves, may find in it something better than specialists' 
prescriptions, mineral waters or self dosing. 

15. The Rest Cure of Dr. Weir Mitchell is especially 
for debilitated nervous systems. The cure consists in lying on 
a clean spring cot, in a perfectly lighted and ventilated room, 
with nothing to distract the attention, waited upon by a healthy 
young nurse of a disposition suited to the case. No letters, 
books or friends admitted. Absolutely nothing to do but rest. 
Daily massage, and warm sponging before 8 p. m. If the 
digestive organs be very weak, raw milk is the only diet. If 
that disagrees, boiled milk is substituted. If that cannot be 
borne, two ounces of skimmed milk every two hours for two or 
three days. Then the full milk diet of eight eight-ounce glasses 
of milk (64 ounces) a day. After a week or more, bread and 
butter. After a few days more farina, fruits, chops, oatmeal, 
chicken and vegetables. After a suitable time the patient is 
dressed and sits up for five minutes, which period is extended 
as the strength returns, until two hours are allowed morning 
and evening. Then one letter may be allowed a day ; later, a 
magazine, and so on. Then a walk of a single block, which is 
18 



274 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

gradually extended to three or four miles. Upon leaving the 
hospital, a schedule regulating hours of meals, exercise and 
sleep is given for future use. 

In cases of less digestive debility, the rest-diet consists, 
the first five days, of five and one-half pints of milk every 
twenty-four hours. This yields but 1705 calories of energy, 
and requires 946 pints of oxygen ; but as the rest is as nearly 
absolute as practicable, the diet is found to be sufficient, and 
the treatment has proved to be very efficient in a class of cases 
that has been the despair of nearly all other methods. 

16. The Oxygen Treatment.— This consists in the 
inhalation of either pure oxygen gas, or a compound of oxygen 
and nitrogen, and, in some cases, medicating the gas. When 
this is judiciously done it is a most effective treatment, but a 
large proportion of the so-called oxygen treatments are unmit- 
igated frauds. We could name one largely used whose claims 
are endorsed by several reputable physicians, but whose circu- 
lars are tissues of falsehoods, and whose product has been 
proved by chemical analysis, to contain not one particle of 
oxygen that can be absorbed by the patient. Deep inhalations 
of pure air may accomplish most of the results arrived at by 
this treatment. 

About twenty per cent, of the oxygen inspired by an adult 
is absorbed directly into the blood, which has such an affinity 
for the oxygen that it absorbs two and a half times more than 
water does. Magnus has shown that arterial blood contains 
ten per cent, by volume of carbon dioxide, and twenty-five per 
cent, of free oxygen, and venous blood ten to forty per cent. 

The objection is made to all oxygen treatments, that the 
amount of free oxygen in the blood can not be increased be- 
yond the quantity which it receives by inspiration. If this 
were true it would still lack any force, because most people 
live in an habitual state of suboxydation. Yet there are very 
strong reasons for believing that it is not true, but that an 
indefinite quantity of oxygen may be taken up by the tissues. 

No atom of nutrition is ever converted into blood or tissue, 
and no atom of blood or tissue ever passes through the retro- 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 875 

-gressive changes backward toward inorganic matter, without 
the agency of oxygen. Further, usually both the nutritive 
and excretive processes, in their activity, bear a direct relation 
to the amount of oxygen inspired. Therefore, the best of 
physiological reasons favor the employment of oxygen in 
nearly all forms of disease, and the weight of clinical testi- 
mony is overwhelming as to its efficiency. 

17. The Movement Cure. — Ling, of Sweden, has 
the credit of introducing and systematizing this very efficient 
mode of treatment. It is based upon the fact that exercise 
strengthens. Hence, this system has elaborated special forms 
of exercise, adapted to the development of every muscle of the 
human body. It also recognizes the fact that, in order to 
strengthen by exercise, it is of imperative necessity to allow 
periods of repose. Great institutions, with elaborate and costly 
machinery, have been erected both in Europe and this coun- 
try, for treatment of disease and malformation by this method. 
Many books have also been written expounding the method. 

The institutional treatment is necessarily very expensive, 
on account of its immense outlays. But those who desire the 
system, and cannot afford the institutional treatment, will find 
adequate instruction in " Nisens' Swedish Movement and Mas- 
sage Treatment," "Taylor's Health by Exercise," or ;; Check- 
ley's New Method of Physical Training." The exercises found 
on Pages 29-36 of this volume are selected as adaptations of 
the general principles of the movement cure, and will be espe- 
cially applied in Part Eight, on diseases and their treatment. 

1 8. The Massage Treatment.— Massage means knead- 
ing, handling, manipulating of the flesh. It is divided into pas- 
sive, in which the patient receives quietly the movements of the 
operator; and active, in which he resists those movements. 
It is estimated that there are one thousand miles of tubing in 
the human system ; that the sweat tubes alone are thirty miles 
long, and therefore, any manipulation that can effectually 
open all these miles of tubing, must have a pronounced physi- 
ological result. Experience has proved that the temperature 



276 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

of an arm may be raised five degrees in a few minutes by the 
process. 

The primary movements are friction, percussion, pressure 
and movement. The effect of these is to stimulate the ter- 
minal nerve-fibers, quicken and tone the circulation in the 
skin, promote its secretions through those miles of tubing, and 
the interchange of gases. It should be applied from the ex- 
tremities towards the trunk. 

Deep massage is a combination of pressure and movement. 
Its effect is to improve the muscular circulation, tone th& 
motor function, stimulate the lymph glands, restore nervous 
energy, relieve pain and promote sleep. Massage of the abdo- 
men excites bowel movements, stimulates the genital organs, 
improves appetite and digestion, strengthens the heart, deep- 
ens respiration and increases oxygenation. 

The best method of performing massage is as follows: " 1. Sponge 
off the entire surface of the body of the patient, both morning and 
evening, with castile soap and water, and dry well. 2. The operator 
should be a young, healthy, vigorous person, full of vital force, intelli- 
gent and well posted in his or her work. Massage should last for half 
an hour in the morning, and the same length of time in the afternoon, 
increased daily until two and a half hours are thus occupied morning 
and evening, making Ave hours daily, and after its j)erformance, each 
time, one-half or three-quarters of an hour of electrical manipulation 
to follow. This massage is to consist of taking a leg and thigh, begin- 
ning at the toes, foot, leg, up to groin, first rubbing from the extremity 
up; then grasping the parts between both hands, from foot up, mov- 
ing each joint as you go along; then a careful painstaking kneading 
from the sole of the foot up, manipulating the joints well; this to be 
followed by beating, or patting with the fingers of both hands, coming 
down on the part at the same time, and the whole to be followed by a 
rubbing with the points of the fingers, always moving the joints. After 
one limb has been well done, then the other; then one arm; then the 
other; then the back; and, lastly, the abdomen, spending upon each .a 
little over half an hour. If there is great sensitiveness, it is often best 
not to spend the entire time on one member at once, but to go from 
one to the other, going over each several times. The intensity of mas- 
sage will depend altogether on the sensibility of the patient. In no 
case is there any violence or roughness to be used ; neither is the skin 
to be irritated nor much redness induced. During the manipulation, 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS, -*T 

the patient is to remain perfectly passive, not to make a single efforts 
All to be clone by the operator. This systematic shampooing, grasp-- 
ing. kneading, patting, beating and exercise of all the muscles and 
nerves of the body, extremities and trunk, has a truly magical effect 
Its advantages are. the periphera nerve stimulation, carried to brain, 
cord and other centers, raises the standard of central vitality, and the 
vital force and stamina of the operator is planted into the nervous sys- 
tem of the patient by reflex emanation. All his reserve vitality accu- 
mulated is thus given to the devitalized.'" Key Notes. 

It is a most successful measure for the amelioration or 
removal of nearly all the ailments of humanity. 

19. The Magnetic Care.— Certain individuals are 
endowed by nature with a surplus of animal magnetism. So 
much so, that by contact with others they impart a measure 
of their supply. By some process of transformation not under- 
stood, this added increment of energy becomes increased vital- 
ity in the subject. 

Many cures, seemingly marvelous in their character, have 
been wrought by persons thus endowed. The ordinary experi- 
ence of the removal of headache by gentle touches of the 
hand of another person, is an illustration of the same process. 
In this case, all that is requisite is that the operator shall be 
at the time, more fully charged with magnetic influence than 
the patient. Nurses should always be selected for the sick 
with reference to their capacity in this direction. 

The treatment is particularly beneficial in nervous dis- 
eases, care being taken that the operator be of a congenial 
temperament, and not exhausted by previous treatment of 
other persons. If this cannot be assured in any other way. 
the patient should insist on being the first one treated on that 
day, and the treatment should be received often enough not to 
allow the system to drop to its old level in the interval. Exer- 
cise should be carefully adapted to the strength, especial care 
being taken not to waste vitality by useless activity when 
under the invigoration of a recent treatment. Food should be 
1 increased as appetite and strength improves, and the habit of 
sleep should be cultivated- 



2-78 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

20. The Electrical Cure, as properly employed. 
This consists in passing the current of a battery — either Far- 
adic, galvanic or frictional — into the body of the patient. The 
philosophy of the remedy lies in the general facts that such is 
the effect of the current upon the nerves that the application 
•of the positive pole reduces abnormal sensibility, dissipates 
congestion, and carries away obstructive material. On the 
contrary, the application of the negative pole increases the 
circulation of the part, quickens sensibility and exalts vital 
function. Undoubtedly, also, by the great law of conservation 
of energy, a part of the electrical force becomes transformed 
into nervous vitality. 

Hence, it is a potent factor in the relief of pain and cure of 
disease, when rightly applied. But the common practice of 
keeping a battery for home treatment, without the directions 
of a competent advisor, is often extremely detrimental, be- 
cause nerves tire as well as muscles, and over-treatment may 
cause nerve debility or excitability, that will be hard to over- 
come. The kind of electrical current, its direction, force, 
duration, intermittency, frequency of application, are all mat- 
ters of importance to be determined, in critical cases, only by 
the experienced. In his hands there is no mightier agency for 
the relief of human suffering. But just as gunpowder is not a 
suitable thing for children to play with, so electricity (notwith- 
standing the assertions of battery -makers) is not a proper 
agent for the untrained to employ. 

21 . The Hall Treatment. — For many years physicians 
in various parts of the world have been experimenting with 
more or less flushings of the rectum and colon, in order to de- 
termine their precise value as curative measures. But it re- 
mained for a scientific layman experimentally to outline a sys- 
tem now known as the Hall treatment, which consists in the 
daily or tri-weekly injection into the colon of from three to 
four quarts of cold water, and its retention as long as practi- 
cable. The utility of the measure consists in these facts : 

First. — The highly concentrated foods of civilized life, com- 
bined with sedentary occupations and unphysiological dress, 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 279 

produce, in the great majority of the people, a diminished per- 
istaltic movement of the bowels, which results in the accumu- 
lation of the feces in the colon and rectum, either packing 
the tube with a solid mass, or covering its interior with a 
pasty substance, leaving a sort of fluid core, which may be 
expelled in daily evacuations. 

Second— But in either case the mouths of the absorbents 
are furnished with the foul excreta of the organism, to be 
taken up and carried as a poison, throughout the entire system. 

Third. — Headache, foul breath, muddy skin, indigestion, 
liver complaint, palpitation and nervous disturbances are the 
result. 

Fourth. — The effect of the flushing is to soften and expel 
the impacted matter and take up and remove the pasty lining, 
thus making the colon what nature designed it should be, an 
organ of transmission, not a receptacle of decay. 

After many years' use of this method, Dr. Hall claims to 
have passed from the condition of a hopeless consumptive to 
that of the healthiest man of his years and generation, and 
thousands of others have employed it temporarily with great 
advantage. Yet, as a system of cure, we believe it to be essen- 
tially defective. 

First, because lacking in adaptation to very many cases. 

Second, because it neglects those means of cure which 
nature itself teaches us to employ. When the dumb animals 
are sick their instinct teaches them to find, in some growing 
plant or running stream, or elsewhere, a means of relief. 
Human reason and experience have proved the utility of sim- 
ilar agents, and while they have been many times abused, that 
is no reason why they should not be properly used. 

22. Our Colon Flush.— This is a system of flushing 
the bowels employed by the writer for several years. It orig- 
inated in suggestions accompanying various clinical reports in 
different medical journals. In this treatment an attempt is 
made to adapt the quantity, temperature and frequency of the 
flushes to the condition of the patient, and special medication 



280 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



is added as required. In order that the subject may have the 
comprehension which it merits, 

1. The anatomy of the parts should be clear in the mind 
of the reader. 

Fig. 19, Page 64, shows the lower Jpart of the ascending colon in the 
right lower abdominal {hypogastric) region, and the place where the 
small intestine empties into the colon through the ileo csecal valve, 
which allows the passage of matter from the small intestine; but pre- 
vents its return. Fig. 40. 

This valve is a transverse fissure like a buttonhole, with flaps like 
eyelids, the upper projecting most. From the starting point, three 
inches below the valve, the colon passes up eight inches to the under 




THE BOWELS OR COLON. 



A. Ascending Colon. 

B. Transverse Colon. 



E. 



C. Descending- Colon. 
1). Sigmoid-flexure. 
Bladder. 



surface of the liver, then across twelve inches, then down eleven- 
inches, then bends around twenty-two inches, and ends in the rectum 
eight inches, constituting a tube about five feet long, one and one-half 
to three inches in diameter, with an average capacity of about four 
quarts. See Fig. 34, Page 84. 

It should be observed that it comes in close contact with the under 
side of the liver, gall, bladder, stomach, spleen and pancreas, and the 
front of the kidneys, and borders the uterus and bladder. The struc- 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 281 

ture of these organs is such that they have the power of osmosis 
(transfer of liquids through their membranes). 

An important feature of the descending colon is the sigmoid flex- 
ure (Fig. 36), named from its shape, resembling the Greek letter 
signia, and about twenty-two inches long. Possibly the design of that 
form maybe to partly hold back the crowding feces, and somewhat 
relieve the pressure that otherwise might be too strong for the sphinc- 
ter muscle. However that may be, it is an obstruction that must be 
carefully provided for in the administration of the flush. The feces 
are probably stored a few hours above the sigmoid, in order to give 
opportunity for the absorption of their fluids. 

The Bowels Consist of Three Coats. — The external perito- 
neal, or serous ; the middle, muscular ; and the internal, 
mucus. The object of the serous is the same as the serous mem- 
brane of joints, protection from friction. That of the muscu- 
lar is to produce the peristaltic movements that carry the con- 
tents on toward the exit, and that of the mucus, to lubricate. 
The colon readily absorbs watery solutions, although its ab- 
sorbents are not as numerous as those of the small intestine, 
"When the feces reach the rectum, the desire for defecation is 
felt, and, if not gratified, it is thought that the feces reascencl 
into the descending colon. 

The Small Intestine, fifteen to twenty feet long and one 

and one-half inches in diameter, is described on Pages 63-64. 

The inner membrane has a velvety appearance, from the great 

number of villi (small projections), each of which has an artery, a vein 

and capillary net work, as shown in Figs. 37 and' 

39. These villi are estimated to number 10,125,000' 

in the small intestine. 

The glands of Brunner lie under the mucus 
membrane of the duodenum (for their use see Page 
85), while "Peyers patches" are collections of 
so-called solitary glands in the lower part of 
the intestine, whose purpose is to secrete intestinal 
tin id. 

The follicles of Lieberkuhn (Fig. 38) are scat- 

FIG. 37. CAPILLA- 
RIES of THE tered through both large and small intestines, and 

SMALL intestine, secret c most of the intestinal fluid or ferment. 

2. The Natural Physiological Processes of the intestines 
have been briefly referred to, Pages 85-88, in considering diges- 
tion, but we must now repeat and amplify. 




282 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Some very recent discoveries of great importance have been made 
by Drs. Macfadgen, Mencki and Sieber, in a case of strangulated her- 
nia, in which it became necessary to remove about three inches of the 
tmiall intestine, and one inch of the colon, in Prof. Kocher's clinic at 
Berne. An artificial fistula was formed by connecting the small intes- 
tine with the wall of the abdomen, by which means the contents could 
be collected and examined at pleasure, and it was learned that a given 
article of food requires from two to five and one-fourth hours to reach 
the valve; that its complete passage may take much longer time, as in 
the case of green peas which are from fourteen to twenty-three hours 




FIG. 38. VERTICAL SECTION OF MEMBRANE OF RABBIT. 

a. Lacteal vessel. e. Epithelium. 

b. Capillary blood-vessels. /. Substance of a vilus. 

c. Small artery. g. Tubular glands of Lieberkulm. 
<d. Vein. V. Submucus tissue. 

A. Cross-section of Lieberkuhn glands, highly magnified. 

in being removed; that the matter is usually almost odorless; that it 
has an acid reaction equal to one-tenth of one per cent, of acetic acid; 
that there is no appreciable decomposition of proteids in the small 
intestine by bacterial organisms; that many forms of organized fer- 
ments exist there, but of such as act upon the force-foods with the 
formation of volatile fatty acids, only one of the six identified could 
act on protein; that the fiber-foods are subjected to putrefactive pro- 
cesses first in the colon ; that 85 per cent, of them are digested and 
absorbed before reaching the colon, thus leaving only 15 per cent, sub- 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 283 

jeet to the liability of putrefaction ; and that a much greater percent- 
age of the force-foods resist the action of the small intestine, and 
remain to be worked up in the colon (probably 20 to 30 per cent.). 

It was also found that the patient gained in weight on the percent- 
age of fiber-element absorbed by the small intestine, and was there- 
fore consuming more than was necessary for nutrition. She took food 
five times a day and passed 19.3 ounces in 24 hours, of which 5.9 per 
cent, was solid matter. When the food was more concentrated, the 
quantity passing the fistula was only 8.1 ounces, of which 11.2 per cent. 
was solid. 

Some of these facts are of great importance. 

1. Eighty-five per cent, of the fiber-foods are digested in 
the stomach and absorbed by the small intestine. This is suf- 
ficient for nutriment, so that the remainder is waste ; provided 




FIG. 39. A PORTION OF THE BOWEL TURNED INSIDE OUT, TO 
SHOW THE ABSORBENT VESSELS CLEARLY. 

that enough of the fiber element is digested so that 85 per cent, 
of it can meet the demand for tissue repair, but if that be not 
the case, then it is absolutely necessary for complete nutrition 
that the remaining 15 per cent, be appropriated from the colon. 

2. Only 70 to 80 per cent, of the force foods are digested 
by the saliva and the pancreatic and intestinal ferments, leav- 
ing, say, 25 per cent, to pass on id to the colon. 

3. The colon, therefore, has a total of about 40 per cent. 
Of the foods to dispose of, three-eighths of which is specially 



284 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



liable to putrescent fermentation in the colon, which yields no 
ferment except that of the follicles of Lieberkuhn. 

4. The selective power of the absorbing lacteals is there 
the only security for the integrity of the organism against the 

poisons that float therein, inter- 
mingled with the nutriment. 

Another fact of great import- 
ance is that nature designs that 
the whole of that 40 per cent, shall 
be either absorbed as nutrient ma- 
terial, or passed on to be expelled 
as waste every day. 

For the first of these purposes r 
the lacteals line the small intestine, 
as seen in Figs. 20 and 21, p. 65, 
and in Fig. 39, as so many hungry 
mouths longing to be filled. 

For the second purpose, the 
muscular coat, by its vermicular 
action, passes on the residue into 
the rectum to be expelled. 

Constipation. — While this de- 
scribes nature's normal process, 
sedentary habits, inattention to the 
calls of the desire to stool, and unsuitable foods, have insti- 
tuted an abnormal physiological process known as constipa- 
tion. This is diminished peristaltic action of the intestines. 

All healthy physiological actions move downward from the head 
towards the feet, while all physic (soul) move upward from the feet to 
the head. The downward peristalsis travels the length of the body- 
about once every minute, and manifests itself in the muscular fibers 
of the bloodvessels, glands and digestive process. The peristalsis of 
the bowels is but a part of this general movement. The causes of its 
diminished action are: 

1. General poverty of nerve force. 

2. Enfeeblement of the bowel by over-distention or purgatives. 

3. Diminished special sensibility of the bowel. 

4. «, Deficiency of bile-stimulation; or b, of fluid from the glands. 
of the large intestines. 




FIG. 40. 

1. Small intestine. 

2. Ascending colon. 

3. Appendicitis arrow, valve. 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 285 

£. a, Food susceptible of nearly complete absorption ; b, change of 
liabits. 

6. Weakness of the abdominal muscles. 

7. From mechanical obstruction, spasmodic contraction of the 
^walls of the bowel, collections of worms, or indigested food, the pres- 
sure of tumors, or the flexed or pregnant uterus. 

To these seven causes Salisbury has shown conclusively that the 
fermentation of starchy food must be added as the chief. The process 
Is this : 

As the stomach is not designed to digest starches and sugars, when 
they are too exclusively eaten, it does not feel stimulation enough 
from their presence to pass them along at once. Hence, they ferment 
and form carbonic acid gas, sugar, alcohol, and acid and alcoholic 
yeast plants. These soon begin to paralyze the follicles and muscular 
walls of the stomach, rendering it flabby and baggy, and distended 
with gas. Armand Gautier has shown thai the fermentation of organic 
products causes the formation of special toxines. From these come 
gastric disturbances and neurasthenia. 

The stomach has now become an apparatus for the manufacture of 
beer, alcohol, vinegar and carbonic acid gas. This gas soon jmralyzes 
the gastric nerves, and the mucus follicles ponr out quantities of 
stringy, viscid mncus. This partial paralysis dilates the blood vessels, 
and a sort of passive congestion supervenes. Then the epithelial sur- 
faces and connective tissue beneath begin to thicken, which may go 
on into gastric fibroid, or even scirrhus. 

If the person is active enough to shake the food along, or if the 
pyloric valve be so paralyzed as to remain open, so that the food 
quickly passes on, the danger of fibroid is lessened, but the disease is 
then transferred to the small intestine, where it may remain as intes- 
tinal dyspepsia (vegetable dyspepsia, flatulent dyspepsia, etc.), for 
many years, in which case the following results are to be expected: 

These foods excite abnormal actions in the parent epithelial cells 
of the mucus surfaces and glands, thus causing vitiated intestinal fluid 
which proves incapable of digesting the food. 

Thence comes fermentation, the production of carbonic acid gas, 
lactic acid, alcohol, and the yeast fungus. The peristaltic action is 
reversed, bringing the bile up into the stomach and back into the gall 
bladder, causing biliousness. 

The ileo-caecal valve may be so paralyzed by the carbonic acid gas 
that it allows the fermenting mass to "pass on into the colon. But 
before this results, the intestinal walls lose much of their normal sen- 
sibility and contractility, and furnish but a scant supply of digest- 
ing fluid. 

By reason of diminished sensibility the absorbents lose much of 
theirselective power and suck up any pabulum that maybe offered. 
This carries the poisons into the blood-current, where the acid yeasts 
aggregate in masses which, as the spores multiply, finally become too 
large to pass through the capillaries of the lungs, hence lodge, fasten 
and become the nuclei of future tubercles. 

The blood vessels of the intestinal walls dilate because of their 
state of semi-paralysis, causing stacis, and a hypernutrition that 
thickens them, by a great increase of connective ^tissue, with a low 
grade of vitality. In some cases the thickening of the colon has elon- 
gated it a foot or more, and in others entirely closed up the passage. 

The system is now becoming saturated with yeast plants. The 
white blood corpuscles begin to get sticky, spongy and soft, and the 
fibrin filaments formed from them are soft and rotten, 



286 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

These soft filaments are liable to fix themselves to the epithelial 
lining of the blood vessels in or near the heart, and become gradual 
accretions of fibrin, until thrombi results. These breaking loose and. 
floating in the blood may become emboli. This is especially liable to 
occur with an excess of acetic acid fermentation. 

The absorption of these poisons from the intestines also affects the 
heart, giving it inadequate 'nutriment for its ceaseless work, and 
sometimes paralyzing it when the carbonic acid gas remains collected 
too long in the cardiac end of the stomach. 

The partial paralyses due to the carbonic acid gas causes the 
shrinking of the chest in the consumptive, while the breathing with 
elevation of the shoulders is the result of paralysis of the diaphragm 
from the same cause. 

Returning now to the colon deluged with the vile products of fer- 
mentation of the starches and sugars, we find frequent attacks of 
yeasty diarrhea, which is nature's effort to expel the enemy; and may 
really prevent consumption and prolong life for many years, by fur- 
nishing a sluice-way for the damaging compound to escape from the 
system. 

Should a healthier action take place, elongated folds from half an 
inch to twelve inches long, and from an eighth of an inch to an inch 
in diameter of the thickened intestine may die, loosen, and hang for 
weeks slowly rotting away, to the great danger of the patients life, or 
may be broken loose and appear in the stools. 

All this from the fermentation of starchy foods. 

On the other hand, if the fiber foods are not digested, they ferment 
and evolve enormous quantities of sulphides of hydrogen and ammo- 
nium, which taste like rotten eggs, and which are apt to paralyze the 
mucus surfaces, when they are at once absorbed, and produce paraly- 
sis of organs and tissues, which often result fatally (Salisbury). 

All these systemic results are hastened by the preliminary semi- 
paralysis, which stops the peristaltic movements and packs the colon 
with the products of waste. 

It becomes, therefore, an all-important question how to extirpate 
this root of so many and such serious evils. In many cases the colon 
is loaded constantly with a nearly solid mass, three or four inches of 
which may be discharged in each occasional evacuation, but leaving: 
sixty-seven to seventy inches remaining. 

The Remedy. — For ages the one remedy has been chemico- 
vital irritation of the bowel by drugs, causing an extra secre- 
tian of mucus, or an intensified action of peristalsis, with the- 
uniform result of increased dryness, less sensitiveness to bile 
stimulation and diminished movements, unless the stimulus 
was kept up by increasing doses. 

Resort has also been had to mechanical irritation in the 
form of the silica coat of the wheat in flour, and of coarse fiber 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 28? 

in vegetables, with temporary success many times, but dis- 
heartening failures many more times. Bowel kneading, shak- 
ing and percussing have been tried, but have rarely proved 
satisfactory except under the direction of a massage operator. 

At last relief seemed to come when the Hall system burst 
like a noon-day sun upon the dark sky of man's bitter experi- 
ence. Hundreds of thousands rushed to it as the mecca of 
their hopes, and very many were benefited ; but it has been 
found too inelastic to suit all conditions. To raise four quarts 
of water from 50° or 60° to 98° requires an expenditure of 
vitality that those who are poorly equipped with that indispen- 
sable product cannot afford. Hence, however good it may be 
for the vitally strong, the Hall system is positively dangerous 
to those who are vitally weak and in a cold, unfevered 
condition. 

Our Flush provides for this contingency. Its elements 
are : Water of any temperature required by the case ; water 
holding in solution any benign drug or chemical ; water as a 
decoction of any beneficial herb ; water always, pure and sim- 
ple, unless something more is actually needed to afford relief. 

Our flushes together not merely wash out the end of the 
sewer, but cleanse the entire extent of it. As its position and 
construction are such that it cannot be flushed from end to 
end, the only practicable way is to pump it full and cleanse by 
emptying. This will require from four to eight pints of fluid, 
and cannot be done by the one-half pint or pint enemas that 
have been ordinarily used hitherto. A late authority upon the 
subject says : " There are formed in the intestines of a healthy 
adult in twenty -four hours a quantity of cadaveric alkaloids, 
which, if excretion were stopped and all were absorbed, would 
be sufficient to destroy life." Bacteriology, p. 1,348. These 
flushings effectually remove these deleterious alkaloids. 

The chief characteristics of these additions to the water 
will be summarized upon a future page, but it should be dis- 
tinctly understood that water alone, modified as to tempera- 
ture, quantity, and frequency of administration, constitutes a 



388 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

very effective treatment for most ailing conditions, and ordi- 
narily should be the dependence of the people. 

Our flushes are divided into three classes, and named: 
1, Rectal, comprising from one gill to one pint of fluid as the 
element ; 2, sigmoid, from one to two pints of fluid ; 3, caecal, 
from one to four quarts of fluid. 

Modification. — These flushes are all modified by several 
circumstances. 

1. The sensitiveness of the lining membrane of the bowel. This is 
sometimes so great that it will instantly reject even a small quantity 
of fluid, unless it contains some soothing potency. 

2. The natural divisions of the bowel. To fill the rectum may be 
easy, while to fill the sigmoid may he hard, and to fill the colon exceed- 
ingly difficult. 

3. The contents of the bowel are often a modifying agent of great 
importance. If fluid, the flushing may be easy; if thick and pasty, it 
may he quite an undertaking; if hard and packed, it maybe simply 
impossible until they are removed. 

4. The position occupied by the patient while taking the flush is of 
importance. An injudicious position may bring the force of gravita- 
tion to bear against the process, or may subject some portion of the 
membrane to needless friction, or may add muscular resistance that 
must be overcome. 

The Essentials are a good bulb or fountain (preferably 
both) syringe, with a tube not less than eighteen to twenty- 
four inches long between the bulb and the delivery pipe. Two 
delivery or injection pipes ; one the ordinary vaginal pipe of a 
family syringe, about four inches long and nearly one-half 
inch in diameter at the end, and about one-fourth of an inch 
near the attached end ; the other pipe should be of such rub- 
ber as catheters are made, stiff yet flexible, eighteen to twenty- 
four inches long, and used only to carry the stream well up 
into the sigmoid. A rolled blanket for the hips, and a smaller 
one or a pillow for the head. 

Having provided these, the way to take the injections 
should be carefully observed. 

Position for Rectal Flush. — If rectum is empty, any that 
suits best. If packed, on back with hips on rolled blanket, 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 289 

shoulders on bed or floor ; take very slowly so as to give time 
to soften the mass, and pass as soon as practicable. If very 
sensitive, same position, take very slowly, soothing flush ; 
retain five to thirty minutes. 

If rectum is prolapsed, same position, astringent flush, 
retain five to twenty minutes, repeat as often as difficulty 
returns. If engorged, or hemorrhoidal (piles), same position; 
if painful, first relaxant flush until relieved, then absorbo- 
astringent flush retained. 

Position for Sigmoid Flush. — This should never be at- 
tempted until the rectum is empty ; then if the bowel is packed 
above sigmoid, on left side, hip on roiled blanket, left breast 
to bed or floor, thighs bent close to the pelvis ; inject very 
slowly to soften ; retain only until desire to stool is felt ; repeat 
if necessary. If only moderately full and soft above sigmoid 
same position, or on back if preferred, and take as fast as may 
be comfortable : expel at pleasure. 

Position for C cecal Flush. — If packed and hard, then pro- 
ceed as in rectal packed, and follow as in sigmoid packed. 
Repeat at as frequent intervals as strength and circumstances 
allow, until the hardness and fullness are removed from the 
whole of the left side. Then, after injecting as for sigmoid 
packed, turn first on the back (hips still elevated), and take 
very slowly until full, rest a few minutes, turn on right side 
and very slowly fill again ; retain ten minutes, if no desire to 
stool is felt, and fill again, and so on as long as there is room 
for more ; but in all packed conditions the offending matter 
should be removed as quickly as possible without violence. 

Principles. — Flushes hot enough to excite free perspiration 
should never be given when the bowel contains a mass of foul 
matter, lest its poison be carried through the system. 

The sigmoid should never be attempted until the rectum is 
clear. 

The caecal should not be tried 'until the rectum and sig- 
moid are clear. 
10 



290 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Congestion requires very little relaxation, and that always 
with stimulation. Inflammation requires pure relaxation. 
Collapse requires stimulation. Flaccidity requires astringents. 
Flaccidity with coldness requires astringents and stimulants. 

In cases of deficient nutrition, either flush should be fol- 
lowed by a retained nutrient enema containing not less than 
the fifteen per cent, of fiber-foods that are thrown from the 
colon. 

In fermenting conditions they should be given with ■■suffi- 
cient frequency to prevent the absorption of the poisonous pro- 
ducts into the blood-stream. 

In such conditions the best time is in the evening, so as to 
prevent the all-night absorption of the deleterious matter. 

In simple constipation without special fermentation, the best 
time is on rising in the morning, to give time for the all-night 
absorption of the nutriment, and to give a healthy stimulus to 
the whole digestive tract. 

It is better to use the flush regularly, and not infrequently, 
as long as it is needed at all. 

Retained Enemas. — When a decided impression is desired 
from the medicine, the flush should be given as required and 
passed off, then, after a few minutes for rest, a retained enema 
consisting of not over one to four ounces of a suitable vehicle 
containing the medicament should be thrown into the rectum 
or sigmoid, and not allowed to be discharged. Should there 
be difficulty in retaining it, this can be done by lying on the 
face with hips elevated for a few minutes. 

Experiments have proved that medicines thus administered pro- 
duce the same effect, with from one-fourth to one-half less quantity 
than is required when taken into the stomach. The rapidity of such 
absorption is seen in the fact that iodide of potash deposited in the 
rectum has actually been found in the urine twenty-one seconds after- 
ward, and in the saliva forty-six seconds afterward. 

Medicines taken by the mouth necessarily undergo, the changes 
which result from mixture with the acid of the gastric fluid in the 
stomach, and further on with the alkali of the pancreatic secretion, 
besides whatever chemical action the bile may excite, so that it is 
impossible to tell whether they are unchanged when they reach the 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 291 

absorbents or are something entirely different, and with totally dis 
similar properties. The only exceptions to this necessity are those 
medicines that are absorbed directly through the membranes of the 
stomach into the blood. The stomach is designed as a receptacle for 
food, not drugs. 

The flushing fluid, properly medicated, plants the medicine in the 
precise place where it is needed in all bowel, stomach, liver, bladder, 
urinal, ovarian, kidney and seminal diseases, without the necessity of 
its first running the risk of loss and change in the digestive tract, or of 
being first dispersed through the entire circulation, because its imme- 
diate transfer through the membranes of the bowel brings it in direct 
contact with the diseased organs ; while in such diseases as lung, heart, 
spine, head and nerves, the purification of the blood and the totaliza- 
tion of all the lower organs of the frame by the flushing and medication 
often work wonders in their restoration after even many years of 
suffering. 

It follows that a well devised system of medicated injections is the 
most thorough, scientific, direct and effective treatment that can pos- 
sibly be used for the preservation of health, the invigoration of the 
digestive and generative systems and the radical purification of the 
blood, and consequent cure of all diseases dependent on a bad state of 
that fluid. 

Retained Nutriment Enemas, are retained enemas consist- 
ing of nutriment instead of medicines, and should be thrown 
as far up the sigmoid as practicable, and may be repeated 
every three to six hours, to sustain vitality when the stomach 
is incompetent to do its work. Life is often sustained for 
weeks upon such enemas alone, and they are invaluable aids 
even when not required as the sole dependence. 

The Effects of the different flushes are as various as the 
flushes themselves. Of course, in each case, when medicines 
are used, the nature of these will determine the physiological 
result. But when water alone is employed, the effect will 
vary with the temperature and quantity. If the full flush is 
given, then temperature is the main factor to be considered. 

For the first few times that copious injections are used, 
the patient is apt to be frightened at the mucous or slimy dis- 
charge that may come away later. This is nothing to be 
afraid of, it is simply cleansing the bowel of stuff that ought 
not to be there. 



292 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

There are three points of fixed effects, from which all calculations 
of results should he made. 

a. Hot flushes stimulate, draw the blood to the viscera, increase 
vital heat and energy, open the pores, and, in some conditions, may- 
cause prostration by excessive perspiration ; and if in large quantities, 
may cause waste of nutriment from the colon. They also astringe 
locally. 

b. Cold flushes abstract vital heat rapidly, force the blood away from 
the viscera, and prove depressing, unless the power of reaction is very- 
strong; in which case they are tonic. The shock is too great for per- 
sons of low vitality, as the chill may cause suspension of the circula- 
tion in the colon ; or, if reaction does ensue, it is with an expenditure 
of vitality that cannot be afforded. Hence, if used at all by such per- 
sons, it should be in small quantities, with immediate expulsion, and 
with some stimulant taken into the stomach, like hot coffee, hot beef 
tea, etc. 

e. Tepid flushes simply relax the structures, soothe the nervous sys- 
tem, cool the surface, without reducing the temperature below the 
normal standard. They also promote perspiration. 

Midway between the tepid and hot, the warm flush partakes of the 
characteristics of the hot to a modified extent, when it is almost imme- 
diately expelled; but when it is retained a considerable time its 
effects more closely resemble those of the tepid. 

Cool flushes are midway between cold and tepid. When almost 
immediately expelled there is a quick reaction, and the effect is similar 
to that of the cold to persons of vigorous vitality. But when retained 
a half hour or more, the results are those of a modified cold bath. 

To those of low vitality, the cool flush may be equivalent to the 
cold with those of a good degree of vigor; while in fevered conditions, 
without much impairment of vitality, the cool may be as soothing as 
the tepid is to the healthy. 

It is clear, from the foregoing, that the indiscriminate use 
of any single temperature may be productive of harm instead 
of good. A clear conception of what is needed should be the 
groundwork of judgment in every case, and that need should 
be expressed as an answer to one of three questions : 1. Does 
the system need stimulation? 2. Does it need relaxation? 
3. Does it need toning? Having settled the need, then how 
much stimulation, relaxation or toning, can the patient advan- 
tageously bear ? 

In these statements, the primary cleansing effect of the 
flushes has been purposely omitted, because such prominence 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 293 

has been given to it in the preceding pages. But that effect 
should never be lost sight of in the use of flushes as a remedy 
for disease. 

As the cold ceecal and sigmoid flushes abstract such a large 
portion of heat from the liver, stomach, pancreas and pelvic 
organs, it is well to exercise freely as soon as it is taken, and 
until the proper balance of heat is restored. As the hot caeca! 
and sigmoid flushes impart a large amount of heat to those 
organs, free perspiration should be favored, and after proper 
rest a cool sponge bath is desirable. As the caecal sometimes 
proves exhausting, the sigmoid should take its place. If that 
is too prostrating, the rectal only should be used. 

When the Flushes are Seeded. — When the skin is blotched 
and unsightly. When the kidneys are disordered. When the 
liver is laggard. When suffering from dyspepsia, constipation. 
poor appetite, rush of blood to the head, piles, jaundice, blood 
poison, inflamed bladder, occasional sick headaches, diarrhoea, 
dysentery, consumption, fevers, rheumatism, cholera morbus, 
colic, leucorrhcea, uterine irritation, diseases of the prostate, 
seminal weakness and obesity ; also in epilepsy reflex from 
the intestines, genitals or urinary organs. In insomnia from 
gastric derangement, paralysis from incomplete digestion, bil- 
iousness, muddy complexion, and in all i; general-ailing-and- 
not-much-the-matter n conditions. 

In health, flushes are indicated in all cases where the feces 
are retained over twenty-four hours. How is this known? 
If the track of the colon is hard to the touch on external pres- 
sure, and if there is not a full and soft satisfying movement 
every day, it may be reasonably assumed that the peristaltic 
movement is too slow and the mischiefs of constipation 
resulting. 

General Rides for the temperature of the flushes : 
Cool or cold when used for inflammations, fevers without marked 
prostration, and as a tonic. 

Tepid when used lor relaxation, to promote absorption, and in obese 
conditions. 

Warm to soothe. 



294 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Bot for antiseptic use if water only is employed, to relieve pain, 
promote perspiration, as a stimulant, and to recuperate in fatigue. 

Any temperature, as an ant-acid, and as antiseptic when chemicals 
are employed. 

What Medicaments to Use. — For convenience of prescrip- 
tion in the "Diseases and their Treatment" part of this work, 
the various articles recommended with which to medicate the 
flushes are named numerically below. 

1. AMERICAN Gentian, Yellow Gentian, Marsh Gentian, Sampson 
Snake Root (Gentiana Ochroleuca). — Roots; tonic, both relaxing and 
stimulating, slow, but intense and permanent. Acts chiefly on stom- 
ach and gall ducts, but distinctly on the liver, bowels, and general 
glandular system. Useful in liver torpidity, skin affections, dropsy, 
scrofula. Ten to fifteen grains in retained enema, twice a day. 

2. BARBERRY (Berberis Vulgaris).— The bark is stimulating, slightly 
relaxing, tonic; acts specially on the gall ducts and liver. Five to ten 
grains in a retained enema twice a day. 

3. Bicarbonate of Totassa.— Ten to twenty grains in a caecal or 
sigmoid Hush, as an ant-acid. 

4. Black Cohosh, Rattle Root, Black Snake Root. Squaw Root' 
(Cimicifuga Race-mo s a). —Root; moderately prompt, < I illusive, relaxant, 
leaving a slight astringent impression. Its relaxation is peculiar to 
itself alone. Soothing to the nerves, relieves pain dependent on local 
irritation, calms body and mind, relieves the head, disposes to placid 
sleep, lowers and softens the pulse, and produces gentle perspiration; 
allays irritation of serous tissues. Especially useful in articular and 
neuralgic rheumatism, cerebro spinal meningitis, puerperal mania, 
painful menstruation, rigid os-uteri, vaginitis, congested kidneys, 
ovarian irritation, chorea, snake bites, and other poison wounds. Not 
to be used when the pulse is low, skin cold, tissues relaxed and gen- 
eral sensibilities reduced. Dose: powder five to ten grains in a re- 
tained enema. Sometimes called Bugbane. 

5. Blood Root, Red Puccoon, Red Turmerick (Sanguinaria Cana- 
densis).— The dried root is a slow relaxant and stimulant of the mucus 
membranes, gall ducts and secreting organs. Specially valuable in 
chronic torpid liver, in bilious temperaments and chronic jaundice. To 
be used only in sluggish conditions. As a tonic alterant, two to five 
grains twice a day in retained enema; as an expectorant, one to two 
grains in retained enema every three hours. 

6. Blue Cohosh, Squaw-root, Papoose-root, Blueberry (Caulophyl- 
Jum Thalictroides). — Root; a mild, diffusive, stimulating and relaxing 
anti-spasmodic. Especially valuable in nenous feebleness with irri- 
tability, twitching of the muscles in typhoid and child-bed, hysteria, 
painful menstruation, colic, neuralgic rheumatism, nervous restless- 
ness during pregnancy and in asthma. Infuse a half hour in covered 
vessel in a pint of boiling; water; one to two ounces twice a day in 
retained enema. Much oftener in severe cases. 

7. Boneset, Thorough wort (Eupatorim Perfoliatum).— Leaves and 
flowers almost a pure relaxant of the muscular structure of the stomach, 
gall ducts, bowels and uterus, but also affects the nervous peripheries 
and skin. One ounce of powder infused in a quart of water; one to 
three ounces of this fluid in retained enema. Given cold, it promotes 
the secretion of bile and the action of the bowels; given warm, it pro- 
motes slow, gentle perspiration. Gives relief to the aching of limbs in 
recent colds and rheumatism. Not good in relaxed conditions. 

8. Boracic Acid.— A teaspoonful in a quart of water as an anti- 
septic. 

9. Butternut, White Walnut, (Juglans Cinerea).— The inner bark 
of the root is a slow relaxing and stimulating cathartic, affecting the 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 295 

•gall ducts and gall cyst, and muscular fibers and mucus membranes of 
the bowels. Good in jaundice, biliousness, chronic costiveness, chronic 
and sub-acute diarrhoea, camp diarrhoea, irritable piles; not good in 
dysentery. Digest two ounces of the crushed bark in a quart of hot 
water two hours; strain with strong pressure; evaporate to one-half 
pint, add one-half ounce tincture of ginger; dose, one ounce in a 
retained enema twice a day. 

10. Catnip (Xepeta Cataria).—Kerh ; diffusive relaxant, diaphoretic 
and anti-spasmodic. Of special use in colic and restlessness of 
children, to relieve dysmenorrhea and difficult menstruation, nervous 
headache, hysteria and scanty urination. 

(a) Digest one-half ounce of herb ten minutes in a pint of water 
much below boiling point, and strain with pressure. Use the whole as 
a flush, or one-half as retained enema. Repeat at pleasure. 

(b) Cut up fresh herb, add under moderate pressure a small quan- 
tity of 30 per cent, alcohol, stand twenty-four'hours, then put under 
powerful pressure. Preserve juice. A teaspoon!' ui for nervous convul- 
sions of children. 

(c) The juice obtained by 6, combined with equal quantities of 
essence of anise and fluid extract of valerian, makes a valuable anti- 
spasmodic nervine. One to two teaspoonfuls, as required. 

11. Cleavers, Goose Grass, Bed Straw (Galium A}ja rinc).— Herb; 
-oothing relaxant to kidneys and bladder. Suited to scalding urine, 
oxalic acid gravel, irritation at the neck of the bladder. Digest two 
ounces in a quart of tepid water one-half hour, strain with pressure. 
Retained enema of one to three ounces three times a day. 

12. Cinchona Bark. .Peruvian Bark, Jesuits Bark (Cinchona).— 
Bark; slow and permanent astringing stimulant to the nervous struc- 
"ures, acting first on the sympathetic nerves, then on the sensory 
nerves, and finally on spinal cord and brain, inducing a marked state 
of tension. Valuable in atony and laxative tissues, and consequent 
excesses of secretion. Not good when structures are tense, tongue and 
Throat dry, secretions deficient, or in febrile or inflammatory excite- 
ments. For ague chills, a hot caecal flush three hours before the chill; 
two hours before chill a retained enema of seven or eight grains, 
repeated one hour before the chill. As a tonic, two to three grains in 
retained enema two or three times a day. 

13. Coffee.— Half a cup, moderately strong, as a retained enema 
for a nervous stimulant, in fatigue and depression. 

14. Corx Silk, fluid extract. — One teaspooiii'ul in a retained enema 
two or three times a day for chronic cystitis. 

15. Cream of Tartar (Bitartratc of Potassa).— Cooling, diuretic 
and cathartic. A dram in a eaeeal or sigmoid flush. 

10. Daxdeliox {Taraxacum Dens-Leonis). — The root is a mild 
relaxing tonic alterative, chiefly affecting liver, small intestines and 
kidneys. Should not be used when stomach or bowels are irritable. 
Digest four ounces of the bruised root an hour in one and one-halt 
pints hot water, boil a few minutes and strain. One to three ounces in 
a retained enema twice a day. 

17. Grant's Solomon's Seal (Con vala ria Multiflora).— Mild, relax- 
ing and stimulating tonic; chief effect, diminishing excessive mucus 
discharges. Specially useful in all forms of female weakness, chronic 
coughs with excessive mucus discharges. Bruised root three ounces, 
boiling water twenty ounces; macerate an hour in covered vessel 
with gentle heat, add one dram each of caulophillum and grated 
orange peel, stand ten minutes, and strain; two ounces three times a 
day as retained enema. 

18. Goldex Seal, Yellow Puccoon, Ohio Keren ma, Ground Rasp- 
berry (Hydrastis Canadensis). — Root; pure stimulating tonic, but with 
relaxing properties. Acts slowly and for several hours, especially 
upon mucus membrane of the digestive tract and the female organs. 
Never excites the pulse, but sooths the irritation of congestive condi- 
tions of mucus membranes. Specially useful in leuchorrhcea, catarrh 
of the bladder, second stage of dysentery, chronic diarrhoea and dys- 
entery or chronic typhoid, ulceration of the bowels, gleet, second stages 



296 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



of gonorrhoea, chronic prostatitis, chronic jaundice and cellular 
dropsy. Not to be used in acute irritations. Five to fifteen grains in 
a retained enema twice a day. Large doses for depressed conditions. 
(b) Hydrastine. — A resoinoid or alkaloid tonic. Dose, one to five 
grains, used in same way. Ten to fifteen grains as an antiperiodic. 

19. Hemlock, Hemlock Spruce (Abies Canadensis).— A tea of the 
inner bark is a very drying astringent, useful in all hemorrhages when 
pure astringents will answer. To a pint of the tea add a teaspoonful 
of ginger and one-fourth teaspoonful of red pepper, three quarts of 
warm or hot water, and use as a csecal flush for flooding and bleeding 
from the lungs. 

20. Hops.— A tonic and mild hypnotic. Five to ten hops infused 
in four ounces of hot water. A retained enema, or a very weak hop 
tea as a csecal flush, warm. 

21. Juniper (Juniperus Communis).— Berries; mild stimulant and 
relaxant, chiefly affecting kidneys and bladder. Not good in inflam- 
mation of kidneys or bladder. Especially good in retained uric acid. 
Crush one ounce of the berries and macerate in a pint of warm water 
one hour in covered vessel ; two ounces in retained enema thrice a day- 

22. Lady's Slipper, Nerve Root, Umbel, American Valerian. 
Moccasin Flower (Cypripedium Pubescens).— Roots; Pure relaxant, act- 
ing slowly and upon the nervous system only. Soothe and calm the 
entire system, ease pain, induce quiet and sleep. Of special use in 
hysteria, headache, sleeplessness from feebleness and irritability of 
nerves, chorea, neuralgia, neuralgic rheumatism, and the late stages of 
fevers. Too relaxing to be often used alone. Ten to thirty grains in 
retained enema, as needed. Use stimulants or tonics also. 

23. Lobelia, Emetic Weed, Indian Tobacco, Eye Bright (Lobelia 
Jnflata).—Hei'h; a pure relaxant. Transient, acting most upon the 
fauces, glands and mucous membranes of the mouth and respiratory 
organs, but reaching every part of the body. Small doses every thirty 
1,6 fifteen minutes relax 'first the capillaries and nerve peripheries, 
then the general circulation, then the muscular and glandular system- 
Especially appropriate in phrenitis, meningitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, 
hepatitis, peritonitis, nephritis and periostitis, and all forms of fever; 
also to relieve nervous suffering, as acute hysteria, delirium tremens 
and the like. Should not be used in gangrene. Of peculiar advantage 
in spasmodic asthma and whooping cough, strangury, occlusion of the 
gall ducts and strangulated hernia. Not good in humid asthma nor 
the difficult breathing of heart disease. Very effective in rigidity of 
os during labor, in hour-glass contraction of the uterus, and in all inef- 
fectual forms of labor in which the uterine fibers are rigid. Not good 
in diphtheria, malignant scarlatina, typhus and typhoid fever after 
the first few days, nor in puerperal or pleuritic fevers when effusion is 
present. Excellent to aid in reducing dislocations. If carried to com- 
plete relaxation a free discharge of bile, perspiration, urine and faeces 
follows. Not good in diseases in which relaxation is already present. 
As a mild relaxant, one to two grains an hour; as a medium' relaxant, 
two to five grains an hour; as a strong relaxant, ten to fifteen grains 
an hour; as an emetic, forty to sixty grains. As a retained enema, one 
to three grains every two or three hours until the system begins to 
relax, then double or treble the dose for the effect desired. Infusion, 
a dram to a half pint of water considerably below the boiling point. 

24. Mandrake, or May Apple (Podojihyllum Peltafum).— Root; a 
slow, persistent stimulant to salivary glands, mucus membranes, gall 
ducts, liver and kidneys. Excites the uterus, ovaries and bladder. 
Not to be used with any irritability of any internal organs. Full dose 
as a cathartic fifteen grains. 

(a) Podophylliii is a resin oid from the roof. Full dose one to two 
grains in a retained enema. 

25. Marsh Mallows (Althea Officinalis), soothing to mucus mem- 
branes. — Root; simmer an ounce of root in a pint of water, add one- 
half dram of Lobelia herb. One to two ounees as retained enema 
every four hours. 

26. Mullein ( Verbascus Thapsus).—T\\Q leaves ; relaxant, soothing, 
moderately anti-spasmodic. Of special use in promoting absorption . in 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 29*3 



cellular dropsy, chronic abscesses and pleuritic effusions. Make a 
strong decoction of the leaves; wilt other leaves in this and bind on 
the part. Also for synovial dropsy, scrofulous and other swellings* 
though not on carbuncles, buboes, cancers and the like. Mix the 
decoction with equal quantities of sassafras tea, and give two to four 
ounces as a retained enema. Boil an ounce of the leaves in a quart of 
milk, and give two to four ounces as a retained enema in diarrhcea 
and dysentery every two to four hours. 

27. Baptisia Tixctoria, Wild Indigo, Indigo Broom, Rattle Bush 
Horsefly Weed, Indigofera. — For devitalized, foetid conditions, scrofu- 
lous, syphilitic and atonic rheumatic cases. One-half ounce of root- 
bark or leaves boiled a few minutes in a pint of water. A tablespoon- 
ful as a retained enema every three or four hours. Antiseptic, positive 
stimulant, mildly relaxant. 

28. Foil Constipation.— Two quarts hot water, one teaspoonful 
of molasses, one teaspoonful of strong suds of castile or ivory soap ► 
As a sigmoid or caecal flush. 

29. Poke Berries, Scoke, Garget, Coakum, Pigeon Berry (Phyto- 
lacca Decandr a). — Glandular relaxants. Especially useful in scrofula, 
salt rheum and similar affections, chronic and sub-acute rheumatism- 
Crush the berries, and to each pint add a half pint of whisky. A table- 
spoonful in three ounces of retained enema twice or thrice a day. 

30. Quinine. — Like Cinchona bark but much more powerful. One- 
grain represents thirty to fifty of bark. As an antiseptic, ten grains 
to a quart of water as a flush. As a tonic, two or three grains in a 
retained enema. 

31. Salt {Chloride of Sodium). — Stimulant and antiseptic. One to* 
two teaspoonfuls in a rectal injection, lukewarm for pinworms. Tea- 
spoonful in retained enema every hour for four hours for ague chills- 
Two teaspoonfuls in caeca] or sigmoid Hush to hasten evacuation. 

32. Sassafras.— The bark, an aromatic and relaxant stimulant* 
diaphoretic and nervine. Acts especially on the capillary tissues and 
the absorbants. Infuse in warm, not boiling water. 

33. Scullcap. Blue Scullcap, Hood- Wort (ScitteJarkt Lacteriflora)- 
—Herb; must not be boiled. Equally relaxant and stimulant, anti- 
spasmodic and tonic, acting upon and through the nerves. Specially 
suited to wakeful conditions and feebleness, such as typhoid, clelirium 
tremens, abstention from opium, also in uterine sufferings, nervous 
headaches, neuralgia. Not good in inflammatory conditions. One- 
half ounce digested in a pint of warm water. One to two ounces in 
retained enema two to four times a day. 

34. Smart-Weed, Water Pepper (Polygonum Hydropiper). — Herb:: 
sharp, diffusive stimulant, moderately relaxing. Increases capillary 
action, free warm perspiration and expeetoration and the flow of the 
menses when checked by exposure. Useful in all crampings, neural- 
gic pains, and congestive pains of the abdominal and pel vie organs. 
Half an ounce of dry herb digested in a quart of water not above 150 _ 
One to three fluid ounces in sigmoid or caecal flush, warm or hot, often 
as needed. 

35. Spikenard, Spignet, Pettymorrel (Aralia Racemosa).—Root; 
prompt, mild relaxant, slightly stimulating to the mucus membrane 
and skin. A soothing expectorant, and slightly tonic. Specially val- 
uable in bronchial and pulmonary congestions, measles and the like. 
Moderately strong tea used as a retained enema three or four times a 
day. 

36. SUMACH, Upland Sumach (Rhus Glabra).— The same general 
character as Witch Hazel but much stronger. One-half ounce of leaves 
to a quart of boiling water, simmered ten minutes (not in an iron ves- 
sel). One to two ounces as retained enema two or three times a day. 
The bark of root is excellent for laxity (not acute) of bowels, chronic 
and camp diarrhoea, intestinal hemorrhage and foul leucorrhcea. 

37. Wahoo, Spindle Tree, Indian Arrow Wood (Euonymus Atropnr- 
fiureus), E. Americana, Burning Bush, Strawberry Root.— Bark of the 
root; largely relaxant, moderately stimulant to the gall ducts, liver 



298 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



and bowels, slightly influencing stomach and kidneys. Excellent for 
intermediate treatment for ague, and in dropsy with torpid liver. 
Also in biliousness, some skin eruptions, persistent constipation and 
♦chronic liver complaints. Crushed bark two ounces, boiling water one 
quart. Digest one hour, strain with pressure. Two ounces in retained 
enema two or three times a day. 

38. White Ash, Grey Ash (Fraxinus Americana).— The bark; a 
slow but persistent stimulant, but especially relaxant to the gall ducts 
and the muscular fibers of the bowels. Also, diuretic. Useful in jaun- 
dice, biliousness, costiveness from liver torpor, and skin affections 
arising from bile. Also for snake bites. Two ounces of the crushed 
bark digested an hour in a quart of hot water, strained, evaporated to 
lialf pint, and an ounce of tincture of orange peel added. One to two 
iiuid ounces in retained enema two or three times a day. 

39. White Root, Pleurisy Root, Butterfly Weed, Swallowwort, 
Wind Root {Asclej)ias Tuber osa,).— Moot; cliff usable, relaxing, diapho- 
retic. Specially valuable to relieve arterial and nervous excitements. 
!Not suitable for depressed conditions, or when the pulse is small and 
feeble, or when perspiration is excessive. One ounce to a quart of 
boiling water, stand covered twenty minutes. Use with hot csecal or 
sigmoid flush, or two to four ounces as retained enema. 

40. White Snakeroot, Pool Root (Eupatorium Aaeratoides).— Root ; 
relaxant, stimulant, prompt and diffusive. One-half ounce to a quart 
of warm water. Two ounces as retained enema every two hours, given 
-cold, increases expectoration and urine. Given warm increases per- 
spiration and flow of blood to the surface, and thus given is very val- 
uable for the nervousness, restlessness and headache of ague, conges- 
tive chills and bilious intermittents. Not good in irritable or sensitive 
•conditions. Good in hysteria, painful or suppressed menstruation, 
and in tardy labor, with coldness and depression. 

41. Witch Hazel, Winter Bloom, Spotted Alder (Hamamelis Vir- 
giniana).— Leaves; mild, reliable astringent and gentle tonic, also a 
difusive relaxant. Specially useful in the second stages of dysentery 
and diarrhoea, hemorrhage from the bowels and bladder, catarrh of 
the bladder, nursing sore mouth, leueorrhoea, prolapsus, purulent 
ophthalmia. Two drams digested in a half pint of hot water. One to 
two ounces in retained enema every two to four hours. 

42. Yellow Dock, Curly Dock (Rumex Crispus).— The root is a slowly 
relaxing and stimulating alterant, leaving a mild tonic effect on the 
system. Acts chiefly upon the skin, gall ducts, intestines and kidneys. 
Especially A^aluable in scrofulous affections of the skin, and scrofulous 
ulcers and scrofulous diarrhoea. Boil two ounces of dry, crushed root 
ten minutes in a pint of water, strain by pressure. One or two ounces 
three times a clay as a retained enema. 

43. Onions. — Four large onions simmered several hours in a pint 
•of milk, and one-half the liquid used as a retained enema to promote 
urinary and perspiratory secretions and hasten absorption. Not to 
be used when there is acute irritation or inflammation. 

44. Myrrh (Balsamodendron Myrrha).— Must not be used in sensi- 
tiveness, irritation, deficient mucus secretions or febrile conditions, 
lh phlegmatic temperaments, atonic conditions with excessive mucus 
secretions, and coldness, it is valuable as a retained enema. Antisep- : 
tic; slow, mild stimulant, moderately astringent, with the effect of a 
stimulating tonic. Increases capillary circulation and the force of the 
pulse. Excellent in general debility of mucus membranes. Two to 
iive grains two or three times a day in retained enema. 

45. Absorbo-Astringent, Mullein and any one of the astringent 
articles best suited to the case.— Repeated as a retained enema two or 
more times a day. 

46. Camomile Flowers half an ounce, boiling water one pint. 
Macerate ten minutes. Good for scant and painful menstruation, used 
as csecal flush retained as long as practicable, and repeated if neces- 
sary, when the operation can be well borne; in other cases, first as a 
rectal flush, then three or four ounces as a retained enema. As a tonic 
one ounce cold, as retained enema three times a day. 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 299 

47. Camomile Flowers half an ounce, mallow leaves one ounce; 
steep in hot water ten minutes and use as a retained enema two or 
three times, then as sigmoid or csecal flush (small in quantity), plant- 
ing it at the seat of irritation if practicable, in irritation of the bowels. 

48. Wintergreen, Durberry, Chicken Berry, Partridge Berry, 
Mountain Tea, Box Berry (Gaultheria Procumbeus).— Leaves; relaxing, 
gently stimulating diffusive carminitive. The tea as a csecal or sig- 
moid "flush in flatulence, wind colic, etc. 

49. CAYENNE Pepper, Red Pepper (Capsicum Annuum).— The fruit 
is an intense, pure stimulant, spreading slowly but acting permanently, 
flrst upon the heart and large blood vessels, later the capillaries, 
increasing the power rather than the frequency of pulsations. Suit- 
able in all forms of depression and atony. A powerful antiseptic 
either externally or internally. Not good in inflammatory states with 
full, hard pulse. Average dose, one grain in elm, gum arable or starch 
water or molasses. 

23. The New Method Cure of W. E. Forest. This 
is published as a prescription for patients. The doctor holds 
that the proper place for drugs is in acute diseases, but in 
chronic diseases other measures are more important. Drugs 
should be used, if at all, temporarily, and in a secondary place. 
It claims to be a system founded upon a number of principles, 
namely, diet, exercise, colon and stomach flushing, and mas- 
sage. For the last purpose he employs some mechanical expe- 
dients, as the muscle roller, muscle beater, and the like. His 
system of exercises is good, his forced respiration very com- 
mendable, and his directions for diet, in certain cases, of such 
value that we quote as follows : 

Anti-Ferment Diet.— On first awakening in the morning take a 
cup of hot, not warm, water, sipped slowly. Then rub and knead, or 
Toll, the stomach for five minutes. Then rise and take a little non- 
fatigueing exercise, such as bending over and trying to touch the floor 
a few times, crawling around the room on hands and feet three times, 
and spend ten minutes in taking as deep breaths as possible. Then 
Test until breakfast time. 

Breakfast— Two to four broiled mutton chops, seasoned to taste, 
and eaten hot with plenty of toasted or stale bread and butter; food 
at all the meals to be well chewed, and cheerful conversation to be 
indulged in ad libitum. No drinks with the breakfast. 

At 11.30 a. m., another cup of hot water. At 12.30, noon, dinner of 
"beefsteak chopped to a pulp, rolled into a cake and broiled over a hot 
fire, after having been salted and peppered to taste. Plenty of stale 
bread or toast, or zwieback, or Italian stick bread, any or all of these 
^taken with butter as desired. No limit as to quantity; the ax^petite 
the guide. 



300 THE SECRET OF HEALTlf. 

At 5.30 p. m. the hot water; at 6.30, supper; cold roast beef or mnt- 
ton, with salad or mustard dressing, and bread and butter; or the 
chopped beefsteak instead of the cold meat. If dinner has been hearty 
a light supper will do. 

At the end of the week, if all goes well, a little change may be 
made in the dinner. Roast tender beef or mutton, or the dark meat- 
of chickens, may be substituted for the chopped steak at noon. 
During the second week a few cooked greens may be added to the 
dinner bill of fare. No sweets, no fruits, no tea, no potatoes, no 
indulgencics. 

Fourth week, a little mashed potatoes, with roast meat; juices 
mixed may be tried. Gradually one tiling after another may be added, 
but sweets and vegetables must always be taken sparingly. 

In cases of fermentation of food, where the system has not 
yet become profoundly affected by the absorption of the yeast 
germs, the foregoing is an excellent diet. 

24. The Inhalation Cure. — The simplest idea of inha- 
lation is that of drawing in the breath, and is usually accom- 
plished automatically, L e., machine like, without special 
thought concerning it, or will to secure it. It is one of the 
vegetative processes of animal life which goes on of itself as 
long as life lasts. However, when the word is used in medical 
relations it adds to the simple idea, that of voluntary inspira- 
tion, as in forced, deep breathing. Also, the inspiration of 
vapors and gases in either or both the methods named. Still 
further, inhalation, as a remedy, embraces the idea of being 
timed to secure a certain result, i. e. , the inspirations contin- 
ued to a certain period, a definite number of times every hour r 
day or week. 

The means employed are various : By fluids heated and 
the steam conveyed to the mouth or nose ; by fluids atomized 
and the air, loaded with the atoms, inhaled ; by fluids saturat- 
ing fabrics, sponges, absorbent cotton, etc., and the air drawn 
through the saturated material into the lungs; by powders 
drawn or blown into the respiratory orifices ; by solids looseljr 
packed in tubes through which the air is inhaled ; by gases 
mixed with air and inspired ; by gases breathed for a time in 
place of air ; by gases passed through medicated solutions and 
inhaled. 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 301 

The physiological effects of inhalation can be best under- 
stood by a brief resume of the process of inhalation. 

By a downward movement of the diaphragm (floor of the lungs) 
and an expansive movement of the walls of the chest, the air is drawn 
into the bronchial tubes down as far as the second or third bifurcation 
(forking) of the bronchi, with the rush of an unobstructed stream. 
Thence onward into the air cells, the stream is continued through the 
minute centers of the bronchi, while all around the centers the epi- 
thelial cells lining the tubes are armed with cilia (hair-like append- 
ages) which keep up a constant motion outwardly, thus surrounding 
the indriven outer air stream with an outward-carried inner air cur- 
rent. By this process a kind of suction pump effect is caused w r ithin 
the air cells, producing in the intervals betw T een inspirations a partial 
vacuum in each cell, which removes, to some extent, the atmospheric 
pressure from its walls, when the carbon-dioxide (carbonic acid) that 
is in the blood passes at once into the cells, and is hurried outward by 
the ciliary action of the bronchi. Meantime an inspiration has carried 
a fresh supply of pure air down through all the centers into the air 
cells, and a portion of its oxygen slips through the Avails of the blood 
vessels into the blood, just as the carbon dioxide had slipped out of 
the blood into the air cells. By this interchange of gases the blood is 
relieved of its burden of impurities that has been gathered from the 
tissues ; the carbon dioxide expelled and water being two of the final 
-compound products of all the chemical changes that the substance of 
the tissues have undergone, in their passage downward, from molecu- 
lar death in and by activity, into their original, inorganic, elemental 
condition ; for, as we are made of gases, so to gases do we continually 
return. (The few mineral constituents of our bodies are excreted 
through the bowels, kidneys and skin, and need not to be considered 
in this connection.) 

The oxygen that lias passed through the Avails of the air-cells into 
the blood, has a much more dignified work to do. The blood is filled 
with the fluid nutriment that has been poured into it as the product of 
digested food; but that food is yet dead matter. Oxygen thrills it 
into life-plasma fit for the myriad little Avorkmen of the tissues to 
build into new tissue structures. 

The animal heat must be maintained; oxygen finds the iron-mole- 
cules of the blood and burns them as coal is consumed in the parlor 
grate. 

The nerves need a vital stimulant, and the chemical action of the 
oxygen upon the iron, in the burning process, generates electric exci- 
tations that quicken the nerA-e vitality from the largest nerve-centers 
to the outermost filaments of the extremities. 



30$ THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Thus oxygen performs the one vitalizing part in the whole round 
of life processes. 

It is the magic wand that life uses with which to hold in check the 
chemical forces that are incessantly seeking to disorganize the frame 
by decomposing the tissues, and so long as vitality can thus be sus- 
tained, life will be triumphant. 

Inhalations of oxygen, or pure air, therefore mean constant rein- 
forcements of the blood-supply that is incessantly battling against 
the forces of destruction . 

Hence nature has ordained that about eighteen times in every 
minute, every adult shall inspire sufficient oxygen to keep up the 
struggle until his allotted time is reached, when., like a "run-down 
machine," the weary wheels of life shall stand still, not because 
there is no more oxygen to be had, but because the balance of life- 
adjustment can no longer be upheld. 

But while it is sustained, there come frequent periods when forced 
inspirations must be resorted to, as in lifting heavy weights, leaping, 
etc., in order to keep up the equipoise between expenditure and 
income. 

So, in disease, it is sometimes instinctive, and often beneficial, to 
employ artificial means to deepen the breathing, and thus more fully 
oxygenate the blood. 

As air is a vehicle, it has naturally occurred to very many to use it 
as a means of transit for other substances which it has been deemed 
important should be brought into contact with the pulmonary tissues. 

Thus, inhalation has come to be a system of cure, as well as a nat- 
ural process. 

Inhalation carries the inhaled substance into the cells of 
the lungs and expands them. Were there no other benefit, in 
many cases this would be sufficient to warrant the method. 
The healthf ulness of mountain-regions and mountain-climbing 
is owing largely to the forced expansion attending the inspira- 
tion of the rarified air, and to the muscular exertion that 
increases it. 

Inhalation also carries the inhaled substance, if a gas, 
directly into the blood by the law of diffusion of gases ; and if 
a vapor, or an odor, it is absorbed to an extent, and with a 
rapidity depending upon the nature of the substance ; in some 
cases permeating the general circulation much more quickly 
than it would if taken into the stomach. Inhalation also mod- 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 30$ 

ifies the temperature of the air passages. This is sometimes 
extremely essential. When the lungs are congested, the 
breath is hot and dry, an atmosphere laden with moisture and 
tempered to the condition, is as grateful to the sufferer as 
water is to one who is scorching in the flame of a violent gen- 
eral fever. Further, inhalation affects the nerves locally, and 
through the blood, in all the nerve-centers of the frame. 
Every one of the millions of air cells is meshed all over with a 
delicate net work of nerves and blood vessels. Inhalation, 
with deft fingers, touches every one of these myriad of tiny 
nerve points, and thrills, or soothes, according to its nature. 

Inhalation is, therefore, very effective in blood and nerve 
diseases, and can often be employed to better advantage than 
drugs. In fact, one of the most valuable adaptations of inha- 
lation is to protect the stomach from the effects of drug medi- 
cation. By inhalation the patient is often saved from the 
depressing nervous dread that may attend the use of stomach. 
remedies. The mechanical effect of inhalation is always ben- 
eficial — the operation is essentially one of health. Inhalations 
act locally, and the inhaled substance can act unmodified. 

Take a Case of Ordinary Spring Biliousness in a young lady who- 
has been housed in all the winter, and whose pallid cheeks and listless 
air at once suggest "a course of spring medicine." What is better? 
Just this. Let her rise at 6 a. m., don a pair of good stout shoes, a loose 
dress without corset or stays, and with sufficient wraps to keep her 
from chills if she sits on a fence to rest, let her walk one-half a mile to 
the highest point she can find at that distance, and when there take 
ten deep, long, slow, way down inspirations in pairs, resting a few 
minutes between each two; then return and lie down if necessary, 
well covered, until thoroughly rested. Then drink one-half to one 
pint of hot water, and twenty minutes later take a breakfast of brown 
bread, beef steak and baked potatoes. For dinner give her brown 
bread, boiled meat or poultry, one kind of vegetables, and for dessert 
one kind of fruit. 

In the afternoon, attired for the same freedom of movement, she 
may walk or saunter to precisely the same spot as in the morning,, 
repeat the ten inspirations, rest, then take a moderately deep breath 
and move swiftly as much further as she can comfortably before 
drawing another breath. That spot will be her goal the next morning, 



304 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

and a like distance beyond it the next afternoon. Her supper should 
be brown bread with butter, one kind of fruit, a glass of hot lemonade, 
or a cup of very weak black tea and a speedy retirement from the 
table before the cake is passed. At 8.30 a sponge bath of strong salt 
water with much friction of coarse towel in her own hand, and in bed 
by nine o'clock, with a window slightly open for free ventilation. 
Then six to ten very quiet, but deep inspirations ; then the sleep of 
the just. 

The next morning away for the goal, and that afternoon plant it 
the prescribed distance beyond, and so on every day for four weeks, 
and our word for it, she will be better than if she had taken all the 
tonics and blood purifiers of the apothecary shops, and had eight 
visits of the family doctor thrown in. - 

25. The Biochemic Cure. — This was originated 
twenty years ago by Dr. Schussler, of Oldenburg, Germany, 
and has been regarded as a branch of homoeopathy, but this 
is a mistake. Its fundamental ideas are : 

(1) The structure and vitality of the organs of the body 
are dependent upon certain necessary quantities and appor- 
tionments of the mineral salts existing naturally in the blood. 
<2) Disease is some disturbance of either or both the quantity 
and apportionment of some one or more of those inorganic 
(called cell) salts. (3) The particular disturbance is indicated 
hy the symptoms of the disease. (4) What is necessary to 
remove the disease is to restore the lost balance, by the admin- 
istration of the salt indicated by the symptoms. (5) The 
twelve tissue remedies are these salts, either singly or in dual 
combinations. 

These salts are potash, lime, silica, iron, magnesium, 
sodium, phosphorus, sulphur, fluorine and chlorine. This 
system has the advantage of being perfectly harmless, and, at 
the same time, efficient, but it requires a skill in diagnosis that 
places it beyond the successful use of any but very acute 
observers. 

26. The Densmore Preliminary Treatment.— 
The general outline of this treatment is excellent, but may be 
advantageously modified in many cases. Its rules are thus 
briefly epitomized : 



SPECTAL TREATMENTS. 305 

No food for forty-eight hours. After that continue the fast until 
the patient has deckled hunger. Administer frequent copious draughts 
of soft hot water; after the second day, substitute cold water if 
desired. Apply heat to the feet and cold to the head. 

If there be pain anywhere, apply hot fomentations. In severe 
pain of stomach or bowels, give one-half pint of hot (132°) water every 
:ftve or eight minutes until relieved. Administer an herb tea cathartic 
once in twenty-four hours until there is a thorough movement. (He 
does not name any particular cathartic, hence we suggest mandrake, 
aloes, berberis or butternut.) Induce free perspiration by a hot bath. 
After the pain yields, give a bath of warm soft water to one part after 
another, rubbing each dry as the process goes on. If pain returns 
-after the first relief, give another sweat before the bath. The first 
food should be beef, unit ton or chicken. 

2 7. The Ivneipp Cure.— About thirty-six years ago Se- 
bastian Kneipp, now parish priest of Worishaf en, Bavaria, then 
a student, broken down by excessive study in order to become a 
priest, read a little book on water cure and began to practice 
its instructions. He regained his health, and for several years 
devoted himself zealously to his parish work. Also, being 
benevolently disposed, and sympathizing with the suffering, 
especially of the poorer classes, he freely prescribed water 
treatment for them. His success was such that at length 
many sought to avail themselves of his skill, until now it is 
widely used in Europe by all classes. Numerous great institu- 
tions make a specialty of it, and the cures effected have been 
marvelous. Since he published, in 1886, his system of water 
healing, more than two hundred thousand copies in thirty-three 
editions have been issued in various languages. His system is 
unlike the practice of the ordinary water cure establishments, 
and the essence of his theory may be found in this statement. 

"According to my present convictions, now fixed for seventeen 
years, and tested by innumerable cures, he who knows how to apply 
the water in the plainest, easiest, most simple way, will produce the 
most profitable effects and the safest results. Three times I found 
myself induced to change my system, to loosen the strings, to descend 
from strictness to softness, from great to still greater softness." 

He holds that disease is disturbed circulation, or corrupted ingredi- 
ents of the blood, and that cure consists in correcting the irregularity 

'20 



306 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

of the blood circulation, or evacuating the morbid matters from among: 
its constituents. 

Water cures by (1) dissolving the morbid matters in the blood, 
(2) by evacuating what is dissolved, (3) making the cleansed blood cir- 
culate rightly again, and (4) hardening the enfeebled organism. 

The applications that Kneipp uses are wet sheets, baths, 
vapor baths, shower baths, ablutions, water bandages and 
water drinking. In general the dissolving is brought about 
by the vapors and by the hot baths of medicinal herbs. The 
evacuations are caused by the water bandages, and partly by 
the shower baths and wet sheets. Strengthening is induced 
by the cold baths, the shower baths, and partly by the ablu- 
tions, and finally by the entire system of hardening. 

His maxim is : "The gentler and more sparing, the better 
and more effective." Many will think that this maxim is for- 
gotten when his means of hardening are named : Walking 
barefooted in wet grass, on wet stones, in newly fallen snow, 
or in cold water, with cold baths for arms and legs, and a knee 
shower with or without upper shower. But if proper atten- 
tion be given to his other directions, nothing but benefit may 
be expected. The application of ice has no place in his cure. 

To the water applications be adds about sixty simple herbs 
and oils, all of which are described and directions given for 
their use, with the exception of his "secretive oil," which is, 
undoubtedly, a mixture, of which croton oil is the efficient 
ingredient. To describe his treatments would be to copy a 
large part of the nearly 400 pages of his book, — which is well 
worth a study, — but the essential parts are incorporated (with 
modifications suggested by our own experience) in Our Doc- 
tor's Water Cure, in a following section. 

28. The Tractor Cure.— Dr. Perkins, of Connecticut, 
introduced the use of discs of different kinds of metal, which 
were applied over the affected parts with almost marvelous 
results in the relief of pain and removal of disease. It has 
been proved that wooden tractors had the same effect. Mag- 
nets have also been used, but with no better results. Charcot, 
of Paris, member of a committee appointed by the Societie de 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 307 

Biologie, attributed the effects to electricity, but Bennett, of 
England, disproved that, hence English physicians substituted 
the theory of " expectant attention." (Shoemaker and Aulde.) 
In reality it seems to be but a special application of mind 
cure, the chief field of its operation being hysteria and paraly- 
sis without organic lesion. 

29. The Earth Cure.— Dr. Addinell Hewson, of Phil- 
adelphia, introduced earth dressings twenty years ago. The 
mud baths of Pistyan, in Hungary, are famed all over the 
world for the relief of chronic rheumatic and gouty affections. 
Sir Spencer Wells also recommends such baths for bone dis- 
eases and metallic poisoning. Maizel has used white modeling 
clay for uncomfortable fullness and inflammation of the 
breasts. For local swellings and inflammation, ordinary brick- 
yard clay is one of the best of remedies. Boils, carbuncles 
and felons should be treated early, the clay kept moist, and 
calcium sulphide given internally. 

30. The Climate Cure consists in sending the patient 
to some climate not only different from his own, but which fur- 
nishes such qualities of moisture, temperature, elevation, and 
shelter or exposure, as will best fit his particular infirmities. 
Intelligent prescriptions in this direction presuppose a knowl- 
edge of the latitude, longitude and altitude of resorts in ques- 
tion, as well as their proximity to ocean, lake or river, and 
their situation in regard to mountain, plain or valley, and 
marsh or timber land. Knowledge of the temperature should 
embrace both extremes, because while the mean may be equa- 
ble, there may be 40° difference between night and day. At 
Fort Yokon, Alaska, the day extremes are from 100° above to 
70° below zero. 

The effect of the climate upon the development of diseases 
and the longevity of its people should also be known. Whether 
it is a spring, summer, fall, winter, or all the year resort, is 
also important. The character of the soil and water supply 
should not be overlooked. 

What are the facts and principles upon which a change of 
climate should be predicated ? The facts have relation to five 



308 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

supreme needs of the patient, namely : (1) More complete 
oxidation. (2) Greater healthful assimilation. (3) More thor- 
ough elimination. (4) More rest. (5) Increased activity. 
Some invalids may not have one or two of these needs, but in 
general they are absolute. The facts also have relation to 
various local conditions. 

1. Humidity or Moisture.— Moisture and equability of tempera- 
ture always go together. The point of saturation, that is, when fog*- 
and dews are produced as a natural condition, is often found on the 
sea coast, while on the eastern plains of the Rocky Mountains the sat- 
uration is little more than half as much. For example, New Orleans 
gives 5.6 grains of vapor per cubic foot of air, while Denver has 
only 1.91. 

2. Temperature, which includes not only the mean for the yeai\ 
but the absence of great extremes, and sudden violent variations. 
Low temperature is favorable because of the greater expansion of the 
inspired air, thus stretching open the air cells. Cold contracts; heat 
expands ; hence when air at 20° above zero is inhaled, the heat of the 
body instantly expands it to a far greater degree than when inspired 
at 60°. 

Cold stimulates, while heat depresses. Cold also checks the for* 
mation of disease germs. According to Koch, the tubercular microbe 
thrives best at 98 : to 100°, while its growth ceases entirely below 82° 
and above 107°. 

Heat lessens the number of respirations per minute from 16.5 in 
England to 12.7 in the tropics, and lessened the amount of air respired 
from 239 cubic inches at 54° F., to 195 at 82°, a difference of over 38 cubic 
feet in twenty-four hours. 

Heat is opposed to stimulation, so far as the nervous system is con- 
cerned. "In experiments on frogs, when a temperature much above 
the natural amount is applied to nerves, the electrical currents 
through them are lessened and iit last stop," says Eckhard Henle. 

Dr. Bodington affirms that cold, pure air, at the interior surf ace of 
the lungs does more to heal ulcers than any other means. Under cer- 
tain conditions cold is also sedative, producing the most refreshing 
sleep. 

3. Altitude, or height above sea-level, the importance of the fact 
consisting in the rarefaction of the air and its increased purity. The 
superficial area of a man's body is reckoned at sixteen square feet. 
Atmospheric pressure is three pounds less per square inch at an eleva- 
tion of 6000 feet than at the sea-level. This relieves man of an outside 
pressure of 7000 pounds. Leibas Kuhn, endorsed by Dal ton, computed 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 309 

Ike area of the respiratory surface in both lungs to be 1,400 square feet, 
£$ual to 870 times as much as the surface area, hence at that elevation 
the lungs are relieved of a pressure of 012,500 pounds. 

The first effect is, respiration is more frequent. After awhile it 
becomes much deeper. A corresponding increase of the circulation 
occurs throughout the lung tissue, thus removing the stasis of the 
blood, which is an early stage of inflammation, loosening up and 
throwing off botli the morbid deposits which predispose to congestion 
and the products of inflammation. This improved respiration and cir- 
culation are followed by increased digestion and nutrition, more com- 
plete oxygenation of the tissues and more thorough elimination of 
effete material, with correspondingly improved general condition. 

Electric Tension in the atmosphere is increased with elevation. 
With a clear sky the electricity of the air is always positive. The con- 
tinued mediumship of the human body between the negative ground 
And the positive air, whether one is on foot or on horseback, is a con- 
stant renewal of vitality. Here is the secret of the great utility of 
.camping out and roughing it in dry, elevated countries (Dr. T. W. Miles), 
and is one of the most important elements of cure for the invalid. 

Air is Rarified one-fifth at an altitude of 6000 feet. The objection is 
made that this greater ratification diminishes the oxygen supply, but 
this overlooks the difference in temperature. Lombard has shown 
that as much oxygen is had at an elevation of 3000 feet with a temper- 
ature at 32°, as at the sea level with a temperature of 65°, with the 
Added benefit of the stimulated respiration by the cold. 

From an elevation of 8000 feet in the southwestern part of the 
United States, to about 4000 on our northern boundary, there is an 
approximate immunity from phthisis, testified to by Jourdanets, 
Weber, Jaccond, Denison, Lombard, Williams, Kuchenneister, 
Bremer, Archibald, Smith, Fuchs, Mobry, Spengler, Kirch and 
43uilbert. 

Until acclimated there is increase, both in frequency and depth of 
respiration. The increase in depth is permanent. 

Transpires More Water.— Dr. Dennison has shown that at Denver, 
Colo., an ordinary man transpires eight ounces more of water from 
his lungs in one day than at Jacksonville, while at Cheyenne, Wy., in 
winter the excess is thirteen ounces over Charlestown, S. C, in sum- 
mer; and if the modifying effects of exercise be added, the difference 
is over one pint a day. The value of this fact is seen in the diminished 
moisture of the lungs, that furnishes a convenient medium for the 
growth of the microbes of disease; and in the solvent and carrying 
>ower of the exhaled vapor transporting noxious matters out of the 
Jangs.J 



310 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Dr. Boyd Cornick has ably controverted these views, affirming that, 
dryness is the only quality that is really beneficial, whether at high 
or low altitudes; and that the good arises, not as Dr. Dennison claims, 
from the increased transpiration of aqueous vapor from the lungs, but 
from the rapid evaporation of serum transuding from the engorged 
superficial capillaries of inflamed pulmonary areas. In our view, both 
are right, and the processes are, perhaps, equally valuable. 

Higher altitudes also enjoy immunity from bacteria. In July, 1883, 

Miguel found no bacteria in the air of Switzerland at an elevation of 

from 6,500 to 3,000 feet, but in 35 cu.bic feet of air on the Lake of Thun 

he found eight bacteria, near a hotel on the lakeside 25, in a room of 

the hotel 600, in the park at Montsouris 7,600, and in the air of Paris 

50,000. 

4. Sunshine.— The number of days in a year in which the sun is not 
obscured by clouds is important. The variation of cloudiness ranges 
from above 60 per cent, of the time over the interior lake-region, to 
less than thirty over Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. 

Dr. Miles asserts that the beneficial effects of sunshine increase 
with high altitudes. Lombard states that light stimulates and dark- 
ness impedes respiration, which is in accordance with the facts stated 
on Pages 8 and 9 of this treatise. 

5. The Soil.— Remembering that for every inch of rainfall one hun- 
dred tons of water fall on es^ery acre, the character of the soil becomes 
of great importance in determining the healthfulness of any locality. 
Heavy clay soils retain a large portion of the surface drainage, to 
return its d leterious contents in unhealthful exhalations, or in the 
solutions which constitute the drinking supply. On the other hand, 
light sandy soils, being more permeable by the sunbeams and gases, 
undergo a constant process of purification, by which the decayed pro- 
ducts of vegetation and surface drainage become decomposed anj 
harmless. 

6. The Water Supply stands closely related with the character 
of the soil, and from a hygienic standpoint is of no less consequence. 
Sandy soils allow the surface water to percolate long distances, becom- 
ing, thereby, natural filters which pour forth their purified products in 
sparkling streams of the purest water. If the reader will turn back to 
Page 11 he will find facts which strikingly illustrate the importance of 
this element in estimating the comparative advantages of different 
localities. 

7. Shelter.— By this is meant not equability, but the proximity of 
mountain ranges protecting from cold and raw winds, also from the 
sudden and violent changes that come from being situated in ravines. 
Variability is desirable, violent changes the reverse. Variability and 
dryness go together, and often, from the damage that ensues, the 
change gets the blame that belongs to humidity, which is always 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 311 

excessive when the change is injurious. A moderate degree of change 
is required, in order to properly tone the system, as no climates are so 
debilitating as those that are most warm and equable. 

8. Ozone is nature's disinfectant, resolving all putrescent matter 
into its primitive and harmless forms. Dr. Shrieber, of Vienna, says 
that the turpentine exhaled from pine forests possesses, to a greater 
degree than all other bodies, the property of converting the oxygen of 
the air into ozone. The breaking of the water of falls into spray also 
produces ozone in large quantities. 

A stream of ozone passed through a mass of black, offensive and 
putrescent blood, effects a change in it as if by magic; immediately, 
as soon as the operation has commenced, all disagreeable odor is 
removed. If ozone be diffused through apartments or elsewhere, it 
not only disinfects by removing noxious vapors and poisonous germs, 
whatever their character may be, but being, itself, in the gaseous 
form, it is inhaled during respiration, and passing into the blood 
through the lungs, it oxidises the used-up and effete matters produced 
during assimilation and the renewal of various tissues, thus effecting 
a certain resistance to these pernicious influences if retained within 
the human body. (Dr. Day.) 

9. Drainage is a very important factor, because when deficient, 
poisonous products are constantly exhaled in the air and taken into 
the system through the water supply, as already stated. Sandy and 
loamy soils, with mountainous configurations, furnish the best soil 
and advantages for complete drainage. 

10. Clearness or Transparency of the Air.— This is a decided 
indication of its purity. As with water, the greater distance one can 
see through it the greater is its purity, so with air. 

Special Hints. — No climate should be regarded as curative, 
but simply palliative ; yet changes can often be made that will 
restore health and prolong life many years. 

Patients should rarely seek a change of climate after dis- 
ease has reached such a stage as to render home comforts 
absolutely imperative. These comforts may seem necessary, 
but many a consumptive owes his life to having left his luxu- 
rious New England home for a life on the plains of Colorado 
or Arizona. 

Patients afflicted with a particular disease should not seek 
a locality where that disease abounds. For example, in Flor- 
ence, Malta, and Maderia, consumption is prevalent among 
the native inhabitants ; therefore they are unfit refuges for 
consumptives from abroad. This reasoning has been abund- 
antly confirmed by experience. 



312 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

At Nice, which has been a favorite resort of English invalids, espe- 
cially those afflicted with lung complaints, there are more native 
inhabitants that die of these maladies than in any English town of 
equal population. Naples (only mentioned here by way of contrast), 
the climate of which is the theme of so much praise, shows in her hos- 
pitals a mortality by consumption equal to one in two and one-third, 
whereas in Paris, — whose climate is so often pronounced villainous — 
the proportion is only one in three and one-fourth. In Madeira no 
local disease is more common than consumption. 

The principles deduced from the foregoing facts are as 
follows : 

1. Concerning Humidity. — Consumption requires a dry 
air, because, as shown by Dr. Dennison, it has so much greater 
power to absorb the aqueous vapor from the lungs, and with 
it the germs of the disease. Thus, in 1883, with a mean tem- 
perature of 71.3° at Yuma, Arizona, and Jacksonville, Florida, 
a man at rest threw off 864 grains a day more at Yuma, which 
(on the basis of Dr. Edward Smith's calculation that a man 
walking three miles an hour at sea level consumes three times 
as much air as when at rest) gives about a gill more a day 
exhaled at Yuma than at Jacksonville. 

Dr. C. J. Williams, after a thorough analysis of 593 win- 
ters spent by 251 consumptive patients in foreign climates, 
says " the dry climates are the most likely to arrest the disease. ?r 

All invalids should seek the dryest air procurable, the rule 
being qualified only by these exceptions : 

First— In acute irritation of the respiratory passages, with dry, irri- 
table coughs and scant viscid expectorations. 

Second— In irritable, nervous diseases, with not much debility. 
Third— In old age, attended with nervous irritability or febrile 
tendencies. 

In the above conditions an atmosphere loaded with mois- 
ture may be a temporary benefit. The most desirable mean 
humidity is 68. Other local conditions of importance will be 
referred to in the following brief general rules, for guidance 
in the selection of an appropriate climate. 

1. Concerning Humidity. — Humidity and equability being 
always associated, there is an absence of the nervous stimula- 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 313 

•lion that characterizes dry and more elevated localities, and if 
the humidity be considerable it may have a sedative virtue. 

2. Concerning Temperature. — In tuberculous diseases, the 
coldest temperature available should be sought, provided it 
possesses the other necessary conditions of the climate for 
such cases. Individual adaptability should always be consid- 
ered. This may be best learned, as to temperature, by one'^ 
own experience in health, i. e., he should seek a colder or 
warmer climate, according as he has felt best in winter or 
summer when in health. 

3. Concerning Altitude. — When the usable area of the 
lungs barely supports respiration at low levels, it is unwise to 
seek higher, because the only compensation for the diminished 
oxygen (owing to the increased rarefaction of the air) is the 
added increase of the lung capacity. 

Only those invalids should seek high altitudes whose heart 
and blood vessels can bear the strain of the accelerated circu- 
lation, resulting from nature's effort to oxygenate the system 
with the diminished supply, excluding those who have serious 
heart weakness or existing pulmonary hemorrhage. 

Those of great nervous excitability should avoid high alti- 
tudes, because of their extra stimulation to the nervous system. 

4. Concerning Sunshine. — As the chief value of the sun- 
shine to the invalid is outdoor life, if the case has become toe 
critical for that, a change of climate seems scarcely desirable. 
The extent of the outdoor life should be measured only by the 
opportunities afforded by the sunshine and the physical capac- 
ity of the individual. A gradation may sometimes be of bene- 
fit, increasing the habits of outdoor life as the health improves^ 
and corresponding climates may be sought. 

5. Concerning the Soil, — A soil of sand or light loam 
should always be preferred to one of marsh or clay . for reasons 
already sufficiently detailed. An unfavorable soil may neu- 
tralize all the benefits accruing from other excellent climatic 
conditions. A favorable soil may secure benefits in the absence 
of other desirable conditions, that ordinarily would be attrib- 
uted to their operation. 



314 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

6. Concerning the Water Supply. — Pure spring water 
should be preferred to that of large lakes, rivers, or excavated 
wells. This is especially important in rheumatic and kidney 
diseases. Where the speckled trout is found, we may be sure 
that the streams are pure. 

7. Concerning Shelter. — Localities situated where, by the 
topography of the country, they are liable to become channels, 
through which storms gathered upon adjacent mountains are 
poured upon the plains below, should be avoided. 

Localities directly in the path of winds gathered over wide 
areas of cold water or snow-covered territory, should be 
shunned ; yet the shelter should not be so complete as to shut 
out the breezes necessary for invigoration. 

8. Concerning the Ozone Supply. — Whatever may be the 
ailment, the larger the supply of ozone in the air, the better is 
that feature of the climate for the invalid. Hence, other 
things being equal, proximity to the long-leaf turpentine pine 
forests (not the white pine) affords the best attainable supply 
of health-giving air. 

9. Concerning Drainage. — Where nature builds and 
flushes her own sewers independently of the effort of man, is 
where the invalid may be insured of immunity from the dele- 
terious effects of stagnation and accumulated decomposition. 

10. Concerning Clearness of the Air. — An atmosphere so 
transparent and pure, that meat hung in the open air cures 
perfectly without putrefaction, must be more favorable for the 
perfect elimination of effete and poisonous material from the 
system, than one where sight and sound are both greatly cir- 
cumscribed, and nitrogenous material can only be preserved 
lyj use of antiseptics. 

In the Application of these Principles, we have not the 
.material at hand for anything more than a casual comparison 
of some of the more noted places within our own borders. 

Aiken, S. C— Six hundred feet above sea, surrounded by pine for- 
ests; pure, tonic air; loose soil; mean temperature of November, Jan- 
uary, 48 V2 F. Pure water supply and excellent drainage. 

Ashville, N. C— Altitude 2350 feet. An all-the-year resort. Aver- 
age rainfall, 40.2 inches per year; mean temperature, 55.3°. Sheltered 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 315 



by mountain ranges on the east and west, soil sandy, excellent drain- 
age, and wind comparatively dry. Ratio of deaths for that vicinity, 
compared with New England, 30 to 250; compared with Minnesota and 
California, 30 to 150. 

California.— 1'aUeys wet and malarious. Daily variations of tem- 
perature from 80 to 100 days, to 40° or 30° nights. Mountains. High 
altitude and too great variation of temperature every twenty-four 
hours. Affects the nervous system and heart unfavorably. (Dr. Sam- 
uel Clark.) 

In the valleys of California the summer variations of temperature 
are from 100° in "the day to 30° in the night, causing rheumatism, neural- 
gia, and inflammation of the lungs. The mountains have but two sea- 
sons, the rainy and the dry. The daily variation of temperature is so 
great, together with the altitude, that nervous and liver diseases, 
rheumatism and inflammation of the lungs are prevalent. Some places 
in Southern California are free from these objections as a winter 
resort, and hence much frequented at that season and with benefit. 

Colorado furnishes almost any altitude or climate desired. Few 
changes or extremes are so severe as to prevent outdoor exercises, in 
•the more favored localities. Dry, sandy soil. Rains are short, and 
soon succeeded by bright sunshine. Winter temperature averages 29°. 
Drainage usually good; sheltered by the Rocky Mountains on the west. 
Altitude from 4,000 to 15,000. Little humidity and great clearness of the 
atmosphere. Water supply abundant and of the purest quality. Fogs 
and clouds are rare. 

El Paso, Texas.— Altitude 3,764 feet. Average of 53 days per annum 
when the temperature falls below 32°, the freezing point. Very dry; 
average cloudy days, 29.6 per year, or 2V2 per month. Annual rainfall 
is 12 inches. Least wind during winter months. An all-the-year cli- 
mate for invalids, and from Oct. 1 to May 1 almost perfect, with a mean 
temperature of 44 J in January. 

Denver.— According to the records of the signal service office of 
Denver, Col., from Jan. 1, 1873, to Sept. 1, 1878, sixty-eight months, there 
were but seventeen days during which the sun was invisible during 
The whole day. Dr. Baldwin has shown that Denver has about one- 
Third the moisture that New Orleans and Jacksonville have, and less 
than one-half that of Santa Barbara. Altitude over 5000 feet. Mean 
temperature, 49.2 ; moisture 51, rainfall 12 inches. Superb water sup- 
ply, sheltered from the cold winds of the Pacific by the Rocky moun- 
tains. Soil, drainage, and clearness of air as in other choice localities 
of Colorado. 

Florida.— Low altitude, raised comparatively but a few feet above 
the sea. Sunny, genial climate during the winter months, but oppres- 
sively hot and relaxing in the summer. Soil sandy. Water near the 
shore poor. Drainage imperfect. Humidity excessive. 

Las Vegas. New Mexico. — 6767 feet above sea level. Dry climate. 
August is the cloudy month. Total rainfall 20 inches. In a region of 
pines, air clear and pure, water good, drainage excellent. The hot 
springs are celebrated for the relief of chronic rheumatism, syphilis, 
asthma, chronic malaria and consumption. The hot spring waters 
have the qualities of dilute Carlsbad. Population 6000. 

Minnesota.— Cold, dry. The pine woods of the Minnesota Lake 
Superior region are better for consumptives than tropical places, and 
constitute a good medium between the sea shore and the higher alti- 
tudes of Colorado. Average altitude 1000 feet. Over 8000 lakes within 
its borders. Soil moist, with cold winters and warm summers. Aver- 
age temperature, 44°; rainfall, 35 inches. 

Nassau, New Providence (one of the Bahama Islands). Most equa- 
ble climate of any of the American sanitaria, the temperature f or a 
period of years not having risen above 88° F., nor fallen below 60° F., 
mean 78.3. During the winter months bright, clear weather, with little 
or no rain. Soil of coral formation, light, thin, low and flat. 

Southern New Mexico.— Moderate altitude, pure, dry air. Dr. 
A. Petin traveled all over the United States as commissioner of "The 
Societe Medicale" of Paris, in search of the best locality for a sanita- 



( 316 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Tium for consumptives, and reported the vicinity of Los Crucces, N. M., 
as the best," and Dr. Brown, of Victoria, N. M., affirms that the area 
itwo or three hundred miles up and down the Rio Grande possesses the 
*«ame advantages. Heat is never oppressive, and the temperature 
seldom falls to 32°, averaging 50°. Sky usually cloudless. Rainfall 
from 10 to 30 inches. Air so pure that meat may be preserved without 
salt. No consumption among the natives nor among Americans born 
in the territory. The winds are chiefly in February and March, and 
are then dry and cool. Dr. Wrouth deems the climate bad for emphy- 
sema, bronchial dilatation, consumption in the aged or those too weak 
to take exercise, and when so much lung tissue is destroyed that the 
remainder is insufficient at lower levels. 

Rocky Mountains.— The western slope has a rainfall of 65 incites 
for the year, while in the same latitude and less than two degrees lon- 
gitude east, the average rainfall is but seven and one-half inches 
Dry, sandy soil. Protection is afforded by the mountains on the east 
and northeast. Special resorts described under their proper names. 

Santa Fe, New Mexico.— It has been said, the most important ele- 
ments in any climate for treatment of disease are pure air, free from 
dust and organic particles; an abundance of sunshine, so that the 
invalid may spend much time in the open air; equability of tempera- 
ture, that the body, weakened by disease, may not suffer from 
extremes, and a sheltered position from hot or cold winds. Santa Fe 
possesses all these characteristics to a great degree. It has the pure 
mountain air of the regions, in view of perpetual snow; shut in from 
the north, northeast and the east by the adjacent mountains. It i& 
never extremely hot; lowest winter cold 5° below zero, mean tempera- 
ture 49°. The valley has sunshine 360 days in the year. 

Southern Pines, North Carolina. — Protected from northwest 
winds by the Appalachian mountains. Mean annual temperature 58°, 
summer 77°, winter 44°; latitude 32° 12" north, and longitude 72° 21" west. 
Sandy soil of great depth, covered with long leaf pines; 600 feet above 
sea level; rainfall 45 inches; dry air; water abundant and fine; winter 
climate modified by Gulf stream. The drainage is perfect, forming 
the water shed between two streams. Ozone much greater in a coun- 
try covered with the long-leaf than one invested with the white pine. 

Tennessee.— The climate is mild both in summer and winter; 
temperature, winter, 38°; spring, 57°; summer, 75°; autumn, 57V2°. It 
might be termed the Eden of the South, if not of the whole country, 
owing to its altitude, eharacter of soil, and mild temperature. Alti- 
tude 7000 feet on the east to 300 feet on the west. Soil in the east rocky, 
in the west rich. River loam. 

Our Doctor's Water Cure.— This contains nothing 
mysterious nor outside the domain of ordinary laws. 

(1) The Qualities of Water. — Water has four qualities 
only that need to be considered, namely, moisture, tempera- 
ture, impact, and as a solvent. 

The moisture loosens and is absorbed, i. e., poultices and 
evaporates. 

The temperature ranges from the freezing point to 120° F, 

The impact is graduated by the force of the stream, and 
the amount of protection, and the time of exposure. 

The solvent property takes up and removes obstructive 
matters with which it comes in contact on the surface, in the 
pores and in the blood vessels. 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 317 

As remedies these properties stand related to (2) certain- 
physiological phenomena, namely: Stimulation, reaction, 
relaxation, absorption, astringency, tonicity, secretion and 
elimination. The laws (that is. uniform sequence of facts) of 
their action are : 

(A) Concerning Moisture — 

1. It poultices, that is, relaxes and absorbs, according to 
its temperature and the degree and time of its confinement 
upon a surface. The extent of the absorption is indicated by 
the fact that immersion of the whole body thirty minutes at 
$5° F., has increased the weight eight ounces. 

2. Its evaporation cools or chills, in the ratio of the 
rapidity of the process, and the time of its continuance. 

3. It loosens to the extent of its absorption by any tissue, 

(B) Concerning Temperature. 

1. Cold applications — 33° to 55° F. — by the abstraction of 
the heat from the body drive the blood from the surface, hencfe 
-constrict the blood vessels because cold contracts, and astringe 
the tissues to which they are applied ; and if at all extensive r 
excite shivering, which is nature's effort to restore the balance 
of the circulation. Muscular contraction is the principle 
source of heat in the body. Billroth and Fisk noted more 
than 5° C. increase of heat in warm blooded animals from a 
spasmodic condition for ten minutes. 

2. If the application be soon removed, a revulsive effort 
of the circulation returns the blood with such force as to 
expand the blood vessels to a greater extent than before the 
application, and increases the quantity of blood in the part, 
thus proving a tonic, because it increases the nutrition of the 
part, together with a slight molecular astringency. 

3. If the cold application be continued, the abstraction of 
heat also goes on, prolonging the blood-expelling effect, and 
thus proves a vital depressent, because it robs of heat and 
nutrition necessary to vitality. 

4. If the application be only cool— 55° to 65° F.— and for 
a short time, and if the power of reaction be good, there is 



318 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

first a gentle abstraction of heat from the surface, then a 
slight increase of the local circulation. Cold air (much less 
efficient than cold water) at 64° to 68° F. so constringes the 
superficial vessels and contracts the muscular fiber of the skin 
that arterial pressure is raised from 200 to 300 grams — i. e.* 
from 7 to 10 ounces. (M. ch. Fere.) It is as a result of this 
increased pressure that the local circulation is elevated in the 
reaction which ensues. 

5. If this be too long continued, or if there be deficient 
reactionary power, its effect will be the same as extended cold 
applications (3). 

6. If the application be tepid only, 70° to 85°, it relaxes 
the skin and extremities of the nerves, and thus becomes 
soothing, in accordance with the law of relaxation, namely ; 
An impression made upon the nerves of a part by warmth, 
moisture or deficient vitality, temporarily abstracting the 
tonicity of the structures and thus loosening their fiber, is 
relaxation, which favors both secretion and excretion, but 
may vitiate the quality of the secretions. 

7. If the application be hot, 95° to 100° F., it stimulates^ 
because it brings an abnormal degree of heat in contact with 
the surface, and also accumulates internal heat that cannot 
escape. The heat production of the body is 1° C. every 80 min- 
utes, enough were there no loss to raise the body to the boiling 
point of water in 36 hours. Three to 6 per cent, is lost in the 
urine and feces, 9 to 20 in heating the air that is inspired and 
vaporizing the water eliminated by the lungs, while 77 to 85 
per cent, is lost by radiation, conduction and the evaporation 
of perspiration, all of which are stopped by the hot bath. This 
bath is not advisable when the skin is cold and clammy, unless 
the water is used as a vehicle for the strongest stimulants. In 
other conditions it is an excellent general stimulant. 

8. If the application be speedily removed, the effect is 
only that of a local stimulant generally applied. 

9. If the application be continued it astringes, because 
the nervous stimulation of the abnormal heat and accumulate 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 319* 

ing internal heat throws the circular fibers of the minute blood 
vessels into tonic spasm, thus reducing their caliber, condens- 
ing the tissues, and hindering both secretion and excretion. 

The Law of Astringency.—Asti'ingeney being the opposite of flaccid- 
ity or relaxation, is the compacting effect upon the fibers of the struc- 
tures of an impression made upon the nerves by cold, by extreme heat, 
or by the chemical effect of certain agents. It is, in its nature, the 
same as tonicity, only the latter indicates a permanent state, while 
the former is transient, and may also be excessive. 

10. If continued over a large extent of surface, the water 
may induce faintness before the stimulation has given place to 
astringency, because the rush of blood to the capillaries of the 
ekin partially empties the brain and large blood vessels. 

This unbalanced condition of the circulation continued 
beyond a brief period, becomes prostrating, because the 
reversal of the natural process of importation of heat by the 
vital organs interferes with the molecular relations of the 
nervous centers. 

Yet Dr. Baelz asserts that the hot bath of Japan (106° F.) raises the 
body temperature to 104-105. 8° F., increases the pulsations and dilates 
the blood vessels, but does not depress or weaken as does the bath at 
98° F. No explanation is offered. He recommends pouring hot water 
on the head on entering a hot bath, to prevent cerebral anaema, 
and prescribes it three or four times a day in capillary bronchitis, 
lobular pneumonia, rheumatism, nephritis, and the uterine colic of 
menstruation. 

Air may be borne ten minutes at 269° F., while water at 124.9° can- 
not be endured a moment. A bath at 113.9° F. may be endured for 
eight minutes, but it is dangerous. 

12. If the application be warm, 85° to 95°, it has, to a 
modified degree, the effect of the hot application ; i. e. , there 
is dilatation of the blood vessels of the skin, softening of integ- 
ument, copious perspiration, quickened pulse and respiration, 
but with a slight general decrease of temperature ; because, as 
the heat is retained it soon relaxes the cutaneous tissues, and 
increases its circulation and expends the heat. In flashes of 
heat and sweat, this bath gives steadiness to arterial circula- 
tion of the surface. 



320 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

13. This warm application, long continued, engorges the 
blood vessels of the surface, and by continuous distention 
ultimately weakens them, so that a state of passive congestion 
of the capillary circulation may supervene. 

14. If the application be lukewarm, 65° to 70° F., its 
effect is the same as the tepid, to a modified degree (6). 

15. The alternation of the hot and cold in quick succes- 
sion increases circulation, warmth and tonicity, provided the 
hot applications be as in No. 8, and the cold as in No. 2, and 
the cold end the series. 

16. If the application be tepid, 70° to 85°, at 80° it is a 
mild yet efficient relaxant to the capillaries, nervous periph- 
eries and sebaceous glands. It reduces the temperature in 
fevers, cleanses the skin, produces capillary softness and dis- 
tention, obtains afflux of blood from any congested internal 
organ, and relieves the nervous system. This may be used 
three or four times a day in appropriate cases. Not suited to 
strong local or general congestion, to flaccidity of the struc- 
tures, a cool surface, a tendency to colliquative perspiration, 
threatening gangrene, or chronic reduction of vital energy. 

(C). Concerning Impact. 

1. Impact arouses nervous action, and by it calls the 
blood to the impacted surface. 

2. This effect is dependent in degree upon the force of 
the impact, the temperature of the water, and the reactionary 
power of the system. 

3. This effect is governed by the law of stimulation, 
which is : 

We are organically constructed so that by reason of the alternate, 
molecular contraction and relaxation of the structures, an impression 
made upon the nerves of a part,-— whether by concussion, temperature 
or chemical excitation, if above the normal average,— immediately 
calls an increase of circulation to that locality and temporarily exalts 
its vitality, that is, stimulates it. The distinction should be clearly 
made between stimulation and tonicity; the last is an increase of the 
fiber-density, as well as of the vitality of the part, and has a character 
of permanence instead of being a mere transient condition. 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 321 

<D.) Concerning the Solvent Properties of Water. 

1. Hot water possesses it to a greater degree than cold. 

2. Pure water has more solvent power than impure. 

3. Its solvent power may be increased by the addition of 
certain other things. 

4. Within certain limitations of temperature, the solvent 
property of water is the index of its utility in the animal 
organism, i. e. : Pure water can take up and pass out of the 
system a much greater percentage of the wastes from the 
physiological processes, than water can that has its solvent 
capacity nearly satisfied before its ingestion. Hence pure rain 
water boiled, is preferable to many spring waters. 

The Physiological Functions of absorption, secretion and 
elimination are chiefly governed by the condition of their 
respective organs as to relaxation, stimulation and tonicity, 
hence it is easy to see that water applications may be full of 
potency for good or evil, since they so powerfully affect these 
conditions. 

The Proper Use of Water. — Upon the foregoing facts, and 
laws must be reared any superstructure of the rational use of 
water in the treatment of disease, always bearing in mind that 
all physiological processes are subject to the idiosyncrasies and 
physical conditions of individuals. Hence a prime factor of 
successful treatment always must be careful adaptation to the 
individual treated. 

3. The Special Points About the Patient to be noted are : 

1. Special idiosyncrasies, whether aversions, dreads, parti- 
cular susceptibilities, cravings, or particular unsusceptibilities. 

2. Physical condition. A, Temperament — the sanguine 
can bear lower temperature than others. The bilious are hard 
to effect, hence need decided and even heroic treatment. The 
nervous temperament (not merely nervous people, for persons 
of all temperaments may become nervous) require short appli- 
cations with frequent changes. The lymphatic are slow to 
react and particularly liable to be injured by the injudicious 
use of water. 

21 



322 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

B, Special derangements. These may exist in the organs of 
circulation, respiration, nutrition, absorption, secretion or 
elimination, and may consist in a state of relaxation, astrin- 
gency, stimulation, congestion, inflammation, or suppuration ; 
all of which should be carefully ascertained before the treat- 
ment is outlined, else it becomes the merest guess-work. 

C, Existing vitality. No point can be more important than 
this. A temperature that may be full of blessing to one, may 
be almost death to another. Two questions must be ever-pre- 
sent in the mind of the prescriber of water applications. Is 
there general vitality enough to secure quick and complete 
reaction from the cold ? Is there local vitality (especially of the 
brain, heart and blood vessels,) enough to secure against rupt- 
ures, faintness and prostration? 

3. Intelligence — L e., sufficient to apply the water treat- 
ment with good judgement. A gentleman was denouncing 
the system because he had tried it and it worked badly, 
" "What did you do?" was asked. " Why, I held my head under 
the pump and let the ice-cold water pour on it for fifteen min- 
utes." Such stupidity deserves only bad results. Yet the 
lack of intelligence so often exhibited in the use of water as a 
curative agent is not altogether the fault of the people, for 
where can be found a clear statement of the laws governing 
this subject? Plenty of treatises there are, brimful of methods 
that by their very multiplicity confuse, but which fail to 
tell why. And without the knowledge of the why, how can 
any inexperienced man be expected to show the requisite 
judgment? 

4. Disposition. If everything else is right, has the pati- 
ent the disposition to use these means? If not, his experiment 
may be foreseen to be a failure. Better let him dose with 
drugs that will work when once they are swallowed whether 
he be persistent or otherwise, and get what good he can from 
them, than to stigmatise this plan of healing by his failure. 

5. Circumstances. These must always be consulted. To 
order a full-pack of an hour's duration for a poor mother 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 323 

alone with her babes, obliged to work, 16 hours of every 24 for 
bread, might be just what she ought to have, but obviously 
impossible in her case. The efficiency of the system must 
often be sacrificed to the imperative of circumstances. 

6. Diseased conditions. All acute congestions and inflam- 
mations show over-stimulation of the parts. Chronic con- 
gestions, ulcers, etc., show over-relaxation of the parts. Ordi- 
nary fevers are like acute congestions. Typhoid, typhus, 
malignant scarlatina, diphtheria, malignant dysentery, malig- 
nant erysipelas are like chronic congestions. Hence, the 
condition is the key to the needed treatment. To stimulate 
an over-stimulated part, or relax a tissue already flabby, is 
only to increase the difficulty. 

It will be well for the reader to study the preceding pages 
with great care before passing on to the enumeration of 
the various water applications which constitute our water 
treatment. 

4. The Applications Used.. Baths. — Time and tempera- 
ture as related to the patient are the most important elements 
in every bath. Therefore, they must be wisely adapted to the 
disease and the strength of the patient. Every bath may be 
neutralized by indiscretions immediately after it. Therefore, 
such should be avoided with the same care that the bath is 
taken. 

Every bath has an immediate local and general, and a 
remote constitutional effect. To gain one or more of these 
effects is the object sought by its use. 

Constitutional effects are indirect, working toward im- 
proved nutrition, equalized circulation, with normal tempera- 
ture, respiration, secretions, excretions, rest and recuperation, 
and physiological vim. These are the scale marks on the 
health-ometer of recovery. 

The immediate general effect is dependent upon the imme- 
diate local effect and corresponds with it. This local effect is 
in nervous impression, temperature, circulation, and special 
functions of the part, and its whole efficiency is measured by 
the character and degree of these modifications. 



324 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Always use pure water, and soft water when possible. 
Every bath may be pushed beyond the desired into an 
objectionable effect. Therefore the object should be kept con- 
tinually in view, and the bath discontinued as soon as the 
desired effect is realized. Too little effect is better than too 
great. 

Repetition should be governed by this law: In chronic 
cases, the second bath should be given before the constitu- 
tional effect of the first is lost ; in acute cases, it should be 
given before the local effect of the first is lost. 

1. Cold Baths. (See pages 19 & 21.)— From 33° to 55° F. Time, in- 
cluding undressing, bathing and redressing, five minutes. 

Always dress without drying, followed by smart exercise at least 
fifteen minutes and until warm. This is called undry bathing, what- 
ever the temperature or name of the bath may be, and was introduced 
by Trosseau in fevers. 

The body must be entirely warm before the cold plunge or swim, 
the warmer the better. One may even be perspiring, but must not be 
wet from rain. If perspiring, the time should not exceed one minute; 
if not, from one to three. 

Reaction. The glow should set in within five minutes after all cold 
baths, and should be maintained with no after-chill. In the cold bath, 
the recession of the circulation from the surface stimulates the heart 
and large arteries to a more vigorous effort to return it. This effort is 
an expenditure of just so much vitality. When the heart is feeble, or 
the large blood vessels weak, or the capillary circulation feeble, there 
is danger of congestion in thus driving the blood from the surface. 

Cold increases heat production, the consumption of oxygen, and. 
the elimination of carbonic acid. Hence the cold bath is powerfully 
promotive of tissue change. 

The Whole Bath: The whole body is immersed at once, from J to 3 
minutes. Purifies and strengthens the skin, invigorates the whole sys- 
tem, prevents colds. In winter, not more than two a week. Always 
as an undry. 

Avoid Cold Baths in the treatment of old people, very young chil- 
dren; in dilation of the heart or valvular disease; with the convalesr 
cent, especially from acute nephritis and intermittent hematuria. 
Open wounds should not have cold dressings. 

2- Cool Baths, 55° to 65° F.— Pure soft water. The cool bath is 
lower than the accustomed temperature of the skin surface, which is 
from 80° to 85°. 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 325 

3. Luke Warni Baths, from 65° to 70~ F.— Pure soft water may oper- 
ate as a cool or cold bath in cases of high fever and great debility. 
Frequency and duration governed by the condition of the patient. 
Also as a cold bath for feeble children and aged people. 

4. Tepid Baths, from 7(P to 85° F.— Neutral; neither stimulating nor 
depressant, have a slightly relaxing effect upon the skin. Xot of 
special value, except when used in cases of great feebleness and high 
fever as a cooling agent. Time according to effect desired. 

5. Warm Baths, 85° to 95° F., or solutions, infusions or vapor. 
Usual time, 20 to 30 minutes, always followed with cold sponge. Deple- 
tion by the skin is as prostrating as depletion by the bowels; hence 
care should be exercised not to crowd them too far. 

The Wainn Bath is useful in dermatitis, ecthyma, eczema, hygroma, 
icthyosis, lupus vulgaris, syphilis, business anxiety and depression, 
spasm, strangulated hernia, uterine and ovarian diseases and gonor- 
rhea of females, melancholia and insanity, measles, scarlatina, small 
pox, croupus pneumonia, jaundice and chronic lead poisoning. One a 
month for aged people. Two a month for gout, podagra and the like. 

6. Hot Baths, 95° to 100° F. Solutions, infusions or their vapors.— 
Full hot baths should be always followed by cold sponge. The impres- 
sion of heat transmitted to the brain from the surface, excites a reflex 
nervous influence from those centers which preside over the heart, 
lungs and the caliber of the blood vessels. Hence, increase of respira- 
tion and perspiration, and dilatation of the blood vessels. 

A hot bath should not be taken if the heart and circulation are 
weak. The hot and Turkish are dangerous where there is fatty or 
dilated heart or atheroma of the great vessels. 

In typhoid fever, when the temperature is high, but the surface 
cool, give warm, not cold baths. 

Hot baths are excellent in renal and biliary colic. Useful in hyper- 
idrasis, bromidrosis and chromodrosis. Also in dermertalgia and 
paraesthesia. Also in psoriasis, pityriasis, scabies and frost bites. 
Especially valuable in recovery from freezing. 

Avoid Heat in hemorrhage from vessels not accessible, and in great 
weakness of the blood vessels where added impulse to the heart might 
cause rupture of an artery. It should not be applied to the head in 
apoplexy. Aneurism should also avoid great heat. Old people should 
be treated with a high degree of heat very cautiously, lest apoplexy or 
heart failure be induced. 

Head Bath. The top of the head dipped in a basin of water one 
minute if cold, five to seven if warm. Hair to be thoroughly dried. 
Good for scalp diseases. 

Eye Bath. Forehead and eyes dipped in either cold or warm 
water one-half to one minute. Eyes open. Repeat four or five times. 



326 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

If warm is used, follow with cold wash. A half spoonful of ground 
fennel should always be added to the water. The cold strengthens 
weak eyes, the warm extracts impurities. 

PART Baths are baths applied to any part of the body or limbs 
and may be designated by the name of the part concerned; as head 
bath, foot bath, eye bath, etc. 

Hot immersion of wounded and contused parts favors healing. 

Cold Foot Bath— Duration one to three minutes, hardens the 
liealthy, brings rest and sleep to the weary. Leads blood down from 
head and chest. 

"Warm Foot Bath, 100° to 105° F. with a handful of salt and two of 
wood ashes. Duration twelve to fifteen minutes. Suitable for weak, 
nervous people, those who have poor blood, very weak and very old 
people. Relieves congestion and cramps of the neck and head. Cor- 
rects the circulation. Not good for sweating feet. Never to be fol- 
lowed with cold bath. 

Warm Foot Bath Medicated -Three to five handf uls of hay 
flower seeds, leaves and the like, with boiling water poured over 
them, and cooled to 105°. They dissolve, strengthen and eliminate. 
Good for sweating feet, tumors, wounds, gout in the feet, whitlow and 
the like. 

Hot Foot Bath breaks up cold, stops bleeding at the nose, gives 
relief in urticaria. Always of decoctions, or ashes and salt solution. 

he Spray Bath of Preyer and Flasher is a part bath. Covers laid 
aside, bed protected, and a finely divided spray directed against the 
body for thirty or forty minutes. Repeat as often as necessary. Is 
cooling to the surface, lowering the temperature, without the shock 
and revulsion of a cold bath. Excellent for feeble folks and timid 
children in fevered conditions. 

Packs (See Page 21). 3. Whole Packs.— Across the bed lay three or 
four woolen blankets, and on them spread a sheet wrung out of water. 
The patient lies on his back on the sheet, one end of which is carried 
over and tucked under him, then the other end is brought over in the 
same way, after which each blanket is separately treated in the same 
way, and over all other blankets or a light feather bed is piled. The 
feet must be snugly tucked in, and no crevice for air to enter should 
be left about the neck. Let him lie until perspiration is quite profuse 
upon the face, then remove wraps and give a quick, cold, undry 
sponge. 

The whole pack may be made a whole compress by sprinkling it 
frequently with cold water and reducing the wraps. 

In packs the temperature may range from warm to cold, but the 
envelopment must be perfect, and the temperature then left to be 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 



327 



regulated by the heat of the body within its wraps. It expels gas 
from the stomach, and the body must be warm when taken. 

The Wraps or Part Packs.— The same method as whole packs 
applied to a single limb or surface. The effect is dependent upon the 
gradual accumulation of body heat in the part, and its confinement at 
that locality, added to the normal effect of water at that temperature. 
Duration from one-half to two hours. 

The Spinal Pack, 45 minutes. Strengthens the spine, relieves lum- 
bago, reduces the heat of fever, and removes congestion. 

Abdominal Part Packs, forty-five to one-hundred and twenty min- 
utes. If over an hour, must be re-wetted. Vseful in indigestion and 
cramps and to draw the blood away from 
the heart. 

Nightshirt Wrap, (see Fig. 41).— Wring 
a long nightshirt out of water, and put it 
on, and lie down upon two or more blan- 
kets, which must be closely wrapped 
around and tucked under. One to two 
hours. Promotes perspiration, removes 
congestions and spasms, soothes the nerves, 
imparts health to the skin; relieves Saint 
Vitus' dance; valuable in general catarrh, 
gout, articular rheumatism, small pox, 
typhus, and to prevent paralysis. 

To bring out eruptions, dip in salt 
water, or water and vinegar. 

The Three-fourths Pack (Fig. 42), is the 
same as the full pack except that the arms 
are not included. 

The Sitz Bath.— This is likewise indi- 
cated in the cut. Temperature and time 
are the main elements, as it should always 
come nearly to the navel. 

Cold Sitz.— For the healthy, strengthens 
the bowels, relieves hemorrhoids, chlorosis, 
wind colic, hypochondria, hysteria, dis- J 
eases of the generative organs, and prevents colds. Time from two 
to three minutes. May be taken any hour of the night as undry bath, 
and will cure sleeplessness. Excellent for tired feeling in the morning. 
Only two or three times a week. 

Warm Sitz.— Duration from two to fifteen minutes. Two or three 
times a week. Should be made of hay flower decoction, oat straw, 
mullen or smart weed tea. May be medicated and allowed not more 




FIG. 41. NIGHTSHIRT WRAP. 



328 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



than two or three times a week. Medicated with oat straw is good 

for gout; with hay flowers, good for constipation, hemorrhoids, 

spasms, exterior swellings, wounds and colic ; duration fifteen minutes. 

Hot Sitz excellent in cystitis, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhcea, suppres- 




mm 




FI(i. 42 



THREE FOURTHS PACK. 



sion of menses, chronic metritis, endometritis, spermatorrhea. Used' 
only medicated and as an intense form of warm sitz; duration five to 
ten minutes. Cover in bed afterward. 



4. COMPRESSES. 

The compress is a linen or cotton cloth folded from one-half to one 
inch in thickness and of a suitable 3ize for the use intended. The flan- 
nel cover is four to six thick- 
nesses of flannel made the shape 
of the wet application to be cov- 
ered, whether body band age ^ 
shawl, limb bandage or any other, 
but in all cases three to six inches 
larger all ways and fitted with 
tapes, so that, when adjusted, it 
can be tied by the patient without 
assistance. 

"Wet the compress in water not 
fig. 43. sitz rath. above 65° and apply it, and keep it 

below that temperature by dipping frequently into the water, or drip- 
ping water on it, or in extreme cases apply ice. The effect is that of a 
long continued cold local bath. Must be kept on until the object is 
accomplished, for a compress soon removed has the effect of a short 
cold bath. 




SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 



32& 



Ice Cold Compress (local). Blunts the sensibility of nerves, power- 
fully influences reflex nervous functions, therefore has great effect 
upon the circulation of deep-seated organs. They relieve the pain of 
cerebro-spinal meningitis, the delirium of fevers, delirium tremens 
the burning and retching of acute rachitis, are useful for hemorrhage 
and valuable locally in inflamation. 

Cold over the spine dilates the blood vessels of the surface, relieves- 
muscular spasms, lessens muscular sensibility and secretion, raises 
body heat and favors increased peripheral circulation. 

Cold over the lower dorsal and lumbar vertibrae drives the blood to 

the pelvic organs and the feet, and restores and promotes menstruation. 

Sweating Compress— Three or four thicknesses of compress, with 

the flannel cover bound over it until dry. Has the effect of a mild 

poultice. Renew as often as necessary. 

Neck Compress.— Is the last fitted to the neck so as to just meet, not 
lap over. Should be three inches thick and come out even with the 
chin. A double woolen blanket, to absorb 
the moisture, should be thrown around the 
shoulders. 

The Chest Compress may be made like a 
jacket, with arm holes. Useful in bronchial 
and chest congestions, rheumatism of the 
chest. 

Body Wrap (See Fig. 44).— A sheet folded 
lengthways wrung out of water and wrapped 
closely about the body followed by a woolen 
blanket wrapped in the same way, then 
other blankets sufficient to secure warmth. 
One to two hours. Follow with undry 
sponge. 

Shawl Wrap (Fig. 45). A piece of coarse 
linen, one to one and a half yards square 
folded into a triangle, wrung out of water 
and wrapped closely about the shoulders 
and chest, and covered with woolen blan- 
kets folded in the same way. From thirty 
to ninety minutes. For congestions of head, 
throat and chest, melancholia, etc. Espe- rrG - **. >;ody wrap. 
ciaily good with appropriate foot applications to draw the blood from 
the head. Should be re-dipped every thirty to forty minutes, it it 
becomes very warm. 

Fomentations are hot applications kept on a part at a tempera- 
ture not below 99°, and must be kept at that temperature by frequent 




330 



THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 



dipping or by the application of the hot water bag or bottle. They 
have the local effect of the hot bath. 

The wet cloth should be of four to six thicknesses of flannel cov- 
ered with six to eight more dry and warm, and extending three inches 
beyond the wet on all sides, the whole should be bound on. Should be 
continued until the desired effect is decidedly seen. 

A brief fomentation is a local stimulant; a long continued, very 
hot fomentation is a local astringent; a long continued, not very hot 
fomentation is a relaxant. In applying hot vinegar, flannel should be 







FIG. 45. SHAWL WRAP. 



used but only two thicknesses of it, covering it the same as the water 
applications. Whenever the pad becomes cool it must be renewed or 
removed, but the covering must remain until perfectly dry. 

Hot water over the spine, contracts the peripheral blood vessels, 
checks hemorrhage from the nose and lungs when applied over the 
cervical and upper dorsal vertebrae, and of the uterus when applied 
over the lower dorsal and lumbar vertebrae. 

Dry Fomentations. When dry heat is desired, put a quantity of 
hot sand, hot salt, hot bran or hot corn meal into a flannel or a muslin 
bag. A hot plate wrapped in a cloth is good, a rubber bag filled with 
hot water is perfect. Put acetate of soda into a tin can tightly closed, 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS 



331 



set this in boiling water for thirty minutes, then remove it and wrap 
up in flannel and apply to the painful part. It will give out heat for 
many hours. 

Medicated Baths and Packs.— Hay Flowers, i. €., the seeds and 
Sowers that scatter on the barn-floor, boiled fifteen minutes in a bag, 
and the decoction added to the bath. Opens the pores and favors 
elimination. 

Oat Straw, boiled half an hour and the decoction used for the bath 
or added to it, stronger than the hay flower, and good for kidney and 
bladder diseases and rheumatism. 

Mustard Bath.— Two teaspoonfuls to two tablespoons of mustard 
Sour to hot water, two to four gallons. Stimulating to the skin and 




FIG. 46. HEAD VAPOR. 

capillary circulation. Draws the blood to the part to which it is 
applied. 

Mull fin.— Relaxing, soothing, antispasmodic. Promotes absorption. 

Sassafras Tea.— Aromatic, relaxant, stimulant to capillary circula- 
tion and absorbents. Must not be boiled. 

Smartweed Tea.— A diffusible stimulant with some relaxant power. 
Excites cutaneous action, relieves internal congestion. 

Pine Needle and Cones.— Promote the action of the skin, thus pur- 
ify the blood and relieve deep-seated congestions. 

Fennel Seed.— Aromatic, antispasmodic, carminative, soothing. 

Catnip.— Diffusive relaxant, mildy diarphoretic and antispasmodic. 

Tansey— Stimulating, diffusive and moderately relaxing. Extern- 
ally, stimulating, with a slight tonic after-effect. 

Wormwood.— Stimulating and relaxing tonic. 

Red Pepjyer—FuTe stimulant, persistent and intense. 

Lobelia.— A pure relaxant Relieves pain without narcotizing. 
Should not be used in putrid tendencies, as diphtheria, scarlet fever, 



332 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



malignant scarlatina, etc. Not proper for extensive external use 
unless followed by cold stimulating tonic sponge. 

Bran Bath.— Four pounds of bran boiled in one gallon of water. 
Strain and add water enough for bath. Allays irritability of the skin 
and softens it. 

Salt.— Rock salt or sea salt, one pound to four gallons of water. 
Very invigorating. Taken hot, a quick and reliable stimulant. 

Soda.— One teaspoon!" ul of soda bicarbonate, warm water four gal- 
lons. Useful chiefly as an ant-acid. 

Sulphur Bath.— Twenty grains of sulphuret of potassium, to a 
gallon of water. For skin diseases and rheumatism. 

Vapor, Both Clear and Medicated.— Head Vapor. A small tub 
or a water pail, is filled two-thirds full of boiling water, instantly 
tightly covered with a thick wet cloth, and placed upon a chair beside 
which is a higher chair. Patient stripped to the waist and clothing 
protected by a towel, sits upon the high chair leaning forward over the 
pail. An attendant throws a large blanket over his head and both 
chairs, so as to make a tight tent, then uncovers the pail. Eyes and 
mouth should be opened to take in the vapor. The water should be 
flavored with a teaspoonful of ground fennel, sage or mint. Duration 
twenty to twenty-five minutes. They open the pores, aid elimina- 
tion, relieve humming in the ears, rheumatic and spasmodic com- 
plaints of neck and shoulders, asthma and catarrh. 

Should patient not perspire freely in ten minutes drop a piece of 
brick or stone well heated into the pail. Cold sponge at close, and if 

weather is cold or raw, remain in 
warm room several hours. One or 
two a week. For inflammation of 
eyes, etc., the same evening a hot 
foot bath with wood ashes and 
salt for fifteen minutes. 

Foot Vapor. — A wide thick 
blanket is placed lengthwise- 
across a chair upon which patient 
sits naked to the waist. A pail 
half full of boiling water, with a 
narrow board fastened across the 
top to prevent slipping, is placed 
before him. Feet rest on the cross 
board. Blanket then brought 
around so as to completely envelop 
the lower limbs of the patient. A 
hot stone or iron may be dropped 
in every ten minutes. Duration 




FIG. 47. FOOT VAPOR. 



fifteen to thirty minutes, followed with quick cold sponge, as far as 
perspiration has been abundant. Valuable for foul odor from the feet* 
swollen or cold feet, ingrowing nails, determination of blood to the 
head. One to three times a week. The latter but seldom. 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 



333 



Stool Vapor.— An ordinary chamber vessel one-third full of boiling 
crater or the desired decoction. Patient sits on the vessel fifteen to 
twenty minutes, followed with cold sponging as far as the perspiration 
has been abundant. Useful in diseases of the bladder. 

Bed Vapor Bath.— The bed clothing may be raised by chairs placed 
beside the patient or by barrel hoops, then proceed as for croup. Cover 
crib with a blanket, supported tent-like by the crib posts or by barrel 
hoops or chairs. Nurse sits with head under cover with the child. 
Then connect the spout of a teakettle by a pipe with the interior, the 
kettle resting on a gas or kerosene stove, or hot stones or pieces of 
brick are dropped into the kettle from time to time. Of course there 
should not be so much water in the kettle as to prevent the escape of 
the steam by the spout. 

Alcohol Vapor Bath.— Place patient with clothing removed in a 
large cane-seated chair, and surround both completely with blankets, 




<&MB^ 



FIG. 43. CROUP KETTLE. 

letting them extend to the floor and to be secured about the patient's 
neck ; under the chair place a basin of hot water with an alcohol lamp 
beneath it, bring water to a boil, and patient will soon be brought into 
a state of perspiration which may be carried to any desired extent. 
Use in uraemia, Bright's disease, and whenever diaphoresis is required. 

Domestic Turkish Bath.— Pin two large woolen blankets closely 
together lengthwise. Fasten one corner to the top of a pole about 
eight feet long. With two screws fasten this to the base-board in one 
corner of the room. The corner of the blanket will then be the peak of 
a tent roof. Weight two chairs so that they will not slip and draw the 
"blankets over them in such a way that they will constitute a tent 
covering. 

Close in the corner, set a basin of water in which stand a teacup 
one-third to one-half full. of alcohol. Now heat the room from 95° to 
100°. Patient drinks a cup of hot water and sits naked on a blanket- 
covered chair in the room from fifteen to twenty minutes, wetting the 



334 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



head occasionally if desired, and drinking more water if thirsty <- 
Then lighting a match in the room he steps inside the tent, drops the 
open curtain, leaving a very small space at the bottom for ventilation. 
Then drops the lighted match into the alcohol and seats himself upon 
a stool. 

If the heat becomes too oppressive, he should have at hand a towel 
wrung out of cold water with which to give himself a hasty ablution, 
and if necessary to avoid faintness, may stick his head outside the 
tent, but should keep his body in until perspiration is abundant. 
Then he should step out of the tent into a washtub, and hastily rub 
himself all over with some first-class soap; tiien with a flesh brush 
rub into a lather all over very thoroughly, rub it off with his hands 
and pour, at two or three dashes, six quarts of water over his head and 
shoulders; then wipe lightly and rapidly, wrap in one or two woolen 
blankets and lie or sit down to cool off gradually, which should take 




FIG. 49. SHOULDER SPRINKLE. 



one-half to one hour. The temperature of the room meantime having 
been gradually reduced to about 75°, or an adjacent room at that tem- 
perature being used for cooling. Then dress and avoid immediate 
exposure to chills and cramps. One or two a week. 

Turkish baths are excellent in melancholia, insanity from lead, 
gout, alcohol, rheumatism or syphilis. Valuable in chronic rheumatism, 
rheumatic arthritis, lumbago, sciatica, eczema, psoriasis, Bright's 
disease, uraemia, constitutional syphilis, obesity, quinsy, bronchitis, 
winter cough, early state of phthisis and bronchial asthma. 

The Sprinkle.— Provide a garden watering pot that will hold six 
to twelve quarts, and if no bath tub is in the house, a large washtub. 

Shoulder Sprinkle.— Patient bare to waist ; leans forward over tub;, 
attendant pours one to five cans on and between the shoulders, and one 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 



335 



on each arm. See Fig. 49. Strengthens the spine and aids the circula- 
tion of the blood. Follow with quick ablution of chest, and abdomen 
and dress quickly. 

Loin Sprinkle.— Patient stands in tub and attendant pours one to 
three cans on the hollow of the back and the hips. See Fig. 50, 
One to five cans on the lower back, 
each loin and abdomen, should fol- 
low the foot vapor unless the water 
tread be preferred. Strengthens the 
spine and aids the circulation of the 
blood. 

Knee Sprinkle. —Patient sits on 
stool, feet in tub and pours two to 
ten cans on knees, calves, ankles and 
feet, making the last can a pour by 
emptying it from the top. Begin 
with two cans and increase one or 
two cans each application. Useful 
for poor feet, poor blood, to harden 
in convalescence, and as a counter- 
poise to the shoulder sprinkle. Fig. 51. 

The Pour. — Pours are large 
streams as from the spout of a tea- 
kettle falling upon the patient. It FIG - 50 - L0IN sprinkle. 
powerfully arouses the capillary circulation and absorbent vessels. 
Also promotes innervation of the deeper parts, should never be long' 
continued— one to three minutes. 

The Sponge.— The sponge is a large sponge filled with water, or a 
towel dripping and applied rapidly to the whole surface, beginning at 
the back of the neck unless specially directed otherwise. When cold, 
should be undry, and done within a minute or two. In sickness, may 
be given under the bed clothes as often as the fever becomes high. 

Hot sponge checks hemorrhage, relieves pain and swelling of 
sprain, diminishes sweating in phthisis, and good for acne indnrata. 

Warm sponge relieves headache of acute catarrh, and aids the gran- 
ulation of ulcers. 

The Tread.— The method is sufficiently evident from Fig. 52 p. 336, 
but the temperature, time, and depth of water. all graduate its effects. 
Feeble patients should begin with one inch of cool water one minute. 
The robust can have fifteen inches of cold water three to eighteen 
minutes. Hardening to the system and draws the blood to the 
extremities. 

The Dash.— Patient stands in nightshirt or sheet; a bucket of 




336 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



water is dashed over him downward, then he is vigorously rubbed 
until reaction sets in. The double dash repeats the dash as soon as 
reaction occurs. The triple dash adds the dash to the double dash. 
May be undry also. Powerfully arouses 
the energies of the whole system. 

The Plunge. — Patient dives into the 
water head first, or jumps in so that he is 
completely submerged. Body must be warm 
all over, may be perspiring to any extent. 
Cooling, refreshing. Out instantly. 

The Swim.— Patient is completely im- 
mersed except the head, and engaged in the 
vigorous exercise of swimming. Must not 
be protracted until chill is felt- Body must 
be warm but not perspiring. Should be. fol- 
lowed by rest. 

The Alternating is quickly changing 
from one temperature to another, and is 
single, double or triple, and according to 
1 the number of changes made. For exam- 
ple, the alternating double is ten minutes 
FIG. 51. KNEE sprinkle. inwarmor hot, and one in cold. Ten min- 
utes more in warm or hot, and one in cold, always ending with cold. 
Injections.— These may be of any temperature needed and medi- 
cated or otherwise, and may be rectal, 
vaginal, urethral, bladder, nasal, ear or 
eye. 

See Our Colon Flush for particulars 
of application of bowel injections. 

Hot colon flush stimulates the small 
intestines, liver and pancreas, and is 
useful in extreme flatulence, strangury, 
prostatitis, phthisis, and urethral dis- 
eases; cold rectal flush, in the collapse 
of diarrhoea and enterocolitis of young 
children. Hot vaginal injections or 
bath excellent sedative in chronic pel- 
vic, uterine and ovarian ailments. 





FIG. 52. WATER TREAD. 



Rules For Bathing. — Page 23-24 should be read carefully 
before beginning water treatment, to which we add this 
important fact : The power of vital reaction in a patient, is a 
changeable quantity and should always be determined at the 



SPECIAL TREATMENTS. 337 

time of the treatment, otherwise that which is ordered for one 
condition will be applied at another, possibly to the serious 
detriment of the patient. 

Remember. — That temperature in its relation to water 
treatment is a relative thing, depending on the vitality of the 
patient; that is, a cool or even lukewarm application to a 
very feeble patient, may be fully ■equivalent to a cold one for a 
vigorous person. 

Remember, also, that both age and childhood may be 
like feebleness as related to temperature. 

Remember, further, that nervous dreads may disqualify 
for cold applications almost as much as feebleness. 

Also, that great weariness, especially if long continued, 
stands related to temperature as feebleness. 

Spare patients, with skin in good order, do not need much 
sweating. 

The Special Uses of the Several Applications will be noted 
in the part on treatment of diseases. 

Prof. Winternits declares that after cold-water applica- 
tions the leucocytes in the blood increase to two, or even three 
times their original number. Hence the great value of these 
applications, especially in all infectious diseases, because the 
leucocytes are the natural defenders of the blood against 
microbial assailants. 



22 



:p.a_:r,t vii 

CAKE OF THE SICK. 



HINTS ON NURSING. 



1. Hints on Nursing — 2. The Sick Room — 3. Bed and Cloth- 
ing — 4. Water Supply — 5. Giving Medicines — 6. Bed- 
sores — 7. Food — 8. Treatment of Patient — 9. Useful 
Facts — 10. Medication — 11. Respiration, Pulse and Weight 
— 12. Landmarks of Diagnosis — 13. Questions Concern- 
ing Remedies — 14. States and Indications — 15. Land- 
marks for Prescription — 16. Diet as a Remedy — 17. 
Walking as a Remedy. 

The Nurse. — One person only should have the care of 
the sick if practicable, receive directions from the physician, 
and report to him. That person should be collected, cheerful, 
sweet tempered, low voiced, not fussy, quiet but firm. Dr. 
Warren declares that many lives have been sacrificed to the 
peevishness of nurses. Should not permit the patient to help 
himself; should turn the pillows, and sponge the face and 
hands as often as may conduce to his comfort. Should see 
that his mouth is cleansed with a soft linen rag, and rinsed 
occasionally with water with a few drops of tincture of myrrh 
in it. Hair should be gently brushed daily. Should walk 
quietly and talk in a low tone, but not whisper. Should speak 
so that the patient can hear it if he wishes to and not let him 
feel that there is conspiracy to keep him in ignorance. On 
entering the room, open the door quickly and firmly, but 
silently. If sleepy, should lie down at once in sight of the 
patient and have a nap, for his sake ; a dozing nurse is neither 
soothing nor reassuring to the sufferer. 

338 



HINTS ON NURSING. 339 

The Sick Room. — Should be the pleasantest one in the 
house. 

Should never be disfigured by an array of medicine bot- 
tles, or the sight of bed pans, urinal or slop-jars. 

Should be thoroughly ventilated all the time, and especi- 
ally aired twice a day. Pure air must come from outside. 
Once a day cover patient with sheet and throw the window 
open several minutes, or fill an adjoining room with outside 
air, then admit it. 

Should be adequately disinfected during the progress of, 
and after all contagious diseases, and in all sicknesses should 
be clarified as follows: Pure oil of tur- 
pentine mixed with about one per cent, 
of oil of lavender flowers, used in the 
form of a spray from an atomizer. It 
is surprising how refreshing this is for 
the occupants, the action being due to 
the ozone formed, and at the same time 
perfumed with fragrant lavender. 

Should never be entered (except as 
patients) by long-faced sympathizers 
who have a story to tell about somebody 
"handled just like you are." FIG 53< FQR DR0PPIKG 

Should be provided with a Japanese medicine. 

hot box for night use when it is inconvenient to procure hot 
water, and hot water bags, family syringe, medicine dropper, — a 
little vial wdth a bent strip of soft paper as seen in Fig. 53 if 
a bulb dropper is not at hand ; and for invalids not confined to 
the bed, in homes where there are no sanitary closets, a corner 
commode as seen in Fig. 54, with homemade upholstery is 
desirable, of course with deodorizers and disinfectants. 

Should never be "spread up a bit" before the doctor can 
enter. If it is in too much disorder for him to see, it is for 
the patient. 

It should be kept at a temperature suitable to the disease # 
visually about 70° days and 60° nights. 

Should be quiet and restful. 

Should be beautified with flowers and pictures. 




340 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



The colors of paint and paper (if there is any ; better have 
whitewashed walls,) should be of a quiet, cheerful tone. 

Should be swept only when the patient can be taken to 
another room, or with a broom wrapped in a damp cloth to 
keep down dust, or with a quiet carpet sweeper. 

Should never be opened to general visitors except by the 
direction of the physician. 

Bed, Bedding and Clothing-. — The bed-linen, change 
frequently. Hair or husk mattresses better than feather beds. 
Keep under-sheet smooth as possible. The covering warm, 
without being heavy. Light blan- 
kets and sheets. No sick person 
should sleep with the head under 
the bedclothes, for in doing so he 
will be constantly breathing air 
poisoned by exhalations from his 
body. Blankets allow these emana- 
tions from the body to pass through 
them, while heavy cotton counter- 
panes do not; besides, they distress 
the patient by* their weight. If 
possible, the bed should be made 
once or twice daily. Keep the cov- 
ering evenly and smoothly placed 
over the patient. Soiled sheets and 
every offensive thing should at once 
be removed from the bed and room. Do not air clothing in the 
sick room. If the condition of the patient will permit, have 
two nightgowns, — one for day and the other for night. Hang 
the one not in use by an open window, and warm it before 
using it again. If possible, have two sets of blankets — one set 
in the open air, while the other is in use. 

The Water Supply. — The addition of one per one-thou- 
sand 01 hydrogen peroxide to ordinary drinking water, to 
drinking water containing sewage, or to water containing 
typhoid bacillus or cholera bacillus, is quite sufficient to destroy 
the various saprophytic and pathogenic organisms contained 
under these conditions, if it is obtained perfectly fresh and 




HINTS OX XURSIXG. 



341 



kept in good condition, and if it is allowed to act for a period 
of twenty-four hours. It is specially valuable for the disinfec- 
tion of drinking water because it does not affect the taste, does 
not alter the color, and in the proportion mentioned is perfectly 
innocuous. Should always be used. 

Giving' Medicine. — Follow directions. Xever guess at 
size of dose. Write directions on bottle label. Write down 
the hours of giving and cross them off each time. Wash 
spoons and glasses after use. Xote down on paper every 
change, chill, bowel movement, etc., and report to the doctor, 
Disguise nauseous medicines as much as possible ; if very bit- 
ter, rinse mouth before and after with wintergreen water. If 
castor oil, thoroughly mix with four times as much hot milk by 
shaking in a bottle which they do not more than half fill. 

Bedsores. — Keep under-sheet smooth. Sponge spots 
where they are likely to occur, three or four times a day with 
alcohol, or witch hazel extract. If redness becomes constant, 
report it to the physician. Provide air cushions if necessary. 
Food. — Do not serve a large quantity ; the amount may 
produce aversion. If more is desired, serve it on a clean 
plate and freshly warmed, and in the daintiest manner possi- 
ble. If any remains, 
remove it from the room 
immediately. Give as 
much variety as the dis- 
ease will allow. Give a 
little the last thin g 
before sleep at night. 
Give something warm 
on waking in the morn- 
ing. Do not ask what 
he will have, but bring 
what is best. If able to help himself, provide a bed-tray as in 
Fig. 55. To feed insensible and delirious persons, attract the 
attention as much as possible, then glide the spoon back and 
forth upon the lip, and when they instinctively part, pass it well 
into the mouth and empty slowly. Xever hurry the sick while 
eating. Consult special foods and how to make them for 




FIG. 55. 



342 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

appropriate foods. If food must be given before there is any 
relish for it, do not try to make it appetizing with flavors, but 
as near neutral as possible, and give it as medicine. 

The Patient. — Should be protected from uncongenial 
visitors and nurses. 

Should receive food and medicines regularly, except when. 
: asleep, and never be aroused from sleep except by direction of 
physician. 

Should be humored in unimportant whims and fancies, 
v and gently but firmly controlled in all essential matters. 

Should be made as comfortable as the circumstances admit, 
without fussiness and often being asked if he "will have any- 
thing," or disturbed by unnecessary arranging of bed cloth- 
ing, etc. 

Should have the physician of his choice, if practicable. 

Should not be deceived, either by physician, nurse, or 
friends. The whole case need not always be told, unless 
explicitly asked. Even then, it may be best sometimes to say, 
" It is not best to tell you all," but never misrepresent facts. 
There are higher interests than those of health, and they are 
often sacrificed by the deliberate prevarication of those who 
mean well, but make a fatal mistake. 

Should be gently and sweetly (not sanctimoniously) 
assured of God's interest in his individual case, and encouraged 
to trust in Him, not for the soul's welfare only, but for the 
sake of the healing influence of such sustaining confidence. 

If religious ministrations are desired they should be dis- 
creetly afforded, even though the case be so serious as to 
exclude all other calls. 

Mr. M. N. Acller read before the Oriental Congress, a paper illustrat- 
ing the power of religious habits by comparing the death rate of the 
Jews and of the general American population from phthisis, diabetes, 
and diseases of the spinal cord, and also of the number of the insane 
amongst people similarly classified. The figures are as follows : From 
phthisis the mortality amongst the Jews per 1000 was— males 36.5T, 
females 34.02; while amongst the general population it reached— 
males 108.79, females 146.12. From diabetes— Jews per 1000— males 19.85, 
females 19.59; and the general population— males 2.74, females 1.21. 
From diseases of the spinal cord— Jews per 1000— males 9.40, females 



HINTS ON NURSING. 343 

€.18; general population— males 3.73, females 3.32. Although these dis- 
eases, spinal complaints and diabetes, have such an important influence 
on the mortality of the Jews, and are supposed to arise principally from 
nervous and mental strain (to which the exhausting business pursuits 
and head work of the Jews are supposed to subject them), the number 
of insane amongst them is only 44.5 per 100,000 of population, while 
amongst the general population of the United States it is 183. If sueh 
is the influence of special religious culture upon health, its effect in 
disease ought not to be overlooked. 

Useful Things Learned by Personal Sickness. — 

To Relieve a Hot A clung Back in Bed.— hie on one side 
and lift the cover just at the back so as to give it a cool air 
bath. 

To Rise From Bed Easily. — When suffering from lame 
back or weakness, turn on side facing the front of bed. 
Extend the under arm so that the elbow will be on the bed 
near the edge. Lift that fore-arm vertically with thumb and 
fingers torming a crotch. Now raise the other upper arm and, 
its hand crotched within the other crotch, pry down with the 
upper hand and roll the body forward at 
the same instant, and it will be gently 
but firmly lifted to almost the perpendi- 
cular with a very slight effort. 

To Walk up Stairs Without Needless 
Strain. — Keep the body perpendicular, 
and plant the heel as well as the ball of 
the foot upon the stair. 

To Relieve Uneasiness From Surface 
Heat. — Take the upper end of the bed 
FIG * 5Qm clothes in both hands and shake them up 

and down so as to make a billow motion toward the foot. If 
that is not sufficient, wring a towel out of cold water and 
iiastily rub over the surface under the underclothing, and lie 
down without drying. 

To Enjoy a Meal When Too Much Fatigued, or Stomach Too 
Feeble to Eat. — A glass of hot milk a few minutes before the 
meal ; or, stale bread crumbled into a cup of weak black tea. 

Reconstruction Must Be Upon the Principle of Construction : 
i. e. 9 what will build a baby into a healthy man, will re-build 
an invalid into health. 




344 . THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

To Relieve the Monotony of Beginning Convalescence. — Have 
a reading stand something like that in Fig. 56, on which to 
have a book of pictures, some illustrated papers, etc. 

MEDICATION. 

Health consists in an exact equipoise between the chemi- 
cal forces which seek to dissolve the physical structure of 
animal life back to its primal gaseous and mineral constit- 
uents, and the vital force which perpetuates that complex 
existence. Our condition varies from that medium normal 
line of exact equipoise, up to the most robust and exuberant 
vitality on the one hand when vital force is in excess, and 
down through derangements of vital functions, degradation of 
molecular structure, disease in all its multiform aspects, and 
death when the chemical forces prevail. De-vitalization then, 
means — in the hands of the enemy — disintegration already 
begun. It is always serious, very often fatal in its conse- 
quence. The instinct of self-preservation, as well as the warn- 
ings of experience, prompt men to seek a remedy. Too often 
they attempt to find it in drug-medication, by which is meant. 
the employment of drugs of unknown properties, or in mis- 
taken w T ays by physicians, and the haphazard use of patent 
and proprietary nostrums by self-prescription of people who 
know neither their own condition nor the nature of the com- 
pound that they purchase. The people of the United States 
spend eighty million dollars annually for such nostrums, a 
very large proportion of which adds to the torrent of disease 
that rages through civilized life. Drug-properties misapplied 
are always injurious, and usually in direct ratio with their 
good effects when rightly applied. 

The Value of Medicines. — The microscope, the spec- 
troscope and chemical analysis give clearer information now 
concerning the true condition of a patient than w^as possible 
in former years, when they are applied by experts. But not 
one case in 10,000 is thus scientifically investigated, so that 
the vast majority of cases must still be exposed to all the mis- 
chances of their condition. We could add whole chapters- 
similar to those on Pages 42-44 regarding the evils of dnujr 



HIXTS OX NURSIXG. 



345 



dosing and the uncertainties of medicine. But we protest 
that these statements should only be regarded as expressing 
the disappointment that their anthors (however eminent) met 
in their own practice, or the fact that they failed to get- 
beneath the prescribed formulas of their times to the reasons 
why. 

Medicine is not an exact science ; nor can the same cer- 
tainty reasonably be expected in its practice that is found in 



Z/w 




FIG. 57. REGIONS OF THE BODY OFTEN REFERRED TO IX TREATING 
OF DISEASE. 

the applied sciences, yet, notwithstanding this, there is enough 
of known cause and effect in it to entitle it to the confidence 
of the world in its time of direst need. Hence, in the follow- 
ing pages in addition to the treatment without drugs, for the 



346 THE SECRET OE HEALTH. 

various diseases, in deference to the convenience of the many 
whose circumstances compel them to choose medicines, and 
our own conviction of the real value of correct medication, we 
shall add such prescriptions as may be required. 

Breathing, Pulse and Weight. — The weight of the 
body at birth is from 2 to 12 pounds, or an average of 7 J 
pounds, while the average weight of a grown man 5 feet 1 inch 
high is 120 pounds, increasing gradually to about 178 pounds, 
for 6 feet in stature. When the weight increases more than 7 
per cent, above the average, respiration becomes diminished. 
Clothes average about 1-18 of the weight of the body in 
autumn and early spring. The pulse and respirations per 
minute vary as follows: 

The Pulse and Respirations Per Minute. 

Respirations. 

At birth 130 33 

At puberty 90 to 80 22-20 

From puberty to 45 or 50 80 to 75 20-18 

From 50 up to old age, a gradual decrease 75 to 65 18-10 

Some Landmarks of Diagnosis. — In the United 
States there are 18 deaths to every 1000 population, and 25 
sicknesses to every death each year. This, at 60,000,000 
population, gives 1,080,000 deaths, and 27,000,000 sicknesses 
each year. Counting 12,000,000 families, there are two and 
one-fourth disabling sicknesses in every family every year, 
that is, one sickness about every five months. If the periods 
of disability average two weeks, that will be about one week 
of every two and one-half months. Hence it is a matter of 
great importance to know how to shorten those sicknesses as 
much as possible. All sicknesses are either functional or 
organic derangements, or both. 

Functions, when not normal, are either excessive, dimin- 
ished or suppressed. 

Organs, when diseased, are in a condition of super-vitaliza- 
tion or de-vitalization. 

Functional: The functional states may be learned from 
their appropriate secretions, excretions and other products, 
such as sensibility in a nerve, thought in a brain, etc., which 
are excessive, diminished or suppressed according to the activ- 
ity of the function. 



HIXTS OX NURSING. 347 

Organic: Organic super-vitalization is indicated by aug- 
mented circulation and temperature, and corresponding increase 
of functional activity. Organic de-vitalization is known (1), 
"by diminished circulation and temperature, with corresponding 
decrease of functional activity as in local paralysis, or (2), by 
increased temperature, with sluggish, plethoric circulation and 
partial or entire suspension of functional activity, as in 
abscesses, or (3), by reduced temperature, stasis of circulation, 
suspension of nutrition, and disposition to slough, as in old 
-ulcers. 

Systemic: When there is excess in one region there is 
usually corresponding deficiency elsewhere. 

Remedies : Therefore remedies for any of these conditions 
should be — (1). At the point of the disturbance, in order to 
correct the excess or deficiency agents, the effect of which is 
opposite to the condition to be changed. (2). Remote from 
the locality, in order to reinforce the local agent, means that 
will tend to restore the balance of circulation and temperature, 
e. g. a congestion about the chest should not only have a local 
relaxant, but a foot stimulant to act together toward the same 
object. 

Questions to be Asked in Selecting a Remedy: 

1. Does the disease exhibit over-stimulation? If so, seek 
a relaxant. 

2. Does the disease exhibit over-relaxation? If so, seek a 
stimulant. 

;i. Does the disease exhibit deficient secretions? If so, 
seek a secernent. 

Secernents are remedies that excite the secretions, such as saliva, 
gastric juice, bile, intestinal fluid. 

Excernents are remedies that increase the excretions, perspira- 
tion, faeces, urine. 

4. Does the disease exhibit retained excretions? If so, 
seek an excernent. 

5. Does the disease exhibit both over-relaxation and 
over-stimulation ? Then combine relaxants and stimulants. 

0. Does one exist in large measure and the other in 
small? Then adjust the combination accordingly. 



348 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Nature can only be helped by giving the opposite of any 
surplus condition. 

States and Indications Classified. — States of Func- 
tional Excess: (1). Excess of secretions, ear-wax, tears, saliva* 
gastric fluid, bile, intestinal fluids, pancreatic fluid, mucus,, 
spermatozoa and ovules, known by comparison with normal 
average. (2). Excess of excretions. Perspiration, carbonic 
acid and water of expiration, urine, faeces, bile, and menses, 
known by comparison with the normal average. (3). Excess- 
of sensibility and thought, unless extreme, difficult to ascertain* 

Indications in Such Excess: Rule. The average normal 
quantity per day of any secretion or excretion, corrected by 
the peculiarities of the individual as learned from his experi-, 
ence, is a true guide as to his physical condition in those 
respects, e. g. the average secretion of urine is about forty 
ounces per day, but during a long period of health, Mr. A. has 
uniformly secreted but thirty-four ounces, therefore, the latter 
is his normal standard, and if at any time it be found to run 
for several days together at forty-four ounces while no change 
in diet or habits can account for it, he is justified in conclud- 
ing that an abnormal excess of action of the kidneys is 
present. So of any excretion or secretion that is open to 
observation. 

States of Deficient or Suppressed Secretions, etc., are the 
opposite of the foregoing, and of course require opposite 
treatment. 

Merely functional disturbances of whatever nature, are 
easily and safely curable by water applications alone, or rein- 
forced by simple teas, extracts, embrocations, etc. 

States and Indications of Organic Diseases. — 
These, particularly the de-vitalized conditions, are far more 
serious than the functional, because the more complete the 
devitalization the more do they approximate death. The first 
stage of congestion is one of supervitalization ; it is nature 
concentrating her energies for the expulsion of some foe or the 
repair of some lesion. Therefore, when the heat and pain are 
felt, they are nature's call for relaxants if there be obstruction 
or irritating foreign matters present, and for rest and invigora- 



HINTS OX XURSTXO. 349 

tion if there be repair to carry forward. Hence the tepid bath, 
or the lobelia for relaxation, and the cool compress for the heal- 
ing. But when the foe has become too strong and is safely 
entrenched as in a chronic nicer, relaxation will only extend 
the area of his conquest. 

Super-vitalization must be restored by antiseptics and 
stimulants until the subjugated tissue shall be sloughed off, 
and new be formed in its place. 

These illustrations are designed to convey to the common 
mind the fundamental principles that underlie all arts of cure 
by whatever means effected. Organic change from disease to 
health, when not accomplished in the manner named, is wrought 
by the analagous process of metamorphosis of tissue ; in both 
sases the principle is the same. 

Landmarks for Prescription. — The reader should 
riot be troubled about names of diseases, but should seek to 
know the condition requiring treatment, and should con- 
stantly bear in mind the fact that treatment must be opposite 
to condition. As a guide to treatment, he may act upon the 
assurance that substances and power act upon the body in four 
general ways, namely: (1). Physically, as by blows, pressure, 
the expansion of heat, contraction by cold and the like ; (2), 
chemically, as in the corrosion of acids and alkalies ; (3), sup- 
portively. as in the nourishment of food, invigoration of air 
and sunlight, etc. ; (4), depressively, as in the prostration of 
grief, narcosis, etc. 

Vitality is measured by the degree to which the life-power 
can appropriate the friendly and react against the hostile 
effects of all these operations. Remedies are instruments in 
the hands of vital force. Therefore the vitality of the patient 
-hould be as accurately estimated as his condition should be 
-correctly observed, and the means of treatment carefully 
studied. These three vantage points being gained, any person 
•can be a successful home doctor. And these not being assured, 
no man can be a successful physician, though his walls be 
adorned with medical diplomas, and medical societies make 
haste to do him honor. Dr. Cook gives three tests of true 
remedies, which it would be well for the non-professional 



350 THE SECRET OF HEALTH, 

reader to heed: (1). Their action is definite, and the vital 
response is definite; (2), can be given persistently and indefi- 
nitely until they accomplish their work ; (3), after their work 
is accomplished, the parts are stronger than they were before . 

Innervation is a word that expresses the degree of 
vitality of any part, because vitality is dependent upon the 
integrity of the nerve functions. Most remedies also act by 
direct impression upon the nervous system, although some 
neutralize morbific elements and others supply needed con- 
stituents. Diseases are marked by, even if they do not origi- 
nate in, derangements of innervation. These derangements 
affect the caliber of the blood vessels, thus modifying the cir- 
culation, temperature and functional activity of the organs and 
tissues. Normal innervation keeps up the alternate action 
which seems essential to life, as in the contraction and relaxa- 
tion of the muscles, the alternate contraction of the longitudi- 
nal and circular fibers as in peristalsis, etc., and likewise main- 
tains a similar alternate equipoise between the two systems 
of nerves, namely the cerebro-spinal and the sympathetic (or 
ganglionic). 

Important Facts: (1). Whenever a spinal nerve is excited., 
all the blood vessels supplied by that nerve will dilate, the 
blood pressure will increase, and the secretions augment. If 
the excitement be excessive, it overcomes the opposing action, 
and congestion results. In excessive spinal innervation, the 
flesh will be soft, full; pulse full, low and soft; secretions 
abundant and bland, tending to become alkaline and purulent, 
and predisposed to fevers r congestion, catarrhal affections r . 
glandular enlargements, and sluggish capillary circulation. 
Such will not bear opiates or sedatives, but require ganglionic 
stimulants. Bitter medicines energize the whole nervous sys- 
tem but particularly the cerebro-spinal. 

(2). If a ganglionic nerve be excited, the circular fibers 
of the blood vessels connected with it will contract and 
anaemia set in. If the excitement be excessive, fainting will 
result. Contraction of the circular fiber produces flexion and 
tends to atrophy. Excessive ganglionic innervation gives 
quick, wiry pulse ; hard, fine-grained tissues ; activity of mind. 



HINTS 03T NURSING. 351 

and body ; great sensitiveness, inclining toward nervous affec- 
tions, neuralgia, anaemia of brain and cord, mental diseases, 
insufficient assimilation, scanty, acrid secretions and emacia- 
tion. Such bear sedatives and bitter tonics well; because 
sedatives relieve ganglionic tension and the tonics increase 
cerebro-spinal nerve energy. Acids, acrid vegetable remedies 
and many of the alteratives and tonics excite the ganglionic 
system. 

These illustrations show the extremes of antagonistic 
innervation. A careful observation of the patient will show 
whether functional disturbance is of the congestive or anaemic 
type, and indicate the appropriate treatment as above sug- 
gested. The foregoing facts should be borne in mind in the 
application of all remedial systems. Had Dr. A. B. Wood- 
ward had these in mind he would not have written : 

The practice of giving alterative medicine is perfect guesswork. 
. . I have always been taught by my teachers that it (the word 
alterative) was a kind of dark horse to be drawn in occasionally, with- 
out having, perhaps, a very definite idea of its meaning." 

Diet as a Remedy for Disease. — Bouchard's dis- 
coveries of the poisonous properties of the excretions of the 
body, especially that the greater part of the toxic ptomaines, 
upon which those poisonous properties depend, are generated 
by microbes in the alimentary canal, the existence of which 
may be very largely regulated by the diet of the patient, shows 
the special importance of diet in sickness, and his term, "Intes- 
tinal Asepsis," presents the object to be aimed at, namely — to 
clear the alimentary canal of germs and thus rid it of their 
toxic ptomaines, which are the cause of many maladies remote 
from the digestive tract as well as those within it. A re-read- 
ing of pages 284-287 will sufficiently emphasize this point. 

Walking as a Remedy: "If we could persuade every person who 
sees this journal to make a firm and solemn resolution, and to adhere 
thereto, that he would hereafter, rain or shine, hot or cold, walk five 
miles per day, we would feel that we had accomplished a task that 
would entitle us to a place among those individuals whom we would 
esteem as great. We would ask for no further epitaph than to have 
it truthfully engraved on our editorial tombstone: Here lies the body 
of the man who succeeded in persuading his fellow creatures to walk 
five miles every day." 



352 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Thus writes the editor of "The Annals of Hygiene." 
Some get it in their daily work ; multitudes die prematurely 
for lack of it. The heat-producing function in full play 
within, and sensible clothing without, may safely defy weather, 
and the invalid should be taught to avail himself of this means 
of help in chronic ailments. 




PARTICULAR METHODS AND 
SPECIAL DIETS. 



Fifteen Methods of Treating Various Forms of Disease With- 
out Too Much Drug Dosing Fully Described, and Direc- 
tions Given for the Application of these Methods — Num- 
erous Special Diets Prescribed for use Under Certain 
Circumstances. 

In harmony with the plan of this volume to teach the 
intelligent use of healing methods, rather than reliance upon 
a particular drug-formula, the following graded methods have 
been elaborated and are commended to the careful study of 
the reader. The selection embraces a wide variety in order to 
suit the convenience of readers scattered all over this, and 
perhaps some foreign lands. 

The outlines are drawn for adults only ; therefore if chil- 
dren are to be treated, the same modifications are requisite as 
in drug dosing. (See Index). Particular reference should 
constantly be made to Our Water Treatment. Page 316. and 
Our Colon Flush, Pages 283-298. 

It is advisable never to employ strong methods when the 
average, mild, or very mild, will do as well. The brief notes 
that preface or are appended to the several methods, are of 
great importance, and should be attentively considered. 

In the succeeding part, the treatment of diseases, refer- 
ence will often be made to these methods, and should be 
always considered as an essential part of the prescriptions in 
which they occur. 

353 



354 THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 

1. Rapid Blood-Making Method. — For exhaustion 
from hemorrhage, anaemic prostration, and similar cases, use 
the following treatment, graded as the case seems to require. 

Very Mild : Milk warm from the cow, every hour or two ; 
Bovinine in small doses added to the milk. 

Mild: Bovinine added to the warm milk in larger doses, 
or Mosquera's beet cacao. 

Average: Rose's or Budisches' beef peptonoids, with milk 
and dyspepsia crackers. 

Strong : Salted raw egg retained enema every four hours, 
Mosquera's beef meal every two to four hours. If stimulants 
be indicated, egg coffee by enema or stomach, also may 
be used. Secernent methods, No. 10, mild ; excernent method. 
No. 8, very mild; calcium lacto phosphate three times a day, 
one and one-half grains, or Hensel's Tonicum one to two tea- 
spoonfuls a day. 

Very Strong : Nutritive retained enema, No. 3, page 224, 
every three or four hours, and Mosquera's beef meal every two 
hours. Oxygen inhalations, or Therino-ozone battery. If 
stimulants be indicated, our milk punch, page 222, or wine 
whey, page 231, or liquid peptonoids. Inunctions of warm 
olive oil. Secernent method, No. 10, mild; excernent method, 
No. 8, mild; calcium lacto phosphate one and one-half grains 
six times a day, or Hensel's Tonicum two to four teaspoonfuls 
a day, or both the calc. lacto. and the Tonicum as in strong. 

2. Nutritive Method. — In each case, colon flush as 
necessary to secure full regular movements of the bowels. See 
pages 284-286. Begular cool or cold baths adapted to the 
condition. See pages 19-20. Sun bath twice a week ; page 
8. Exercise in the open air according to strength. Expend 
less vitality each day than is gained. In particular diseases 
see Special Diets. Always remember that a merely mild nutri- 
tive diet in one condition may be a very strong or even a pro- 
hibited diet in another condition. Therefore study condition 
as well as nutrition. 

Very Mild : Selections from corn meal gruel, our toast, 
unleavened wafers, egg and milk, dyspepsia crackers, Boston 
crackers, bovinine in small doses, mutton chops or side, beef 
flank, gluten gems or gluten bread. 



METHODS AND DIETS. 355 

Mild: Gluten gems or gluten bread; beef neck or sir- 
loin; goose, mutton leg or shoulder; tongue. Oatmeal with 
our malt extract; sea bass, perch, porgy; canned salmon with 
our digestive salt : walnuts, hazelnuts ; chicken, chicken panada ; 
gluten cake. 

A verage : Gluten bread, beef round ; nut and fruit pud- 
ding; ox heart, smoked tongue, smoked herring, pigeon, wild 
duck, pike, beans, lentils ; liver, roach, hare ; sardines, almonds ; 
dried peas ; Mosquera's beef cacao, coffee, cream. 

Strong: Codfish creamed; Rose's, Kudisches' or the Arling- 
ton Co.'s beef peptonoids, small doses ; cottage cheese, beef 
smoked ; anti-anamiic diet ; Spanish mackerel, sausage ; peanuts. 
date pudding, peach pie deep, gluten gems. If stimulant is 
needed, eggnog, Nb.l. Our malt extract with sweets and starches, 
our digestant with meats, and our digestive salt with fish and 
nuts. 

Very Strong: Beef tea nutritive, Mosquera's beef meal, 
cottage cheese, Xo. 2, rapid blood-making method very strong, 
skimmed cheese, nut and fruit pudding, dyspepsia crackers. 
strawberry pudding, raspberry shortcake, tig pudding. If 
stimulant is needed, eggnog, Xo. 2. Digest ants as in strong, 

3. Tonic Method. — In order to be permanently bene- 
ficial, the following points are to be gained, namely : (a) 
There must be consumption of oxygen beyond the habitual 
measure, page 107. (b) The amount of food taken must be 
graduated to the intake of oxygen. Pages 101-111. (V) The 
various food elements must be adjusted to the need as deter- 
mined by the nature of the disease, the age and sex, the 
amount of exercise, the degree of exposure, and the activity of 
the secreting and excreting organs, pages 117-121. (d) Cool 
or cold baths must be adjusted to the reactionary power 
so as to secure a free and somewhat rapid metamorphosis 
of tissue, (e) If tonics are employed they must be such 
agents as will moderately constringe the tissues without 
depressing the nerves or over-stimulating the glands, and must 
contain the cell constituents that are most disturbed, e. g., 
phosphorus for depleted nerve-cells, iron for anaemic blood, 
cells, etc. 



356 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Very Mild: For the skin, partial cool ablution. For the 
nerves extra sleep and recreation. For the blood, nutritive 
method, No. 2, very mild. Secernent method, No. 10, very mild. 
For the muscles, extra outdoor exercise adapted to condition ; 
or if confined to the house, massage. 

Mild: Skin, whole cold ablutions. Nerves, kali phos. 
three times a day, or mag. phos. three grains three times a 
day. Blood, nutritive method, No. 2, mild. Secernent method, 
No. 10, mild. Excernent method, No. 8, as needed. Muscles, gen- 
tle muscle beating. By stomach or retained enema, hops, a mild 
infusion three times a day, or dandelion two ounces to the 
pint ; dose two to three ounces, three times a day. 

Average: Skin, partial cold showers. Nerves, scutellarin 
resin one-half to two grains every three hours, or caffeine 
(alk). one grain three or more times a day. Blood, nutritive 
method, No. 2, average. Secernent method, No. 10, mild, excer 
zient method, No. 8, as needed. Muscles, massage. By stomach 
or retained enema fl. ext. gentian or berberine (alk.) one-sixth 
to three grains before meals, or cascarilla powder twenty to 
thirty grains, or hydrastine (alk.) one-sixth to one-half grain 
twice a day. 

Strong: Skin, whole cold showers. Nerves, cypripedin 
{con.) one-fourth to two grains every two hours; or assoffce- 
tida ten to fifteen grains every four hours ; or valerianate of 
ainc one grain three times a day; or oil of valerian four or 
five drops every four hours. Blood, nutritive method, No. 2, 
strong. Secernent method, No. 10, as needed. Excernent 
method, No. 8, as needed. Muscles, systematic exercises adapted 
to condition ; outdoor athletic games ; by stomach or retained 
enema, quassin (neut.) one-twelfth to one-sixth grain in water 
before meals ; or cinchonine two grains three times a day ; or 
quinine sulphate two grains twice a day. 

Very Strong : Skin, cold whole baths. Nerves, phosphorus 
one-one-hundred and thirty-fourth grain three times a day 
for one week only; or strychnine sulphate (alk.) one- 
sixty-seventh to one-twenty-fourth grain every four hours; 
should be used but two or three weeks. Blood, nutritive 
method, No. 2, very strong ; secernent method, No. 10, and excer- 



METHODS AKD DIETS. 357 

nent method, Xo. 8, as needed. Muscles, thorough gymnastic 
course for harmonious development ; by stomach or retained 
enema — nitric acid five to fifteen drops in four ounces of water, 
the whole given in divided doses during the day when there is 
looseness of bowels; or nitro-hydrochloric acid three to six: 
drops in plenty of water after meals, with teeth protected in 
both cases. 

4. Blood-Cleansing' Method. — The process is the 
same for both acute and chronic cases, except that it must be 
pushed so much more rapidly in the first that it is here given 
separate consideration, and is designed to meet conditions of 
acute blood poison, malignant erysipelas, cancer, diphtheria, 
etc. The outline only indicates what should be aimed at as 
far as the circumstances allow. Of course not the whole of 
all the treatments here suggested are to be used in any case. 
but such features of each as seem best adapted, or are at com- 
mand. Much discretion should be exercised. 

Average: Head or foot vapor alternated with shawl wrap 
or nightshirt wrap. Excernent method. Xo. 8, average. Rapid 
blood-making method, Xo. 1, mild to average. One to four 
quarts of pure soft water drank daily. 

Strong : Excernent method, Xo. 8, strong : if necessary aid 
with diaphoretic method, Xo. 9, strong, or with stimulating 
method, Xo. 6, strong, and nutritive method. Xo. 1, strong. 
Peroxide of hydrogen thirty drops three times a day in water, or 
calcium sulphide one-twelfth grain six to twelve times a day. 

Very Strong: Excernent method. Xo. 8. very strong, rein- 
forced if necessary by diaphoretic method, Xo. 9, very strong. 
Also stimulating method, Xo. 6, very strong if needed, and 
nutritive method, Xo. 1, very strong. Baptism (glu.) one to 
three grains for typhoid, putrescent tendencies. Hensel's Iron 
Tonicum, large doses when the red blood corpuscles need to be 
increased ; potass, permanganate to burn out the impurities, one 
to two grains after meals. Resorcin one-half to one and one- 
half grains every two to four hours till stools are odorless, when 
-intestinal symptoms are grave. 

5. Alterative Method. — This very vague word, as 
generally used, is considered in this treatment to embrace 



358 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

excernent, secernent, and nutritive processes, and to be equiv* 
alent to a slow blood-cleansing. 

Very Mild : Excernent method, No. 8, very mild, except for 
the skin, which should be mild. Secernent method, No. 10, very- 
mild. Nutritive method, No. 2, mild. 

Mild : Excernent method, No. 8, mild, except skin, average. 
Secernent method, No. 10, mild. Nutritive method, No. 2, mild. 

Average: Excernent method, No. 8, average. Secernent 
method, No. 10, average. Nutritive method, No. 2, average. 

Strong: Excernent method, No. 8, strong, modified to suit 
anaemia and neurasthenic conditions. Secernent method, No. 10, 
strong, modified to suit plethoric conditions. Nutritive 
method, No. 2, strong, modified to suit plethoric conditions. 

Very Strong : Excernent method, No. 8, very strong, modi- 
fied like strong. Secernent method, No. 10, very strong, modi- 
fied like strong. Nutritive method, No. 2, very strong, modified 
like strong. 

When substantially the same thing occurs in Nos. 8 and 10, 
as adopted in the above gradations, the one most appropriate 
should be employed — not both. 

6. Stimulating Method. — Designed to temporarily 
quicken the action of the vital force without any permanent 
augmentation of its power. 

Very Mild: Coffee weak, one-half strength of our coffee, 
No. 1, or beef tea, or mutton broth. Warm bath every other day. 

Mild: Wine whey, beef essence, ginger tea, our coffee, 
No. 1, warm bath every day. 

Average : Coffee, double or treble our coffee, No. 1 ; hot bath 
every third day; retained enema every day of beef essence; 
Virginia snakeroot, three drams to one pint steeped in covered 
vessel an hour, much below boiling point, one tablespoonful an 
hour. Hot, dry applications often renewed. 

Strong : Milk punch, or eggnog, No. 1. Hot bath every day, 
very short, and only for a few days. Retained enema night 
and morning of black coffee or Virginia snakeroot, tincture 
one-half to one teaspoonful; or tea of smartweed, or myrrh 
ten to thirty grains every four hours. Extensive mustard 
plasters. Carbonate of ammonia, five grains every two hours ; 
fomentations, poultices, etc. 



METHODS AND DIETS. 359 

Very Strong : Whisky drink, or eggnog, No. 2. Hot salt or 
mustard bath two or three times a day, very short, only for 
two or three days, and retained enema every two to four hours 
of brandy or capsicum. Capsicum one to four grains often as 
necessary. This may alternate with prickly ash bark, ten to 
thirty grains three or four times a day. Hot and stimulating 
local applications — smartweed or pepper tea. Hypodermic 
injections of brandy. When the secretions are locked up, 
stimulants can be useful only to aid their ejection after relax- 
ants have opened the sluiceways. When the pulse is hard and 
fevered, stimulants will increase the difficulty. In these condi- 
tions, therefore, first use excernent and relaxing treatments 
until these symptoms disappear. 

7. Relaxing* Method. — Large quantities of relaxants 
should not be used in dropsy, peritoneal effusion, congestive 
chill, delirium tremens, or any congestion with decided pros- 
tration. Relaxants are only useful in states of tension, and 
are always injurious if used when the tissues are already lax. 
Tepid is practically a relative term, and while 80° may be 
such for the average, 85° will be no more than tepid to others. 

Very Mild: Tepid sponge 80° once a day, warm clothing, 
warm, moist atmosphere, and warm water as a drink; tepid 
rectal flush. 

Mild: Tepid sponge 80°, two to four times a day, or 
vapor bath 110° to 115°, once a day. Tepid shirt wrap once 
a day 15 to 25 minutes; catnip tea, balm tea. Tepid sigmoid 
flush. 

Average: Tepid full bath, or vapor 115° to 125° once a 
day; tea of black cohosh for irritable nerves, irritations of 
serous membranes, rheumatism, uterine congestions, etc. Tea 
of valerian for nervousness, restlessness, hysteria, etc. Tea of 
boneset for inward muscular structures, stomach, gall ducts, 
bowels, uterus, etc., given cold. Tepid csecal flush. 

Strong: Body pack — tepid, once a day. Tea of plurisy 
root for febrile and inflammatory conditions. Tea of lady's 
slipper for hysteria, headache, sleeplessness, and spasmodic 
action. 

Very Strong: Full tepid pack, forty to eighty minutes. 



360 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Tea of lobelia, or retained enema Nos. 7 and 23 mixed. If neces- 
sary, pack, tea and enema. 

8. Excernent Method. — Increasing the products of 
excretion ; i. e., the elimination of matter no longer needed in 
the constructive vital processes, and that must be expelled to 
prevent the deleterious effects of their chemical or mechanical 
action, if retained. 

The excernent remedy should be selected with particular 
reference to the need, not goad all the functions for the relief 
of a single organ unless the danger be imminent. Sweet and. 
starchy food should be avoided when uric acid is to be expelled 
to an unusual degree. When the formation of urea is to be 
hastened, alcohol, colchicum, opium, morphine, iodide of potas- 
sium and quinine are to be avoided. 

Very Mild: For the skin, catnip or balm tea; kidneys., 
tepid compress thirty to sixty minutes daily, cleavers tea;, 
ureants, light exercise; uric acid, drink freely of soft water; 
for the liver and gall ducts, exercise 19 a. b., page 34; for the 
bowels, rectal flush, or figs, prunes, honey, olive oil or treacle- 

Mild : For the skin, extra clothing, very warm room, yel- 
low dock tea, warm sponge baths ; kidneys, tea of agrimony* 
or tag alder, or princes pine, or pumpkin seeds, or dandelion 
root ; ureants, average exercise ; uric acid, drink freely of soft 
water and take a cold sponge bath daily ; liver and gall ducts r 
chionanthus fl. ext. ten to thirty drops three times daily* 
exercise 11a., page 32. Bowels, rectal flush and fruit diet, or 
barberry five to ten grains three times daily, or ten to fifteen 
grains of rhubarb, or thirty to sixty grains of magnesia, or one 
to two teaspoonfuls of sulphur, or thirty to sixty grains of 
cream of tartar. 

Average: Skin, sunflower seeds — boil one ounce of seeds 
and husks in a quart of water to a pint, drink freely ; warm 
full bath, or quite warm sitz; sulphur one-half teaspoonful 
three times a day. Kidneys, peach leaf tea one dram to water 
four ounces, two ounces every three hours; or burdock root 
two ounces in one quart of water boiled to one pint. Dose one 
to four ounces three times a day. Or sweet birch leaves two 
ounces to one pint of water. Dose two ounces every two hours- 



METHODS AND DIETS. 361 

Or juniper berries one ounce to one pint of water; steep ar_ 
hour. Dose two ounces every two hours. Ureants, vigorous 
exercise and the mild diuretics named for kidneys ; uric acid, 
soft water freely, cold sponge five times and cold plunge twice 
a week. Liver and gall ducts, beef gall three to five grains 
three times a day; or butternut ten to thirty drops of fl. ext- 
one to four times a day ; or retained enema Xo. 37. Bowels, sig- 
moid flush ; or thirty to sixty drops of butternut extract ; or 
four to six grains of aloes ; or phosphate of soda one teaspoon- 
ful every two hours ; or sulphate of magnesia one teaspoonful 
every hour ; or cascara sagrada ext. two to five grains ; or fl. 
ext. ten to twenty drops. 

Strong: For the skin, whole pack or hot sitz; composi- 
tion tea one teaspoonful to three-fourths pint of hot milk and 
water. Kidneys, Virginia snakeroot fl. ext. one-fourth to one- 
eighth teaspoonful; or false bittersweet — digest at low heat two 
ounces in a quart of water two hours; strain. Dose two to 
three ounces three times a day ; or fl. ext. gravel weed one to 
three teaspoonf uls ; or corn silk fl. ext. one-half to one teaspoon- 
ful three times daily. Ureants, Hensel's Iron Tonicum two to 
three teaspoonf uls a day ; or vigorous exercise and strong diu- 
retics ; or five to ten grains every two hours of ammonium chlo- 
ride. Uric acid, gravel root one-half to one teaspoonful fl. 
ext., and as much cold bathing as can be endured. Liver and 
gall ducts, leptandrin one-half to two grains; or plrytolaccin. 
crushed berries one pint, whisky one-half pint. Dose one tc 
two fl. ounces ; or sanguinarine nit. (alk.) one-eighth to one- 
twelfth grain every two to four hours. For the bowels, lep- 
tandrin; or euonymus thirty to forty drops three times a day: 
or caster oil one ounce ; or iridin one-half to three grains ; or 
colocynth fl. ext. fifteen to twenty-five drops ; caBcal flush plain 
but hot. 

Very Strong : For the skin, alcohol vapor bath ; or domes- 
tic Turkish ; or hot bath alternated with full packs ; pilocar- 
pine hyd. (alk.) one-twentieth to one-sixth grain in hot 
water every hour. Kidneys, tea of dwarf elder, infusion of 
root three to four ounces three times a day ; or queen of the 
meadow infusion four ounces three times a day; or citrate of 



362 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

potash fifteen to sixty grains several times a day. Ureants, 
phosphoric acid five to ten drops three times a day, largely 
-diluted ; or phosphate of soda three-fourths to one teaspoonf ul 
in water three or four times a day, and vigorous exercise. Uric 
acid, gravel root tea of two to three teaspoonfuls fl. ext. in 
hot water ; inhalations of oxygen and cold bathing as in strong. 
Liver and gall ducts, bitter root fl. ext. one-half to one tea- 
spoonful ; or euonymus forty to sixty drops ; or iridin one to 
four grains ; or podophyllin (resin) one-twelfth grain two to four 
times a day. Retained enema Nos. 5 and 2 mixed. Bowels, 
podophyllin one-half grain ; or blue flag two to four grains ; or 
jalapin (con.) one-half grain or more ; or gamboge one to two 
grains of the powder ; or elaterine (alk.) one-sixty-seventh to 
one-twentieth grain, not for old or feeble; csecal flush, hot 
and salt, or with one-half cup of molasses. 

9. Diaphoretic (Sweating) Method. — Use relaxing 
diaphoretics when the skin is warm and dry and the heart 
excited. Use stimulating diaphoretics when skin is cold and 
lieart feeble. Use stimulating and astringent diaphoretics 
when skin is cold and tissues lax. 

Very Mild: Warm sponge bath in very warm room. 
Warm tea of catnip or balm, or hoarhound (stimulo-relaxant) 
infusion one ounce to one quart of warm water. Dose one to 
three ounces every hour or two. 

Mild: Warm vapor bath or warm shawl wrap. Warm 
tea of feverfew (wild chamomile) — one-half ounce to one quart 
water, covered — two ounces every hour (stimulo-relaxant) ; or 
warm infusion of rosemary (stimulo-relaxant) ; or bayberry 
(myrica cerifera) warm infusion, twenty grains of powder to 
one pint. Dose four ounces every four hours (stimulo- 
astringent). 

Average: Warm nightshirt wrap; hot foot bath; quite 
warm tea of garden chamomile, one-half ounce to one pint 
"boiling water steeped ten minutes. Dose two to three ounces 
•every one or two hours (relaxo-stimulant); or catnip one-half 
ounce in one pint of hot, much below boiling, water ; use very 
freely (diffusive relaxant); or pennyroyal (relaxo-stimulant), 
two drams to the pint, two ounces every hour; or spearmint 



METHODS AND DIETS. 363 

(relaxant), two drams to the pint, often; or boneset — warm 
infusion one ounce of powder to one quart of boiling water. 
Dose one to three ounces, frequently as needed ; a nearly pure 
Telaxant; or sassafras (stimulating), warm tea of bark used 
freely; or bayberry (stimulo-astringent), warm infusion twenty 
grains to pint, four to six ounces every two to four hours. 

Strong: Warm body pack. Hot tea of Virginia snake- 
root, two tablespoonfuls every forty minutes; steep crushed 
Toot three drams one hour covered in one pint of water (stim- 
ulo-relaxant); must not boil; or pleurisy root, (relaxing), an 
ounce to the quart of boiling water. Half a cupful every two 
hours. 

Very Strong: Quite warm full pack, with hot teas of 
Virginia snakeroot, three tablespoonfuls every twenty to thirty 
minutes ; or pleurisy root six ounces every hour of warm infu- 
sion; or pilocarpus pinnatifolius (jaborandi), solid ext. three 
grains ; or fl. ext. twenty to sixty drops. The jarborandi 
causes profuse perspiration and salivation. Sustain, if neces- 
sary, with stimulants. Do not give in low conditions of vital 
depression. Saliva should not be swallowed. A dose every 
two hours until effect is gained. 

10. Secernent Method. — Increasing the secretions of 
the salivary, gastric and intestinal glands, liver and pancreas, 
2. e. those fluids that have some physiological function that is 
needed constructively in the vital processes. It is difficult to 
classify remedies with much accuracy as regards their excer- 
nent and secernent effect, for both properties are usually found 
in the same agent. Most secernents become excernents by 
increasing the dose. When a secernent effect is desired 
chloride of potassa, or atropine should not be given. 

Very Mild : For salivary and gastric glands, appetizing 
flavors ; gentle exercise in open air while fasting or abstaining, 
dill, fennel, caraway; balmony five grains three times a day, 
For intestinal glands, beef gall three grains three times a 
day; liver, sour fruit, lemonade, barberry, three grains three 
times a day; pancreas, berberine (alk.) one-sixth grain before 
meals. 

Mild: For salivary and gastric glands, ginger, allspice, 
nutmeg, balmony seven grains three times a day; intestinal 



364 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

glands, beef gall five grains three times a day ; liver, retained' 
enema No. 16 or 37 ; dandelion steep four ounces of bruised 
roots in one and one-half pints of hot water one hour, then 
boil five minutes. Strain, dose two ounces three times a day,. 
or Wahoo fl. extract thirty drops three times a day, or Roche lie 
salts small doses. Pancreas, berberine (alk.) one-third grain 
before meals. 

Average: For salivary and gastric glands, pepper, cinna- 
mon, balmony ten grains three times a day (relaxant). Intes- 
tinal glands, ipecac (relaxant), one-fourth to one grain three 
times a day; or yellow parilla (stimulo-relaxant) fl. extract 
thirty drops three times a day. Liver, retained enema No. 1 or 
7. Sanguinarin one to three grains every four hours, (stimulo- 
relaxant). Pancreas, berberine two-thirds grain before meals. 

Strong : For salivary and gastric glands, horseradish, Wor- 
cestershire sauce, Our Digestive Sauce (the best), Leicester- 
shire sauce. Intestinal glands, berberis aquifolium fl. extract 
ten to twenty drops three times a day; or capsicum (pure 
stimulant) one to three grains daily. Liver, retained enema, 
No. 2 or 5; blue flag (stimulo-relaxant) two to three grain* 
three times a day. Pancreas, berberine (alk.) one and one-half 
grains before meals. 

Very Strong : For salivary and gastric glands, horseradish 
and mustard. Intestinal glands, blue flag three to rive grains 
three times a day ; or pilocarpine hydrochlorate one-twentieth 
every hour ; not to be given in fatty heart, impeded circulation 
in lungs from heart disease, emphysema and pleurisy. Liver,, 
retained enema, podophyllum (acrid stimulant) one-tenth to 
one-half grain — not to be given in irritated conditions of 
stomach and bowels. Pancreas, berberine (alk.) one and one- 
half to three grains before meals. 

11. Emetic Method. — Always indicated when the 
stomach contains poison, or indigestible food, and whenever, as 
in croup and bronchitis, the mechanical effects of vomiting are 
desirable. Give with caution in hernia; avoid in extreme age,, 
and with tendency to hemorrhage of lungs. When emetics are 
called for, but arterial and nervous centers seem relaxed, 
known by cold skin, soft, sluggish pulse, and, if extreme, by 



METHODS AHD DIETS. 365 

-sighing respiration, give stimulants by stomach and emetic by 
retained enema. See also head note to relaxant treatment. 

Mild: Mustard water, or table salt, four teaspoonfuls in 
two ounces of water. 

Act rage: Ipecac for hot, dry conditions. May need a 
stimulant afterward if it leaves skin cold and pallid, and with 
inability to throw off secretions. Bloodroot for very sluggish 
conditions, twenty-five to thirty grains aided with lukewarm 
-water and tickling the throat. 

Strong: Lobelia forty to sixty grains in eight ounces of 
water ; unless haste is essential, give in one to two ounce doses, 
ifive to ten minutes apart. Too rapid relaxation may cause 
•crampy pains, which will disappear as soon as the relaxation 
becomes equally distributed. 

Very Strong: Lobelia sixty grains in four ounces of 
water. A large teaspoonful infused in covered vessel twenty 
minutes (not boiled). A teaspoonful of composition infused 
in six ounces of water covered twenty minutes, then add three 
ounces of milk. If patient is feverish give first one ounce of 
the lobelia, wait ten minutes and give two ounces of the com- 
position. Wait eight minutes and give another ounce of 
lobelia; wait eight minutes and give two ounces of composi- 
tion. Wait five minutes and give another ounce of lobelia, and 
rive minutes later two ounces more composition. Five minutes 
later the rest of the lobelia, and in five minutes more two 
ounces composition. If still there is not full emesis, follow 
w'th copious draught of lukewarm water, and tickle the throat 
with a leather. But if at any stage vomiting has been suffici- 
ent, discontinue the teas. If the final effect desired is relax- 
ing, follow the emetic action by dessert or tablespoonful doses 
of lobelia tea as often as necessary. But if the final effect 
desired is stimulant or tonic, follow in the same way with com- 
position instead of lobelia. If the patient is relaxed at the 
outset, the emetic dosing should begin with the composition. 
Much better effect will be had by giving twenty to thirty 
grains of bicarbonate of soda in warm or tepid water before 
the emetic. 

12. Cooling (Antiphlogistic) Method. — Very 



366 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Mild: Cool air baths, amount of exposure and degree of tem- 
perature suited to the case. 

Mild: Sponge baths, tepid to cool. Tepid or cool rectal 
flush. Quinine sulphate two grains every four hours ; or cin- 
chonine two and one-half grains every four hours. Local 
applications of bay rum and borax, puff powders. 

Average: Diet deficient in fat and force elements; fre- 
quent sponging without drying ; tepid sigmoid flush ; aconite, 
seven drops tinct. in four ounces water, teaspoon ful every thirty 
minutes ; or salicin, two to eight grains every hour ; or quinine, 
three grains every three hours. 

Strong: Diet exclusively of buttermilk; tepid esecel 
flush; nitrous ether. Ether spray, see index; salicin six to 
twelve grains every hour, or quinine four grains every two 
hours. 

Very Strong: Diet of cold water or lemon and water 
only ; cold bath until the temperature is reduced ; tepid csecel 
flush of cream of tartar water, one to two teaspoonf uls to the 
pint; pilocarpus hydrochlorate (alk.) one-sixth in hot water r 
hourly. 

13. Revulsive Method. — Very Mild : Surface stimu- 
lation at a little distance from the affected point by hot fomen- 
tations, mustard, etc. 

Mild: Gentle rubbing away from the place affected, 
beginning at a distance and working closer until it is included,, 
but always rubbing away from it as a center. While rubbing,, 
dip the hands frequently in cold water. 

Average: Cool compress on part affected, heat at some 
distant extremity. 

Strong: Cold compress on part affected. Heat on all dis- 
tant extremities, with No. 7 relaxing method, strong if needed in 
tense fevered conditions ; or No. 6 stimulating, strong in pros- 
trate conditions tending to gangrene or collapse. 

Very Strong: Cold dripping compress on part affected, 
heat on all distant extremities. Mustard on intervening sur- 
faces with very strong relaxing treatment, No. 7, if needed in 
tense fevered conditions; or very strong stimulating, No. 6, in 
prostrate conditions tending to gangrene or collapse. 



METHODS AND DIETS. 36? 

14. Hardening Method. — Very Mild: Barefoot in 
the house one-half hour to two hours daily. Exposure of the 
whole skin (naked) to the air of the room at 70° to 95° F. 
fifteen to thirty minutes. Cool sponge bath daily in room 70° 
to 80° F. A brisk walk in the open air in clothing insufficient 
for comfortable warmth without the exercise ; must add more 
clothing instantly upon stopping ; or sectional ablution in room 
60° to 70° F. as follows: 1. Plunge one foot into cold water 
on rising from the bed, wipe and dress it quickly as possible. 
Shawl over shoulders. 2. The other foot the same. 3. Wash 
head and neck, and dry hair thoroughly. 4. One arm. 5. 
The other. 6. Stripped to waist, wash chest and abdomen. 
7. Take towel stringway, one end in each hand, throw the mid- 
dle over one shoulder, one hand up, the other down, and saw 
the upper back into a glow, then saw across the back down 
to waist. Then, leaning forward, throw^one handful of water 
over on the spine, having the towel around the body at the 
waist to protect the clothing, then saw it dry and dress. 8. 
Drop the clothing off one limb to the foot and wash and dry. 
9. Then the other. 10. The whole process should not take 
over five minutes, unless the person is very feeble, in which 
case he should lie down a few minutes, well covered, as soon as 
he is dressed. 

Mild: Barefoot outdoors one-half minute to five min- 
utes. Air bath at 60° to 65° F. ten to twenty minutes, keep- 
ing in constant motion. Cold sponge bath daily in room at 
60° to 65° F. Cold daily head ablution, drying thoroughly. 
Or, sectional ablution in room 50° to 60° F., same as very 
mild sectional, except both limbs are exposed at once, the 
water is dashed on with the hand, and no part is dried except 
the head, and three or more dashes are made on each place. 

Average: Cold water tread one to ten minutes daily. 
Cold arm plunge one-fourth to one minute twice a week. Cold 
ablution in cold room and dress without drying, and exercise 
till warm. Cold daily head ablution. 

Strong: The cold water tread, the arm plunge and head 
ablution as in average. Cold hip and thigh shower twice a 
week. Cold ablution on the days when the arm plunge and 
shower do not occur. 



368 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Very Strong : Water tread and head ablution as in strong. 
Shoulder and back shower twice a week, and cold ablution on 
all other days. None of these should be carried so far as to 
reduce vital heat, or cause congestions anywhere. If not sen- 
sibly improving every week, fall back to the less vigorous 
treatment. 

15. Astringent Method. — Should not be employed 
when inflammation or acute irritation is present. 

Very Mild: Internally or externally. Tea of chestnut 
leaves, or eyebright herb, or strawberry, red raspberry, or 
huckleberry bark, false wintergreen, life everlasting, sweet fern, 
yellow dock, or stone root. 

Mild: Tea of either agrimony herb, beech bark, sweet 
birch, bark and leaves, cinchona, dogwood, witch hazel, bugle- 
weed, rhubarb three to five grains every three or four hours, 
white willow, golden rod, queen of the meadow, Solomon's seal, 
tag alder, water or white pond lily. 

Average: Tea of either horse-chestnut rind, ambrosia 
leaves, uva ursi, shagbark hickory, — middle bark three to 
eight grains three times a day, — cranesbill, sumac, fireweed, 
bayberry fl. ext., five to ten drops, or rose willow. 

Strong : Tea or solution of either yarrow, gallic acid five 
to fifteen grains, tannic acid two to fire grains every six hours, 
alum five to fifteen grains every three or four hours, rhatany, 
hardhack, myrrh two to five grains three or four times a day, 
marsh rosemary, or pomegranate rind. Externally, hemlock 
bark, white oak bark, catechu, or tannic acid (five grains per 
ounce). 

Very Strong : Monsel's solution, five to ten drops to ounce 
atomized, or three to six drops by stomach; or alum root, or 
Heuchera Amer. (for external use), or kino five to fifteen 
grains every two to six hours, or stinging nettle five to ten 
grains. 

PARTICULAR DIETS. 

The whole medical world is aroused upon the subject of 
the proper feeding of the sick, so much so that the medical 
journals are teeming with articles discussing the theme. Not 



METHODS AXD DIETS. 369 

less than three medical journals have been named expressly to 
be regarded as exponents of the subject : The Journal of Bal- 
neology and Dietary : Food, a Journal of Hygiene and Nutrition, 
each in its fifth volume, and The Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette, 
now in its ninth volume, all give particular prominence to the 
question. Yet the author has searched in vain through many 
hundred pages of these journals, and thousands upon thousands 
of others, to find a single article of practical value as a stand- 
ard, scientific expression of the physiological and therapeutic 
results of modern research in this direction. 

Dr. W. H. Porter, editor of the American Medico- 
Surgical Bulletin (formerly Merck's Bulletin), has done very val- 
uable service in a series of articles running through seventeen 
numbers on the "food values" of different foods, each consid- 
ered as an entire dietary in itself ; and Dr. James Wood, in the 
same journal, has emphasized the importance of avoiding the 
excessive use of sweets and starches in the feeding of the 
young. But beyond these contributions, the whole wilderness 
of matter published is the sheerest empiricism, as contradictory 
as can be imagined. Even the forty-seven large, double col- 
umn pages of Food's last issue contain but a single page (and 
that copied from "A Hand Book of Invalid Cooking") giving 
anything practical, and that is so unpractical that it merely 
enumerates certain articles as suggestive of what may be used 
on successive days — of precisely as much real value as the bill 
of fare of a restaurant. All writers express and reiterate the 
importance of correct feeding, but not one tells how to do it. 

How To Do It. — This universally felt need, the author 
proposes to meet in this section (in addition to Part III, on 
Diet) as far as in the nature of things it is possible for him to 
do this without personal investigation of each patient. 

Certain things must be premised. 

1. The Standard of Construction in all the diet- 
aries is that of a man in full health, but doing no work. 

2. For Women, — About one-fourth should be deducted 
for a woman in the same circumstances. 

3. For Children.— Deduction must be made according 
to Prof. Atwater's table on page 371. 

24 



370 THE SECBET OF HEALTH. 

4. For the Sick. — Further modification must be made* 
according to the case. In brief sickness, embracing reduc- 
tions in fiber, fat and force foods at pleasure ; but in lingering 
cases, holding the fiber foods up to the normal standard, while 
changing the fat and force elements to suit the exigencies as 
they arise. 

5. The Quantities named in each dietary constitute 
the rations for twenty-four hours, to be divided into the three 
or more meals at the discretion of the nurse, or pleasure of the- 
patient. 

6. Changing the Dietary. — Should an article of an 
approved diet be distasteful or otherwise unsuited to the patient, 
another may be substituted of the same elemental constit- 
uents as found in the working table ; but the necessary trans- 
position must be made from the pounds and grams of the table, 
into the ounces of the dietaries. 

7. When a Reduction is Made in a dietary, it 
should not be by dropping out one or more of the articles 
entirely, but should be by a proportionate reduction of all the 
articles composing it, so as not to change the proportion of 
its elements. 

8. Variety of Food. — In these dietaries, constant ref- 
erence is had to the importance of variety and of keeping the 
food value up to the full demands of the reparative processes, 
both of which are practically ignored in the ordinary provi- 
sions for the sick. 

9. Avoiding Errors. — Should the objection be made 
that in the necessary adaptations of these dietaries to individ- 
ual cases, there is likely to be the same empiric guesswork that 
now dominates the whole field of invalid food-supply, the 
answer is : The difference is very great. In one case, there is 
no conception of what is needed, and no standard by which to 
rule the judgment. In the other, the exact need (in health) is 
specified in so many ounces of each food element, so many 
calories of energy and so many pints of oxygen, and that need 
is the standard of judgment with a sliding scale of adaptation 
equally exact for women and children, and capable of being 
applied to the sick with corresponding exactness whenever the 



METHODS AKD DIETS. 



371 



observer is competent to detect in the condition of the sufferer 
nutritive states analagous to those of infancy, childhood, youth or 
womanhood. Mistakes unquestionably will occur, but the 
standard is an ever present corrective, and the chances of 
serious mishap from them are a thousand fold less than under 
the haphazard custom now prevailing. 

lO. The Standard Required. — A man of average 
height and weight, at no work, requires in each day of twenty- 
four hours, food that' shall furnish in digestible form, of the 
fiber element 3.5 ounces, fat 3.5 ounces and of the force ele- 
ments (see definition on Page 100) 8.4 ounces, a total of 15.1 
ounces of the actual nutritive elements of food. This fur- 
nishes 2,321 calories of energy, and for its proper assimilation 
requires capacity of inhalation sufficient to furnish 1312 
pints of pure oxygen. Adding for women and children, we 
get this comparison : 

STANDARD OF ACTUAL FOOD ELEMENTS REQUIRED EVERY TWENTY- 
FOUR HOURS, STATED IN OUNCES. 





Fiber. 


Fat. 


Force. • Calories. : Oxygen. 


Man 

Woman 

Child 6 to 14 yrs 

Child 2 to 6 yrs 

Child 1£ yrs 


3.5 
2.8 
2.6 
1.9 
1.0 


3.5 
2.8 
1.5 
1.4 
1.3 


8.4 
6.3 
11.4 
7.0 
2.6 


2,324 
1,743 
2,041 
1,418 

767 


1,312 

1,036 

1.367 

871 

371 















These standards for children are for normal play condi- 
tions. "Xo work" with them would be no play. 2s o estimates 
have been made for that. 

11. Oxygen deeded. — On pages 94, 104-112, the neces- 
sity of lung capacity, including both size and use, to digest- 
ive possibilities, has been shown and is recalled here because in 
these particulars mainly sickness may bring the adult to the 
state of childhood or even infancy. 

For example, a man with pneumonia may have his lungs 
so occluded by the disease that his real respiratory capacity is 
no more than that of a three-year-old child. Aside from the 
debilitating effects of his disease, his digestive capacity, from 
the mere lack of oxygen, must be reduced in the same ratio. 
Now add the debility and the poisonous accumulations of a 
suboxidized blood current, and the digestive capacity may be 



372 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

cut down to the assimilation of a very small amount of predi- 
gested liquid pabulum only. 

On the other hand, the patient sometimes needs nourish- 
ment far beyond his seeming ability to dispose of it. For 
example: In the third stage of consumption, the nervous 
restlessness, coughing and uncompensating rapid breathing are 
all work done requiring sustainment. The breathing is called 
uncompensating, because it yields no proportionate oxygen 
iutake. Besides that work done, there may be the albuminous 
waste of a half-pint of pus matter from discharging abscesses, 
which calls for a corresponding supply of fiber element. Hence 
the food should be rich in predigested proteids and in those 
fat and force foods that require the least oxygen for their com- 
plete digestion. Hence the importance of a dietary exactly 
adjusted to the conditions of the case. 

12. Interchange of Diets. — Except in diabetes, 
fevers, and some other extreme cases, the diets are largely 
interchangeable, thus materially multiplying the commissary 
resources of the sick ; but when made, the change should con- 
sist in the substitution of one entire dietary for another, not 
parts of one for parts of another, except as noted in No. 6. 

13. Digestants. — Pepsin to aid stomach digestion. 
Pancreatin to assist pancreatic digestion. Oxgall to aid bile 
digestion. Papoid to supplement all the digestive processes. 
Peptenzyme is also claimed to have the same effect. 

Our Digestant has the same effect as papoid, together with 
peculiar appetizing and stimulant properties. Our Digestive 
Salt is similar to Our Digestant, but in a dry form. 

14. Rating- of Foods. — Diets are rightly proportioned 
for no work when they contain of fiber one part, fat one part, 
and force 2.4 parts, but much latitude is allowable if the fiber 
and calories be sufficient. Diets are fiber when they consist of 
more than one part of proteids to 4.6 parts of fat and force 
elements combined. Diets are fat when they contain 1.5 parts 
of fat to one of fiber, and 3.6 of force constituents. Diets are 
force or starchy when their calories are more than 700 to each 
one part of fiber. 



METHODS AND DIETS. 373 

Protein diet is appropriate whenever the fibrous tissues 
are wasted by disease or abstinence, or the system suffers an 
unusual drain of albuminous material, as in the third stage of 
consumption, in abscess, some of the catarrhs, or in the heal- 
ing of extensive wounds. 

Fat diet is needed in excessive emaciation, nervous pros- 
tration, when fat is needed for fuel without the intermediate 
process of digestion which the force foods must undergo, and 
when exposed to a low degree of temperature. 

Force diet should be resorted to when the energies of the 
system are greatly taxed by severe labor, great grief or anxiety, 
insufficient ferments to digest the fiber and fat elements, and 
states of prostration where the bodily heat must be maintained 
in the absence of ability to take other nourishment. Its 
extreme forms are only fit for emergencies when an extra strain 
is placed upon the vital powers. 

Liquid diets are designed for those conditions of inactivity 
and disease in which the digestive functions are too feeble to 
reduce solids, and in which the intake of oxygen is small. 
Useful in typhoid fever, dysentery, extreme nervous prostra- 
tion, collapse from shock, etc. 

Semi-fluid diets have the same purpose as liquid to a more 
limited degree. 

1 Solid diets are appropriate in those cases where liquids 
increase fermentation, and in those where bulk is to be avoided, 
or where an excess of hydrochloric acid is to be employed in 
the work of digestion. 

Mixed diets approximate the normal, and are to be used 
especially in convalescence. 

Consumption is the only disease in which sufficiently 
numerous measurements have been taken to afford a basis for 
a pretty accurate general average of respiratory capacity, and 
Consequent digestive possibilities. The first stage has been 
found to have but 67 per cent., the second but 57, and the third 
but 46 per cent of the normal. Hence one who, in health with- 
out work, with 222 cubic inches of lung capacity, requires daily 
food in the proportions and quantity of fiber 3.5 ounces, fats 
3.5, force 8.4 ounces, yielding 2324 calories of energy and 



374 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

requiring 1312 pints of oxygen, would, in the several stages, 
need but the following. (These calculations assume that respi- 
ration and digestion are equal.) 





Fiber. 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 


Fat. 


Force. 


Calories. 
1559. 
1329. 

1088. 


Oxygen. 


First stage 


2.3 
2.0 
1.6 


4.5 

3.3 
1.9 


879. 


Second stage 

Third stage 


748. 
003. 















Obviously, therefore, the patient's diet should be adjusted 
to these facts. The fiber constituent should be kept as near 
the normal requirement as possible, because the waste of nitrog- 
enous substance is so excessive, both from innutrition and 
pus-expectoration. 

The fats should be mainly animal because they are 
absorbed directly into the system, while the vegetable fats 
combine with soda salts in the duodenum into hard soap and 
are thus chiefly lubricants of the intestines, and the fuel value 
of the first is vastly in excess of the lubricant value of the last. 

The force element should be selected so as to yield the 
greatest number of calories of energy with the least expendi- 
ture of oxygen. 

With these principles in mind we proceed to construct 
some illustrative dietaries as suggestive of what should always 
be done for these sufferers. 

[The Figures in all these diets represent ounces or decimal 
parts of ounces. They are not per cents, or parts in 100. The 
analyses of foods have all been calculated over into ounces, 
because common people can estimate food more readily by 
weight, and they have not the time to figure out the weight of 
each food necessary to furnish the required elements. In these 
diets for consumption, Ave give the details of the calculation, 
but only the summaries are given in succeeding diets.] 

The First Stage of Consumption requires a daily ration that 
will supply of fiber or nitrogenous elements 3.5 ounces, of fat 
2.3 ounces, of force elements 4.5 ounces, yielding 1559 calories 
of energy and requiring only 879 pints of oxygen for its proper 
assimilation. Such a ration may be thus composed : 



METHODS AND DIETS. 



375 



Diet No. 1. 


Food. Fiber. 
Ounces. 


Fat. 

Ounce*. 


Force. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 
Units. 


Oxygen. 
Pints. 


Beef 


10 ozs. = 1.500 i 

10 ozs. = 1.310 

3 ozs. = .204 

12 ozs. = .046 

12 ozs. = .444 

1 oz. = .010 

loz. == .003 


1.400 
.300 
.111 




550. 
230. 
162. 
186. 
228. 
226. 
112. 


230. 


Fish 

Gl. Bread .. 
Fruit .... 


.738 
1.548 
.588 
.005 
.967 


100. 

48. (p. 218) 
60. 


Milk 

Butter 

Sugar 


.408 
.850 


84. 
87. 
36. 






Total 


49 ozs. = 3.517 


3.069 


3.846 


| 1694. 


645. 



It will be seen that in this sample the fats are slightly in 
excess, while the force element seems deficient ; but it should 
be remembered that the fat and force constituents are in their 
physiological results interchangeable ; thus the calories show 
an excess by reason of the surplus fats. But this overplus of 
the calories is all right, so long as there is a good margin of 
oxygen intake above its necessary expenditure in the trans- 
formation of these food elements. In this case 234 pints of 
oxygen are to spare. 

The Second Stage of the disease having been reached, call- 
ing for a daily supply of fiber 3.5 ounces, fat 2, and force 
elements 3.3, yielding 1329 calories, and requiring 748 pints of 
oxygen — the following would be appropriate : 



Diet Xo. 2. Food. Fiber.! Fats. 


Force. 


Calories.; Oxygen. 


Egg coffee ! 9\ ozs. = 0.192 

P. barlev 1 oz. — .116 


.170 
.021 


.162 
.655 

'.104 ' 

'.387 ' 

.712 

1.500 


86. 

95. 

48. 
127. 
112. 
536. 

46. 
158. 
180. 
135. 


34. (p. 214) 
33. 


Boviniue 3 ozs. = .417 

Mosq. B. meal 1 oz. = .772 

Creamed codfish. 4 ozs. = .252 

Chops 8 ozs. = 1.200 

Fruit 3 ozs. — .011 


.042 

.136 

.260 

1.496 

'.228 

'.'350* ' 


27. 
27. 

44. (p. 212) 
216. 
15. 


Gl. gems 2 ozs. = .160 

Peach foam 4 ozs. = .006 

B'f lea, nutritive. 5 ozs. = .375 


58. (p. 218) 

56. (p. 226) 

57. (p. 208) 


Total 4(>i; ozs . = 3.5oi 


2.703 


3.520 


1523. 


567. 



In this illustration the fat and iorce elements and calories 
are all in excess, but as there are still 181 pints of sur- 
plus oxygen, it may be considered a safe ration, and is pur- 
posely constructed with these deviations in order to show the 
latitude that may be allowed. 

The Third Stage is marked not only by greatly diminished 
respiratory capacity, but by a general breakup of all the vital 
forces. Hence the food must be adjusted, not only elementally 
and in quantity to the case, but in its form as well. The 



376 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



following diet may be regarded as an example, to furnish the 
needed fiber 3.5 ounces, fats 1.6, force 1.9, calories 1088 r 
oxygen 603 : 



Diet No. 3. 



Liquid peptonoids 

Mosquera's beef meal 

Oyster stew 

Eggs 

Fruit 

Chicken panada 

Dyspepsia crackers... 

Butter 

Cream 



Total . 



Food. Fiber 



2 ozs. = 1 

1 oz. = 
4 ozs. = 

2 ozs. = 
6 ozs. = 
4 ozs. = 
2 ozs. = 
h o r L. = 
2 ozs. = 

23^ ozs. = 3 



.400 

.772 
.252 
.236 
.023 
.498 
.180 
.005 
^54 
C420 



Fat. 


Force. 


Calo. 


.188 


.206 


236. 


.136 




127. 


.008 


.025 


8. 


.204 


.008 


82. 




.774 


93. 


.048 


.126 


45. 


.060 


1.180 


226. 


.470 


.002 


113. 


.534 
1.648 


.056 


153. 


2.377 


1083. 



Oxygen. 



27. 
4. 
36. 
30. 

18. (p. 211) 
60. (p. 214) 
43. 
60. 



374. 



The greater the prostration, the more should the food sup- 
ply fall within the oxygenating capacity in order to compensate 
for less vigorous elimination, and probable deficient ventila- 
tion. Hence 229 pints of oxygen are allowed in excess in this 
example. 

The greater the disturbance in the nutritive functions, 
the more carefully should both the average and the individual 
digestibility of the food be considered. See working table, 
page 133, for the average, and ascertain the experience of the 
patient for the individual, giving special emphasis to the fact 
that foods which are poorly digestible in health, will be much 
less so in disease. This diet has a high average digestibility. 

Another Example. — As it may be difficult in some parts of 
the country to obtain liquid peptonoids, Mosquera's beef meal 
and oysters, a substitute is added for the diet No. 3, as follows :. 



Diet No. 4. 


Food. Fiber 
8 ozs. = .400 
6 ozs. = .756 
6 ozs. = .023 
2 ozs. = .054 
i oz. = .002 
4 ozs. = .498 
4 ozs. = 1.000 
6 ozs. = .696 
2 ozs. = 

38£ ozs. = 3.429 


Fais. 


Force. 


Calories. 
144." 

84. 

93. 
153. 

56. 

45. 
116. 
222. 
217. 


Oxygen 




.376 
.012 


56. 


Whites of eggs — 




42. 


.774 
.056 

.001 
.126 


30. 


Cream 


.535 
.235 
.048 
.040 
.426 


60. 


Butter 


21. 


Chicken panada .. 

Dressed game 

Dried beef stew... 
Whisky 


18. 
52. 


.282 
.492 


90. 
73. 


Total 


1.672 


1.731 


1130. 


442. 







Oxygen surplus in this case 203. 

It may be thought impossible for the patient to consume 
this quantity in twenty-four hours. So it has been thought 
impossible for any to recover from this stage, yet many have. 



METHODS AXD DIETS. 37? 

It will doubtless require appetizers and perhaps digestants. 
with much outdoor air to enable one to digest this supply, but 
the nearer it can be approximated, the greater will be the 
chance of recovery. 

Having given these illustrations at length, the remaining* 
diets will be formulated more briefly, but all are worked out 
with equal care. 

For the composition of the particular articles named in 
these diets, see index in each case. 

PARTICULAR DIETS GROUPED BY CONSISTENCY. 

Fluid Diets. — Of the following rations, Xos. 5 to 11 
inclusive, are only fit for inactive conditions, because of their 
deficiency in energy, but their small oxygen requirement spec- 
ially adapts them to states of extreme sub-oxidation, and as 
their full fiber constituents amply sustains the constructive 
processes, they are the best for extreme cases. The two last 
diets of this group, Xos. 12 and 13, have the same general 
characteristics as their predecessors, with the advantage of 
being appropriate in more active conditions ; hence may be 
relied upon sometimes in "about-t he-house" ailments, instead 
of being confined to bed sicknesses. 

Five. — Kumys, 125 ozs. This f uniislies of fiber 3.5 ozs or the correct 
amount, of fat 1.1 ozs and of force 8.8 ozs. It yields 1,750 calories of 
energy, a deficiency of 574, and requires for its assimilation sufficient 
air to furnish C25 pints of oxygen. Our standard of respiration being 
1,312 pints in the twenty-four hours, gives a surplus of 687 pints of 
oxygen. 

Six, — Kefir, 93 ozs : Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 1.8, force 1.8, calories 1,162, oxygen 
465. Fiber enough ; energy deficient, 1,162 calories ; oxygen surplus, 847 
pints. 

Seven.— American Kumys, 127 ozs: Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 1.1, force 8.8. 
calories 1,778, oxygen 635. Fiber sufficient; energy deficient 546 cal- 
ories ; oxygen surplus 677 pints. 

Eight.— Milk, 95 ozs: Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 3.2, force 4.6, calories 1,805. 
oxygen 665. Deficient in force 519 calories; oxygen surplus 647 pints ; 
fiber sufficient. 

Nine.— Skimmed milk 88 ozs : Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 1.5, force 4.7, calo- 
ries 1,232, oxygen 528. Deficient in force, 1,092 calories ; oxygen surplus. 
598 pints; fiber sufficient. For temporary use in bed when pancreatic 
and biliary functions are mostly suspended. 



378 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Ten.— Buttermilk 88 ozs: Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 0.6, force 5.6, calories 
1,232, oxygen 440. Fiber just enough ; calories deficient, 1,092; surplus 
oxygen 872 pints. This has the same characteristic as No. 9, to a greater 
degree, and is preferable to that when fats cannot be tolerated and 
very little energy is required. 

Eleven.— Matzoon, 90 ozs: Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 4.4, force 4.5, calories 
1,620, oxygen 630. Fiber correct; energy deficient, 704 calories; oxygen 
surplus 692 pints. 

Twelve.— Homemade Kumys, 103 ozs: Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 3.1, force 
€.7, calories 2,060, oxygen 721. Fiber correct; deficiency in energy 264 
calories ; surplus oxygen 591 pints. 

Thirteen.— Homemade Kumys, 115 ozs. This supplies of fiber ele- 
ments 3.9 ozs, fat 3.6 and of force elements 7.8 ozs, yielding 2,300 calories 
of energy and requiring 805 pints of oxygen. The fiber is present to a 
Blight excess, calories are about right, and the oxygen surplus is 507 
pints. 

Semi-Fluid Diets. — The rations JSTo. 14 and 15 are 
appropriate in early convalescence from acnte gastritis, in 
chronic gastritis, some stomach derangements of pregnancy, 
some cases of nicer or cancer in stomach, etc. Nutri- 
tive enemas or bowel injections are added, No. 17. In order 
to give their food valne and show to what extent they may be 
depended upon to support life, assuming that they are entirely 
absorbed, while in reality only from one-fourth to three-fourths 
are assimilated. Xo. 4 D is absorbed to a greater extent than 
the others. 

Fourteen. — Clabbered milk 16 ozs, iced milk with lime water 16 
ozs, whites of eggs 4 ozs, beef tea nutritive 24 ozs, pure ice cream 6 ozs, 
oatmeal mush 12 ozs, grape juice, No. 2, 5 ozs. This yields of fiber 3.5 
ozs, fat 3.7, force 6.2, calories 2,338, oxygen 855. The fiber and calories 
are right, oxygen surplus 457. 

Fifteen. — Egg and milk 10 ozs, malt infusion 1 oz, cracker gruel 8 
ozs, blanc-mange 8 ozs, Rudishe's beef peptones 2 ozs, rice milk, No. 2, 
12 ozs, oatmeal mush 16 ozs, hot milk 8 ozs, corn meal gruel 8 ozs. This 
•gives of fiber 3.5 ozs, fats 2.6, force 10.4, calories 2,341, oxygen 852. The 
Hber is correct, with a deficiency of only 17 calories and surplus of 460 
pints of oxygen. 

Sixteen.— Boiled milk 32 ozs, beef scraped 8 ozs, blackberry cordial 
5 ozs, thickened milk 10 ozs, astringent food 6 ozs, creamed codfish 8 
ozs, butter £ oz. This yields of fiber 3.6 ozs, fat 3.8, force 9.2, cal- 
ories 2,319, oxygen 821. The astringent food is thus made: Pure pow- 



METHODS AND DIETS. 379 

dered chocolate 8 ozs, rice flour 8 ozs, sugar 8 ozs, tannin 120 grains; 
cook 30 minutes. 

Seventeen. Nutritive Enemas.— A: Beef 6 ozs, papoid 1 grain, 
water 2 ozs; divide into three portions. Thirty-two ounces of this 
food would contain of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 3.2, force 0.0, yielding 1,312 
calories and requiring 544 pints of oxygen. 

B: Milk gruel 2 ozs, beef tea stimulating 2 ozs, pancreatin 5 grains. 
Tifty ounces of this would supply of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 1, force 2, calories 
1,500, oxygen 550. 

C: Beef pulp 2 ozs, coffee syrup 1 oz, pancreatin 5 grains. Thirty- 
five ounces would supply of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 3.2, force 8.1, calories 2,240, 
oxygen 770. 

D: Whites of eggs 2 ozs, salt one-half teaspoonful, pancreatin 5 
grains. Twenty-eight ounces of this would furnish of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat .05, 
force 0, calories 392, oxygen 196. 

E: Milk gruel 1 oz, beef tea nutritive 2 ozs, pancreatin 5 grains. 
Porty ounces of it would yield of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 2.8, force 0.1, calories 
1,260, oxygen 520. 

F : Grated oysters 3 ozs, cream 1 oz, papoid J grain : Twenty-four 
©zs; gives of fiber 1.2 oz, fat 1.8, force .7, calories 714, oxygen 288 pints. 

Nutrient Suppositories : Beef tea nutritive one pint evapor- 
ated in a double boiler to the consistence of molasses, add as 
much cacao butter as there is of the concentration, melt 
together, and cool in a shallow dish. Cut with a warm knife, 
and shape into cones. Use in place of nutritive enema. 

In all cases, the bowels should first be cleansed by an 
injection of warm water or castile soap water, then slowly 
inject two to four ounces as far up as possible at blood warmth, 
every two hours. After the first cleansing, if the bowels are 
empty of foecal matter, it should not be repeated oftener than 
once in a day or two. 

Solid Diets. — An exclusive meat diet has been largely 
relied upon by Drs. Saulisbury and Cutter and their admirers, 
with gratifying results in many instances, but the almost 
irresistible craving for something else which this food causes, 
renders it extremely difficult to hold patients to it, and suggests 
the query whether there is not a sound physiological reason for 
that longing, aside from mere taste. Recent experiments have 
proved that a diet of nitrogenous substance exclusively is 
assimilated only to the extent of about one-fifth, while one 



.380 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

with carbohydrates added, is absorbed to the extent of sixty 
per cent. 

Assuming for the moment entire absorption, Diet No. 18— chopped 
steak 23y 2 ozs, butter 1 oz— gives of fiber 3.5, fat 4, force 0, calories 1518,. 
and requires 627 pints of oxygen. This is so defective in energy that it 
is unfit for active conditions, and may thus answer the above question. 
If the quantity be increased to the normal demand for force, still sup- 
posing complete absorption, it will become a strong protein diet as in 
No. 33. It is impossible to make both fiber and force elements right, 
when but one or two articles constitute the diet. Making due allow- 
ance for want of absorption, No. 18 should be raised to,— steak 280 ozs* 
which would yield nearly the right increment of force, but is obviously 
an impracticable amount to ingest. 

Nineteen. — Chopped steak 23 ozs, butter 1J ozs, fruit 26 ozs: 
Fiber 3.5, fat 4.4, force 3.3, calories 2006, oxygen 789. Deficient in force 300 ; 
oxygen surplus 523. 

Twenty. — Chopped steak 13 ozs, butter 1J ozs, mutton 7£ ozs, bread 
6 ozs, fruit 19 ozs : Fiber 3.6, fat 4.6, force 3.7, calories 2342, oxygen 895 pints. 
Calories right ; oxygen surplus 417. 

Twenty-one. — Chopped steak 7 ozs, butter l£ ozs, mutton 8 ozs> 
chicken 3^ ozs, bread 4 ozs, grapes 27 ozs, Boston crackers 3 ozs : Fiber 
3.7, fat 4.1, force 6.7, calories 2333, oxygen 882 pints. Fiber and force 
substantially correct; oxygen surplus 430 pints. 

Convalescent Diets. — When a person has sufficiently 
recovered to no longer require a sick-bed diet, a ration is needed 
that will please the appetite and strengthen the patient, without 
over-taxing the digestive functions. After a sickness in which 
an all-fluid diet has been used, employ a selection from Nos. 
22 to 30. Where a meat diet has been used in sickness, the 
convalescent may be given No. 30, 31, or 32. When the patient 
has had no exclusive diet, any of the rations from Xos. 33 to 64 
may be employed, except that No. 36 to 42 inclusive, 47, 55, 
58, 61-2-3, are hardly appropriate for convalescent conditions, 
unless prescribed by the physician. 

Twenty-two.— No. 13,97 ozs, our toast 4 ozs. This yields of fiber 3.5 
ozs, fat 3.7, force 6.5, 2372 calories, and 839 pints of oxygen. Fiber right, 
energy very slightly in excess; oxygen surplus 473. 

Twenty-three.— Our toast 6 ozs, fruit 4 ozs, bovinine 2 ozs, No. 15 
81 ozs : Yields of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 3.7, force 6.1, calories 2362, with oxygen 
requirement 845. Fiber right, calories very slightly in excess, oxygen 
surplus 479, This small excess of calories is an advantage in cases of 



METHODS AXD DIETS. 381 

recovery from sickness when there is no fever, so long as there is a 
surplus of oxygen. 

Twenty-four.— Entire wheat bread 6 ozs, chopped steak 4 ozs, fruit 
€ ozs, butter 1 oz, Xo. 13, G5 ozs. Yields fiber 3.5, fats 3.5, force 8.3, calo- 
ries 2319, oxygen 832. Fiber and calories right; oxygen surplus 486 
pints. 

Twenty-five.— Poultry 6 ozs, fruit 8 ozs, egg coffee 9^ ozs, creamed. 
oysters 6 ozs, entire wheat bread 4 ozs, butter 1^ ozs, Xo. 13,55 ozs: 
Gives of fiber 3.5, fat 4, force 7.3, calories 2338, oxygen 857. Fiber and 
■calories right ; oxygen excess 455 pints. 

Twenty-six.— Our toast 4 ozs, whisky drink 2 ozs, Xo. 12, 83 ozs : 
Yields of fiber 3.6, fat 1.3, force 6.4, calories 1810, oxygen 647. Fiber suffi- 
cient, calories short 514, oxygen surplus 665. Should there be much 
muscular emaciation, Xo. 34 may be better, if the digestive functions 
are competent. This is only for inactive conditions where stimula- 
tion is necessary, and is compatable with still further stimulation on 
account of its defective calories, although that defect may be a merit 
in some fevered conditions of short duration. 

Twenty-seven. — Our toast 6 ozs, fruit 8 ozs, pure ice cream 4£ ozs, 
sugar 1 oz, Xo. 12, 73 ozs : Yields of fiber 3.4, fat 2.5, force 8.3, calories 2330, 
oxygen 829. Fiber and calories right ; oxygen surplus 483 pints. 

Twenty-eight.— Entire wheat bread 6 ozs, chopped steak 4 ozs, 
fruit 12, butter J oz, sugar If ozs, cream 4 ozs, Xo. 12, 52 ozs : Gives of fiber 

3.6, fat 2.5, force 10.6, calories 2344, oxygen 846. Energy and fiber correct ; 
oxygen surplus 466 pints. 

Twenty-nine.— Xo. 12, 46 ozs, sherry wine 8 ozs, poultry 6 ozs, egg 
coffee 9\ ozs, creamed oysters 6 ozs, fruit 15 ozs, butter 1 oz, wheat 
"bread 4 ozs : Fiber 3.5, fat 3.7, force 7.8, calories 2324, oxygen 867. Fiber 
and energy right; oxygen surplus 445 pints. 

Thirty.— Convalescence ; after meat diet during the sickness. For 
one or two weeks — lean meat 20 ozs, our toast 2 ozs, milk 12 ozs : Yields 
of fiber 3.5, fat 3.5, force 6, calories 1444, oxygen 624. Fiber right, calo- 
ries too deficient for any active exertion, or for a long time; oxygen 
surplus 688 pints. 

Thirty-one. — For the next two weeks. Lean meat 16 ozs, our toast 4 
ozs, milk 16 ozs, Boston crackers 3 ozs, chicken salad 2 ozs, butter If 
ozs : Fiber 3.7, fat 5, force 3, calories 2326, oxygen required 858. Very 
slight excess of fiber, calories right; oxygen surplus 454 pints. 

Thirty-two.— Our toast 6 ozs, milk 16 ozs, chicken salad 2 ozs, 
garden vegetables 6 ozs, steak 8 ozs, chops 8 ozs : Yields of fiber 3.5, fats 

5.7, force 1.2, calories 2386, requiring 876 pints of oxygen. Fiber right; 
calories properly in slight excess, and oxygen surplus 436. 



382 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

GROUPED BY CONSTITUENTS. 

Fiber Diets. — 

Thirty-three.— Chopped steak 38 ozs, butter 1 oz : Yields of fiber 
5.7 ozs, fats 6.1 ozs, force ozs, 2316 calories and 911 pints of oxygen. 
The calories are about right, but the fiber is largely in excess. This- 
with some fruits added to secure the absorption of the nitrogen, 
makes a suitable diet for great albuminous losses, as from abscesses, 
etc., with not much fever. 

Thirty-four.— Chopped steak 8 ozs, kumysgen 16 ozs, celery toast- 
3 ozs, creamed codfish 8 ozs, chicken 6 ozs, buttermilk 8 ozs, berries 
6 ozs, canned tomatoes 4 ozs, butter 1 oz, sugar 1 oz, graham crackers 
3 ozs, whole wheat crisps 2 ozs, creamed potatoes 3 ozs : This comprises 
of fiber 4.3, fat 2.7 and force 7.4 ozs, and 2346 calories, requiring 1035 
pints of oxygen, which still leaves a surplus of 277 pints, with a slight 
excess of energy and fiber element. 

Thirty-five. — Buttermilk 8 ozs, beans 4 ozs, eggs 3 ozs, apples 14 
ozs, wheat bread 6 ozs, butter 1 oz, beef 8 ozs, fish 6 ozs: This has of 
fiber 4.3 ozs, fat 2.7 ozs, force .8 ozs, 2336 calories, and requires 884 pinta 
of oxygen. The fiber is mildly in excess, the calories are right, and the 
oxygen surplus 428 pints. 

Fat Diets. — 

Thirty-six. — Fat pork 4 ozs, potatoes 3 ozs, gluten gems 4 ozs, 
butter 1 oz, sugar 1 oz, pie 4 ozs, mutton chops fat 6 ozs, boiled ham 6 
ozs, cheese 1 oz, our coffee 10 ozs, milk 12 ozs, bread 2 ozs : This gives 
3.6 ozs of protein, 10.6 ozs of fat, 5.9 of carbohydrates, 3907 calories 
and 1493 pints of oxygen. The fiber is correct, energy 583 in excess, 
requiring 181 pints of oxygen more than our standard, for no work; 
therefore only fit to be used with considerable exertion temporarily; 
or to supply great waste of fat tissue. 

Thirty-seven. — Nuts 6 ozs, butter IV2 ozs, cheese 1 oz, whole wheat 
crisps 6 ozs, pure ice cream 8 ozs, dressed game 6 ozs, and nutritive beef 
tea 5 ozs: This gives of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 7.6, force 5.7, 3,114 calories and 
1,235 pints of oxygen. The same characteristics as No. 36, except that 
the oxygen supply a little exceeds the demand. 

Thirty-eight.— Our toast 4 ozs, fat mutton chops 6 ozs, chicken 
milk creamed 8 ozs, oysters creamed 8 ozs, cheese creamed 1 oz, egg 
toast 3J ozs, fig pudding 4 ozs, game (dressed) 5 ozs: Fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 
7, force 2.2, calories 2,756, oxygen 1,081. The fiber is right, the oxygen 
surplus 243 pints. 

Thirty-nine.— Egg toast 3V2 ozs, fat pork 4 ozs, lean veal 5 ozs, 
apples 4 ozs, coffee creamed 9y 4 ozs, chicken salad 2 ozs, butter 1 oz,, 
steak 8 ozs, dried peas 3 ozs : This gives of protein 3.6 ozs, fat 8.3, force 



METHODS AND DIETS. 383 

2.7, calories 3,033, oxygen 1,143 pints. Oxygen surplus is 169 pints ; same 
characteristics as No. 36. 

Force-Foods. — 

Forty. — Bread and milk 16 ozs, fruit minute pudding 6 ozs, boiled 
rice 8 ozs, potatoes creamed 8 ozs, oatmeal mush 6 ozs, gluten bread 6- 
ozs, butter 1 oz, sugar % oz, cream 3 ozs, steak 7 ozs : This gives of 
fiber 3.4 ozs, fat 4.37, force 11, calories 2,877 and 1,033 pints of oxygen. The 
fiber is about right, calories 553 in excess, making a good force diet in 
view of the surplus of 279 pints of oxygen. 

Forty-one.— Stimulating.— Beef tea nutritive 24 ozs, oyster stew 8 ozs, 
bread and milk 16 ozs, egg and brandy 4 ozs, graham gems 4 ozs, butter 
1 oz, coffee creamed 11 ozs, mutton chops 4 ozs: This gives of fiber 3.5 
ozs, fat 5.7, force 7.9, and calories 2,890, requiring 1,075 pints of oxygen. 
The oxygen surplus is 249 pints, making not only a safe force ration , 
but adding a strong stimulating quality. 

Forty- two. —Hominy 4 ozs, dried beans 4 ozs, oatmeal mush 8 ozs, 
rye bread 4 ozs, fat pork two ozs, round steak 5 ozs, simple pudding 2 
ozs, macaroni 2 ozs, snow drift sauce 1 oz, our coffee 8 ozs : This gives 
of fiber 3.6 ozs, fat 2.4, force 13.1 and calories 2,709, with oxygen demand 
of 984 pints. The fiber is practically correct, calories in excess 385, 
same characteristics as No. 38. Oxygen surplus 328 pints. 

Forty-three.— Mosquera's beef meal 2 ozs, pure ice cream 8 ozs, but- 
termilk 20 ozs, smoked beef broth 8 ozs, fruit 10 ozs, our toast 3 ozs, dys- 
pepsia crackers 4 ozs : The constituents of this are fiber 3.6 ozs, fat 2.7, 
force 7.7, calories 2,329, oxygen required 764 pints. The fiber and calo- 
ries are about right, the oxygen surplus 548 pints. 

Forty-four.— Egg milk 8 ozs, cracker gruel 8 ozs, blanc- mange 8 ozs, 
rice milk No. 2, 12 ozs, French custard with jam 4 ozs, baked potatoes 
4f ozs, dyspepsia crackers 4 ozs, dressed game 5 ozs, butter 1 oz: This 
yields of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 3.2, force 8.3, calories 2,359, oxygen needed 827 
pints : The fiber and calories are substantially correct, the oxygen 485 
pints in excess. 

Forty-five. — Apples 6 ozs, bovinine 3 ozs, milk 60 ozs, bread 9% ozs, 
cream 2 ozs : This contains of fiber 3.6 ozs, fat 3.3, force 9, calories 
2,349, oxygen required 863 pints. The fiber and calories are practically 
right, the oxygen surplus 449 pints. 

Forty-six.— Sweet potatoes 4 ozs, malt and milk 18 ozs, creamed 
codfish 8| ozs, beef steak 8 ozs, fruit 8 ozs, our coffee No. 2, 9 1 4 ozs, scram- 
bled egg and our toast 9 ozs, oat meal porridge thick 6 ozs, cream 2 ozs, 
sugar £oz : This contains of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 4.3, force 5.3, calories 2,372, 
oxygen required 908 pints. Calories a little high but amply provided 
for by the excess of 404 pints of oxygen. 



384 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Forty-seven.— Chopped steak 16 ozs, our toast 6 ozs, apples 12 ozs, 
simple pudding 8 ozs: This yields of fiber 3.4 ozs, fat 4.04, force 6.05 cal- 
ories 2,466, oxygen required 940. Same general characteristics as No. 45. 

Forty-eight.— Steak 10 ozs, milk 12 ozs, bread 6 ozs, fruit 12 ozs, oat- 
meal 2 ozs, butter y% oz, fat mutton chops 6 ozs, sugar 1 oz: Compris- 
ing of fiber element 3.5 ozs, fat 3.7, force 4.7, calories 2,326. Oxygen 
required 704. Energy and fiber element are correct, oxygen surplus 608 
pints. 

Forty-nine.— Bread 4 ozs, beef cacao \ oz, cream 4 ozs, pears 3 ozs, 
eggs 2 ozs, green vegetables 4 ozs, steak 4 ozs, grapes 4, peaches 4 ozs, 
crackers 2 ozs, butter 1 oz, sugar \ oz, milk 4 ozs, chops 6 ozs, dressed 
game 4 ozs : This gives of fiber 3.6 ozs, fat 4.3, force 3.3, calories 2,339 and 
requires 903 pints of oxygen. Oxygen surplus 409 pints. 

Fifty.— Mosquera's beef meal \\ ozs, entire wheat bread 3 ozs, lamb 
chops 12 ozs, gluten gems 2 ozs, whole wheat crisps 2 ozs, French cus- 
tard 5 ozs, butter \\ ozs : This gives of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 4.5, force 3.6, cal- 
ories 2,335, and requires 855 pints of oxygen. Surplus of oxygen 457 
pints. 

Fifty-one. — Mosquera's beef meal \\ ozs, entire wheat bread 3 ozs, 
lamb chops 12 ozs, gluten gems 3 ozs, whole wheat crisps 3 ozs, French 
custard 2 ozs, butter 1 oz : The constituents of this are fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 
5.4, force 4.2, calories 2,321. Oxygen required 847. Fiber and calories 
correct, oxygen surplus 465 pints. 

Fifty-two.— Oatmeal pudding 8 ozs, butter 1 oz, fish 7 ozs, fruit 12 
ozs, eggs 4 ozs, fat mutton chops 6 ozs, sugar 1 oz, gluten bread 6 ozs, 
milk 12 ozs, cream sauce 2 ozs: This contains of fiber 3.4 ozs, fat 4,8, 
force 4.8, calories 2,347, and requires 705 pints of oxygen. Fiber and 
calories practically correct, oxygen surplus 607 pints. 

Fifty-three.— Porter's beef tea 16 ozs, smoked beef broth 8 ozs, eggs 
4 ozs, cream 1 oz, butter 1 oz, oysters creamed 8 ozs, oatmeal and fruit 8 
ozs, beef scraped 8 ozs, graham crackers 4 ozs : This gives of fiber 3.5 
ozs, fat 5.1, force 4.9, calories 2,318, oxygen requirement 905 pints. 
Energy and fiber constituents correct, oxygen surplus 407 pints. 

Fifty-four.— Mutton chops 4 ozs, chopped steak 6 ozs, roast meat 4 
ozs, unfermented bread 4 ozs, Boston crackers 3 ozs, limed milk 8 ozs, 
butter | oz, oatmeal mush 8 ozs, creamed codfish 5 ozs : This consists 
of fiber food 3.5 oz, fat 4.6, force 4.4, calories 2338, and demands 894 pints 
of oxygen. Oxygen surplus 418 pints, energy and fiber right. 

Fifty-five. — Hot lemonade 9J ozs, tomato soup 8 ozs, green vege- 
tables 16 ozs, apples 12 ozs, rye bread 6 ozs, graham crackers 2 ozs, 
stewed rhubarb 8 ozs, beans 4 ozs, scraped beef 8 ozs, butter \ oz : This 
gives of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 2.4, force 10.5, calories 2332, and requires 866 
pints of oxygen. Right in fiber and calories, with an oxygen excess of 
446 pints. 



METHODS AXD DIETS. 385 

Fifty-six. — Meat 8 ozs, fish 7 ozs, onions 2 ozs, butter 2 ozs, wheat 
Thread 2 ozs, buttermilk 16 ozs, apples 12 ozs, hominy 4 ozs, graham 
crackers 2 ozs : This gives of fiber 3.5, fat 3.4, force 8.6, calories 2349, 
oxygen 872 pints. Fiber and energy correct, surplus of oxygen 440 
pints. 

Fifty-seven.— Fish 12 ozs, eggs 4 ozs, peaches 8 ozs, green vegetables 
8 ozs, unfermented wafers 4 ozs, butter If ozs, sugar 1| ozs, macaroni 
2 ozs, entire wheat bread 4 ozs, baked Indian pudding 4 ozs : This gives 
of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 2.8, force 10.3, calories 2326, oxygen 890 pints. Calor- 
ies and fiber are correct, oxygen excess 422 pints. 

Fifty-ejglit.— Bovinine 1£ ozs, fruit 6 ozs, eggs 2 ozs, sugar 1 oz, 
butter 1 oz, Boston crackers 4 ozs, milk 12 ozs, Mosquera's beef meal 1 
oz, dried beans or peas 4 ozs, hominy 4 ozs, cream 3 ozs : This contains 
of fiber food 3.4 ozs, fat 2.9, force 7.9, calories 2326, oxygen 828. Energy 
and fiber are right, oxygen surplus 484 pints. 

Fifty-nine. — Chops 3 ozs, eggs 4 ozs, milk 8 ozs, butter | oz, sugar 1 
oz, baked apples and bread and milk 16 ozs, chicken 8 ozs, gluten gems 3 
ozs, vegetables 4 ozs, cream 2 ozs : This yields of fiber 3.6 ozs, fat 3.3, 
force 8.9, calories 2344, and requires of oxygen 866 pints. Strong in 
energy and fiber and with an oxygen surplus of 446 pints. 

Sixty. — 6 a. m.; our coffee 8 ozs, with 2 ozs raw white of eggs: 
breakfast; smoked beef broth 8 ozs, cream 1£ ozs, Boston crackers 2 
ozs: 11 a. m. ; grape juice 2 ozs: Dinner; raw beef pulp 8 ozs, grape 
juice 2 ozs, rice milk 8 ozs: 3 p. m. ; restorative jelly 5 ozs: Supper; 
Raw oysters grated 4 ozs, Boston crackers 2 ozs, cream 2 ozs; bedtime : 
Thickened milk 5 ozs. This is a diet for appropriate conditions in 
typhoid fever, and other exhausting diseases. It gives of fiber 
elements 3.5 ozs, fat 3.9, force 4.9, calories 2328, and requires 831 pints of 
oxygen. Energy and fiber are right, and oxygen surplus is 451 pints. 

This seems like a formidable ration for the conditions named, but 
when three-fourths have been deducted to adapt it to the digestive 
childhood state of the patient (as in many cases must be done) it leaves 
but 15 ounces for 24 hours. 

Sixty-one.— Gl uten gems 6 ozs, beans 9 ozs, nuts 4 ozs, apple and 
Indian meal pudding 4 ozs : This gives of fiber 3.5 ozs, fat 3, force 9.5, 
calories 2439, oxygen required 866. The fiber is right, force 115 calories 
in excess, with oxygen surplus 446 pints, which renders the excess of 
force favorable for exposures, cold states, etc. 

Sixty-two. — Beans 4 ozs, peas 3 ozs, nuts 4 ozs, oatmeal 2 ozs, entire 
wheat bread 4 ozs, gluten gems, No. 1, 4 ozs : This gives of fiber 3.5 ozs, 
fat 3, force 9.4, calories 2366, oxygen required 871. The fiber is right, 
force only 42 calories in excess, with oxygen surplus 441 pints. 

Sixty-three.— Gluten gems 4 ozs, butter 1 oz, dates 2 ozs, beans 
(dried) 2 ozs, bread 2 ozs, hominy 3 ozs, rice 2 ozs, graham crackers 

25 



386 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ozs, suger i oz, milk 8 ozs, fruit 6 ozs : This ration is inserted in order 
to show how defective is the nutrition ordinarily given to the feeble* 
Very many invalids would deem themselves incompetent to ingest 
these 32J ounces, yet they afford but ^ the necessary amount of fiber 
food, and are defective nearly 1-7 in force. The only merit of the diet 
is the small oxygen requirement,— but little over one-half the normal 
supply, i. e. 699 pints. 

Sixty-four.— Beef 8 ozs, mutton 4 ozs, skimmed milk 24 ozs, green 
vegetables 28 ozs, bread 4 ozs, apples 12 ozs, butter 1 oz, horse-radish 
freely : This gives of fiber 3.8 ozs, fat 3.7, force 6.5, calories 2316, oxygen 
907. The oxygen surplus is 405 pints. Designed for rheumatic ten- 
dencies, and made strong in fiber element in order to sustain the 
tissues under the use of the baths that are often necessary. 

Mixed Diets will be found among all the foregoing: 
classes, excepting the fluid. 

SPECIAL NOTE. 

On page 371 it is stated that 1312 pints of oxygen capacity r 
are required to effect the complete assimilation of the quantity 
of food adopted as the standard for a man at no work ; yet the 
reader can not have failed to notice that most of the diets 
made require less than 900 pints, the average of the whole 
forty-seven, not including the four for consumption, nor the 
thirteen fluid and semi-fluid bed diets, being but 865, while the 
average of the first sixteen is only 629 pints. The explanation 
of this seeming incongruity, is that the oxygen capacity noted 
on page 106, reaching even to 1642 pints, is Nature's provision 
for the larger oxygen requirement of the increased rations 
which work, and hard work make necessary. Should the 
objection be urged that this excess of oxygenating capacity 
over the nutritive oxygen requirement practically nullifies the 
point so strenuously urged on pages 111-112 and 129, the 
answer is : 

(1) The rations in ordinary use require much more 
oxygen for their assimilation than do these specially prepared 
diets, as is practically illustrated in the rich dinner on page 
125, which requires 568 pints, and that is often matched in the 
dinners of the middle class by reason of the large proportion 
of fat and sweet compounds which they consume ; e. g. pud- 



METHODS AXD DIETS. 



387 



dings with their sauces and pies demand from 36 to near 50 
pints per oz, while beef needs but 23 and lean chicken but 9 
per oz. 

(2) On page 121 it is stated that every 100 pints of 
oxygen required for the reduction of food, calls for 17£ cubic 
inches of lung capacity. Of course it is assumed that this 
capacity is used. If, then, a man at no work uses 222 cubic 
inches in health, it is far from improbable that in diseased, 
bed conditions he will approach dangerously near to the $0 
cubic inches absolutely necessary to prevent suboxidation of 
even these carefully prepared diets requiring only 629 X3ints,. 
Therefore as wide a margin of oxygen surplus as practicable,, 
is always to be sought in these circumstances, with due regard 
to the evolution of sufficient force to sustain animal heat and 
the various vital processes of the system. 



IF^A-IR/I 1 I2C. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREAT- 
MENT. 



All the Principal Diseases and Most Common Ailments De- 
scribed so that They May be Recognized — The Cause 
Pointed Out — The Best Treatment in Each Case Given 
in Detail, Including Full Directions as to Diet, Hygiene, 
Exercise, Baths and Similar Common Sense Methods, as 
well as Proper Medicines when Physic is Needed. 

Important Notes. — In order to save space and avoid 
numerous duplications, the particular methods and special 
diets of Part 8, are often referred to in the treatment of dis- 
eases, and should always be carefully consulted in such cases. 
These methods and diets are a new departure of vast utility 
to all who would be guided by principles, instead of going 
blindly by mere directions; because the last always must have 
a certain combination of conditions to be appropriate, which 
in practice is found as often absent as present. 

In grading the remedies in these particular treatments, 
their position is not always fixed by their real relative potency, 
but often according to their appropriate use in different 
strengths. 

When homeopathic remedies are named, the usual 
strength as put up in family cases is indicated. 

Dosimetric remedies are occasionally prescribed and can 
be readily procured of any druggist. 

Biochemic remedies are often prescribed because perfectly 
safe, and can be procured of any wholesale homeopathic 
pharmacy ; six x is the usual strength, and three tablets two or 

388 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 389 

three times a day in chronic cases, and three to six times a day 
in acnte cases is the ordinary dose, but may be given every half 
hour if necessary. 

Botanic agents are often prescribed, and can be gathered 
from the fields or procured of any good druggist. 

O^p^When a number of remedies are named for the same 
condition, it is not intended that all of them shall be used in 
one case, but the one most readily procurable or best adapted. 

"When reference is made to any matter, as of diet, hygiene, 
etc., but no page named, see index for page on which that 
topic is treated. 

Remedies that are to be taken in alternation, or rotation 
are to be used one at one period, the other at the next, and so 
on. Two remedies may be alternated, three or more may be 
rotated. 

"When remedies are named for stomach use, and others 
by retained enema for the same disease, either may be employed, 
but not both at the same hour unless one proves ineffective. 

Objections. Some may object that this arrangement 
requires too much careful study. Our answer is, no person is 
fit to use a home doctor book who is not willing to study it; 
for if he does, as much harm as good is likely to result. 

Diets for sickness can only be accurately constructed 
upon the basis of the average for a man in health at no work. 
Deduction can then be made for women and children as stated 
on page 371. Then, the further modifications of quantity 
necessary to adapt them to disease, must be left to the skill of 
the physicians or the common sense and experience of the 
nurse, because the same quantity of a given food that at one 
stage of a disease would be beneficial, at another might be 
very harmful. 

Abortion. — The loss of the foetus before the sixth 
month of pregnancy ; most common between third and fourth 
months. Symptoms: Hemorrhage, labor pains. If in fourth 
month or later, chills, lassitude, paleness, palpitation, flacci'd 
breasts, sinking abdomen, bloody discharge. Cause: Predis- 
position from weakness or chronic disease, acute diseases, 
accidents, mental excitement, over-fatigue, drugs such as ergot, 
fiavin, etc. Sometimes diseases of the foetus. 



390 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Treatment: Unload the bowels with an injection of starch water 
and ginger. If able to sit, take tepid hip bath fifteen minutes, and 
vaginal injection of tepid beth-root, geranium, or witch-hazel tea every 
three hours. Patient must keep in bed. If hemorrhage occurs, get the 
blood to the surface. Bathe limbs and feet in strong pepper tea; 
heated bricks at feet and hips. Internally a tea of black or red 
pepper, or strong, warm composition tea every one-half hour. If rest- 
less, add scullcap or ladies' slipper. If lips get blue, cheeks and fin- 
gers cold, inclination to faint,— strong or very strong stimulating 
method. If hemorrhage continues, give strong or very strong emetic 
method until nausea is decided, then continue the composition alone 
until free vomiting occurs. Repeat if necessary; the danger is in not 
using it. Or, three to five drops of fluid extract of false unicorn 
(helonias dioica), in water Repeat, if necessary, once or twice. Or, tea- 
spoonful doses of black haw (viburnum prunefolium) 11. extract, or 
the same of high cranberry (viburnum opulis), every hour. Or a bowel 
injection of forty drops of laudanum in starch water. 

Abscess. — A cavity or tumor containing pus. Symptoms: 
Heat, swelling, pain, redness, pointing (i. <?., special prominence 
on the swollen area where the pus seeks exit). 

Cause: Lymph that has been effused as the result of inflammation, 
into a natural or unnatural cavity, breaking down into pus. A product 
of microbial action, the streptococus pyogenes. 

Treatment: Abort by revulsive method, No. 13, average to very 
strong. Sigmoid or csecal flush every night. In severe cases, diet as 
for fever until suppuration, then nutritive, No. 2, mild, and change the 
Avater application to hot fomentations of hay or catnip tea, or poultices 
of carrots, flaxseed, bread and milk, etc. 

Biochemic: Ferrum phos. every two hours. If swelling con- 
tinues, three grains kali mm* every two or three hours. If suppura- 
tion is inevitable, three grains silicea, every two to four hours, and 
poultice. 

Germicide.— When it points, open and inject with peroxideof hydro- 
gen, until the pus is destroyed; take twenty to thirty drops internally 
three or four times a day. Or sprinkle powdered papoid upon open 
surfaces and inject a solution of papoid into the cavity. Give three 
grains calcaria sulph. every three hours to promote healing. 

Allopathic: Twenty drops tincture of chloride of iron, every four 
hours. In chronic abscess, foment with tea of wild indigo. 

Massage.— Revulsive method, No. 13, mild. 

Acarus Follicularum. — See skin diseases. 

Acarus Hominis (itch). — See skin diseases. 

Acne (all forms). — See skin diseases. 

Actinomycosis. — Probably a micro-organic disease, 
consisting first of a tumor in the jaw. Later abscess and fis- 
tula. May occur in the respiratory tract or intestinal canal 
and in liver, spleen, and muscles; may be contracted from cat- 
tle or men. Treatment should be blood cleansing, No. 4, average 
to very strong, and blood making, No. 1, mild to strong. Perox- 
ide of hydrogen, No. 15, vol. solution, every three or four hours 
for the mouth, resorcin (pure) two to five grains for the 
intestines every three hours. 

Addison's Disease. — A disease of the supra-renal cap. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 391 

sules. Symptoms: Bronze skin, anaemia, general debility, breath- 
lessness on exercise, dim vision, dyspepsia, loss of memory, 
albuminous urine, convulsions, delirium or coma. Cause: 
The tubercular bacilli. Treatment: Xo cure. Alleviative — 
germicidal remedies and tonics, and generally as in consumption. 
Adenitis (bubo). — The function of the entire lymphatic 
system is to raise the blood from elementary molecules to 
leucocytes, thence to red discs. Leucocytes are protoplasmic 
units, whose function is to unite in forming structures with 
vital endowments in a particular direction. The cells from 
which all organic structures are made are leucocytes. Some- 
times this functional power is impaired and sometimes the cell 
structure may be inflamed. This is adenitis. 

Forms of the Disease : (1) Simple Adenitis, mgy result from a blow, 
walking or tlie absorption of some irritating poison. (2) Tubercular 
Adenitis consists of enlargement of the glands of the neck with inflam- 
mation and suppuration, or t lie mesentary may show a similar condi- 
tion. (3) Syphilitic Adenitis accompanies soft chancre and gonorrhea in 
the form of virulent bubo, indurated chancre of the lip, indurated sub- 
maxillary and axillary glands. (4) Cancerous Adenitis: As in enlarged 
sub-maxillary and axillary in cancer of the tongue, lip and breast. 
(5) Adenia or* Hod (/din's disease (Leucocythemia): Enlargement of the 
lymphatic glands of the entire body ; anaemia, greatly diminished red 
blood corpuscles, enlargement of the spleen and supra-renal capsules. 
^No increase of white corpuscles. (6) Poison Adenitis: In plague, relaps- 
ing fever, anthrax, glanders, farcy, malignant erysipelas, dissection 
wounds, phlebitis, malaria, bites of angry men, etc. There may be 
general enlargement of the lymphatic glands with hypertrophy of the 
spleen and an" increase of white corpuscles. 

Treatment : Must be heroic in all forms. Alterative, Xo. 5, strong or 
very strong. Tonic. No. 3. strong. Special remedies to sterilize the 
microbes. Locally plantain leaves, iodoform, resorcin, peroxide of 
hydrogen. For syphilitic bubo, soft in the center, throbbing pain, 
poultices of slippery elm and bicarbonate of soda days, and linseed 
nights. If it does not open itself must be cut to the bottom in four 
directions so as to destroy its sac. If it does open, inject with solution 
of iodine two to four grains and iodine of potassa four to eight grains 
to the pint, to destroy its secreting power. A strong decoction of hem- 
lock. See ulcers, chronic. 

Aesthenia Exhaustion, the heart ceasing to beat 

while other organs may continue their functions. Cause: Prus- 
sic acid, stroke of lightning, violent effort or excessive fatigue, 
extreme terror or violent grief in those of weak hearts. Symp- 
toms: Face pallid, eyes dilate, gasping, pulse feeble or sus- 
pended, unconsciousness, falling. Treatment: Lay on back, 
head lower than heart. Loosen clothing about neck, chest and 
waist ; dash cold water into the face. Ammonia to the nostrils, 
abundance of fresh air. Smartly slap the side of the chest 
over the heart. If persistent, four tablespoons of whisky or 



392 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

brandy in water or milk thrown into the bowel ; or hot enema 
containing one to four grains of capsicum. 

Ague (chills, chills and fever, intermittent fever, mala- 
rial fever). — Rigor, fever and sweat at certain times with inter- 
vals of apparently good health. The spore or germ of decaying 
vegetable matter acted upon by solar heat above about 78° 
enters the blood through the air breathed, or the water imbibed r 
and evolves the bacillus of malaria, which periodically emits 
spores, and the chills are at the time of the greatest activity of 
the bacilli just preceding the sporulation. If this occurs every 
other day with an interval of twenty-four hours it is quotidian ; 
with forty-eight hours interval, tertian ; with seventy-two hours 
interval, quartian. The first occurs usually in the morning, 
the second at noon, # the third in the afternoon. Any form may 
occur twice during its specified time. There are also forms 
that occur once a week, once a month, etc. When the bacilli 
enter the blood-stream they either coalesce with and destroy 
the red blood corpuscles, or cause their destructive metamor- 
phosis and change the blood clotty and dark colored, causing 
it to adhere to the walls of the arteries ; from which comes 
embolism. 

Symptoms: The cold stage, dullness, lassitude, headache, sick- 
stomach, pain in back and limbs, a cold feeling though the skin may 
not be cold to the touch, shivering, skin shriveled, papillia prominent 
(goose skin), pale face, lips and finger ends blue, exhaustion, some- 
times urgent thirst, features contracted, eyes dull and sunken, pulse 
feeble, respiration hurried or oppressed. Irritability. May continue 
from a few minutes to several hours. Fever Stage — Skin warmer,, 
flushed face, headache severe, quick respiration, pulse hard and rapid r 
temperature hot, mouth dry, great restlessness, irritability and delir- 
ium. May last from two to twelve hours. Sweating Stage — Slight moist- 
ure on forehead, skin moist and cool, all the distress subsides, may be- 
copious discharge of urine depositing a brick dust sediment, and the 
patient falls into a quiet sleep from which he may awake in his usual 
state of health until the next paroxysm occurs. Sometimes one or two 
of the three stages are absent. 

The Geographical Limits of the disease are 63° latitude north,. 
and 57° south. Hertz says that even in an elevated and dry region* 
loose soil overlaying any impermeable soil that retains percolating, 
vegetable matter may induce malaria. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 393 

Conditions tending to ague are anger, fear, sleeplessness, hunger, 
fatigue, exposure to night air, sleeping in damp beds, or on the lower 
floor of a house, or in rooms too densely shaded, sudden cooling and 
exposure to the direct rays of the sun. The morbid conditions result- 
ing from frequent attacks are irritation of the brain, morbid condi- 
tion of liver, kidneys and spleen, and finally leucocythema or white- 
cell state of the blood. 

Treatment: Diet nutritive, Xo. 2, mild to strong. In Cold Stage, hot 
caBcal flush Nq. 43 (or Xo. 13, if not an habitual user of coffee), prepare 
blankets as for a pack, wring the upper blanket out of water as hot as 
can be borne and proceed as for pack. Give as much hot lemonade as 
patient desires. If there are no signs of f aintness, keep the patient in 
until the hot stage comes ; but if it is over three-fourths of an hour, 
remove all wraps except wet one and apply as soon as possible another 
blanket wrung out of hot water and re-cover. Should there be faintness, 
remove quickly, wrap in a warm, dry blanket and give stimulants 
freely. In Hot Stage— All the cold water or lemonade desired, frequent 
sponging under the bedclothes with cold or tepid water. If this stage 
be protracted, a full tepid coecal flush of salt water. In Sweating Stage — 
Frequent gentle rubbings with a dry towel. 

Intermediate Treatment: Full pack every other day, caecal flush 
daily of Xo. 9, general ablution daily. Drink three to six quarts of water, 
hot or cold, or as lemonade every day. Wear flannels, have an open 
fire in the room night and morning, and avoid conditions predisposing: 
to fresh attacks. Side exercise (a) page 32, three times a day. Just 
before the next; chill is expected give an emetic of lobelia and capsi- 
cum ; or a spirit vapor bath with sweating teas so as to have it in full 
operation when the chill is expected. Abstain from milk diet, butter- 
milk, fats and fish. Forenoon chill, great thirst, violent headache — 
natrum mur., three grains every hour; with vomiting of food, ferrum 
phos., three grains every two hours ; with vomiting acid, natrum phos., 
three grains every two hours; with cramps in calves, magnesium phos.. 
three grains every hour. 

Dr. HilVs Homeopathic Treatment is, on first sign of chill, aconite 
and baptisia alternately, first three doses every ten minutes, next 
three every fifteen, then every thirty until patient sweats freely. 
Then substitute arsenicuni and cimicifuga alternately every hour dur- 
ing intermission. If chill returns repeat aconite and baptisia as before 
and follow with arsenicum and mix vomica every two hours. Also cin- 
chona, one grain every one-half hour from the beginning of the chill 
until time for the next. Pulsatilla and cimicifuga in alternation for 
chronic, much drugged cases. Arsenicum every hour to end of fever 
and every three hours of intermission in irregular cases with thirst 
during chill, face pale and bloated. French authorities claim that a 
decoction of green, unroasted coffee, taken freely a few hours before 
the chill, will prevent it. Whatever treatment may be selected the 
bowels should be freely opened with extract of butternut bark; or with 
csecal flush. Dr. Chaliones names as a specific in dumb ague, a decoc- 



594 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



tion of the inner bark of the sugar maple, two ounces steeped in a 
quart of water twenty-four hours. Dose, a wineglassful, four or five 
times a day. 

Albuminuria. — The presence in the urine of an albu- 
minous body which_is coagulated by heat or precipitated by 
neutralization. Cause: Acute congestion of the kidneys; 
acute or chronic inflammation of the kidneys ; or degeneration 
of the kidneys. Treatment: Anti-albuminous diet and treat 
kidney diseases. Calc. phos. in alternation with kali phos. 
Strontium lactate, an ounce and a half ; distilled water, eight 
ounces. Dose one teaspoonful morning and night, and diet of 
vegetables, milk and eggs, has been highly recommended. 

Alcoholism (delirium tremens), Mania a potu. — Delir- 
ium with trembling, sleeplessness, disagreeable hallucinations, 
profuse perspiration, loss of appetite, thirst and nausea. Cause : 
(1) Excessive use of alcoholic stimulants. (2) Sudden with- 
drawal of the stimulant, causing an attack in from two to seven 
<iays. The first is over-excitement. The second is prostration, 
to be treated by stimulants, tonics and restoratives. 

Diet: Vegetables and fruits give a distaste for alcoholics because 
they retard each other's combustion in the system. 

"Those who take much fat, butter, or oil, cannot take wine, and feel 
no desire for it." — Professor Gregory's Organic Chemistry. 1852. 

For acute cases, bovinine in hot milk every two or three hours; or 
Hose's Beef Peptones half to one dram, with hot milk every two hours. 
Baths: First day shoulder sprinkle and knee sprinkle; second, loin 
sprinkle and arm plunge ; third, body pack and water tread. So repeat 
«very three days until cured, temperature carefully adapted so as not 
to give a depressing shock. Exercises: Very light and not, continued 
to fatigue. Tran qui li zing, page 35. Vital Cleansing: Sigmoid flush, cap- 
sicum, one to four grains in elm or starch water as frequently as 
strength will bear, i.e. daily if practicable, and retained enema No. 18 
every four to six hours, or No. 34 every two to three hours. Rest and 
sleep all that is possible (see page 26). Ventilation free, temperature 
comfortable. Medicine: Erythroxylon coca li. ext. one to four teaspoon- 
fuls in water often enough to steady the nerves. Capsicum in full 
■doses. For sleeplessness whenever exhausted, sulfonal in fifteen to 
thirty grain doses every one to two hours until sleep is induced. After 
four to six days, drop the coca and take tinct. of oats one-half to two 
teaspoonfuls in hot water every three hours, or often er if the desire 
becomes vehement. For delirium tremens and as a substitute for alco- 
hol lupulin (con.) one to two and one-half grains up, until the nerves 
are steadied. To rid the body quickly of alcohol, a Turkish bath, meat 
food with papayotin one to four grains after meals. Complications 
must be treated as they occur. 

Alcoholism, Chronic (dipsomania, methomania oinomia):— Mor- 
bid, uncontrollable craving for intoxicating drinks. Cause: The great 
-excess of hydrogen introduced into the system by the use of intoxi- 
cants. Treatment: Remedies that carry into the circulation an excess 
of oxygen— chest exercise. Depth, page 31. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 395 

The following medicine is said to have helped many to reform, as 
it did Captain John Vine Hall of the Great Eastern steamship: "Sul- 
phate of iron, twenty grains; magnesia, forty grains; peppermint, 
forty-four drams: spirits of nutmeg, four drams. Dose, one table- 
spoonful twice a day." Dr. S. R. Beekwith pronounces the following 
as the best remedy that chemistry has produced, and advises its use 
with the Thermo-Ozone battery: "Chloride of sodium and gold one 
dram, chloride of soda two drams, (liq.) sol. chloride of calcium nuir. 
two drams, sol. chloride of barium one dram, sol. chloride of aq. pura. 
two ounces. Dose one-third teaspoonful in a teaspoonful of water, 
administered by the mouth, or twenty drops hypodermically, or fit- 
teen drops placed on the positive disc when the battery is used; to be 
used in either case twice a day." 

Alopecia (loss of hair). — Treatment: Head vapor once 
a week. Head ablution daily. Nutritive treatment, Xo. 2, aver- 
age. If one prefers the usual stimulant and unguent plan, the 
following germicide may be used: Bay rum, one pint; 
boroglyceride, one ounce ; tinct. lobelia, one-half ounce ; tinct. 
cantharides, one ounce. Wash the head daily with a lotion of 
"boroglyceride, and dress the hair with the above. In scrofu- 
lous and syphilitic cases apply daily to the scalp an ointment 
as follows : Liquid vaseline, one ounce ; boroglyceride, three 
drams ; resorcin, one dram ; chrysophanic acid, ten grains ; mix. 

Amaurosis. — Blindness from disease of the retina, optic 

nerve or brain, the eye being in a normal condition. Symptoms : 

Impairment of vision, uncertain walk, unmeaning look. 

Cause : Use of tobacco (see pages 39-40) etc., straining the 

optic nerve and affections of the brain. 

Treatment: If senemic, nutritive treatment strong; if congestive, 
esecal flush, No. 7, bowel fomentation, foot vapor, each once a day. If 
reflex, treat the source of irritation. If poisonous, remove the poisons 
and give tonic treat ment, No. 3, strong or very strong. If organic, stimu- 
lant treatment average or strong; massage one to two hours daily. 
Nutritive treatment strong, fomentation of neck daily. 

Amenorrhea. — Absent or defective menstruation. 
Cause : Congenital absence of the organs, lack of development 
of the organs, unnatural toughness of hymen, anaemic con- 
stitutional diseases, colds. Symptoms of acute cases are fever- 
isrmess, pain, weight in lower back and pelvis, headache, diz- 
ziness, swelling of abdomen and breasts, nausea, palpitation, 
lassitude, flushed face, dry skin. 

Treatment: Hot csecal flush, No. 22, or No. 34. Hot mustard foot bath 
to knees one-half hour. Then in bed with heat to feet; drink freely of 
hot lemonade with one-half teaspoonful of essence of ginger to cup, 
every hour or two until perspiration. Mustard fomentations on lower 
abdomen and plasters of must aid on inside of thighs. A tea of thyme, 
summer savory, garden feverfew or garden angelica may also be used. 
Case obstinate: Sit fifteen minutes every two hours over a vessel con- 
taining steaming tansy or hemlock leaves, and drink tea of hemlock 



396 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



leaves, smartweed and camomile every one-half horn*. Hot fomenta- 
tion of tansy and smartweed on lower abdomen, preceded by hot colon 
flush containing ginger and lady's slipper. 

Chronic cases are usually attended with undeveloped breasts, nar- 
row chests and hips, and in cases of congenital deficiency by a mascu- 
line appearance. Be sure to distinguish from pregnancy. In serious- 
cases, seek the removal of the disease causing it. In mild cases, bathe 
lower abdomen with smartweed or pepper tea night and morning; also 
the feet, if cold. Hot colon flush two to five Times a week. A few days 
before time for menses, hot foot bath each night and warm pennyroyal 
or hemlock leaf tea. Tea of camomile and black-cohosh, cold," every 
two hours, or if patient is well nourished and has no other prosirating 
disease, thirty drops fl. ext. of polygonum punctatum (smart weed), in 
hot water four times a day for a week before the time of menses. If 
the case is obstinate, use stimulating emetic once or twice a week, the 
stimulating wash over spine and limbs as well as abdomen, and the 
emmenagogue tonic: Four ounces each of motherwort and camomile, 
one each of blue-cohosh and red flowering smartweed. Tincture a week 
in two quarts malaga wine, strain and add one pound of sugar. One- 
half to one tablespoonful three times a day. For lymphatic women, 
vapor bath once a week. When menses appear, suspend vigorous meas- 
ures. A few days before the next period, use the emmenagogue tonic 
and the warm foot baths and drinks as may be necessary. 

Schoolgirl's Amenorrhea: No study either at home or school. 
Open air several hours daiiy, warmly clad but with no chest protectors, 
with deep breathing with mouth closed. Sponge bath on rising, water 
of the temperature of the room, with plenty of towel or hand friction. 
Strong nutritive diet . 

Homo: Aeon, and puis, every fifteen or twenty minutes, less fre- 
quent as pain diminishes, feet in hot water. If nausea, vomit with 
lukewarm water. Rub loins and back downward with naked hands. 
Head hot and face red, bell, with puis., lungs oppressed, bryonia, much 
pain after flow begins, caulophyl. Suppression of weeks clural ion apis. 
mel. In young women — pod. at night, cim. in morning three weeks; 
then puis, also in rotation every six hours. 

Ammonremia. — Blood poisoning from the absorption 
of a fungus and carbonate of ammonia by the retention of the 
urine in the bladder. Cause: Stricture, enlarged prostate, 
atony or paralysis of bladder, cystitis, kidney disease, etc. 
Symptoms : Breath and skin ammoniacal. If not relieved, 
rigors, vomiting, fever, dry, brown, shining tongue, dingy 
brown skin, headache, insomnia, restlessness, lethargy, mutter- 
ing delirium. 

Treatment: For immediate relief, drain off urine with a catheter, 
then flush the bladder with hot water two or three times, then with a 
solution of six to ten drops of peroxide of hydrogen to a pint of water; 
thus empty and wash daily. About nine p. m. wash out rectum with 
one-half to three-fourths pint of tepid solution of boracic acid, thirty 
to forty grains to the pint. Pass oil. Then inject one tablespoonful of 
the following: Distillation of hamamelis, four ounces; papoid, thirty- 
two grains; mix; retain. Average or strong nutritive and tonic meth- 
ods as far as they can be employed in connection with very strong 
blood-cleansing method. 

Amyloid Degeneration Cause: A disease germ, 

the bacillus pyocyaneus, which evolves starch molecules that 
are carried by the blood and deposited in weakened parts and 
increased by aggregation. The heart, liver, spleen and kidneys 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 397 

most frequently affected. Symptoms: Progressive debility, 
waxy complexion, abundant urine, enlarged liver, spleen and 
kidneys. Treatment: Remove cause. General alterative and 
tonic treatment. Exercises, 3, p. 30 ; 9, p. 31 ; 9 d., p. 32 : 12 
b., p. 32; 13 g\, p. 33; 24, p. 35 as needed. Galea, nuor. three 
grains four times a day. If the heart is affected n. ext. of 
cactus grand five to twenty drops every four hours. If the 
liver be affected, vegetable tonics such as hydrastis, black wil- 
low or cinchona cal. 

Anseniia. — A deficiency of blood as a whole, or of some 
of its constituents, usually of red blood corpuscles, diminishing 
sometimes to 40 parts in 1,000, instead of the normal 130 parts. 
The symptoms are debility, bloodlessness, cold extremities, 
palpitation, spots before the eyes, noises in ears, vertigo. 

Treatment: Rapid blood-making treatment according to degree of 
-debility; or nutritive treatment strong or very strong. Beef blood 
has had much reputation, but Gheradini has shown that it is difficult 
of digestion, the haemoglobin being changed in the stomach into 
hpeniatin. which is not absorbed but passes unchanged into the faeces, 
and therefore the peptonoids resulting from the digestion of blood 
contain but little iron. Baths: Head ablution daily and carefully dry 
the hair, which should be short. Water tread daily one-half to five 
minutes. Body wrap twice a week thirty to fifty minutes, must not 
chill ; sun bath three times a week twenty to thirty minutes (see p. 8). 
Told sponge daily. Exercises: Selected according to need from 3, p. 
30, 9 depth^ 9 breadth (a), p. 31; apex fulness, p. 32; e., p. 33; 18 a, p. 34; 
19 a, p. 34; 24, p. 35. After considerable improvement substitute for 
above water applications, sitz bath three times a week, shoulder 
shower and knee shower each twice a week, and later once a week. 
Coecal flush Xo. 31, often enough to keep bowels free, with stimulating 
<lrinks if necessary. Retained enema of Xo. 22, as often as condition of 
nerves requires. Rest and sleep to be encouraged to the utmost; see 
pp. 25-28. Clothing, see pp. 24, 25. Diversion, very important, p. 28. 
Air and temperature, open and genial but bracing; see p. 5. 

Mtdicine: The following saline and chalybeate tonic may be used, 
as it supplies in about the relative proportion in which they exist in 
the blood, most of the important inorganic salts of the blood,' with an 
excess of sodium chloride and a small quantity of reduced iron: 

SALINE AXD CHALYBEATE TOXIC. 

R Sodii chloridi (C. P) iij ; drams 

Potassii chloridi (C. P.) gr. ix ; 

Potassii sulph. (C. T.) gr. vj ; 

Potassii carb. (Squibb) gr. ii'j ; 

Sodii carb. (C. P.) gr. xxxvj ; 

Magnes. carb gr. iij ; 

Calc. phos. prsecip ss ; y 2 dram 

Calc. carb gr. iij; 

Ferri redacti (Merck) gr. xxvij ; 

Ferri carb gr. iij ; 

M. In capsules. Xo. 60. 

Sig. : Two capsules three times daily after eating. 

The animal, or beef extracts deserve careful consideration as spe- 
cially efficient remedies. The oxygen treatment may be used to awaken 
all the processes of life. Give thirty drops of tinct. of oats and a gen- 
erous diet, to furnish the material but of which new tissues are to bo 



398 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

made. Tinct. of the chloride of iron fifteen drops in water three times 
a day is deemed a specific. A tablespoonful three or four times a day 
of liquor mangano-ferri peptonatus "Glide," is a recent but effective 
scientific treatment. 

Anaesthesia. — Loss of consciousness, or sensation, or 
both, by the inhalation or application, or subcutaneous injec- 
tion of various drugs. By chloroform, one death in 2413 
cases, none by ether. Treatment for excessive narcoses, see 
accidents. Safe local anaesthetic — spray on rapidly for one 
minute, then slowly from two to six minutes, menthol one part, 
ether fifteen parts, chloroform ten parts. Dr. Sleich of Berlin,, 
says that subcutaneous injections of distilled water render the 
parts insensible as long as the wheal remains. 

Anasarca. — See Dropsy. 

Anchylosis. — The union of ends of broken bones into a 
joint by the effusion of lymph and its organization into liga- 
ment or bone. Treatment: Ozonized clay applied daily as "a 
poultice to cause the absorption of the lymph. Should not be 
kept on long enough to cause redness of skin. Nutritive 
method, Xo. 2, average to very strong. Liquor auri et arsenii 
five drops three times a day in water has cured some cases. 

Aneuria (or coma). — Extreme oppression of the brain or 
exhaustion of the energy of the great nerve centers, causing 
deep sleep from which patient can not be aroused. Treatment r 
Belladonna five to ten drops, water four ounces. One teaspoon- 
ful hourly. With signs of apoplexy, treat as for apoplexy. 
With indications of opium poisoning, treat for opium poison- 
ing. In fracture of the skull, treat as for shock and secure 
surgical aid. In dead drunkenness, full colon flush of hot 
starch or elm water containing one to four grains of capsicum. 
In uraemia, inhalations of oxygen, frequent and protracted, 
and such treatment for kidneys as the case requires. 

Aneurism. — The dilatation of the coats of an artery 
into a swelling or sack. Cause : Morbid state of the blood, 
weakness of organization, disease of the walls of the blood ves- 
sels. Symptoms : A swelling, pulsating with the action of the 
heart, and located over an artery. 

Treatment: If small, it may be obliterated by painting it with; a 
camel's hair brush, with the best quality of collodion, adding coat to 
coat with finger pressure if necessary also. Paint one-fourth of an 
inch beyond it on all sides. As soon as the edges begin to loosen, 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 399 

remove and repaint until it disappears. Calc. fluor. three grains in 
alternation with same of ferr. plios. every two hours. Pressure when 
it can he applied. Electricity by needles inserted into the aneurism 
when available. 

Angina Pectoris (neuralgia of the heart). — Cause: 

Diseases of the brain or blood, stimulants, passional excitement, 

loss of sleep, etc. Symptoms: Sudden, excruciating pain 

shooting through the heart, from breast to back, producing 

faintness, depressed pulsation, pale, anxious expression, and 

coldness or cold, clammy sweat. 

Treatment: If caused by wind in stomach, give hot pepper or 
anise seed tea, or ten to twenty drops of ether, or inhale a tablespoon- 
ful of ether from a handkerchief, or take a teaspoonful of whisky in a 
tablespoonful of hot water, repeated in ten minutes. If stomach is 
acid, a teaspoonful of soda in a glass of water. If full of undigested 
food, an emetic. During the attack, secure complete relaxation with 
csecal flush, No. 23, or with thirty to sixty drops of tincture of lobelia, 
repeated as of ten as necessary. Nitrite of amyl, three to eight drops 
in a hermetically sealed capsule, broken on a piece of lint or linen 
and inhaled, gives instant relief. Use cautiously; if not procurable, 
use uitro-glycerine, one drop of a one per cent solution in water; or 
inhale a few drops of chlorform, and, just as it begins to narcotize, 
hypodermically inject one quarter of a grain of sulphate of morphia. 
To prevent recurrance, R. tinct. lobelia, one ounce; tinct. macrotys, 
one-half ounce; tinct. gelsemium one-half ounce; aconite, ten drops; 
water four ounces; mix. Teaspoonful three or four times a day. Dur- 
ing the interval improve general health, avoid cold, damp, violent 
exercise, walking after meals, frequent sexual intercourse, and all 
mental excitement, and cure any condition predisposing to other 
attacks. 

Angina Tonsillario.— See quinsy. 

Angina Gangrenosa, malignant quinsy, putrid sore throat.— See 
quinsy. 

Anosmia (loss of the sense of smell). — May be from 
injury to the nerves leading from the brain to the nose ; or 
from disease of the nasal membrane. Treat the cause. 

Anorexia (loss of appetite). — Common in all acute, and 
many chronic diseases. Treatment: Improve conditions of 
light, air, cheerfulness, and the like, and increase the secretion 
of the gastric fluid. Exercise 19, p. 34; 9, p. 33; 3, p. 30. 
Active exercise in the open air ; if vigorous, cold sponge bath 
twice a day, or shower bath once a day ; if weakly, cool or cold 
sponge once a day, half pint of hot water drank four times a 
day. In all cases, bowels kept active with csecal flush. If any 
cause is known, treat that. Camomile tea, gentian, wild 
cherry, or aromatic sulphuric acid, ten to thirty drops two or 
three times a day; or, before meals give quassin (neut.) one- 
thirty-third to one-sixth of a grain in water. First regulate 
the bowels, and cure gastric catarrh if present. 



400 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Anthrax (wool sorter's disease). — A micro-organism 
peculiar to cattle. Both contagious and infectious. May 
attack man as malignant pustules, anthrax-oedema, or internal 
anthrax. Produces symptoms of a malignant poison, rigors, 
high fever, vomiting, nausea, prostration, sleeplessness, labored 
breathing, exhaustion and delirium. Treatment: Ten to 
thirty drops of peroxide of hydrogen, in alternation with 
fifteen grain doses of resorcin, one dose every three hours. 
Also rapid blood-cleansing method, No. 4. 




FIG. 58. POSITIONS OF THE WOMB. 

Antipyrinism. — Disease resulting from the poisonous 
effects of antipyrin. Symptoms: Face and lips red and 
swollen, scarlet rash, inflamed and ulcerous mucous membrane, 
extremities swollen and itching, tongue swollen and dirty. 
Stop giving the drug, and treat symptoms as they arise. 

Anteflexion. — The fundus of the womb drops down at 
an angle as in C or B, Fig. 58, and is rigid in that position. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



401 



Anteversion. — The fundus drops down upon the blad- 
der, while the os points directly back toward the sacrum. The 
different normal positions of the womb are shown in Fig. 58, 
but these differ from the normal in the rigidity of the struct- 
ures, causing feeling of weight, pelvic pain, and frequent, but 
vain desire to pass water. If not relieved, chronic inflamma- 
tion of bladder will result. See .4, Fig. 58. 

Sleep on back, with foot of bed elevated eight to ten inches. 
Remove ail weight and pressure from clothing, by supporting from the 
shoulders. Once a day for an hour, lie on the bed in the position repre- 
sented in Fig. 59, the chair being covered with blankets, kips on the 
back of the chair, knees supported over the rounds. Breathe deeply, 




FIG. 59. CHALK PELVIC TREATMENT. 

read or sew at pleasure ; when tired turn a little on one side, and then 
on the other. This position loosens adhesions, and strengthens the 
natural supports of the pelvic organs. Caeca] flush two or three 
times a week. Rest and sleep on back a few minutes at intervals of 
two hours all day. At every rest, take three deep, long inspirations. 
Be much in the open air, and live in a temperature as cool as possible, 
without chills. Medicine is of doubtful utility beyond a tonic like 
berberis or false unicorn (helonias dioica.), in non-irritative states. If 
irritation be present, remove with sitz baths, tri-weekly. In either 
case, the water tread daily, with arm plunge twice a week". 

Anus (Fissure of). — A painful cracli at the edge of the 

anus. Symptom* : Smarting, and sometimes throbbing in the 

part, increased by coughing, sneezing and the like. 

Treatment: Colon flush three times a week, tepid sifz bath three 
times a week; shirt wrap once a week: bowel pack, thirty minutes, 
twice a week, of hayseed tea. Daily cold ablution ; or, keep bowels 
soft with butternut, and wear on the fissure a soft sponge, saturated 
with equal parts of fl. extract of mullein and white pinus canadensis. 
Wash sponge and renew three times a day. Keep in place by a "T" 
bandage. 

Anns, Fistula. — A tnbuler ulcer with an outer opening near the 
anus, and an inner opening into the rectum. Symptoms: Itching pain 
when bowels are moved; moisture, soiling the clothing, with offensive 

26 



402 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



odor sometimes. Treatment same as fissure of anus, or solid ext.. 
Bngle weed trituated with lard, into a strong ointment, and applied 
constantly. 

Aphonia (loss of voice). — Organic, when the vocal cords 
have been distroyed by diphtheria, cancer, etc. Functional, 
when the cords are stiff by inflammation, or lose their power 
of motion from paralysis, or from hysterical causes, syphilis or 
tubercle eating the tissue of larynx ; or by lack of cohesion of 
nerve, or nerve distress, or cold. Most cases are reflex from 
teething, worms, masturbation, uterine or genital irritation. 

Treatment: If organic, local and constitutional to suit cause; if 
functional and reflex, treat the organ implicated; if nervous, antispas- 
modics and tonics; cold or heat to larynx externally, according to 
condition of congestion or relaxation, in each case. Electric faradic 
current, mild, positive at base of spine, negative on throat, ten to 
twenty minutes once or twice a day, for relaxed conditions. For same 
use exercise, No. 2; p. 30. General tonic, water method, or einchonidia, 
three to ten grains, in twenty-four hours; and nutritive diet, average 
or strong. Be careful to have rooms well ventilated (see p. 2-4). 

Appendicitis (perityphlitis). — Inflammation of the 
caecum, may produce ulceration of the mucous membrane, or 
inflammation of the entire wall and surrounding tissues- 
Cause: Cold and wet; traumatism; irritation of faeces con- 
taining seeds, or other hard substances. 

Symptoms : When slow— constipation, pain in right groin, 
increased by pressure, then same as if sudden, namely — pain in the 
csecum, may be vomiting, loss of appetite, fever; abdomen swollen and 
tympanitic, and prominence over the seat of the attack. If then, 
masses of foul-smelling feces are discharged, recovery ensues. If the 
peritoneum becomes involved, tenderness and swelling increase, the 
right leg is drawn up, and later collapse. If abscess forms— septic 
fever, fluctuation ; if it breaks into the colon — probable recovery ; if 
into the peritoneum, peritonitis and death. 

Treatment: Csecal flush, No. 28, repeated if necessary, until the 
colon is entirely empty ; only hot milk and bovinine for food. Com- 
press on right groin, renewed as often as it warms. Two tepid sitz 
baths a day, up to the navel, if able. Hot foot bath with ashes and 
salt every day, or, if not able, heat to the feet. Fomentation of whole 
left arm; lie chiefly on left side, and with hips elevated. Crowd the 
treatment; if pain becomes severe, or abdomen tympanitic, give the 
elm flush, as directed for diarrhoea, dysentery, etc. If necessary, give 
retained enemas of No. 23, or of sweet oil, when the disease begins to 
yield, then treat less vigorously. Should ulceration have set in, or 
abscess formed before treatment is begun, and no surgical aid at hand, 
then fomentation on the part, of hay flower tea, the shirt wrap daily, 
whole ablutions as often as comfort requires. Should peritonitis 
supervene, treat as for that. 

Appetite, Unnatural. — Cause : Irritation of the 
mucous lining of the stomach or small intestines, diseases of 
the nervous system, chlorosis and pregnancy. Treat the cause. 

Apoplexy, (1) cerebral, (2) spinal, (3) pulmonary, etc. 
— An engorgement of blood, with or without extravasation 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



403 



of blood, in or upon an organ. Symptoms: (1) unconscious- 
ness, pulse small and slow, respiration slow, embarrassed or 
stertorious, froth at mouth, clammy sweat, face livid and con- 
gested, or very pale, eyes dull, glassy, insensible, teeth clenched, 
(2) Sudden pain, convulsions, difficult breathing if high, 
depressed pulse, pale, cold skin ; not high, spasms confined to 
limbs, paralysis in all parts supplied with nerves radiating 




FIG. GO. APOPLECTIC CLOT IN BRAIN. 

from below the point of disease. (3) Profound collapse, pro- 
fuse hemorrhage, extreme difficulty of breathing, lividity. 
Cause : Anything that exhausts the vitality of the organ. 

Treatment: In cases 1, 2, and 3, avoid violent mental or physical 
exertions, straining at stool, and strong emotions or passions ; alsb, tea, 
coffee, tobacco, alcohol, stimulants or sexual indulgence, heavy meals, 
inucli animal food, stooping, tight bands about the neck, hot baths, 
and great extremes of temperature. Sleep with head high, and wear 
hair short. If anaemic, give anti-anaemic diet, and tonic treatment as 
required. (1) In Attacks; with face turgid — caecal flush, No. 22, head 
high, lie on right side, fomentations of mustard to feet and limbs. 
Back, chest and abdomen, vigorously washed three or four times a day 
with vinegar and water, as quickly as possible. A warm foot bath 
every six hours, vigorous ablution of limbs and arms twice a day. 
(1) With pale face— caecal flush, capsicium one to four grains in elm tea ; 
hot sponge bath, two or three times a day. Massage. (2) Absolute 
rest; cold compress to part, fomentations of mustard to the feet, 
abdomen and wrists. (3) Absolute rest; general applications as for 
hemorrhage of the lungs. Support the heart with cactus grand, and 
liquid nutritive diet. 

Aptlie (small, white ulcers in the mouth; most fre- 
quently in young children. The oidium albicans. Contagi- 



404 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ous and infectious). — Cause: Anything that can degrade the 

living matter of nutrition into microbial forms. Symptoms: 

Irritation, restlessness, fever, debility, cough, vomiting, diarrhoea 

innutrition. Blisters changing to ulcers. 

Treatment: One ounce each of Lloyd's Hydrastis and fl. extract 
pinus canadensis, applied locally with a earner's hair brush or swab, or 
wash with saturated solution of boroglyceride, or peroxide of hydro- 
gen, one-half teaspoonful to the ounce of water. For red and hot 
mouth— ferrum phos. White ulcers of nursing babes— kali mur; 
ashy grey ulcers, fetid breath, gums bleed easily, red line on edges, 
watery canker — kali phos., a dose every three hours. Attend to ven- 
tilation, disinfection of nursing bottles, if used, and keep skin clean 
and warm, and improve the general health. 

Asthma. — A spasmodic, nervous disease, consisting of an 
irritation of the nerves that supply the circular muscular fibers 
of the bronchi, causing spasmodic contraction, obstructing the 
passage of air both ways. Comes when electrical condition of 
the atmosphere is low. Symptoms: Lassitude, debility, head- 
ache, drowsiness, may be indigestion, smothering, difficult 
breathing, chest distended, pulse feeble, eyes protrude, lips 
purple, temperature falls to near 80° F., profuse sweat, cough, 
expectoration. 

Treatment: If patient is vigorous, first day, shoulder shower, 
knee shower and water tread. Second day, back and loin shower and 
water tread; third day, sitz bath, shoulder shower and water tread; 
fourth day, back and loin shower, arm plunge and water tread; fifth 

day, sitz bath, shoulder shower and water tread; sixth day, whole 
pack and water tread ; seventh day, loin shower and water tread. The 
showers from one to three minutes, sitz baths from fifteen to twenty 
minutes, water treads from three to fifteen minutes, water cold. The 
second week, shoulder shower three times, back and loin shower three 
times, sitz once, and water tread seven times. If weakly, substitute the 
shawl wrap for the shoulder shower, lower back and abdomen ablu- 
tion for the loin shower, tepid sitz in place of the cold sitz, and foot 
shower or very short water tread in place of the longer water tread. 
Water only as cool as can be reacted against within three minutes. 

Syrup or wine of ipecac one-half teaspoonful, or tincture of lobelia 
one-fourth teaspoonful, every half hour, until relieved; same time 
hot mustard foot bath, and mustard between the shoulders. Strong, 
clear coffee sometimes gives relief; two or three cups before meals* 
If the paroxysm arises from indigestion or overloaded stomach, give 
a teaspoonful of mustard in a half pint of water; if from constipation, 
caecal flush of hot water, and retained enema (flush), No. 6. Smoking 
paper dipped in a saturated solution of saltpeter, and dried until the 
fumes fill the room, is often efficacious. Caffeine in two grain doses' 
every half hour is good. Smoking stramonium leaves sometimes 
relieves. Inhale the vapor of a mixture, from a wide mouthed bottle, of 
ether one ounce, spirits ot turpentine one-half ounce, benzoic acid 
one-half ounce, balsam of tolu two drams. 

To prevent paroxysms upon first symptoms, anemonine (alk.) 
one-sixty-seventh to one-twenty-seventh of a grain every ten minutes,- 
less frequently in chronic cases, or hyoscyamine sulph. (alk.) one-two- 
hnndred-fiftieth, increased if necessary to one-fifth of a grain every 
hour until the effect is gained, or sulphide of calcium, one-twelfth of a 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 405 

grain three to twelve times a day. Fluid extracts of verba santa and 
grindelia robusta, of each half a teaspoonful each hour, for three hours, 
then every two or three hours, has cured many cases. 

Homeopathic Method : Asthma from sudden cold— aconite and ipecac 

every hour for a day, then if not cured, copaiva, arsenicum, phosphoric 

acid and ipecac in rotation, one dose every hour. Asthma, chronic — 

the last four remedies, one every two hours, upon the occurrence of 

any symptom. 

"A mixture of oxygen and nitrogen monoxide gases invariably 
gives instant relief, and their continued use, variously modiiied, has 
never failed in my hands to work a perfect cure." — Dr. S. S. Wallian. 

Ascites (abdominal dropsy). — Effusion of serum into the 
cavity of the abdomen. Usually caused by peritonitis or liver 
disease. Symptoms: If from liver — sallow or yellow skin, con- 
gested conjunctiva, brown tongue, cough, dullness of upper lobe 
of right lung, pain in shoulder, drowsiness, urine loaded with 
bile. If from chronic peritonitis — none of the above, but 
upper body emaciated, features pinched, anxious, shining skin, 
veins dilated, abdomen enlarged. 

Treatment for the last is encouraging; the first will probably 
return unless persistent water treatment thoroughly changes the con- 
dition of the liver. Dwarf elder (Sambucus Ebulus L.) root tea three 
times a day. Cold body wrap daily one hour, for a week, then every 
second day for ten days, then every third day for two weeks. Nutri- 
tious diet, average or strong. The thenno-ozone battery one hour 
morning and night. Apocynum canadensis, one ounce, water four 
ounces; one teaspoonful every four hours; or sambucus, two to ten 
drops every three hours; or aralia hispida two drams, water four 
#unces ; a teaspoonful every four hours. 

If this be not successful, strengthen the blood with tonic method, 
average or strong. Leave the dropsical accumulation as long as possi- 
ble so that its pressure may check further effusion and give calcium 
lacto phosphate. Then to remove the effusion jalapin (con.) one-half 
grain or more as required. To act on the kidneys, apocynum ('cone.) 
one-twelfth of a grain every one-half hour for acute; every two hours 
for chronic cases. 

Atelectasis (pulmonary collapse). — Cause: Anything 
that weakens the power of inspiration. Symptoms: Difficult. 
quick, shallow breathing, pallor, face and ends of fingers bluish, 
prostration, rapid, feeble pulse, cold extremities, weak voice, 
feeble cough, slight expansion of chest. Treatment: Fomen- 
tations of mustard water on chest and limbs, stimulants, lobelia 
emetic if bad; later, tonic and alterative treatment. In the 
new-born, the hot bath followed by dashes of cold water on 
back of neck, roll in warm flannel, friction, repeat the bath, 
tonics, stimulants and generous feeding. 

Atheroma. — A degeneration of the inner and middle 
ioats of the arteries, usually in patches. Symptoms : Obscure ; 



406 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

heart failure, rigidity of affected parts, pulse indistinct, cold 
extremities, debility, dry gangrene ; apoplexy, epilepsy, demen- 
tia, petrification. Cause : Violence, tension and any morbid 
matter in blood, as tubercles, syphilis, rheumatism, etc. 
Deemed incurable, but might be retarded in early stage by 
keeping blood charged with hydrogen peroxide, or try iodine 
one-sixty-seventh to one-twelfth grain three to five times a day, 
and calcium lacto phosphate one and one-half grains three to 
six times daily. 

Atrophy. — A want of nourishment and waste of sub- 
stance of any organ, gland or tissue. 

Atrophy of tlie Brain may be congenital or from old age, from 
cerebral hemorrhage, chronic inflammation, masturbation, sexual 
excesses, or the use of alcohol, opium or tobacco. Symptoms: General 

failure of mind and senses, tremor, incomplete paralysis, irritability, 
vertigo, thick speech, outbursts of rage, sleeps nearly all the time, 
complete imbecility. Treatment: Improve the general health. Gentle 
exercise, sponge bath daily, and warm sulphur baths. Massage and 
faradization of the whole body. General alterative and tonic treat- 
ment. Nutritive or blood-making diet, as strong as can be borne. 
Liquor auri et arsenii bromidi, five to fifteen drops three times a day. 
Compound oxygen as constitutional remedy to be long continued. 
Beef extracts. 

Atrophy of the Heart.— Cause: Impoverished brain, exhausting 

disease, defective nutrition, germs of syphilis, cancer and the like; 

old age, morbid growths, aneurisms. May be congenital. Symptoms: 

Decreased area of dullness over the heart, diminished heart action, 
lowered temperature. Treatment: Rapid blood-making, average or 
strong; physical exercise and mental excitement to be avoided. Cin- 
chona fluid extract, ten to thirty drops in water every three hours, or 
sparteine sulphate (common broom), one-half to one grain three times 
a day ; or cactus grandiflorus, ten to thirty drops of the fl. ext. three 
times a day. 

Atrophy of the iAings.— Causes: Senile changes, emphyzema, 

marasmas, hydrothorax, tumors. Symptoms: Difficult breathing, 

dropsy of extremities, cyanosis, pigeon breast thorax. No treatment 
very promising, but try liquor auri et arsenii bromidi (Barclay) as for 
senile atrophy. 

Atrophy of the Muscles.— Cause: Non-use, injury of their nerves, 

the germs of disease, shocks, concussions, etc. Symptoms: Wasting,. 

lowered temperature, impaired sensation, numbness. Treatment: 

Remove cause. Hot baths, pours or fomentations alternated with cold, 
one-sixth as long time, changing from hot to cold two or three times, 
the whole application to continue twenty-five to thirty minutes once 
daily. Massage. Exercise as can be borne. General tonic treatment, 
cinchona as for atrophy of heart, fomentations (stimulating) for five 
to ten minutes every three hours. 

Backache.— When symptomatic only of a want of tone, give tonic 

treatment, No. 3, suited to the case, or arnicin (glu.) one-sixth grain 
every one-half to two hours. When it is a symptom of disease, treat 
the disease which causes it. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 407 

Baldness. — See alopecia. 

Bedsores. — Caused by long continued lying in one posi- 
tion, excoriation of the skin from matter, bread-crumbs, wrin- 
kles in the sheet ; occur on the back, heel, shoulders and elbow. 
Remove the pressure by a ring cushion stuffed with muslin, 
cotton, or curled hair, or better still a rubber water cushion. 
If actually open, cover with soap plaster spread on thick buck- 
skin, or with two layers of adhesive plaster very smoothly 
applied, which must be removed if suppuration sets in, and 
treat as for ulcers, which see. If not open, apply one part of 
.alcohol to three parts of water as a wash two or three times a 
day, or a wash of tannic acid five to ten grains, and glycerine 
one to two drams, or anoint with lanolin and protect with 
wool. To prevent their formation, use alum and common salt, 
-of each half an ounce, and water and alcohol of each one pint ; 
for local use twice daily. 

Biliousness. — A word in general use, applied indiscrim- 
inately to five different conditions: 1. Deficient secretion of 
the liver, when the materials which ought to be removed from 
the blood are left in it. 2. Obstruction of the bile ducts, pre- 
venting the escape of the bile from the liver, and causing its 
re-absorption into the blood. 3. Abnormal condition of the 
l>ile itself. 4. The pouring back of the bile from the duode- 
num into the stomach. 5. Overproduction of bile. 

Causes. 1. Anything that will repress the functional activity of 
1 he organ. 2. Inflammation, viscid condition of the bile itself, colds, 
semi-paralysis from constipation, sedentary habits, etc. 3. Overwork 
of the liver by excess of sugar and starchy foods, excess of poisonous 
substances in the blood, deficient food elements. 4. May be sea-sick- 
ness, reverse peristaltic action in consequence of constipation. 5. 
Usually the same as No. 3. 

Symptoms: 1. Dullness, blotched skin, probably headache, some- 
times deranged appetite and digestion. May be overwork of the kid- 
neys, bowels or skin in the effort to throw off the noxious material ; 
stools clay colored, or dark. 2. Sickness of stomach, headache, dizzi- 
ness, constipation, slate colored stools, yellow eyes, bitter taste, pain 
in right side or under right shoulder blade. 3. Mucli like No. 1. 4. 
Eructations of bile or vomiting of bilious matter. May be sickness at 
stomach and headache. 5. Morning dizziness, may be headache and 
fever, nausea, vomiting, tongue yellowish Avhite, breath offensive, bit- 



408 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ter taste. The repetition of the acute attacks is apt to induce chronic- 
biliousness with muddy skin, yellowish eyes, headache, etc., more or 
less constant. 

Treatments: Avoid the cause if practicable ; if not, treat it. For 
No. 1, much exercise in the open air, exercise, Nos. 11 and 12 b; csecal 
flush three times a week with retained enema No. 37 and 7; daily com- 
press of one hour, of vinegar one part to water three parts; daily 
sponge bath, full pack twice a week; diet of meat, fish, green vegeta- 
bles and acid fruits. Avoid sugars, starches and alcoholic and malt 
liquors. Anti-bilious diet: Leptandrin extract two grains as often as- 
necessary; or euunymus extract; softened with essence of peppermint 
and stiffened into a pill mass with equal parts of powdered bitter root 
and golden seal, and one-tenth part capsicum. 

No. 2: Full pack once a week; csecal flush with retained enema No. 
2, or a fomentation daily for one hour over the gall bladder of No. 23 
one day, and No. 26 every alternate day; exercise No. 12 b; daily 
sponge bath and one-half pint of hot water sipped slowly before meals 
and on retiring. Apocynim (when piles, feverishness and hard pulse 
are absent) one-third to three grains as often as necessary. When 
these are present, treat fever and give ext. of butternut eight to twelve 
grains or fl. ext. thirty to sixty drops with a little ginger. 

No. 3: Treat as for No. 1 if abstinence from food for twenty-four 
hours and then a diet of skimmed milk, buttermilk, beef, poultry, and 
raw or stewed fruits is not effective. 

No. 4: Secure a normal peristaltic movement of the bowels by hot 
csecal flushes as often as needful. Knead the colon beginning low in 
the left groin by a downward, pushing movement of the knuckles, 
repeat three times; then two inches higher, carrying the downward 
movement as low as possible, three times; then 'two inches higher* 
and so follow the tract of the colon all the way round to the right 
groin, always making the motions in the direction of the space already 
passed over. Then from the right groin, with a digging, pushing, for- 
ward motion, retrace the steps to the left groin ; then knead and shake 
the central bowels for five minutes. Do this daily, but not until all 
impacted foeces are removed by flushing. 

No. 5: Tepid compress on liver one-half hour daily. Bowels kept 
active with colon flush, even if loose, but with baking soda one tea- 
spoonful to the pint in it. Much outdoor air. In chronic biliousness* 
apply the same methods with a vigor proportioned to the severity of 
the disease and the strength of the patient. 

Bites. — See accidents, etc. 

Bladder, Inflammation of. — See cystitis. 

Bladder, Irritation of. — Caused by intense prolonged 

erotic excitement, especially if unrelieved. Contracted meatus,, 

strictures, congestion of the deep urethra left by inflammation. 

Symptoms: Desire to urinate frequently, with smarting during 
the act, especially towards its close. Pain in the urethra and back. 
The expulsive power is generally weakened at first, later increased 
into spasmodic, painful, crampy action. Treatment: "When due to* 
phosphatic deposits in the urine— R. Acid benzoic, two drams; soda, 
borate, three drams; water, 12 ounces. Mix; tablespoonful three times 
a day. In other cases treat as a mild chronic cystitis, which see. 

Bladder, Paralysis of. — In spinal disease with reten- 
tion of urine, cannabin (alk.) one-sixth to one grain every two 
hours. For sphincter-palsy, distention-palsy and paretic dysu- 
ria (impeded and painful urination), ergotine (Bonjean's), one- 



"DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 409 

half to two and one-half grains hypodermically. For palsy of 
detrusor (expulsive) muscular fibers, arnicin (giu.), one-sixth 
grain every one-half to two hours, or Brucine (alk.) one-sixty- 
seventh to one-twelfth grain as required. For atonic paresis 
(lack of power without paralysis), cantharidin one-five-hun- 
dredth of a grain every three hours. 

Blood I>iseases need not to be enumerated, nor their 
symptoms given, since the following treatment is effective for 
all, except anaemic and poisoned conditions (for first see 
anaemia). For poisoned see blood poison. 

Treatment : Nutritive method average or strong, or blood-cleansing- 
method as needed ; daily ablution the first week, head vapor once, foot 
vapor once, whole pack once, hot water one-half hour before each 
meal. Second week — Shirt wrap three times, sitz bath twice, whole 
shower twice. Third week and later — Shawl wrap once, loin shower 
twice, arm plunge twice, whole ablution daily, coecal flush two to live 
times from tne beginning, No. 42. Rest and* sleep abundantly. Air 
and temperature should be fresh, abundant and comfortable, no chills ; 
diversion, as active as circumstances permit. Make free use of 
comp. oxygen or the Thernio-ozone battery; with sufficient oxygen in 
the system the blood becomes so saturated* that bacteria cannot propa- 
gate in it, which is called sterilizing it. 

Blood Poisoning". — Wrap the injured part in a hot 

fomentation of hay flowers, to be renewed as often as the pain 

increases. If there are other than local symptoms, treat with 

wraps, packs, ablutions, etc., according to the symptoms. 

The usual general symptoms are chills or chilly sensations, fever 
which may run very high, sweating, face pale, pinched, delirium, diar- 
rhoea, vomiting, red spots over the skin. Treatment : Rapid blood- 
cleansing and tonic methods, control excessive exhausting sweating 
by quinine, one to two grains every hour or two, or hyoscyamus fi. ext- 
five to fifteen drops. Treat other complications as they arise. 

Boils, Furuncles and Carbuncles. — An oil gland 
of the skin filled with lymph interspersed with the staphylo- 
coccus or streptococcus pyogenus aureus. 

Cause: Anything that depresses the stomach and produces mal- 
nutrition. Change of habit. Too exclusive meat diet, diabetes, albu- 
minuria cachectic conditions. Exciting cause may be friction. 

Treatment: To abort boils before suppuration, camphor one part f . 
chloroform two j^arts, applied with the tip of the finger hourly for a 
day and take calcium sulphide one-twelfth three to twelve times a 
day. Or, calcium sulph. three grains every two hours. If in crops 
silecia same dosage. Bowels kept open by cgecal flush, No. 42 : nutritive 
method average or strong. As a special tonic, comp. tinct. of cinchona 
and simple syrup each two ounces, nitro-muriatic acid two drams; 
mix. Dose one teaspoonful every four hours. One-half wineglass of 
fresh yeast taken night and morning is effective. Compound oxygen 
to vitalize the system and sterilize the blood; a good lobelia emetic 
followed by alcohol sweat and dose of salts if the system is plethoric. 

Brain, Concussion of. — See brain shock. 



410 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Brain, Inflammation of. — May be of the fibrous dura 
mater membrane, or of the serous arachnoid membrane, or of 
the vascular pia mater membrane, or of one or more of these 
(cerebral meningitis), and of the substance of the brain (phre- 
nitis). Inflammation of the dura mater rarely occurs except 
from injuries or from otitis. The symptoms of congestion fol- 
lowing either, should be vigorously treated as for congestion. 

Arachnitis is inflammation of the arachnoid and pia mater mem- 
branes—almost always associated. The irritation stage lias the symp- 
toms of congestion of the brain. The inflammatory stage has transient 
pains in the head alternated with others in the bowels, quick, tense 
pulse, greater irritability, eyebrows knit and frowning, eyelids half 
closed, retching and vomiting, deep sighing and torpid bowels. The 
depressing stage is characterized by delirium, surprised yet stupid 
look, pupils contracted or dilated, red eyeballs, pupils rolled up during 
sleep, sleepiness, inattention, mental torpidity, coma. 

Encephalitis, phrenitis, inflammation of brain and membranes. 
The stage of excitement is marked by intense and deep-seated pain in 
the head, tightness across forehead, throbbing of temporal arteries, 
flushed face, wild, brilliant and injected eyes, with contraction of 
pupils, great shrinking from light and sound, violent delirium, want 
of sleep, general convulsions, parched and dry skin, hard pulse, white 
tongue, thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation. The stage of collapse 
is marked by indistinct mutterings, dull and perverted hearing and 
vision, double vision, twitching of the muscles, tremors and palsy of 
some of the limbs, ghastly and cadaverous countenance, cold sweats, 
profound coma and death. The disease will not show all these symp- 
toms in any one case. It runs a rapid course, causing death sometimes 
in twelve or twenty-four hours ; it may run two or three weeks. 

Treatment : First stage, treat as congestion. Second stage — Band- 
age feet and legs to the knees, and hands and arms to the elbows, in 
cloths dipped in hot water, one-fourth vinegar. Re-dip in cold water 
when the extremities become thoroughly warm, then renew every one- 
half hour to one hour. Put under the patient folded wet sheets, and a 
folded wet towel laid on abdomen (both to be re-wet in three-fourths of 
an hour). Bathe the head often with warm water; tie a wet cloth 
around the neck and renew every one-half hour; coverall wot applica- 
tions so as to give them a fomenting, not a cold-compress effect. The 
object is to draw the blood away from the brain. Give pure water to 
drink often, but in small quantities. To abort — Jalapim(con.) one-half 
grain or more as required as a revulsive. Pilocarpine one-sixth grain 
in hot water every hour until free perspiration is induced. (Contra 
indicated in emphysema, plurisy and heart disease). Veratrine (alk.) 
one-twelfth grain every two to four hours in most acute cases. 
Nickel bromide one grain three or more times a day for convulsions. 
Eregotin (Bonjean's) one to two and one-half grains hypodermically to 
lessen blood in brain and subdue excitement (Waugh)*. 
Homeopathic Treatment: Aconite for high fever, sleeplessness, etc. 
J3ell.: For throbbing in head, boring head into pillow, furious delir- 
ium, aversion to light and noise, starting during sleep. 
J>ry.: For pain as if skull were pressed asunder, night delirium, lips 
dry and parched, worse by least motion, sitting up in bed causes 
nausea and faintness, dry, hard stools, great irritability. 
■Oicuta. : After concussion, pupils dilated, face bluish and puffed, grind- 
ing teeth, thirst with inability to swallow, spasmodic drawing of 
head backward. 
Olonoine: After sunstroke, throbbing in whole head, sore eyeballs. 
Verat. Vir. : Dim vision with dilated pupils, red streak down center of 

tongue, congestion from high living or abuse of stimulants. 
Opium: Lethargy, stertorious breathing, eyes half closed, delirious 
talking with eyes wide open, acuteness of hearing, stools round, 
hard, black balls; after grief, fright or violent mental emotions. 



DISEASES AKD THEIR TREATMENT. 411 



Hyoscyamus: Drowsiness and loss of consciousness, rolling the head, 
delirium with wild, staring look, jerking limbs and throbbing 
carotids, white tongue, frothing mouth, muttering, picking bed 
clothes, involuntary stools and urine. 

Stramonium: Stupefaction of senses, loquacious delirium, shrinking 
look on waking, talks, sings, makes verses, teeth grind with shud- 
dering, lips sore and cracked, sordes on teeth, glistening, staring 
look. 

Helleborus : Face pale and puffed, soporous sleep, screams, starts, 
head rolls constantly, lower jaw sinks, chewing motion, squinting, 
pux^ils dilated, one arm and one leg move. "Keep room quiet; 
warm fomentations to head; keep feet warm, and for restlessness 
give warm baths and wrap in dry sheets without rubbing." 
(Johnson). 

Brain Fag 1 . — Caused by overwork, the tire of worry 
and anxiety, sleeplessness, etc. Symptoms are morning tire, 
lack of ambition, easily wearied by mental work, may be head- 
ache. Treatment : Xutritive diet, average or strong, rest from 
business, pleasant recreation, abundant sleep, general tonic 
method, outdoor life, kephaline. 

Brain, Congestion of (hyperemia). — Symptoms: Con- 
stipation, feverishness, severe headache, shrinking from light, 
noise or sudden motion, face flushed, noises in ears, pressure 
behind eyeballs, irritability and restlessness. Cause, active : 
Caused by two great pressure of blood in capillaries of brain. 
Passive : Blood flows slowly, but in excess, poisons in blood, 
blows on head, excessive fatigue or excitement, teething, 
whooping cough paroxysms, mental over-exertion. 

Treatment : First week— Foot vapor twice, shawl wrap twice, 
water tread six times, shoulder shower once, hip and knee shower 
once, as equally distributed as practicable. Abstain from all mental 
work and excitement. Second week — if necessary, foot vaj)or once, 
shawl wrap once, water tread six times, knee shower once; cold ablu- 
tion once. After that, if chronic, the same, modified according to 
violence of symptoms; csecal flush from the first, to keep bowels free. 

Or, aconite for the fever, belladonna for the congestion. Or vera- 
truni. rive to twenty drops in water four ounces. Dose a teaspoonful 
every hour, if the pulse is full or aconite five to ten drops in water4ozs. 
Dose, a teaspoonful every hour, if the pulse is small. Warm bath. 
If complicated with irritation of bowels, give enema of elm mucilage 
as for diarrhoea. Sponge face and head with warm water. Tongue 
broad, pallid and dirty — sulphite of soda ten to thirty grains, every 
two or three hours. Broad, expressionless tongue, with fullness of veins 
and tissues — podophyllin, one-tenth grain, two or three times a day, 
for one to three days. Pulse small and sharp, contraction about the 
eyes, sudden cry in sleep, or starting from sleep. — Rhus five drops in 
water four ounces. Dose one teaspoonful every hour or two. Should 
proper treatment not have checked the disease, there may be (1) a con- 
gestive apoplectic attack (see apoplexy); or (2) a maniacal attack 
<see mania); or (3) an epileptic seizure (see epilepsy). 

Brain Starvation. — A condition in which the vital 
elements of the brain are worked off or drained out by 



412 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



excesses, and not adequately supplied by the foods. In sucli 
cases, chemistry has shown that the dificient substances are 
identical with the composition of testicular juice ; hence that 
would seem to be the remedy, which has been abundantly 
proved by experience. Treatment the same as for brain fag* 
but more prolonged. 

Brain Shock. — With signs of congestion, see brain con- 
gestion ; with collapse, see collapse ; with dilated pupils,, 
depression — kali phos., fever, ferrum phos., optical illusions,, 
magnesium phos., numb sensations, calcarea phos., chronic 
effects, natrum sulph. 

Brain Tubercular consists in a deposit of the bacilli tub- 
ercle, from the blood in or on the surface of the brain or its 
membrane, usually an affection of childhood ; most prominent 
in summer months. Cause : Keflex irritation from teething, 
worms, diarrhoea, cholera infantum and the like. 

Symptoms: Great irritability and peevishness, crying, screaming* 
rolling the head, eyes partially open (lining sleep, emaciation, pale- 
ness, listlessness, cough, disorders of stomach and bowels, stools green 

or chopped spinach appearance, vom- 
iting, diarrhoea or constipation, head- 
ache, fever, pulse very rapid, high 
temperature. Later, the pulse slow, 
respiration irregular, stupor, delirium, 
pupils dilated, senses impaired, spasmus 
or convulsions, clinching of the jaws, 
contortion of features, partial or com- 
plete paralysis. 

Treatment: Dry mustard to the 
feet and legs, placed in the soeks. 
Open the bowels freely with ca;cal 
flnsli, No. 8 and 10, mixed, warm bath 
daily fifteen to twenty minutes, gen- 
eral' treatment as for fever. Diet 
should be nutritive. After the fever,, 
tonic method as fast as can be borne 
Watch symptoms and control them. 
Any spasm or convulsion to be checked 
by the administration of lobelia, pas- 
si flora to control restlessness. Hydro- 

FIG. 61. SUPPORTING THE SglSS "^ ^ ^^ " " ^"^ 
BREAST BY STRAP. 

Breasts, Acute Inflammation of (mastitis). — Symp~* 
toms are swelling, tenderness, rigors, fever. Caused by infection 
from fissures, exposure, too much milk, pressure of stays, irri- 
tation of sore nipples. 

Treatment: Remove the cause. Compress (cool) on breasts, hot 
foot bath, fomentation on bowels, hot caecal flush. If excessive milk 
secretion, the Columbia hospital prescription is— camphor one ounce, 




DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 



413 



turpentine oil three ounces. Rub the breasts freely, or use rosin oint 

ment spread on piece of soft leather or kid, or oil of spearmint one 

drain, olive oil two ounces, apply a teaspoonful hot, three times a day 

with friction. Or keep bowels open with caecal or sigmoid flushes, 

foment the breast with fl. extract of Phytolacca decandra four drains, 

and hot water four ounces. 

Dr. Waugh recommends as a specific fl. extract of Phytolacca five 
drops every hour and solid extract of Phytolacca with an equal 
quantity of lanoline, applied as a plaster. Keep the breasts well 
strapped up with strips of adhesive plaster or bandages as in Fig. No". 
fJl. If from cracked nipples, paint the nipple with compound tincture 
of benzoin or apply an ointment of icthyol four parts, almond or olive 
oil one part, lanoline and glycerine each five parts. If abscess forms, 
poultices of carrots, bread and milk or slippery elm ; if it points, open 
in most depending part with edge of knife pointing toward nipple, 
and apply elm poultices. 

Breath, Fetid. — Zinc snlphocarbolate, potassa perman- 
ganate, menthol, thymol or encalyptol a few grannies of either 
dissolved in the month and swallowed as needed. 

Bronchitis, Acute. — Inflammation of the lining mem- 
brane of the bronchial tnbes. Tubes shown in Fig. 62. 

Symptoms: Chilliness, pain in back and extremities, headache, 
coryza, sore throat, hoarseness, tightness of chest, soreness under 

sternum, furred tongue, constipation, 
harsh cough, frothy expectoration 
after one or two days, light fever, 
difficult breathing. 

Cause: Early or old age, debili- 
tating diseases or habits, insufficient 
clothing, heart diseases, cold, damp 
climate; sudden cold, irritants 
inhaled, morbid growths, disappear- 
ance or suppression of skin diseases, 
various diseases such as measles, 
whooping cough, gout, rheumatism, 
syphilis, typhoid fever. 

Treatment: Full coecal flush No. 
7. Shawl pack one hour, hot foot bath 
twenty minutes, dry heat between 

shoulders and on spine. Inhalation 
of comp. oxygen four to six times a 
day tli rough warm water; or jug in- 
halation a few minutes every hour or 
i w two. as follows, using wafer made 

JIG. 62. TRACHEA, LUNG, BRON- sweet with brown sugar or molasses, 
CHIAL TUBE AND SMALL or the drugs named: A quart stone 

BRON'CHI. n 11 ^* heated and containing a pint of 

boiling water and a teaspoonful ot 
•tar, creosote, oil of turpentine, carbolic acid, tincture. of iodine, or oil 
of eucalyptus. Then the patient envelopes his head and the jug, 
with his mouth to the orifice, and inhales the escaping steam. 




414 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Heat to feet and wrists. Retained enema, No. 35. Adapt the treat- 
ment to strength of patient and violence of disease. Diet, nutritive, 
mild; all foods and drinks warm; ferrum phos. in alternation -with 
the remedy indicated by the expectoration. Kali miir in second stage 
with white, thick phlegm. Kali suiph. with yellow, watery, profuse, 
greenish or slimy phlegm, three tablets every two to four hours'. 
Natrum mur. with frothy, clear, loose, rattling phlegm. Calcaria phos. 
with phlegm like the white of an egg in anaemic persons. Calcaria 
sulph. with yellowish or green phlegm, mixed with blood, third stage. 
Natrum sulph. Patient holds his chest in coughing. Silicea, cough 
worse from cold and better from warm drinks ; pus-like expectoration. 

Or, warm bath at bed time followed by eight or ten grains Dovers* 
powders; next morning a dose of epsom salts, or castor oil. If there 
is cough with tightness of upper chest, give a sweat, apply mustard,, 
follow with a saline cathartic, such as epsom or rochelle salts, or cit- 
rate of magnesia. For the cough — syrup of ipecac one-half teaspoonf ul 
every three or four hours ; after first day syrup of wild cherry bark a 
teaspoonful with the ipecac. When the cough is soft and loose,, 
reduce the ipecac; expectoration free, discontinue the ipecac and sub- 
stitute one-half teaspoonful syrup of squills three or four times daily.. 
Or, make flannel jacket for the chest, back and front, saturate with 
turpentine, cover with wadding, re-wet two or three times a day; give 
aconite as for fever through the day and syrup of codeine at bedtime".. 
For a child one or two years old— R. Tincture veratri viridi fifteen 
drops, syrup ipecacuanha and spirits of nitrous ether, each half ait 
ounce; mix. Dose fifteen drops every three hours. 

Bronchitis, Acute Capillary. — The extension of the 
inflammation from the larger to the smaller bronchial tubes- 
Symptoms: Frequent and labored respiration, face flushed 
and anxious, pulse 130 to 140 a minute; temperature may rise 
to 103 F. Short, hacking cough at the beginning, with scanty, 
then thick expectoration, with rattling sound in severe cases. 
Later, lips and tips of the fingers blue, veins of neck turgid,, 
breathing more labored, signs of exhaustion, often a profuse 
frothy expectoration, clammy sweat, pulse small, respiration 
more and more feeble, cough and expectoration cease, suffoca- 
tion. In some cases at the beginning, temperature may be 
below normal, pulse very rapid and feeble. Extremely 
dangerous. 

Treatment must be sustaining, temperature of room at 70°, air kept 
moist by steam, wrap in a flannel blanket wet in hot water covered 
with dry until face sweats if there be no indication of faintness. If 
face be blue and pulse feeble, give stimulants freely, both by stomach 
and retained ensema. Call physician as soon as possible. Chloride of 
ammonium as an expectorant. If a stimulating expectorant be needed, 
carbonate of ammonia in wild cherry syrup. Quinine as a tonic. 
Cactus grand to sustain the heart. 

Bronchitis, Chronic. — Catarrhal inflammation of bron- 
chical tubes. Cough, with expectoration of viscid muco- 
purulent matter, often greenish, great tightness of chest, ema- 
ciation, debility, lungs clear from top to bottom, whistling 
rhonci over chest, walls of bronchi thicken and caliber decreases.. 



DISEASES AXD THEIK TREATMENT. 415 

Cause: Repeated acute attacks, rheumatic and gouty diath- 
esis, old age, heart disease. 

Treatment: Climate warm with dry air, moderately high altitude 
protected from cold winds. Drinks warm and nourishing: cup of hot 
tea or milk before rising; germicidal ointment on chest; even temper- 
ature, sleeping and living room the same ; alkaline poultice over chest 
at night; inhalations of steam medicated with terebene, or tincture of 
iodine. Daily baths, inunction daily of three ounces of warm olive oil. 
Anti-dyspepsic diet, No. 50, or 48, or 4G. 

Inhale for ten minutes every four hours, eucalyptus five drops in 
boiling water one-half ounce; or one teaspoonful com p. tinct. of ben- 
zoin in a pint of hot water; keep in same atmosphere thirty minutes 
after inhaling. If the expectoration is tough and cough hard, use 
tinct. of lobelia one-half ounce in one-half pint simple syrup; one 
teaspoonful often enough to loosen. It cough is loose and expectora- 
tion profuse, use capsicum or red v^epper freely internally and oil of 
turpentine inhalation one teaspoonful to a pint of hot water; calcium 
lacto phosphate as a tissue builder. For profuse, purulent sputa aris- 
tol seven to ten grains with phosphite of sodium. For sticky mucus 
hard to raise. Scillitoxin (glu.) one-sixty-seventh grain several times 
a day. 

Bronchitis, Membranous. — A membranous exuda- 
tion on the lining membrane of the bronchial tubes. Cause, 
uncertain. Symptoms : Those of ordinary bronchitis and the 
expectoration of the exudation. Treatment: During the 
attack, same as for acute bronchitis. In the intervals avoid 
all sources of bronchial irritation and build up the general 
health. 

Bronchitis, Old Folks'. — Half an hour before rising 
drink a cup of equal parts of hot milk and seltzers water. 
Inhalations of menthol twenty per cent, in olive oil. Anti- 
septic atmosphere. Pulverized ipecac six grains, pulv. myrrh 
twelve grains, potassa nitrate thirty grains; mix and make 
into six powders. One every fourth hour. Xutritive and 
tonic methods as needed. Chest compress in aggravations. 

Broncliocele (goitre, enlargement of the thyroid 
gland). — May occur as a simple, puffy swelling, or crystic 
degeneration, or effusion of fibrous tissue, or the colonization 
of the bacillus of tubercle and cancer and infiltration of the 
entire gland with calcareous particles. One or both lobes may 
be affected. Causes: Irritation reflected from the genito- 
urinary organs, masturbation, perversion of the sexual act, 
testicular and ovarian irritation, drinking snow or ice water, 
water impregnated with lime or magnesia, or anaemia. Treat- 



416 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

ment : Remove cause. Alterative treatment, mild ; tonic treat- 
ment, mild. The thermo-galvanic battery, or general galvan- 
ism. Tinct. of iris versicolor, ten to sixty drops in f onr ounces 
water. Dose a teaspoonful every three hours; or phytolacca 
tincture five to twenty drops in water four ounces. Dose, a 
teaspoonful every three or four hours. 

Bronchorrhoea. — An excessive discharge of mucus from 
the bronchi. Treatment: Secernent method, mild to strong. 
Astringent inhalations of hemlock. Myrtol four grains repeated 
as needed. Chest compress thirty minutes twice a week. 
Cold ablution and water tread daily. 

Bruises. — See accidents. 

Burns. — See accidents. 

Bunions. — Irritation of the bursse sack, and the over- 
lying skin ; caused by pressure of the shoe deflecting the toes 
from their normal position. Treatment: Protect by mechan- 
ical means and treat as corns. 

Cachexias. — Bad conditions of the body indicating the 

presence of certain diseases, as the cancer cachexia, etc. In all, 

tonic, alterative (excernent) and nutritive methods, to be. 

patiently continued for a long time ; also calcium lacto phosphate. 

One to one and one-half grains three to six times a day. 

In cancerous, malarial, splenic, and phthisical cachexias — for the 
anaemia, give iron valerianate one grain before eacli meal, and manga- 
nese phosphate one to three grains before meals, on alternate days. 
In the mercurial, saturnine, arsenical, scrofulous and syphilitic, give 
iodine one-sixty-seventli to one-twelfth grain, three or four times a 
day. For scorbutic, give citric acid one and one-half to seven and 
one-half grains as needed. 

Calculi, Biliary. — Symptoms: Paroxysmal pain over 
gall duct, vertigo, nausea, bilious, coated tongue, constipation. 
Surface cold, clammy sweat, pulsation feeble. Cause: Gall- 
stones from deranged bile in consequence of deficient oxygena- 
tion of the blood, producing a diminished proportion of soda 
and an increased amount of lime. 

Treatment: During attack, empty stomach by emetic of lobelia, 
then take six or eight ounces of olive oil, and after twenty minutes 
recline on left side with hips elevated higher than the shoulders. 

Fomentations of lobelia tea to the side, hot colon flush, No. 23, as a 
strong relaxant. If available, electricity, faradic current, positive 
pole on seat of pain, negative on opposite side, with slight inhalations; 
of chloroform or ether, followed by warm bath. Dioscorea villosa ten 
to sixty drops in four ounces of water. Dose v one teaspoonful every 
twenty minutes to three hours is useful. Drink one to two gallons of 
filtered ram water every twenty-four hours. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 417 

To prevent : Avoid sugars, fats, fried foods, pastry, potatoes, 
■spices, sweet fruits, malt liquors, wines and alcoholic spirits. Csecal 
Hush three times a week, No. 16, shirt pack twice a week, half pint of 
hot water four times a day, sodium phosphate, one dram before meals 
for several weeks may be taken by those who object to the flush. 
Trituration of podopliyllin, one to a hundred, three grains every bed- 
time as a substitute for the sodium plios.; or fl. ext. of fringe tree and 
peroxide of hydrogen, ten to thirty drops of each three times a day. 
Diet No. 52. 

Calculi, Renal. — Concretions formed by the precipita- 
tion of substances from the urine. Cause : Heredity, seden- 
tary habits, highly nitrogenous food. 

Calculi, Phosphatic (Phosphate of magnesia). — 
Remedy : Csecal flush, No. 23, warm bath, fomentations after- 
ward, lobelia emetic ; all to be repeated, if necessary. Between 
the attacks, outdoor exercise. 

Calculi, Oxalic. — Oxalate if lime mixed with brown or 
mahogany colored granules. Inhalations of oxygen. Give 
ammonium benzoate one-sixth to three grains every two hours, 
for many months. Treat the attacks as for phosphatic, and 
in the intervals, anti-oxalic diet and alterative and tonic 
methods. 

Calculi, Uric Acid. — Deposits of reddish sediment or 
crystals of uric acid. Cause, the gouty or rheumatic diathesis ; 
nmeteen-twentieths of the cases are of this kind. Treatment 
of the attacks as for phosphatic; or internally ten to thirty 
drops of chloroform, every hour or half hour in glycerine, 
with some preparation of opium; if necessary, althaea or 
hair cap moss with potash for a drink. In the intervals 
diet, No. 61, and oil of sassafras on sugar four times a day. 
Or, half to one teaspoonful of hydrangea, two or three times a 
day. . 

Cancer (Carcinoma Lupus). (Malignant tumor). — Symp- 
toms : Debility, indigestion, clay colored stools, dry, husky, 
sallow skin ; peculiar fetor of breath, pearly conjunctiva, great 
impoverishment of nerve force, enlargement of glands near the 
seat of the disease. 

Cause. This malignant blood disease is caused by the microbe 
carcinoma locating at some point of irritation, or of special devitaliza- 
tion, and assuming some particular form which gives a name to the 
disease— as scirrhous (stone), medullary (brain), melanotic (brown or 
black), etc. Both imfectious and contagions ; but the germs may 

27 



418 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

rernaiii in the system latent for many years, until some state of low 
vitality gives an opportunity to localize and multiply. 

Treatment : Fortify existing vitality by all i>ossible conditions of 
health. Increase the store by studiously expending less nervous 
energy than is made day by day by a most generous diet of beef, game,, 
milk, cream, raw eggs, etc. Nutritive diet, strong or very strong; 
and such regulated exercise and baths as will secure the utmost possi 4 - 
ble assimilation. See blood-making treatment strong. Much outdoor- 
air, deep breathing, the hot colon flush three times a week, full pack 
once or twice a week, avoidance of all causes of depression, and all 
unnecessary drains upon the vital force. Try to kill the germs in the 
blood by the use of ozonized chian turpentine, one teaspoonful before 
meals, gradually increased to three for two weeks, then change to 
phytolcca berries, ozoned fluid extract five to ten drops in water 
before meals, three times a day, for two weeks more, and in urgent 
cases after meals also, then the turpentine again, and so on. If the- 
tumor is very small, apply an ointment of stramonium during the day r 
and an ointment of phytolaeca at night. These failing to arrest the 
growth, services of a" competent physician must be secured without 
delay. 

Particular care should be taken to protect the growth from all 
irritation, as there is reason to believe that many benign tumors have 
been made malignant by injudicious irritation. Too much importance- 
cannot be attached to a strictly animal diet, which should be reinforced 
by the other hygienic agents named with heroic persistence. When- 
ever there is discharge, an ounce of listerine to a quart of water, as a 
dressing to kill the odor, or Piatt's chlorides diluted with an equal 
part of water on absorbent cotton as near the sore as possible, and 
towels wet with the chlorides (one to four of water) wafted about the 
room ; solution of eucalyptus is also good. 

Cancer, Gastric. — Cause unknown. Rare under forty, 
tumor in three-fourths of cases, duration two years and under. 
Symptoms: Hemorrhage frequent, vomiting, free hydrochloric 
acid absent, secondary cancer in liver, peritoneum or lymphatic 
glands, loss of blood and strength, cancer cachexia marked, 
pain anterior and posterior and more continuous, less depend- 
ent upon food, less localized and less relieved by vomiting than 
in ulcer. Cancer germs in vomit. Only temporary improve- 
ment if any generally, but it is claimed that it is sometimes 
cured by recent methods. 

Treatment: Liquid animal diet, ozonized clay applied locally to 
the stomach, and removed as often as it reddens the surface, and 
re-applied as soon as it disappears. Europhen one-half grain, three or 
four times a day. Papoid two to five grains, or papoyotin one to four 
grains, after meals. 

Carbuncle. — A hard and circumscribed inflammatory 
tubercle, like a boil, on the cheek, neck or back, and in a few 
days becomes highly gangrenous. The anthrax of medical 
books, not anthrax the sheep disease. 

Treatment: A poultice of rye flour and old fashioned soft soap ; or 
electricity positive on the sore, negative at a distant point, one-half to 
one hour twice a day, galvanic current; and take internally ferrum 



Diseases and their treatment. 419 

phos. and kali nmr in alternation, one dose every hour; or, calcium 
sulphide one-twelfth grain three to six times a day. This for the early 
stage. If pus forms, inject the cavities with per oxygen of hydrogen, 
take silicea three grains every two hours internally, and apply to the 
sore a cloth wet in a fifty per cent, solution of carbolic acid, diminish- 
ing the strength after the first three to six applications. Renew as 
often as it dries. For the fever, quinine in one to two grain doses three 
to six times a day ; or, cooling method, No. 12, as needed, 

Cardialgia. — Pain in the stomach existing- independent 

of any group of symptoms. 

Treatment : For a hard, painful pressure after a meal — bella- 
donna, Pulsatilla. For contractive pains — bryonia. For violent 
spasms or cramps of the stomach with frequent eructations, and tast- 
ing the food — calc. carb. or mag. phos. For spasm in the stomach 
with a sense of pressure — carbo. veg. or mag. phos. For painful dis- 
tension of the stomach, or a bloatedness in region of stomach, — cham, 
or rhus tox. For fine, stinging pain in the stomach — ignatia; intense 
pain in stomach, lycopidium ; aching, drawing pain increased by 
motion, pnlsatilla; cramping, burning pain in stomach, sepia; violent 
pressure in pit of stomach with severe sharp, cutting, piercing pain, 
veratrum. 

Carditis (Inflammation of the heart). — Does not fre- 
quently occur; very dangerous; runs a rapid course. Cause: 
Taking cold ; cold applications to the chest when heated and 
perspiring freely ; large potations of ice water when the body 
is heated by exercise, or exposed to extreme heat ; falls, con- 
tusions, and metastasis of rheumatism. 

Symptoms: Fever; pains around the heart, with palpitation, at 
times most violent and irregular, anxious and oppressive breathing; 
pulse small, tense, irregular and tremulous; difficulty in swallowing, 
fainting, and sudden starting in sleep. Treatment: — Ferrum phos. 
three tablets every hour, or aconite tinct. ten drops in four ozs of 
water, one teaspoonful every one-half hour or hour until some relief; 
then once in two, four or six hours, revulsive methods, average to very 
strong. Diet as in other serious inflammations of the trunk. 

Caries (Fever sores) and Necrosis. — The former con- 
sists of ulceration of bone tissues, characterized by molecular 
death and loss of substance ; the latter of the death en masse 
of bone and tissue-like gangrene in soft tissues. The bacillus 
of saprogenes is the microbe. 

Cause. Of caries — injury, debilitated condition of the system, but 
most commonly from tubercle, struma or syphilis; of necrosis — cut ting- 
off of blood supply by injury or inflammation, certain poisons as 
from specific fevers, scarlet fever, and mercurial and phosphorous, 
poison . 

Treatment: Remove the cause. Diet: An exclusive meat diet. 
Colon flush often enough to secure complete emptying of the colon,, 
two or three times a week. Full pack once a week. Wrap the diseased 
part several times a day in bandages dipped in oat straw decoction:, 
syringe out all ojDenings with peroxide of hydrogen once a day, andi 



420 THE SECRET OP HEALTH. 



apply constantly to their outlets absorbent cotton saturated with 
glycozone. Build up vital force in every possible way, especially by 
the nutritive and tonic methods, average to very strong. 

Catalepsy. — Symptoms: Peculiar rigidity of muscles, 
often taken for death; partial or complete loss of conscious- 
ness. Attacks are usually preceded by premonitory symptoms 
as yawning, eructations, palpitation of the heart, sense of pres- 
sure in head, vertigo and change in disposition. One limb or 
whole body may be affected. Patient can swallow. Sensitive- 
ness of skin is diminished. Attacks vary from several hours 
to two to four days. Cause : Mental depressions, exhausting 
intellectual labor, violent passions, domestic afflictions, preg- 
nancy, hysteria, chorea, fevers, suppressed menses, etc. Cases 
of trance are usually cataleptic. 

Treatment: Remove the cause if practicable ; mild, alterative and 
tonic treatment to correct the tendency ; hot colon flush, No. 46, 
repeated if necessary until the colon is emptied, 'then retained sigmoid 
flush, No. 23. 

Soldier Martin in hospital in Havana, after fifteen days' treatment 
in vain, was cured almost immediately by a bagpipe played near his 
bed.— Dr. J. R. Buchanan. 

In a young, nervous, irritable, plethoric girl— aconite; cold extrem- 
ities, eyes half closed, pupils dilated and lusterless — chamomile. 
Patient lies as if dead, countenance sunken, after depression, yawning 
and drowsiness — laurocerasus. Preceded by jerking of fingers, with 
deadly paleness — cicutae. Diet must be suited to the condition, and 
nutritive, tonic, secernent or excernent methods as required. 

Cataract. — Opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsule, 
from defective nutrition. Cause: Injuries, strains, deep- 
seated inflammations of the eyes, heredity, more frequently 
without any assignable cause. 

Treatment: Calc. phos. and kali, sulph. 3 tablets of each once a 
day. Massage of forehead, head and eye, with building up of general 
health. With dry coryza, itching nose, a web or mist before the eye — 
causticum, silex, baryta carb. Sight obscured in open air, or clouds, 
motes or specks before eye — Pulsatilla, conium-mac. lachesis. Eyes 
sore and scrofulous, sight imperfect with black spots or luminous vibra- 
tions—phosphorus. Vision indistinct, black spots, itching lids, dry, 
burning sensation — hepar-sulph, sulphur, calc. carb. From injury, 1st, 
arnica, 2nd, conium. With syphilis, mercurius, nitric acid. Two drops 
three times a day in the eye, of the juice of the ciuerariae maritiniae 
plant of Venezuela has cured cases of great obstinacy. 

Catarrh. — Inflammation of the follicles of a mucous mem- 
brane with excessive discharge of mucus. The vital processes 
become degraded into the formation of disease germs, the 
amoeba, the lowest and simplest form of microscopic life 
instead of renewal of healthy tissue. Cause : Diminution of 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 421 

nerve force either local or general, or both. May be occasioned 
by rapid alternations of temperature, long continued chill, 
mechanical or chemical irritation, indigestion, constipation, etc- 

Treatment : There are certain general principles that should gov- 
ern the treatment of all catarrhs, and that may be comprehensively 
stated here to avoid repetition under the treatments for its various 
forms. 

1. The special causes must be removed. 

2. The general health must be improved to the greatest possible 

degree. 

3. All causes of nerve depression must be avoided. 

4. Local treatment must be adapted to the amount of inflammation 

present, the degree of devitalization or destruction already experi- 
enced, and the recuperative energies of the patient. 

5. The immediate aim should be to destroy the disease germs and vital- 

ize the membrane above the point of germ-production. 

6. A membrane once devitalized, remains for a long time more 

subject to fresh attacks than is one that has remained healthy. 
Hence one catarrh may be cured, but another may soon be devel- 
oped. Therefore special care should be taken not to expose a 
recently weakened membrane to unnecessary danger, and to cure 
it as quickly as possible should another attack occur. 

Catarrh, Aural. — The irritation of the eustachian tube 
by the amoeba of nasal catarrh. Spray several times a day 
with ozonized distillation of witchhazel. (Dist. witch-hazel 
three parts, peroxide of hydrogen one part). Head vapor once 
or twice a week ; throat compress thirty minutes every day, 
followed by cold ablution of the part; knee shower twice a 
week, not on the same days as the head vapor. Build up gen- 
eral health by nutritive and hardening methods, which see. 
Open the tube several times a day by holding the nostrils and 
mouth tightly closed and blowing quickly. A snapping and 
sense of fulness in the ear will indicate success. 

Catarrh of the Bile Ducts. — A relaxed, devitalized 
condition of the mucous membrane of the bile ducts. Cause: 
Duodenal catarrh, gouty and rheumatic state of blood, calculi, 
and disease germs. 

Symptoms : Loss of appetite, coated tongue, nausea, vomiting, 
pain, constipation except when there is intestinal catarrh, then diar- 
rhoea; clay colored feces, urine dark green, tendency to jaundice, liver 
enlarged and tender, headache, vertigo and debility. 

Treatment: Bathe the region every morning with water made just 
stinging acid with nitro-muriatic acfd. Every evening a tepid com- 
press thirty to fifty minutes wet in water one-third cider vinegar. 
Colon flush daily containing one-half teaspoonful of peroxide of 
hydrogen thrown in first in a syringe of cool water, afterwards the full 
flush. Retained enema of a teaspoonful of phosphate of soda to liquify 
the bile every night. 



422 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



If these are impracticable, give chloride of ammonium five to ten 
grains every two to four hours, and fluid extract of fringe tree (collin- 
sonia) fifteen drops, two or three doses each day. Diet of vegetables 
and fruits until relieved, avoiding starchy vegetables and sweet fruits. 
Any vegetable may be considered starchy if by the working table, 
pages 133-137, it be found to contain over fifteen per cent, of starch, and 
any fruit may be deemed sweet that contains over twelve per cent, of 
sugar. These elements being given in the table at so many per 100 
grains of carbohydrates, is the same as the same per cent, of either or 
both starch and sugar. 

Catarrh of the Bladder. — See cystitis. 

Catarrh, Bronchial. — The devitalized condition of tha 
membrane of the bronchial tribes which develops the amoeba 
instead of the conferva, bacillus of tubercle, etc., which mark 
bronchitis. Symptoms : Same as chronic bronchitis, which see. 
Treatment: Make the blood so healthy that no micro-organism 
can live in it; this not practicable, then saturate the blood with harm- 
less germicides with the same object. 

Peroxide of fiydrogen one-half teaspoonful two or three limes a 
day. Distillation of pine needles one to two dessert spoonfuls every 
four hours. Omit every seventh day. Glycozone sprayed into the nos- 
trils three times a day. Daily compress on chest wet in tea of pine 
needles. The odor of turpentine constantly in the room ; may be made 
fragrant with lavender or cinnamon. Nutritive treatment average or 
strong. Nightshirt wrap wet in pine needle tea twice a week. Cold 
ablution five times a week. Water tread daily, each suited in temper- 
ature and length of application to the case so that benefit, not harm 
shall be seen very soon. 

Catarrh, Cervix.— A catarrhal condition of the large 

gland cervix uteri. Cause : Any source of irritation. 

Treatment: Remove the cause; rest; pack the vagina every other 
night with boroglyceride paste, or daily use a saturated solution with a 
fountain syringe. Blood treatment as for bronchial catarrh; hot hip 
shower twice a week followed by a rapid cold ablution of the show- 
ered parts. Avoid chills, damps, all causes of nervous depression, and 
harden the system with water treads, cold sponge baths and cool or 
cold shawl wraps according to the vigor of the patient. 

Catarrh, Duodenal. — See intestinal catarrh. 

Catarrh, Gastric. — A weak condition of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach with excessive secretion in which 
the sarcinaB ventriculi and yeast plant (criptococcus cerevisia) 
propagate in enormous quantities ; constitutes two-thirds of 
all cases of dyspepsia. 

Cause: Defective mastication, drinking at meals, especially cold 
drinks; beer, tobacco, ice cream, sugar and starch foods, alcohol, 
alkalies and other drugs ; also anything that will irritate the stomach, 
as chills and diseases of adjacent organs. Symptoms: Prostration, 
faintness, goneness, general dyspeptic symptoms, flatulence, acid 
eructations, heartburn, water brash, cold extremities, white, slimy 
tongue, sour breath, head, heart and liver trouble, craving, capricious 
appetite, fulness, usually spells of vomiting or diarrhoea. 



DISEASES AXD THEIU TREATMENT. 423 

Treatment : The sareinae must be washed out, starved out or 
destroyed. To wash out.— Insert a flexible stomach lube, three to five 
feet long, about four or five hours after the last meal, twenty to twenty- 
five inches into the fauces and stomach; hold the upper end above the 
mouth, and through a tunnel adjusted to that end, pour a solution of 
sodium or potassium carbonate, thirty grains to the pint ; or sodium 
-salicylate, one per cent. ; or resorein, two per cent. ; or thymol, one per 
cent.; or sodium silico-fluoridc one per cent., until the stomach is full; 
then the patient, leaning forward, lower the end over a receptacle and 
the contents of the stomach will run out as from a syphon. Repeat the 
charge until the return is free from mucus; repeat the washing from 
two to six times a week. The lube should be well oiled with olive oil 
or cacao butter, and the patient should attempt to swallow as the tube 
glides down. 

To starve out.— Diminish the secretion of mucus by the use of an 
emetic of lobelia leaves, one ounce to eight ounces of boiling water 
every four days, preceding each by copious draughts of bicarbonate of 
potassa water, thirty grains to the pint. After the emetic drink fieely 
<>f kaki tea one ounce to the pint, with two to four grains of capsicum 
added. Also avoid fluids at or near meal times ; all easily fermentable 
food, such as sugars, starches, beers, wines, etc., and eating when 
much worried or wearied, or until the previous meal has digested. 

To destroy Hie genus. — Peroxide of hydrogen ten to thirty drops in 
water one-half hour before meals, and papoid two to ihree grains after 
meals. The csecal flush should be crowded as far as the strength will 
bear in order to free the system from the fungoid mass that may pass 
downward devitalizing the whole intestinal tract. Blood-cleansing 
method as in bronchial catarrh; general tonic method as needed, and 
hardening method as far as can be borne. 

Catarrh, Gastric, in Children. — The same disease 
as the gastric catarrh of adults, with the special aggravations 
of generally easily fermentable food, and less vigor. 

Cause: Hand feeding, sweet and starchy diet, irregularity of 

meals, over-stimulated brain and nerves. Symptoms: Same as in 

adults, with greater irritability and other nervous symptoms, and 

more rapid physicral waste. 

Treatment: Blood and tonic treatments as far as they are appro- 
priate, as in adults. Peroxide of hydrogen and glycerine equal parts; 
fifteen drops in an ounce of water after meals. Before meals some 
mild, bitter tonic as sulphate of cinchona. Diet of milk, bovinine, 
"toast . Soon as tongue cleans, boiled fish, white of chicken, lean broiled 
mutton. Flannel bandage from armpits to groin. Hand massage 
often : as near a cold bath daily as the strength of the child will 
permit. 

Catarrh, Laryngeal. — The irritation of the fauces and 

larynx by the amoeba of nasal catarrh. Cause: The natural 
tendency of all irritations of the mucous membranes to work 
downward; sleeping with mouth open; sudden and excessive 
change of temperature after vocal exercises; irritants. 

Symptoms : Fauces red, follicles swollen, covered with mucus, 

hawking, spitting, frequent efforts to clear the throat of some clinging 

obstruction. 

Treatment : Same as for aural catarrh, except that the opening of 
the eustachian tube should be omitted provided it is clear of the 
catarrhal irritation. 



424 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Catarrh, Intestinal (including duodenal). — This is the 
sarcina of the stomach, but of smaller size, located in the duode- 
num and intestines. 

Cause: Catarrh of the stomach, cold, mechanical irritation of 
undigested food, or of the gases generated by fermentation of food,, 
degenerated intestinal secretions, mental depression. Symptoms? 
Constipation, gaseous distention, pain, loss of flesh and strength,, 
stomach usually complicated, with dyspeptic symptoms. 

Treatment: Daily full colon flush of No. 31 (in bad cases may be- 
nearly double strength), followed by retained enema of fluid extract of 
Virginia stone crop, thirty drops, or fluid extract of bay berry sixty to 
eighty drops in two ounces of water. Salol five to teii grains tliree 
times a day by the stomach. It passes through unchanged and is dis- 
solved in the duodenum by the pancreatic secretion and kills the 
germs. Diet of meat and non-starchy vegetables exclusively, or dys- 
pepsia diet, apeptic; no tea, coffee, tobacco or fermented drinks. 
Blood-making and tonic methods as far as appropriate with the diet- 
restrictions named. 

Catarrh, Acute Nasal (coryza). — Symptom*: Patient 
feels indisposed, chilly, slight headache, sneezing. May have 
pains in back and limbs, and slight fever; pulse quick, skin 
dry, mucous membrane of nose swollen. There is a thin, clear 
irritating secretion which in a day or so becomes muco-purulent. 
Eyes are "weepy," slight sore throat, sense of smell and taste 
somewhat lost. Cause: Cold and exposure, also irritating: 
fumes as of iodine or ammonia. 

Treatment: Hot colon flush, followed by foot vapor bath prefer- 
ably, or by hot foot bath. Temperature of the room should be kept 
above the point where the inspired air irritates the nasal passages^ 
Ferrum plios. every hour until relieved, or aconite six to ten drops in. 
four ounces of water. Dose one teaspoonful every hour for fever with 
small pulse. For fever with strong pulse, veratrum viride five to- 
twenty drops in water four ounces. Dose one teaspoonful every hour;; 
revulsive method mild to strong. 

Rest in bed without food until the inflammation subsides; or 
should it prove very obstinate, only a koumyss, or buttermilk, or skim- 
med milk diet. This for well-conditioned patients. The very aged 
and anaemic, and puny children, should have rapid blood-making: 
method, which see, with rest in bed, and other treatment as above- 
Warm local douches of pinus canadensis one to two teaspoonfuls to* 
the pint, two or three times a day ; warm tea of balm or hot lemonade- 
A spray of potass, iodide one dram to one ounce of rose water has been 
found useful, so has a snuff of lobelia powdered with one-tenth borax. 
Sometimes it is well to keep the whole head covered. Anoint the nose 
of nurslings with lobelia ointment. Quinine one to two grains every 
hour or two will generally abort an attack. Eupatorin (con.) one-fourth 
grain every hour in hot water until free perspiration, will break up ara 
attaek. Bryonin (con.) one-half grain every one-half hour till it 
purges, relieves burning in eyes and nose and acrid discharge. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 425 

Catarrh, Nasal, Chronic (disease-germ amoeba). — 
Symptoms: Inflammation of mucous membrane of nose and 
upper and bac*k part of throat ; tightness across forehead, clos- 
ure of nostrils, lack of appetite, may create a diathesis marked 
by debility, lassitude, pasty skin, pains in limbs, mueo-purulent 
discharges, etc. Contagious and infectious. 

Cause: Repeated attacks of acute catarrh, or an acute attack pro- 
longed by neglect and bad conditions; exposure to cold and damp 
after being closely confined in hot and badly ventilated rooms ; inclines, 
to descend to lungs, when pulmonary disease may follow. 

Dr. T. V. Gifford contends that all chronic nasal catarrhs are mainly 
caused by the urea which should be eliminated through the kidneys, 
remaining too long in the system, and being expelled by the lungs, 
their exhalations poison the membranes wherever they touch. 

Treatment: Cleanse the blood of excessive waste by exeernent 
method average or strong. Restore the functions of the kidneys. If 
the exeernent should fail to do this, add exeernent method very strong 
for kidneys. Locally, glycozone sprayed upon the membranes several 
times a day. When the discharge is rapidly oxidized, hard scabs are 
formed. Cleanse well two or three times a day with a solution of bicar- 
bonate of soda one to ten grains to the ounce of warm water, then 
syringe with one ounce each of 11. ext. of eucalyptus and listerine, 
two ounces of glycerine, and twelve ounces of soft water; or pin us 
canadensis one ounce, glycerine half an ounce, soft water ten ounces; 
or apply oil eucalyptus one part and petrolatum sixteen parts; or for 
cleansing, use a warm spray of soda bicarbonate and soda biborate, of 
each half an ounce, glycerine two ounces, listerine one ounce and 
water five ounces, and follow with a snuff of aristol, pulverized boric 
acid, and subnitrate of bismuth of each nine grams, pulv. elm bark 
one and one-half ounces; or, in advanced cases, a spray of flu. ext. 
hydrastis and oil of eucalyptus of each one dram; or, Lloyd's hydrastis 
and listerine of each one dram and water two ounces, in very severe 
cases a spray of balsam of copaiva one dram, sulphuric ether one-half 
dram, carbolic acid two drams may occasionally be required. The 
cleansing solution should never produce i^ain beyond a few seconds. 

It is often necessary to change from one preparation to another to 
find the one best adapted to the case, hence ot hers that have proved 
efficacious are appended: — Soda bicarbonate and soda biborate each 
one dram, carbolic acid one scruple, glycerine and rose water each one 
ounce, water one pint ; use as a spray. 

Wash. Table salt five to twelve grains to the ounce of tepid water. 
Begin with the least ; or potassa bicarbonate one to eight grains to the- 
ounce. Nostrils sensitive and discharge profuse — use snuff of borax 
three (bams, cypiipedium and hamamelis, each one dram. Omit the 
haniamelis it* discharge becomes too dry. 

Another: Borax nine parts, lobelia'one part, for cases that require 
relaxation. Pure lanoline used as an ointment is excellent in some 
cases. 

For strumous or cachectic cases, and for youths who inherit phth- 
isis or have overgrown their strength calcium lacto phosphate. For 
cases with suppuration calcium sulphide. For fetid discharges, eucal- 
yptol one to five grains every two to four hours; or menthol one grain 
or more as needed; or thymol one to two grains as needed. 

For Catarrh of Xo.se and Throat. — Vaseline spray. White fluid vase- 
line one ounce, eucalyptol or menthol one-half drachm, oil sandal 
wood pure one-half dram ; use warm morning and night in a sprayer. 
Gargle throat with cold salt water and eject through nose by putting 
tip of tongue against upper front teeth and tipping head forward 
quickly. 



4r2t) THE SECRET OE HEALTH. 

Catarrh of the Prostate Gland Cause: Debil- 
ity, relaxation, the sequel of gonorrhea, masturbation, sexual 
perversion or excess. 

Symptoms: Seminal weakness, discharge of a ropy viscid fluid 

from the urethra after urination or stool, and sometimes during the 

day with nocturnal involuntary losses of spermatic fluid. May involve 

the sphincter muscle of the bladder and cause stoppage in the act of 

urinating, dribbling after with more or less pain. 

Treatment: Absolute avoidance of sexual excitement; keep blood 
free from the lactic acid of rheumatism and the lithiate of soda of 
gout; no horseback or bicycle riding or any other mechanical irrita- 
tion of ihe perineum. Blood, hardening, revulsive and tonic methods 
as far as they can be applied to the case, and fluid extract of black 
willow thirty drops in water three times a day ; or, if there be atrophy 
of the gland, sixty to ninety drops of fluid extract of saw palmetto 
three times a day in water. Diet, anti-rheumatic. 

Catarrh of the Rectum. — Catarrhal irritation of the 

membrane of the rectum, with a great variety of disease germs 

and their ptomaines ; very common and dangerous because the 

germs and their ptomaines so easily enter the blood. 

Cause: — Torpid liver, alcoholic drinks, malaria, sedentary habits, 
some drugs, cold, damp, tight lacing, pregnancy. Symptoms: Diarrhoea 
or dysentery or constipation With itching, heat, burning, soreness — 
muco-purulent discharges, rectum relaxed, blood and nerve derange- 
ment proportioned to the extent of the absorption of the poison. 

Treatment : Remove the cause if possible. A rectal retained 
enema of distillation of hamamelis G ozs, fluid extract of hydrastis 
'2 ozs, tincture of calendula 2 ozs, a tablespoonful in three or four of 
thin starch water, three times a day ; or, fluid extracts of butternut, 
Virginia stone crop and stone root equal parts, a teaspoonful to one- 
half cnp of slippery elm water three times a day. And three times a 
week 20 drops of oil eucalyptus 2 drams, phenol sodique 4 drams, and 
glycerine 3 drams in thin starch water. If there be intestinal catarrh, 
treat that; if not, the general regimen suitable for all catarrhal 
conditions. 

Catarrh, Uterine (endometritis). — Catarrhal irritation 
cf the lining membrane of the uterns. Acute: Cause: Ovarian 
disease, abortions, instrumental irritation, retention of placenta, 
bromides, aloes, savin and some other drugs, sudden suppres- 
sion, masturbation, torpid liver, tight lacing, gout, rheumatism, 
marriage incompatability. 

Symptoms : Fever, high temperature, rapid pulse and respira- 
tions, general irritation, sallow complexion, loss of appetite, headache. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 427 

pain in The loins and lower part of the abdomen, sacrum, groin and 

inside of the thighs; a sense of great heat and tidiness about the 

pelvis, and bearing-down; bladder very irritable; desire to pass water 

every few minutes, which is loaded with uric acid; diarrhoea and 

tenesmus, and subsequently constipation; tenderness on pressure 

over ovaries and uterus; alter a day or two, thick, ropy, tenacious 

discharge, which, alter a while, becomes muco-purulent, tinged with 

blood, and imparts a greenish-yellow or greenish-red stain to clothing; 

often attended by piles. 

Treatment: Rest in bed; foot vapor bath followed by sponging 
the limbs with cool or cold water every two to four hours in bed; 
shawl wrap the second day, wet in tepid or warm hay tea; cieeal 
flush, No. 7, daily. Excernent method, mild to strong according to 
violence of symptoms; nutritive mild, revulsive method mild to 
strong as needed. When acute stage has passed, give tonic method 
average or strong, with nightly retained enema of a tea, two drams 
to the pint of aletris farinosa (unicorn root, ague root,) or the fl. 
extract, ten to thirty drops in starch water. 

Chronic: Symptoms: Headache, languor, lassitude, debility, great 
mental depression, obstinate dyspepsia, flatulence and constipation ; 
sense of weariness, if not pain, about loins, sacrum, groin, inside of 
the thighs, and bearing-down; thick, ropy, tenacious, very abundant, 
glairy dike white of egg) discharge; discharge most abundant in the 
morning accumulating in uterus over night, or after lying down 
awhile; as debility increases, hysteria, convulsive affections, nausea, 
vomiting, tympanitis, tenderness of breasts, and menorrhagia if the 
lining covering the fundus is involved. 

Treatment: General regimen as for other catarrhal conditions. 
Insert into the uterine cavity once a week for three weeks, a soluble 
gelatinized bougie of papoid; repeat for two more months if there is a 
vestige of the disease remaining; bowels kept open with sigmoid or 
esecal flush; retained enema every other night of the aletris as in 
acute cases, and on each intervening day thirty drops of the fluid 
extract of black willow in water by the stomach. Diet nutritive, 
average or strong. 

Catarrh, Vaginal (leucorrhea). — Catarrhal irritation 

of this cavity is extremely frequent and attended with the 

deleterious effects of various disease germs, the amoeba, 

sarcina and different streptococcus. 

Cause: Much the same as catarrh uterine. Symptoms: Discharge 

of a mucus or muco-purulent character, with constitutional symptoms 

proportioned to its virulence. 

Treatment: Diet and general regimen, a* in other catarrhal states. 
Three tablets three to six times a day as follows, viz. : If discharge be 
milk-white, non-irritating mucus kali mur; if scalding and acrid, kali 
phos.; if yellow greenish, shiny or watery, kali sulph.; if watery, 



428 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



scalding, greenish after walking, with headache, colic, and bearing- 
down, natrum mtir; if cieamy or honey-colored, or acid and watery* 
natrum phos.; if in an over sensitive, imperfectly nourished condi- 
tion, silicea; as a constitutional ionic, once a day with the chief 
remedy, calcaria phos.; vaginal injections of one to two pints of hot. 
water twice a day, with a syringe having a stem so constructed that 
its use will open all the interior folds of the passage; or, the hot water 
once a day, and once a day a bactericide solution of boroglyceride (satu- 
rated), or resorcin one per cent., or iodine tincture thirty" drops to the 
pint, or napthaline thirty grains to the pint, or permanuganate of pot- 
ash five grains to the quart. Many times a simple tonic or astringent 
solution will suffice. White pinus canadensis, or red gum fl. extract, 
or sumach fl. extract, or hydrastis fl. extract, or witch-hazel 11. extract, 
one to two teaspoonfnls to the pint or quart; or oak bark one-half oz 
to the quart; or tannin one dram to the quart; or a strong tea of rasp- 
berry, witch-hazel or white pond lily; the thermo-gaivanic battery. 
For fat, flabby patients, hydrastine (alk.) one-sixth to one-half grain, 
one to three times daily. For relaxed, anemic, sterile patients, san- 
guiuarine (alk.) one-eighth to one-twelfth grain every two to four 
hours. 

Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. — Inflammation of mem- 
brane covering brain and spinal cord. Epidemic and slightly 
contagions, often fatal. Cause: Supposed to be a germ, not yet 
isolated. 

Symptoms : Fever, chill followed in children by convulsions, 
stupidity or delirium, vomiting, headache, pain in neck and spine so 
severe that It often produces an arched position of the body (opistho- 
tonos) also in pit of stomach great weakness, and sometimes delusions. 
During first and second weeks, skin exhibits purplish spots which are 
distributed all over body. When symptoms are slowly developed the 
disease is likely to be mild. 

Treatment: Revulsive method, according to the severity of the 
attack and blood-making as needed, with natrum sulph. every one to 
two hours; or, veratrum viride five 1o twenty drops in four ozs. of 
water, a teaspoonful every hour. Absolute quiet, and treat attending 
symptoms as they occur. For sleeplessness, warm baths and dry sheet 
without rubbing. Tonic method, average to strong after acute symp- 
toms subside. 

Chafing* of Young* Children. — Treatment: Sub- 
nitrate of bismuth, one dram ; pulverized gum acacise, seven 
drams ; mix, and apply dry, after washing the parts with 
castile soap, or anoint with lanoline. 

Chicken Pox (varicella). — Symptoms: Fever followed 
by rose-red spots on second day scattered irregularly over body, 
usually over back first, elevated above skin and rapidly change 
from pimples to minute blisters filled with watery fluid. 
Every day a fresh crop of spots appear, converted in time to 
blebs of milky appearance, with great irritation. These fall off 
entire as crusts ; last about two weeks, and often leave child 
debilitated. Treatment: Colon flush, or a gentle cathartic if 



DISEASES AND THEIK TREATMENT. 429 

needed. Treat fever with cooling method mild to strong, or 
ferrum phos., or aconite. Diet light and easily digested. 

Chilblains. — Sub-acute inflammatory swelling caused 
by cold and rapid restoration of the circulation by external 
heat instead of gradually from within. It is a sort of chronic 
burn. 

Treatment : Avoid mechanical irritation, cold and damp; revul- 
sive treatment three times a day proportioned to the severity of the 
case; also apply locally two or three times a day, zinc sulphate thirty 
grains, tannic acid thirty grains, rose ointment one dram; or, tannic 
acid two parts, alcohol five parts, collodion twenty parts, tincture 
benzoin two parts. Apply with brush. If itching is troublesome 
apply ichthyol and spirits of turpentine equal parts. Camphorated 
oil is sometimes beneficial. 

Chloasma. — See skin diseases. 

Chlorosis (green sickness). — A form of anaemia in the 
young of both sexes, occuring about puberty, and consisting in 
excess of blood serum, and red corpurcles dwarfed and dimin- 
ished in number ; nervous bankruptcy. Causes : Deleterious 
trades, indoor life, solitude, masturbation, undue precocity. 
Symptoms : Wax-like face, yellow pallor of skin, poor appetite, 
fetor of breath, coated tongue, dry skin, constipation, abundant 
urine, weak, quick pulse, hysteria. Treatment: Same as 
anaemia. 

Cholera (Asiatic). — Cause: The evolution of the 
microbe comma-bacillus in the intestines which excretes a 
deadly tetanizing ptomaine, much like the alkaloid strychnine. 
It is a filth disease born amid the sensualities and unhygienic 
customs of oriental life, and propagated by the specific germ 
gaining access to the stomach and bowels of those who are 
already predisposed to it by a bad physical condition. Healthy 
gastric juice instantly destroys it. It cannot be induced by 
inoculation or contact. 

Treatment: 1. Preventive.— Dwellings, outhouses and surround- 
ings must be kept clean and disinfected, decaying organic matters 
burned, drinking and cooking water boiled; daily bath and movement 
of bowels; flannel clothing changed night and morning and well aired 
and sunned; good ventilation, proper food, no excesses; a clear con- 
science and trust in God. 



430 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



First Case: Keep calm and use the right means and it will prob- 
ably be the only case. First Stage: Premonitory, sometimes absent 
in severe cases. Symptoms: Irritability, languor, sleepiness, con- 
fusion, paleness, nausea, diarrhoea. Prepare the following disinfect- 
ants, namely : 

No. 1. Five pounds of copperas and three ounces of strong: 
sulphuric acid in four gallons ot water. Stir with a stick. 

No. 2. One ounce of strong sulphuric acid, to one gallon of water. 

No. 3. Sulphuric acid half ounce to a gallon of water. 

No. 4. Strong cider vinegar. 

From the very beginning mix all diarrhoea discharges and all 
vomit with one-fourth their bulk of No. 1, and pour into a distant hole,, 
or into the sewer drain. Wash all soiled clothing in No. 2. Keep two» 
bowls of No. 3 in the room, one for bathing the hands of nurses and 
the other the body of patient. No. 4 maybe used until No. 3 can be 
procured. Remember that the ptomaines cause so much irritation in. 
the intestines as to prevent reaction, and end in collapse, therefore- 
two definite things must be arrived at, namely: (1) Neutralize or 
expel the ptomaines and sterilize or kill the germs; this is accom- 
plished by one or two full, hot caecal flushes of strong coffee, two to 
four quarts, through a flexible pipe inserted into the sigmoid flexure, 
i. e. eight to twelve inches long, and after the colon is emptied inject, a 
gallon of warm water containing four per cent, of peroxide of hydro- 
gen (5| ozs to the gallon of boiled water). Repeat if necessary. Also, 
give by stomach 2 ozs in 8 ozs of boiled water, a cupful every two hours.. 
If the 'peroxide of hydrogen is not at hand, give the coffee injection,, 
and by stomach one-half teaspoonful of dilute sulphuric acid in plenty 
of water every ten to twenty minutes. (2) Promote reaction. As soon 
as the injections have cleansed the bowels, wrap in two sheets wrung: 
out of hot water, with an extra cloth dipped in hot vinegar, all over 
the abdomen, and cover with a feather bed; rewet the sheets in thirty 
minutes, and keep in until the cramps cease, then give one-half cup of 
hot milk. Repeat the w T et sheets one hour a day until well, but gradu- 
ally cooler. 

Second Stage: Profuse, odorless, serum-like diarrhoea with white* 
flakes, called rice-water discharges, watery vomiting, cramps, intense 
thirst, sunken abdomen cheeks and eyes, nose pointed and cold, voice- 
whispering, hands pale, dry, wrinkled, icy, nails blue, extremities cov- 
ered with dark patches, icy, pulse imperceptible, temperature sinks- 
even to 12° below normal." The blood thickens by loss of its serum,, 
and there is total absence of urine. 

If this treatment in the preparatory stage has failed, repeat it with 
the sheets wet in strong red pepper or capsicum water, blister from 
behind each ear to the angle of the jaw to cause inhibition of the 
sympathet ic nerve, and in place of the peroxide of hydrogen or carbolic 
acid, give salol, five to fifteen grains every hour, diminishing as rapidly 
as improvement goes on. If this is not at hand, give equal parts of 
tinctures of lobelia, capsicum and American valerian (lady's slipper) a 
teaspoonful every fifteen to thirty minutes, until temperature, pulse 
and respiration become normal, then give tablespoonful doses every 
thirty to forty-five minutes of table salt one tablespoonful, blaek pep- 
per one teaspoonful, cider vinegar one-third tumblerful, water two- 
thirds tumblerful. 

Third Stage: Skin cold, clammy, bluish, pulse and voice gone, 
intense thirst, breathing shallow and difficult, breath icy. Add to the 
blisters behind the ears, mustard paste from the roots of the hair down 
to between the shoulders; keep up the packs and the administration 
of the tinctures, and add every hour a mixture of tinct. of capsicum 
one-half ounce, oil of cajeput twelve drops, tinct. of camphor one 
dram, chloroform twenty drops and ether one-half ounce. Shake. 
Dose one-half to one teaspoonful; or, give atropine, hypodermati- 
cally one-two-hundredths to one-sixtieth of a grain. The administra- 
tion of oxygen has sometimes cured when all other means have failed. 

Patient must keep his bed for a day or more after the last symptom 
disappears, and diet in convalescence should be hot milk, liquid beef 
foods, kumyss, semi-liquid diets, and return with great caution to 
ordinary food. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 431 

Cholera Infantum. — Symptoms : Frequent stools, vom- 
iting, elevation of temperature, rapid emaciation and loss of 
strength. Usually under two years. May begin abruptly or 
be preceded by diarrhoea. Stools are watery and like chopped 
spinach after the first few ; have musty odor. Stomach is very 
irritable rejecting all drinks, abdomen swollen. Appetite lost 
and thirst intense, pulse accelerated, urine scanty and high 
colored, skin lies in folds. If eyes become sunken and hollow 
and mouth remains partly open from feeble contractile power, 
death is pretty certain to result. 

Cause : Neglect or ill treatment of simple diarrhoea, indiscretion in 
diet, or digestive disturbance of the mother; sudden changes arresting: 
perspiration. A temperature of ninety or over favors its occurrence 
and increases its fatality. May be caused by retrocession of rash, also 
the germs of decaying organic matter in the atmosphere. 

Treatment: Preventive: Pure air, proper diet at regular intervals. 
if bottle fed, a clean bottle at every meal, absolute cleanliness in per- 
son and surroundings. Give cool water before each nursing. If fresh 
cow's milk is used, have as many bottles as the child takes meals in 
twelve hours, each holding just one meal. Strain while warm directly 
into the bottles; cork and put in a cool place; shake, warm, dilute and 
sweeten as necessary and give through a plain nipple without any 
tube. Precautions: Select the coolest place in the hottest part of the 
day ; wear light clothing with woolen belly bandage; give one or more 
cooling baths each day; give freely, but a little at a time, water that 
lias been boiled and kept in bottles on ice ; protect from draughts at 
night. 

Curative: Must have three objects— (1), to restore the blood to llie 
surface; (2), stop the vomiting; (3), regulate and tone the bowels. But 
as every case has fermentive matter, undigested matter and septic 
matter in which the germs of the disease propagate, it is necessary to 
expel them all. Give neutralizing cordial one to two teaspoonfuls 
every hour, until the bowels move freely from it, then follow if neces- 
sary with listerine, elixir of lacto peptine and cinnamon Avater equal 
parts ; a teaspooniul every one, two, or three hours. This failing, give 
a hot bath five to ten minutes and wrap in warm, dry flannels, but not 
to cause free perspiration. 2. Tinct. of ipecac five to ten drops in four 
ounces water. One teaspoonful every twenty to sixty minutes. 3. If 
with green discharges, a dessert spoonful of a two per cent, solution of 
lactic acid after each nursing; not green, hot bath of dilute alcohol, 
and then warm mattress in the open air. Ointment of dilute alcohol, 
quinine and lard to be rubbed in the armpits and over the body every 
two hours; colon flush as warm as can be borne, given through soft 
rubber catheter eight to twelve inches long, one-half to a gallon at a 
time, allowing it to return as injected; then a retained enema, tepid 
water one pint, sub. nit. bismuth four drams, boracic acid one dram 
and listerine two drams. If necessary compress rectum to prevent 
return . 

This failing withdraw all milk, and feed bovinine or essence of beef 
or mutton broth well salted, given cold if preferred. For pain, listerine 
and paregoric each two drams; simple syrup twelve drams; teaspoon- 
ful every two to four hours. If the fermentation is putrid give carbo- 
hydrate diet exclusively; if acid, give albumens only. Stimulants and 
antiseptics must be continued. Both are combined in listerine and 
brandy equal parts. Dose twelve to thirty drops every two to six 
hours. 



432 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



If stools are lumpy and offensive, give full injection of hot water 
with a grain of bicarbonate of soda to the ounce, or castor oil and pure 
glycerine each one ounce, cinnamon water one-half ounce with enough 
bicarbonate of soda or potash, to emulsify: A teaspoonful every one 
or two hours. Keep warm applications to extremities. If stools be 
watery and but little tenderness to abdomen give enemas of dark 
pinus canadensis one teaspoonful to the one-half pint. Keep down 
fever with tepid spongings. If discharges are bloody, euphorbia 
hyperi. fl. ext. in five drop doses every two hours. If possible give 
oxygen twice a day by means of a paper funnel over the mduth and 
nose. If necessary retained enema, listerine one dram and starch 
water two ounces. Should there still be un expelled fermented matter, 
give every one to three hours, the following: Dilute alcohol three 
drops, listerine twenty drops, hot castor oil one teaspoonful; or one 
teaspoonful of hot castor oil with one-four Mi drop of carbolic acid in 
fifteen drops listerine every two hours until it operates; follow with 
listerine, glycerine, simple syrup, cinnamon water each one ounce; 
mix. Dose, teaspoonful every one, two or three hours. Or, glycerine 
five ounces, borax one ounce; twenty drops everyone to three hours; 
or, tinct. of nux vom. one or two drops in two ounces of water; a tea- 
spoonful every one to three hours; or tinct. belladonna, three to five 
drops in four ounces of water; a teaspoonful every two to four hours. 
The elm mucilage colon flush as for diarrhoea and dysentery is spec- 
ially recommended. 

Cholera Morbus. — Symptoms: Extreme nervous pros- 
tration, cold skin, feeble pulse, cold breath, interrupted respi- 
ration, cadaverous face, blue extremities, nausea, vomiting, diar- 
rhoea, cramp and cholera germ in stools. Cause : Depression 
of great sympathetic, eighth pair of nerves and brain. 

Treatment: Emetic of equal parts of lobelia and capsicum 
repeated until vomiting is very thorough. Bowel injections of the 
same. Heat to abdomen, feet and limbs. If procurable, comp. oxygen 
fully and repeated until perfect quiet is secured. Call physician if 
necessary. 

Electrical — positive pole between shoulders; negative over stom- 
ach and bowels twenty to thirty minutes. Repeat as necessary. If 
ease is severe, treat as for cholera. 

Cliordee. — An erect and rigid condition of the penis, 
during which it is curved in the form of a bow or arch ; exceed- 
ingly painful ; a complication of gonorrhea. 

Treatment : Rectal retained enema of lobelia, repeated often 
enough to relax the system. Hot colon flush, No. 41, at bedtime, hard 
mattress, cool bedroom, avoidance of sexual thoughts. Hot genital 
baths of lobelia water; or, if necessary, camphor water four ounces, 
bromide of potassa one-half ounce, nitrate potassa two drams, tincture 
gelsemium one ounce. Dose one teaspoonful in water afternoon, after 
supper and at bedtime. 

Chorea (St. Vitus dance). — Symptoms: Irregular invol- 
untary contractions of more or less of the voluntary muscles. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 433 

Cause: Anything that so shocks the nerves as to cause want of 
"harmony between gray and white matter of the spinal cord, such as 
over education, passion, blood diseases, skin diseases, etc. Treatment: 
Complete change of habits and occupation, fresh air, abundant exer- 
cise, daily stimulants each side spinal cord, free and persistent use of 
oxygen to enable system to appropriate foods; nutritive diet, average 
to strong; massage if practicable. A tincture of the green (or recently 
dried) root of gelsemium five drops every four hours, diminished to 
one drop at a dose, is regarded by some as a specific. The thermo- 
galvanic battery. 

Cliyluria. — The urine loaded with chyle. Syrup of 
iodide of iron fifteen to forty drops an hour before meals has 
"been successful. 

Climacteric Disorders. — Those which precede the 
last monthly sickness and end with the re-establishment of 
health on a basis somewhat similar to that previous to puberty. 
Three million women in the United States are constantly pass- 
ing through them, called "change of life," "turn of life," 
" critical period," etc. Usually thirty-two years after puberty, 
at the age of forty-five or forty-six. 

Cause: The periodicity of nature causing a failure of the repro- 
ductive center in the brain; hence lack of nerve stimulus to the ova- 
ries, which wither, causing structural changes in all the related organs. 

Symptoms : Nervous debility, flushes of heat, perspiration, leucor- 
rhea, hemorrhage, headache, drowsiness, giddiness, hypochondriasis, 
melancholia, hysteria, epilepsy, apathy, peevishness, neuralgia — may 
be apoplexy and paralysis. More or less of these in connection with 
gradual diminution of the menses after forty and a gradual extension 
of the intervening time, especially .if the skin loses its softness and 
elasticity, may be considered decisive. 

Treatment: Preparatory: special hygienic course to free the system 
from existing ailments. Alterative (Xo. 5) and tonic (Xo. 3) methods 
suited to the case. 

Nutritive method (No. 2) mild or average with abundance of ripe 
fruits: flannel clothing next the skin; alcohol vapor bath twice a 
week: warm alkaline bath on all other days; all the open air exercise 
that can be taken without fatigue: well ventilated rooms : abundance 
of sleep, change of scenerv. and recreations that rest, not irritate. 

For the nervous debility, if caused by excess of blood: Fast, and 
take coid sponge baths. If by too little, more nutritive, even rapid 
blood-making method (Xo. 1^ and rest. 

K °*i ] l? at_flusn es : Avoid emotions and external heats. Cooling 
method (No. 12, mild. Macrotin (con.) one to two and one-half grains 
three times a day. 

Sweats (passive permeabilitv of skin from loss of nerve-power): 
Tonic method (Xo. 3) average or strong. Aromatic sulphuric acid ten 
to thirty drops and quinine one to three grains three times a day. 

28 



434 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

For leucorrhea: Vaginal injections three times daily of tea of 
white pond lily, witch-hazel or strawberry leaves. 

For hemorrhages : Unless excessive, should not be entirely 
checked, except in the anaemic. If vaginal, local vinegar pledgets 
changed every three hours, head low, feet elevated. Tinct. of ipecac 
one to three drops alternated with distillation of witch-hazel five to 
ten drops ; a dose every ten to twenty minutes. 

For headache, see headache. For sleeplessness, see sleeplessness. 
For giddiness, see giddiness. For neuralgia, see neuralgia. For flat- 
ulence and fluttering in epigastrium : Cajeput oil, five to twenty drops 
three times a day. For hysteria, zinc valerianate one grain three 
times a day. For muscular debility, brucine (alk.) one-sixty-seventh to- 
one-twelfth grain, or berberine (alk.) one-sixth to three grains before 
meals. 

Coccyodynia (painful coccyx). — Cause: Blow, injury 

during childbirth, or sitting on hard, cold seats. Treatment: 

When caused by a blow or strain, treat as for contusion or 

strain. When caused by cold, give revulsive method as needed. 

Colds. — A vapor bath of hemlock leaves, with rest in 

bed, fasting a whole day and night will cure nearly all cases 

within forty-eight hours. Free inhalations of comp. oxygen 

immediately after the cold is contracted is usually effective. 

Diaphoretic treatment strong is a certain cure if taken in time. 

Ferrum phos. every hour or two aborts a cold in a few hours if 

used as soon as the cold is felt. 

In Head : Put a pint of vinegar into an old teapot on an oil stove, 
and add a teaspoonf ul of spirits of camphor, and replenish as it evapo- 
rates. Inhale the steam until the head is clear. Or, sodium salicylate 
and syrup of orange peel each one-half ounce, peppermint water four 
ounces. Dose a dessert spoonful every three hours until the ears ring. 

In Throat : Treat as for cold in head. Also compress on throat, 

and if it continues steep a dram of bloodroot in half a pint of good 

cider vinegar sweetened into a syrup; a teaspoonf ul frequently. 

Cold in Head, Acute Rhinitis (child) : "Warm bath ten to twenty min- 
utes. If nostrils are irritated, cosmolene warmed and sprayed up the 
nose; nostrils dry and filled, apply frequently a warm, weak solution 
of baking soda and follow with cosmolene; "snuffles" (nasal catarrh), 
cosmolene spray, following an alkaline solution, or listerine reduced 
with from four to seven parts of soft warm water ; body pack daily 
until cured. 

Colic. — Cramp or spasm of the bowels. Numerous varie- 
ties, some due to indigestion, flatulence, worms ; others to acrid 
states of the bile, with nausea, vomiting, yellow skin ; others 
to gout or rheumatism ; to obstruction ; to neuralgia. 

Treatment : Cover patient warmly in bed, then give a pint of 
water as hot as can be taken; place patient on left side with hip& 
raised and give copious injections of warm water with one-half cup 
of molasses in each; hot fomentations of hops to abdomen. These 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 435 

failing, give dose after dose of lobelia in warm soda water, then hot 
drinks, and add lobelia enemas if necessary. 

Colic, Bilious: Full caeca! flush, large quantities of hot water drank, 
COlocynth and podophyllin in alternation every thirty minutes. If 
with lever, full pack, or frequent spongings under bed clothing. 

Colic, Obstruct ire: Place patient in knee-chest position, or lying 
With hips elevated as high as possible, and give an injection of a pint 
or more of warm sweet oil ; retain as long as possible. 

Colic, Pictonum (lead colic) : Emetics and injections of lobelia and 
opium if necessary to relieve the pain, if warm body packs, or hot 
fomentations of hops fail. 

In enema treatment, use hot annis seed, peppermint, spearmint, 
caraway, fennel, or catnip tea as the fluid instead of hot water. Or 
put a dessert spoonful of table salt into the hot water 

Colitis (inflammation of mncons membrane of colon V— 
See dysentery. 

Colitis, Chronic. — See chronic dysentery. 

Coma. — Lethargy or sleep deeper than stupor. Cause i 
Fracture of skull, effusion, softening with paralysis, microbes, 
gases, acro-narcotics, urea. 

Treatment : Remove the cause. Rouse the vital force by rubbing, 
electricity, oxygen, injections of glycerine and peroxide of hydrogen, 
or of two to four grains of capsicum in elm or starch water. In uremic 
coma give long continued inhalations of oxygen. 

Condyloma (a hard tumor about the anus or pudenda). 
— Thuja thirty drops internally in water three times a day 
and apply locally thuja and sweet oil. 

Congestions. — Revulsive method according to locality 
and severity. 

Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva). — - 
Hot water fomentations to back of neck, and two drams of 
boric acid to a pint of warm water used freely on the eyes ; or, 
Lloyd's Hydrastis four drams, Lloyd's belladonna twenty drops, 
boiled water three and one-half ounces applied on absorbent 
cotton. General revulsive method. 

Consumption, Pulmonary (pulmonary tuberculosis, 
phthisis). — Nature : Digestion having prepared the elements of 
food, they are poured into the blood and there raised by vital- 
ity to the condition of cell growth suitable to supply the wastes 
of the tissues. If the vitality be deficient, the food elements, 
too little vitalized to make animal tissue, yet vitalized too 
much to perish, produce specific vegetable parasites, the 
bacilli-tuberculosis. These germs proceed to consume all the 



436 THE SECRET OE HEALTH. 

vital elements of animal life for their own nutrition; and 
secrete a " cadaveric alkaloid," the poisonous effects of which 
are seen in fever, hectic, night sweats, etc. Some weakened 
patch having offered opportunity for the transudation of some 
of the bacilli from the blood into a lymph space or air cell, 
there they nest and the epithelial cells harden about them. If 
vitality be sufficient, these germs may be encysted (cased in) 
with walls of nbrillated network and thus be made harmless. 

Failing in this, the bacilli or germs multiply with 
enormous rapidity and their poisonous ptomaines or excretions 
kill the tissue in immediate contact with them and inflame 
that which lies just beyond, thus producing consolidation. By 
chemical action, this dead tissue becomes pus, and the 
inflamed tissue soon degenerates into the same product. 
Nature now makes an effort by expectoration to clear the sys- 
tem of the rottenness. If successful, she may then heal the 
cavity by a scar ; if unsuccessful, the cavity remains a pool of 
purulent matter. This matter may be absorbed into the cir- 
culation and cause blood poisoning. The imprisoned pus con- 
stantly eats away the w^alls of its cavity, thus enlarging its 
area. Sometimes cavities work by extension into each other ; 
these processes waste the serum of the blood to the point where 
the lymph canals and pink morrow fail to produce it in 
normal condition. Nutrition becomes less and less able to 
supply material for the repair of these destructive wastes, and 
hence emaciation and decline go steadily on. 

Causes of Consumption: (1) The direct transmission of 
its predisposing causes from a diseased parent. (2^ The pro- 
duction of its predisposing causes by incompatibility of tem- 
perament of parents; (3) their production by the union of 
physiologically adverse peoples, as Indians and whites; (4) 
their production by waste of vitality ; (5) their production by 
unfavorable physical conditions ; (6) contraction by infection, 
or (7) contraction by contagion. The statistics of this disease 
justify the following average statement : In the whole world 
one is destined to die with it out of every family of seven ; and 
of every family of four, three will be smitten with a predisposi- 
tion to it, and one must die from some form of tubercle. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 437 

Symptoms; first stage.— Breathing hurried on exertion, inspira- 
tion harsh, expiration prolonged; cough dry, hacking in the morning; 
expectoration not relieved by ordinary remedies; wanting at first, 
then colorless, frothy, glairy or sticky mucus; spirometer measure 
about one-third less than normal, i. e. the capacity of the lungs is 
reduced to that extent. 

Weight slightly diminished; appetite and digestion somewhat 
impaired; aversion to fats; pulsations slightly accelerated; extremi- 
ties cold; palpitation upon slight exertion ; constipated; urine dimin- 
ished; irregularity or suppression ; skin sluggish, clogged and pallid. 

Second Stage.— Breathing more hurried on exertion, cough some- 
what wearing; expectoration yellow and more or less watery; some- 
times mucous. Spirometer measure about three-sevenths less than 
normal. 

Weight decreasing; appetite poor or variable; digestion slow and 
imperfect; strong dyspeptic symptoms; pulsation still more rapid, 
with a marked difference between night and morning; cheeks flushed 
when fever is on; chills, not malarial; bowels constipated, sometimes 
alternating with diarrhoea; urine diminished and frequently turbid; 
night sweats ; suppression. 

Third Stage. — Breathing rapid and abdominal, foetid; cough 
severe and exhausting; expectoration thick and if with little mucous, 
sinks in water; is sometimes pellet, or coin shaped, yellow and puru- 
lent; sometimes green and offensive; later copious and sticky; ina- 
bility to retain a forced inspiration ; spirometer measure about seven- 
twelfths less than normal; emaciation; frequent vomiting from the 
cough; appetite very poor; pulsations one-hundred to one-hundred- 
sixty per minute and very weak; regular afternoon increase, and 
later preceeded by dumb chill; hectic glow; diarrhoea: night sweats; 
kidneys variable; usually complete suppression. 

Treatment must be carried on with two cardinal principles 
in view : Xutrition must be restored, and respiration must be 
ample to oxidize the nutrient material or food consumed. 
Nature requires an average food consumption of sixty ounces 
every twenty-four hours for an average weight of one hundred 
and forty-eight pounds. The oxidation of that food impera- 
tively demands the intake of the tidal air of two hundred and 
twenty-two cubic inches of lung capacity, eighteen times every 
minute, in order to work that food into its ultimate excre- 
mentitious products. 



438 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Statistics show the respiratory capacity of consumptives in differ- 
ent stages of disease to be as in the following table : 



Capacity in Health. 



Capacity in Consumption. 



Height. 


Cubic inches. 
174 


First stage. 
117 


Second stage. I Third stage . 


5 feet 1 inch 


99 


82 


5 " 2 .«• 


182 


122 


102 


86 


5 " 3 " 


190 


127 


108 


89 


5 " 4 " 


190 


133 


113 


93 


5 " 5 " 


206 


138 


117 


97 


5 " 6 " 


214 


143 


122 


100 


5 " 7 " 


222 


149 


127 


104 


5 " 8 " 


230 


154 


131 


108 


5 " 9|" 


238 


159 


136 


112 


5 " 10 «.« 


24G 


165 


140 


116 


5 " 11 ki 


254 


170 


145 


119 


6 " 


262 


176 


149 


126 



This demonstrates the absolute incapacity of the consumptive to 
make use of the normal quantity of food, even if it could be consumed. 

The Diet in Consumption is therefore of the utmost import- 
ance, and thousands upon thousands every year forfeit their 
lives because of ignorance of the essentials of a helpful dietary. 
One set of doctors make appetite the only umpire, "eat 
when and what you crave," forgetful that the appetite is as 
much diseased as the lung. Another class stuff with enor- 
mous quantities of fats, ignoring the fact that fats can neither 
make good blood, renew wasted tissue, nor replenish exhausted 
digestive ferments. Another class feed green vegetables, 
blind to the fact that these require far more labor of the debili- 
tated digestive organs than do the animal foods. The real 
problems are : 

1. To give nearly a normal average of the fiber element, upon the 
assumption that, although the work done may not be as much as the 
average of the healthy, the wastes already suffered will fully average 
the necessity for these elements. 

2. To supply as nearly the normal quantity of fats as the dimin- 
ished respiratory power will oxidize ; because, although they have 
the disadvantage of locally raising the temperature in the lungs, they 
also possess the vastly preponderating advantage (when not in great 
excess) of yielding heat and energy without digestion, thus saving a 
heavy drain just where the organism is weakest. 

But that cod-liver oil is not an appropriate fat is apparent for 
these reasons, summarized from Wood, Porter and others: (a) The oil 
contains the excretive nitrogenous products of the liver, designed for 
expulsion as unfit for further use in the animal economy, (b) Its 
emulsification increases the danger of exhausting the oxygen supply, 
because of its rapid absorption, (c) Its rapid transformation in the 
lungs into carbon dioxide and water, tends to increase the local con- 



DISEASES AXI) THEIR TREATMENT. 439 

gestions there, (d) Its alterative action is in the direction of depres- 
sion, because it decreases the urea in the urine, and increases the 
deleterious products of deficient oxidation. 

3. To use the force element only as appetizing and supplementary 

— to fill up the calories of heat and energy to the measure of the full 
oxidizing capacity of the system and enable it to appropriate more of 
the fiber-element and no further. 

4. To make actual increase in respiratory capacity the standard 
of a corresponding increase in food supply 

5. To make no account of the increased number of respirations, 
because they are fully balanced by the diminished area of oxygen 

rption, and by the augmented impurity of the blood. 

It will thus be seen that the adjustment of the diet must 
have a constant relation to the respiratory power, and should 
be specific as to kind and quantity in each several phase of the 
disease, to increase the respiratory capacity is the 

FIRST NEED. THEN TO FEED UP TO ITS LARGEST MEASURE IS 
THE SECOND. 

The kind of food is also of utmost importance. An 
excess of fats overtaxes the emulsifying functions, and their 
point of oxidation being in the lung-tissue, their transforma- 
tion increases the heat where it is already too high, by reason 
£)f the inflammatory processes already described. 

The physiological nutritive demand is for nitrogenous sub- 
stances to supply the wastes of tissues and the digestive 
ferments, and carbohydrates to give requisite heat, but not in 
such excess as to cause the imperfect oxidation of the nitrogen 
into its proper excrementitious products. 

The nitrogenous substances should be in the most easily 
digested forms, and such carbohydrates selected as are capable 
of yielding the necessary amount of heat without a bad effect 
upon the organs. 

These rules are plain, scientific, and practical, and should 
be rigorously enforced so long as there is hope of recovery. 
When that is abandoned, the old guesswork or whimsical 
em may be readopted. 

On pp. 373-376 some dietaries may be found constructed 
in accordance with these rules. 

- . The Hygienic Measures necessary have reference to : First, 
the danger to the patient of reinoculatioii by himself; second, 
the peril of infection : third, the possibility of cure. 



440 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



The first two may be summarized thus: All expectorations should 
be immediately distroyed by five, or by disinfectants. All dishes or 
utensils that have been used by the patient should be disinfected. 

Bedding, clothing and room should have a sulphur fume every few 
days. The cuspidor should constantly contain a solution of carbolic 
acid, one ounce to one and one-half pints of water, and should be 
washed twice a day with boiling water. When away from this recep- 
tacle, the patient should carry little squares of cloth to receive the 
sputa, and each should be wrapped immediately in j)arafnned paper 
and turned on the first opportunity. 

The urine and faeces should be disinfected by mixing with each 
discharge one ounce of powdered chloride of lime, or one quart of a 
solution of four ounces of chloride of lime to one gallon of soft water. 

Let stand an hour before emptying any- 
where. Rooms should be disinfected 
by exposure for twenty-four hours to 
the fumes of burning sulphur, (three 
pounds for every ten feet square size or 
room) then to currents of fresh air sev- 
eral hours, then the walls should be 
rubbed with bread crumbs, which 
should be burned. 

The Inhaling Tube.— From what 
has already been said concerning the 
relation of lung capacity to nutrition, 
it follows that lung expansion lies at 
the root of possible cure in all cases. 
Therefore the inhaling tube, or more 
properly the respirator systematically 
used, is the supreme hygienic measure,, 
never to be omitted. The construction 
of the inhaling tube is such that when 
held between the lips, and the breath 
is drawn through it very deeply; it en- 
T'bar to'stopThe valvl^ ^^ ter * b Y an orifice large enough for com- 
fig. 64. A, side orifice. fortable inspiration, but when expelled, 

by the operation of an interior valve, it is diverted through an aper- 
ture so much smaller that the rebound of the air from the effort to 
force it through rapidly, dilates all the air cells, and thus accomplishes 
three very important purposes namely: 1, Breaks up the tendency to 
mat or consolidate like a hard dry sponge, which is the first step tow- 
ards ulceration. 2, Gives the cells a gymnastie exercise by which they 
are greatly strengthened and made more hardy. 3, The slow expiration. 



OB 



FIG. 63. FIG. 64. 

BREATHING TUBES. 



DISEASES AKD THEIR TREATMENT. 441 

affords ample time for the complete absorption of all the oxygen of 
the inspired air. The tube should always be used in the open air or 
by an open window, from two to many times a day. The patient 
should stand erect if able, with shoulders thrown well back, and 
breathe as deeply as possible from one to twenty minutes at a time. 
Should any dizziness be felt, rest a minute. If predisposed to hemor- 
rhage, it should be used if at all with great caution. 

Theie are many forms of the tube, most of which are needlessly r 
expensive. One of the simplest is illustrated in Fig. 64, and consists of 
a glass tube with a side orifice for expiration, the tongue being placed 
against the interior and acting in place ot a valve. Another also of 
glass with a valve is represented in lig. Co. One can be made by boring 
a three-sixteenth inch hole through the length of any piece of hard 
wood three inches long, then about one-half of an inch from one end, 
bore a one-sixteenth hole through one side into the lengthwise hole. 
Place the end with the side-hole in the mouth, so that the hole shall be 
between the throat and the front teeth, and draw the breath through 
it. To expel, clap the tongue against the end, and at no cost whatever 
one can have practically as good an inhaler as any that costs two dol- 
lars, so far as the lungs are concerned, but it should be carefully 
cleansed every day with menthymos solution, or some other disinfect- 
ant, and care must be used to have the end smooth lest the tongue 
become sore. 

Habitual Outdoor Air, with as much of the right kind of physi- 
cal exercise as can be taken without exhausting the vital force, are 
imperative co-requisites. Rut how to secure that exercise is th« per- 
plexing xn*oblem. 

The following objections hold against horse locomotion: The exer- 
cise is too passive lor the most curable stage, when its benefit is most 
required; the expense and care are prohibitive in the majority of 
cases. The following objections hold against bicycles: They do not 
admit of enough companionship; they afford no shelter from the sun; 
they tax the heart and large blood vessels 1oo much ; they can be used 
comfortably only in favored localities, and in the most pleasant 
season of the year. 

Summer Camping parties, which. should extend from June to Octo- 
ber in the Northern States, moving southward as the season advances, 
and passing the winter in California, Texas or New Mexico, are the best 
form of life and exercise. Expensive? Yes, but what is human life 
worth? The day is not distant when such parties or something equiva- 
lent will come to be recognized as the reasonable thing for the cure 
of this dire malady. 

Rut what shall the poor victim do who cannot go camping? Do as 
the author did forty-seven years ago, when physicians and friends 
despaired of his life, because consumption had fastened upon him 
(early second stage). Keep up a running fight with Death— a desperate 
purpose to live to do good in the mind, trust in God in the heart, and 
with the inhaling tube as the chief reliance, FIGHT to win! Then if 
you fall, it will be because God has a better place for you. 

Medical Treatment — Its first aim should be to heal sup- 
purations if they exist. Its second should be alterative and 



442 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

tonic as far as the system will respond favorably to such agents. 
In all cases medicines should be germicidal, only such drugs 
being used as have power to kill or sterilize the germs, or 
neutralize their ptomaines, or both, and at the same time not 
prove devitalizing. 

Guiacol, creasote, calomel, chlorides of gold, antimony, arsenic, 
turpentine, cinnamon— these and many others have been used with 
success in different cases. Our judgment is that the particular remedy 
employed is not of so much consequence as its careful adjustment to 
the vital force and the use of the hygienic means previously named. 
"Without them, all medication is useless; with them, medicine rightly 
selected and administered may play a subordinate role, but must 
never be allowed the chief place. 

The simple fact that in spite of all the varied medication of the 

past, the disease still holds sway is proof that drugs cannot cure it. On 

the other hand, a strictly scientific diet has had no chance to try, 

because until very recently its elements have not been sufficiently 

understood. But it is fair to assume that since a certain percentage of 

cases recover in spite of positively wrong diet, if that be corrected and 

&dd#d to the other means named, a much larger proportion will cast 

off the disease. 

Tonic and alterative treatment according to the case. Some prep- 
aration of tar for the cough, when needed, and creosote carbonate as a 
germicide is probably the best treatment that can be given. Ozone or 
oxygen inhalations in all cases. 

Constipation (diminished peristaltic action of the 
bowels). — Cause: Lack of bile, stricture of large intestines, 
or growths from its surface ; more commonly sedentary habits, 
neglect of the calls of nature, certain diseases — anaemia, hyste- 
ria, etc., and acute diseases. It is normal; (1) after free evac- 
uations from diarrhoea, enemas or cathartics ; (2) during pro- 
tracted fasting ; (3) from three to ten days after child-birth ; 
(4) in serious sickness when nature uses all her energies in 
saving. The stool consists of waste matters secreted from the 
b>lood by the glands of the colon. For the effects of the undue 
retention and resorption of such matters, see our colon flush. 
Dr. Turner, of Washington, examined the colons of three hun- 
dred persons and found two hundred and ten of them consti- 
pated, and containing disease germs that were being absorbed 
into the system. 

Treatment : 1. Knead the abdomen with a deep, shoving move- 
ment, in the direction of the intestinal peristalsis, i. e., beginning in 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 443 

the right groin and moving around over the colon, five to ten minutes 
every day. Should this prove ineffective, anti-constipation diet and 
avoid tea, gin, beer, cheese, milk, salt and smoked meat, pickles, pas- 
try, fresh bread, beans, peas, nuts, rolls, waffles, and all milk com- 
pounds with farina. 

Or. eat one or two oranges on rising, followed by one-half pint of 
water, cold or hot. For breakfast, eggs or fish, and oatmeal mush or 
hominy ; no bread, rolls, griddlecakes or gems, unless they are oatmeal 
and take the place of oatmeal mush. 

Two hours before dinner, one or two apples followed by one-half 
pint hot water. For dinner, meat, poultry or game, green vegetables, 
such as greens, cresses, squash, turnips, spinach, cabbage, tomatoes, 
asparagus, cauliflower; no desserts, no bread. 

Every one-half hour from dinner to supper take a teaspoonful of 
cold water and drink whenever thirsty. 

For supper, stewed fruit, or figs, pears, prunes, peaches, apples, 
oranges, melons, grapes, cherries, berries, toast, cold meat ; no cake nor 
sweetmeats. Can use brown bread, corn meal mush, or hominy in 
place of toast. 

At bedtime, one-half pint of hot water. The only drink allowed at 
meals is buttermilk at the end. 

2. Make the effort to stool at a regular hour after breakfast. 3. 
Stool whenever the desire occurs. 4. Csecal flush every night as long 
as there are dark, hard or mucus covered discharges and until they are 
yellow. Then, two or three times a week until cured. 5. Massage, 
(a) Uub the whole abdomen with a compound of lanoline two ounces, 
sweet oil four ounces, oil of sassafras two ounces, gently pinching the 
skin for ten minutes, (b) Gently tap with the ends of the fingers all 
over the stomach and bowels, four or five minutes, (c) Standing, 
clasp the bowels in both hands and shake up and down and from side 
to side four or five minutes, (d) Kneed as first directed, but this pro- 
cess should never be employed vigorously if the colon is packed with 
hard faecal matter. First unload it with flushes. 6. The colon flush. 

When the cause is inactivity of the liver, ox-gall pills will supply 
the deficiency until the liver can be set right. "With dry stools, cas- 
cara cordial four ounces, fl. ext. of lobelia two drams; one to two 
teaspoonfuls. 

Constipation, Habitual: Podophyllin one grain, malaga wine two 
ounces : one teaspoonful at bedtime. 

Constipation of Children: Mux at night, bryonia in the morning. A 
tablespoonful of fine bran night and morning in a cup of warm milk, 
poured on bread. 

In all cases with heat in lower bowels, or red line in center of 
tongue, ferrum phos. With clear slimy tongue, bubbles on edges, 
involuntary tears or other waterv discharges, or frothy saliva, natrum. 
mnr. Witli white tongue, light stools, fat and pastry disagree, kali 
mur. With yellow, slimy tongue, sticky, thin, yellow secretions of 
watery matter, any attendant symptoms worse in evening and in a 
warm room, or with retrocession of eruptions, or itching pimples, or 
peeling skin— kali sulph. Three grains of either, three to six times a 
day. 

Contortions (chronic, from rheumatism). — Treatment: 

Give lobelia until complete relaxation is produced, then 
straighten. Repeat every week. 



444 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Contusions. — When of the flesh, see bruises. When of 
the bone, see peritonitis. 

Convulsions, Infantile. — Symptoms : Spasms of mus- 
cles, general or partial. May come suddenly, but usually pre- 
ceded by restlessness with twitching and grinding of teeth. 
Spasm usually begins with hands, eyes fixed and rolled upward, 
body stiff and breathing suspended for a moment, face 
congested. 

Cause: Peculiar excitability of nervous system; reflexly from 
gastro-intestinal disturbances, especially with debility; seldom from 
dentition alone; rickets, fever, congestion of brain as in whooping 
cough. May be due to irritation of the brain, or at a distance, as a 
worm in the bowels, or a burn on the hand or foot, or to fright. 

Treatment. Remove the cause. Hot baths ten to twenty minutes. 
Sponge the spine with cold water. Mustard 10 the extremities. Warm 
water on head, allowed to evaporate freely. Enema of lobelia and 
skull cap tea. Give passiflora in earn at a five to twenty drops, or catnip 
extract one teaspoonful. Or, calc. phos. and mag. phos. in alternation, 
one dose every hour. Or, if from worms, salt and water, and as soon 
as the paroxysm is over, a dose of belladonna and santonine as for 
worms. If at the beginning of ague, give aconite and belladonna, a 
dose every thirty minutes, four times, then give baptisia in place of 
the belladonna. If from diarrhoea, belladonna and camomilla. If 
from whooping cough, belladonna. 

Convulsions, Puerperal (occuring during child- 
birth). — Symptoms: Convulsive movements of the limbs, mus- 
cles of the face, dilated pupils, red or livid countenance, fixed 
or convulsive eyes, foam at the mouth, involuntary escape of 
urine and faeces. 

Treatment: Empty the bladder and rectum, place a piece of rub- 
ber between the teeth, give infusion of lobelia freely by mouth and 
rectum as soon as possible; if the urine is albuminous and scanty, 
give diuretic teas, then administer peroxide of hydrogen, thirty drops 
in water; or resorcin, five to fifteen grains every three hours; or, sal- 
icylate of soda, fifteen to thirty grains three or four times a day ; with 
passiflora, one teaspoonful every four hours, to neutralize the pto- 
maines; or, give hypodermic injections of veratrum viride every 
thirty minutes, five drops of the tincture. Treat other symptoms as 
they occur with packs, compresses, fomentations, bed sponges, etc. 

Corns (indurations of the skin caused by irritation). - 
Soft: Harden by applications of tannin, and treat as hard. 
Hard: Soften by the hot foot bath, or by wrapping in lint 
soaked in a solution of washing soda, then scrape away ; repeat. 

Or, salicylic acid thirty parts, extract cannabis indica five parts, 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 445 

collodion two hundred and forty parts. Apply with small brush; in 
four days rub off in hot foot bath and repeat until cured. Or, soak in 
very hot water a few minutes, then protect surrounding parts with 
iodoform, and apply salicylic acid and lactic acid, each one-halt dram, 
collodion one-half ounce ; protect from further irritation. 

Cough, Whooping (pertussis). — A contagious and 
infectious disease chiefly of childhood, caused by the presence 
in the blood of the micrococci parasite, localizing in and around 
the cervical spinal cord and giving the nervous symptoms ; and 
upon the membrane of the air passages, giving the catarrhal 
symptoms. Symptoms: Languor, fretfulness, symptoms of a 
cold, periodic and spasmodic closure of the glottis on deep 
inspiration, which, if long-continued, causes a sense of suffoca- 
tion; convulsions, attacks often end in vomiting. Complica- 
tions are extremely dangerous. 

Treatment: Keep quiet, give nutritive diet, daily antiseptic bath. 
Keep atmosphere of room antiseptic with cresolene vapor constantly. 
If that cannot be procured, spray glycozone, naphthaline, or eucalyptus 
about the room every hour, and every third day remove the child and 
fumigate room and furniture with burning sulphur. See fumigations. 
Give internally, of syrup of tolu four ounces, resorcin one-half ounce, 
mix. Dose, one teaspoonful every three hours when awake. 

Treat complications as they arise. Mild tonic method, Xo. 3. 
Warm, not sweltering clothing; open air in pleasant weather. Sea air 
i> especially beneficial. 

Dobell's solution as a spray is of great utility— crystals of carbolic 
ar-id three grains, biborate of soda and biearbonate'of soda, of each 
twenty grains, glycerine one ounce, water five ounces. Or, use in the 
same way thymol fifteen grains, alcohol three drams, glycerine four 
drams, water thirty-four ounces. An emetic of one-fourth to one-half 
teaspoonful of powdered alum in syrup or honey occasionally is help- 
ful. After giving the dose, hold the child on its stomach with head 
lowered until it operates. At night give an enema of one ounce of lac 
asafoetida to promote sleep. Listerine one teaspoonful to two ounces 
of water sprayed into the throat is beneficial. 

Coryza. — See catarrh, acute nasal. 

Cramp (a spasmodic action of the nerves, causing invol- 
untary muscular contractions). — Cause: A disturbance of the 
molecular motion of the salt magnesia phos. in the tissues. 

Treatment: Magnesia phos. three grains every thirty minutes to 
three hours. Fomentations of smartweed, or a foot bath of a handful 
of salt and two of wood ashes in warm water. Or, specific aconite ten 
drops, sanguinaria nitrate one grain, glycerine one ounce ; ten drops 
every ten to twenty minutes as required. 

Cross Eyes. — Treatment: Cover the eyes with a mask 



446 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

having an orifice at such a point as will compel the eye to 
turn straight in order to see out. 

Croup. — Under this name three separate diseases occur : 

1st. Laryngeal: See laryngitis. 

2d. Spasmodic : Cause: Reflex irritation, as teething, worms, and 
derangements of the digestive tract. Symptoms: Short, barking cough 
and difficult, hoarse breathing. Treatment: Give enema of No. 4, fol- 
lowed as soon as it is expelled by a warm mustard bath of twenty to 
thirty minutes, and give lobelin (cone.) one grain in warm alkaline 
water every ten to twenty minutes, or magnesia phos. three grains 
every ten to thirty minutes. 

3d. Membranous or Diphtheretic Croup: Symptoms: Croupy 
cough by day, slight fever, rapid and wheezy breathing, prolonged jump- 
ing inspirations, redness and swelling of tonsils and palate, increased 
fever, pulse irregular, great thirst, false membrane on tongue, tonsils,, 
palate, larynx and trachea (bacillus indicum). 

Fatal Symptoms: Drowsiness, wakes in terror, breathing becomes 
gasping, congestion of lungs, skin cold and clammy, suffocation, con- 
vulsions, death. 

Treatment: Temperature eighty degrees, moist with steam of vine- 
gar, or slack lime in bucket and cause vapor to be breathed; make 
sheet tent and fill with vapor, keeping the child in it. Long flannel 
wrapper, high neck and long sleeves; nutritive method mild to strong. 

Immerse in hot water until sweating then rub dry; put cold com- 
presses on throat, of vinegar and water and manipulate the limbs, or 
put mustard fomentations on them and heat between shoulders. If 
not soon relieved, alternate fomentations and compresses on throat 
and chest, and give hot foot baths. (Distinguish from diphtheria, in 
which never foment). Or, aconite, phosphoric acid and spongia in 
rotation, every ten, thirty and sixty minutes as improvement contin- 
ues. If fever subsides, but throat trouble and cough continue, give 
ipecac in place of aconite. If cough be deep seated, give bryonia. 
instead of spongia, keep in warm room with no draughts, feet warm, 
head cool, compress on throat. One-half teaspoonful alum and same 
powdered sugar if suffocation seems at hand, and blow into the throat 
a little pure powdered alum. 

Cyanosis (blue disease) — A condition of the heart or 
blood vessels that mixes venous and arterial blood. Congen- 
ital : Keep thoroughly warm and give a drop or two of digi- 
talis twice a day. Symptomatic: Treat the original disease. 
In either case the thermo-galvanic battery two to four times a 
day. 

Cystitis, Acute (inflammation of the the bladder). — 
Cause : Injury from operation ; irritation from pieces of 
crushed calculi; results from certain drugs as cantharidis. In 
gouty subjects from exposures to cold ; from too long retention 



DISEASES A^D THEIR TREATMENT. 44T 

of urine; may be due to a stone, foreign body, or growth in 
the bladder obstructive to the outflow of urine, or to stricture 
or enlarged prostate. 

Symptoms : Burning, piercing and throbbing pain in the region of 
the bladder extending to the perineum and in some cases to the testi- 
cles and thighs, increased by pressure; ineffectual desire to urinate; 
nausea, vomiting and great anxiety are common; constipation, pulse 
full, hard and frequent; skin hot and dry, thirst urgent, and patient 
restless and dejected. 

Treatment : Remove the cause. If urine is retained, draw it off 
with a catheter; sigmoid flush of warm water with thirty drops to the 
pint of tincture of lobelia; cool compress on bladder. Fomentations 
of limbs with mustard water, warm hip bath, or body bandage fomen- 
tation, two or three times a day. Injections into the bladder of warm, 
pure milk; revulsive method strong; the pain suppository in the rec- 
tum every four hours. Keep urine alkaline with tea of linseed or 
marsh mallow containing nitrate of potash one-half ounce and cream 
of tartar one ounce to two pints. Take enough for that purpose; mus- 
tard over stomach if there is vomiting. If perfectly pure milk is not 
at hand for the injection, wash the bladder thoroughly with clear, 
warm water until tile water comes away clean and odorless, then rinse 
out with a very weak solution of soda bicarbonate, after which inject 
five grains of papoid dissolved in two to four ounces of warm water. 
Repeat from once in two days to five or six times in one day according 
to the severity of the case. Give water freely to drink. Repeat the 
flush and the bladder injections as often as required to keep down 
fever and subdue the inflammation, and give tepid spongings as often 
as may conduce to comfort. (Cooling method.) Absolute rest, diet 
nutritious, but unstimulating. 

Internally the following have been used successfully: Fluid ext. 
collinsonia canadensis given in fifteen drop doses every four or six 
hours. Or, tincture of eryngium three drams, tincture of aconite ten 
drops, and water five ounces. Dose one teaspoonful every one to three 
hours. Eucalyptus in from twenty to thirty drop doses of the tincture 
three times a day, well diluted. When the urine is neutral or alkaline 
one to three bladder injections of resorcin two to fifteen percent., at 
intervals of two to three days, usually cures. A No. 1 capsule of ammo- 
nium chloride, swallowed, three or four times in twenty-four hours, 
followed by a glass of cold water, is superior for cystitis arising from 
stone in the bladder, influenza and uterine diseases. Ten grains of 
bicarbonate of soda in a half-ounce of an infusion of uva ursi every 
two hours, is said to relieve immediately. Five grains of carb. of 
lithia, or six grains of benzoate of lithia in a glass of water, will give 
relief in most cases. If this fails, give tinct. gelsemium twenty drops, 
alternated with five grains of benzoate of soda, or lithia, every three 
hours, in water. 

Cystitis, Chronic. — Cause: Mechanical and irritating 
substances in the bladder; retained urine; external injuries, 
irritating and acrid substances ; or by colds, suppressed perspi- 
ration, or hemorrhoidal discharges, or by metastasis of gout 
and rheumatism. 

Symptoms : Violent burning, lancinating, or throbbing pain in the 
region of bladder. Pain increased by pressure made over the pubes; 
the perineum and adjacent parts are tender to touch. Frequent efforts 
to urinate, without success; the little voided passes off in drops, 



448 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

attended with severe stranguary or dystiry; deep red color often 
tinged with blood; or sometimes depositing a milky, turbid sediment, 
particularly if the inflammation is of a catarrhal character. Bowels 
constipated, pulse hard and full, skin hot and dry, urgent thirst, some- 
times sickness at stomach and vomiting. 

Diet: Generous to a fault; linseed or marsh mallow tea, for drink; 
flannel clothing, external warmth, bactericides as injections, com p. 
oxygen to sterilize blood and support nervous strength. Avoid reach- 
ing upwards, rapid walks, lifting, damp or chilled feet, and everything 
that experience proves to be injurious. Keep bowels open with csecal 
flushes, No. 41. Retained enema of mullein tea; watermelons eaten 
freely, if they agree otherwise are beneficial, producing a bland urine. 
Tepid hip baths two to four times a week; much quiet rest; tepid 
compress on bladder nightly, or hop fomentation. Hot alkaline sponge 
baths frequently. Full pack once a week. One to two gallons of 
water drank daily. One teaspoonful of fluid extract of corn silk in 
water three or four times a day. 

Locally : Empty the bladder with a flexible catheter, then keeping 
the catheter in position inject through it from a glass syringe two or 
three ounces of tepid water containing one-half of an even teaspoon- 
ful of borax. Let that pass off, and then inject one ounce of warm, 
soft, white vaseline, pinch the end of the catheter and withdraw it. 
Repeat once or twice a day, until cured. Or, stool vapor three days; 
then for three weeks, upper shower and water tread morning and 
afternoon; then sitz one day and shower alternately; tea of juniper 
berries and mullein. Or, after the cleansing wash, inject warm water 
containing a teaspoonful of fl. extract of corn silk, and take one to two 
teaspoonfuls in water every three or four hours, or take five to eight 
drops of oil of mullein three times a day. Old men with enlarged 
prostate will find five to fifteen grains of ammonium benzoate every 
four to six hours of benefit. If there is much pain, warm and inject 
and allow to remain twenty or thirtv minutes, one ounce of this mix- 
ture—sodium benzoate one dram, tincture of gelsemium two and one- 
half drams, water enough to make six ounces. 

The following has been used with much success: Iodoform thirteen 
drams, glycerine ten drams, distilled water two and one-half drams, 
gum tragacanth four grains; mix. First wash out the bladder then 
inject half a dram in two to four ounces tepid water Listerine one 
ounce, water one pint, is also a good remedy as a bladder injection. 
Also, one-tenth of one per cent solution of permanganate of potassium. 
Orally, eryngmm aquaticum half an ounce, water three and one-half 
ounces, a teaspoonful four times a day. Correct acidity of urine with 
one-half to one dram of acetate of potash daily. In mild cases this 
may be sufficient: Aconite, arsenicum and baptisia in rotation every 
half hour until better, then less frequently. Drink hot water freely. 

Dandruff .—With excess of watery secretions from nose 
and eyes and white scales, natrum mur, three grains four times 
a day ; with yellow scales, kali sulph. three grains four times 
a day; with white secretions and tongue, kali mur, three 
grains four times a day. Wash scalp daily with a solution of 
menthymos ten grains to one-half pint of water, or use Our Doc- 
tor's hair preparation, or a solution of listerine. 

Deafness. — Causes: Ansemia, congestion or softening 
of the brain; drugs — quinine, chloral hydrate, opium, bella- 
donna, tobacco; reflex — from teething, worms, etc; micro- 
bial — catarrh, tubercle, syphilis, rheumatism, typhoid and 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 449 

typhus fevers, scarlet fever, etc. Treatment: For anaemia, 
treat as for anaemia; for congestion, treat as for congestion; 
for softening, treat as for softening; for reflex, remove the 
cause ; for drug, stop its use. If no relief, consult an aurist. 
For microbes, three or four drops of pure mullein oil dropped 
in the ear night and morning, and alterative and tonic treat- 
ments as needed. This failing, consult an aurist. 

Debauch. — Warm bath, rest, diet No. 14. Ten to 
twenty drops of cone, tincture of oats in hot water every three 
to six hours. Avoid the cause. 

Debility, Sexual. — See sexual diseases. 

Deglutition (swallowing) difficult. — With impaired 
innervation, stramonium five drops, water four ounces, tea- 
spoonful every two or three hours; general tonic treatment. 
Kali phos. three grains every two to four hours. 

Delirium Tremens. — See acute alcoholism. 

Dengue (break-bone fever, eruptive rheumatic fever, 
dandy fever). — Cause: The same as yellow fever modified by 
a strong rheumatic diathesis. 

Symptoms : Great prostration, pain in bones, excruciating pain 
in forehead and eyes, delirium, sleeplessness ; incubation forty-eight 
hours, then rigors and fever; about the fourth day of fever tempera- 
ture declines and rash appears and continues two or three days. 

Treatment: Copious lobelia emetic, saline cathartic and alcohol 
chair bath, or full pack. Diaphoretic and cooling methods as needed; 
nutritive beef tea; ten drops of peroxide of hydrogen six to eight 
times a day, and three times a day a teaspoonful of eucalyptol. Anti- 
septic precautious as in yellow fever. Tonic method in convalescence, 
with diets No. 13, 22, 26 or 34. 

Dermatalgla (neuralgia of skin) — Cocaine one grain to 
one dram of water applied with earners-hair brush ; general 
nutritive and tonic treatments. 

Diabetes Insipidas (non-saccharine diabetes). — Differs 
from d. mellituria by the absence of sugar from the urine and 
its low specific gravity. Symptoms : Excessive thirst and copi- 
ous urine ranging from 1.002 to 1.006. 

Treatment : Central galvanism six minutes, then faradism over 
kidneys twenty minutes daily, or positive at cocyx, negative over kid- 
neys four minutes then positive between shoulders, negative still on 
kidneys, five to eight minutes daily for three days, then three times a 
week. Internally rhus aromatica, five to thirty drops every three 

29 



450 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

hours ; or, solid extract of celastrus scan, one ounce, extract liy drastic 
six drams, soften to consistency of molasses with whisky tincture of 
columbo and dogwood. One teaspoonful three times a day. 

Diabetes, Mellituria. — A disease in which grape sugar 
exists in all the fluids and solids of the body. 

Symptoms : Onset gradual, either persistent thirst or frequent 
micturition first calls attention. Appetite usually increased with 
marked and rapid emaciation. Urine varies from six to forty pints 
according to severity of case, and is pale, with sweetish odor and 
taste, and acid reaction containing sugar from one and one-half to> 
ten per cent. Thirst greatest about an hour after meals ; saliva may 
he scanty and tongue dry, red and glazed ; constipation common ; sugar 
fungus in the blood ; urine ferments with yeast ; extreme nerve depres 
sion; breath is chloroform ; often cataract. May run along for years r 
and usually terminates either in a deposit of tubercle in lower lobe of 
right lung, or in Bright's disease. 

Cause: Heredity; more frequent in men, rarely in the young; 
injury to nerve centers, brain and cord. More carbohydrates are 
ingested than can be accomodated by the liver as glycogen. 

General Diet for Diabetics: Allowed: All kinds of meats (except 
liver), poultry, all kinds of game; all kinds of fish, fresh or salt, sar- 
dines; oysters and clams; eggs in any style (without addition of 
flour, starch or sugar); fats and fatty meats, sparingly; butter, cheese, 
not very old; soup (without flour or the prohibited vegetables); celery, 
cabbage, cauliflower, string beans, asparagus, lettuce, spinach, mush- 
rooms, radishes, cucumbers (green or pickled), young onions, water- 
cresses, slaw, olives, tomatoes; wheat, gluten, graham and rye bread, 
acid fruits, such as oranges, lemons, apples, plums, cranberries, cur- 
rants, cherries, strawberries, gooseberries (sweetened, not with sugar, 
but with saccharin and sod. bicarb, or with glycerine ;) gelatin (without 
sugar); almonds, walnuts, Brazilnuts, hazelnuts, filberts, pecans, but- 
ternuts, cocoanuts ; salt, vinegar, pepper. Drinks: Coffee, tea, (with- 
out sugar), skim milk, buttermilk, cream, soda water (without syrup); 
mineral waters of all kinds, but especially vichy ; claret, Rhine wine. 
Prohibited: Liver; sugar, in any form; starch in any form; sauces 
containing flour, sugar or starch; cakes of all kinds; all cereals such 
as cracked wheat, oatmeal mush, cerealine, etc. ; potatoes (either Irish 
or sweet), corn, carrots, turnips, hominy, parsnips, beans, peas, beets r 
lice; white bread, corn bread, white buscuits ; pears, peaches, grapes, 
sweet jellies; chestnuts; malt liquors, beer, ale, spirits. If it can be 
afforded levulose (diabetin) is the best sweetening. 

Treatment: Oxygen in large quantities to burn up the sugar. Pan- 
creatine after each meal to aid the pancreatic secretion to transform 
the sugar. Colon flush daily to expel the ptomaines ; daily cold sponge 
bath; flannel clothing; long continued alterative and tonic methods. 
Sodium sulph. (No. 11), as chief remedy. Kali phos. (No. 6), for nervous 
weakness, voracious hunger, sleeplessness. Ferr. phos. (No. 4), for 
quickened pulse, pain, heat or congestion. Calc. phos. (No. 1), for 
thirst, dry mouth and tongue, flabby, sunken abdomen, weakness, 
polyuria, when bacon and salt are craved, and in glycosuria when the 
lungs are involved. Kali mur (No. 5), for excessive sugary urine, great 
weakness and somnolence. Natr. mur (No. 9), for polyuria, unquench- 
able thirst, emaciation, loss of sleep and appetite, great debility and 
despondency; give according to indications. Should these fail to cure, 
sambul seed finely pulverized, five grains in a capsule after each meal, 
will greatly relieve while its use is continued. Peroxide of hydrogen, 
teaspoonful dose in water after meals. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 451 

Diarrhoea. — Too frequent movements of the bowels 
with or without pain. Cause: Undigested food undergoing 
chemical fermentation, impure air or water, or irritating 
drugs. 

Treatment : Stop the use of the drugs, get out of the air, drink no 
more of the water, expel the ferment and perfectly digest additional 
food. Abstain entirely from food, until the tongue cleans and hunger 
comes: drink freely of very hot water; take full ca?cal flush, warm 
with ten grains of menthymos to the quart; abdominal compress, with 
rest in bed. If this does not soon relieve, take neutralizing cordial in 
tablespoonful doses every hour, until the bowels move freely from the 
action of the medicine. Then if the movements do not cease at once,. 
give cinnamon or kali tea, or tincture of camphor, opium, rhubarb 
and capsicum, equal parts; dose twenty-five drops every fifteen to 
sixty minutes; or dark pinus canadensis, fifteen to thirty drops by 
stomach or one teaspoonful in retained enema. Saracenia flava, fl. 
extract after each evacuation; said to be sure. Horn, verratrum alba 
and phos. acid alternated after each movement. If nausea, vomiting 
or cramps in the bowels, ipecac alternated with one of the two. If 
thirst and burning in the stomach, arsenicum alternated with one of 
the others. 

Food : Milk thickened with flour and salted ; rice boiled 
until soft, with salt or butter; rice gruel, or diets Xo. 16, or 
43, or 45, or 51. Mullein root tea simmered to a paste; make 
into pills and take one ; repeat if necessary after next move- 
ment of the bowels. 

Electricity: Negative pole on back, up and down, posi- 
tive pole all over abdomen. Treat severe cases four to six 
times a day, five to ten minutes each time. 

Biliary Diarrhoea is indicated by yellow eyes, heavily-coated 
tongue, excess of bile in stools. Rest in bed, put hot fomentations over 
liver as well as bowels, hot bowel flushes of salted water. Drink 
lemon water, preferably hot, and abstain entirely from food. Or, lac- 
tic acid three to four drams, simple syrup seven ounces, boiled water 
ten ounces. Dose four ounces between meals. 

Feculent Diarrhoea: Surface cold and the pulse feeble, absolute 
rest and copious hot colon flushes, the bowels at the same time being 
swathed in a compress of hot mustard water for an hour, followed by 
a flannel bandage sprinkled with dry mustard and pinned quite tight* 

Mississippi River Fever Diarrhoea : Horn, podophyllum and 
leptandra in alternation every two hours, and treat with colon flush 
as in dysentery. 



452 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Nervous Diarrhoea: Caused by nervous excitement; treat the 
nervous debility. General faradization three times a week, with 
reversed current, five minutes, on any tender spots in the abdomen. 

Chronic Diarrhoea : Rest the bowels as much as possible by giving 
diet Nos. 22, 23 or 24, and three to five grains of papoid after each meal, 
both to aid digestion and as an antiseptic ; a daily colon flush of tepid 
or cold water, and control pain, if any, with fomentations of hops. 
Dark pinus canadensis fifteen to thirty drops by stomach, or, tempo- 
rarily, diet No. 16. 

Dr. C. Page once cured himself of a very serious chronic diarrhoea 
of long standing, contracted in the army, by eating watermelons and 
nothing else. If change of climate be sought, one of low temperature, 
equable, dry, with clear sky, porous soil, good scenery and agreeable 
society should be selected. 

Body ablution of vinegar and water daily; sitz baths twenty min- 
utes every other day are beneficial; warm wormwood tea twice a day, 
is sometimes curative. Aromatic sulphuric acid fifteen drops every 
two hours, with one tablespoonful of magnesia sulph. every other morn- 
ing, rarely fails. General faradization fifteen minutes, then negative 
up and down on spine, positive on abdomen five minutes, daily, excel- 
lent. Cockle burr and sage one ounce of each to one pint of water 
sweetened with honey, a teaspoonful three or four times a day; or 
epilobium, a teaspoonful every three hours, good. If with full mucus 
discharges, podophyllum one to one-hundred, one to ten grains twice 
a day. Or, horn, podophyllum alternated with veratrum. 

Diarrhoea, Children's : With flatulence, griping, green discharges, 

sore stomach — neutralizing cordial every three to six hours. With 

watery discharges, neutralizing cordial nine drams, tinct. of myrrh 

one dram, dose according to age every three to six hours. With liver 

obstruction, neutralizing cordial four drams, fl. extract of leptandrium 

four drams, dose according to age every four to six hours. With severe 

flatulence neutralizing cordial four drams, fl. extract of diosc. one 

dram, dose according to age every two to four hours. With convulsive 

symptoms, neutralizing cordial four drams, fl. extract of valerian 

forty drops, essence of anise twenty drops. Dose for age every hour 

until relieved. 

One papoid and soda bicarbonate tablet dissolved in two table- 
spoonfuls of water. Dose one teaspoonful every fifteen minutes, 
should not be omitted in any form of the disease; or this may be sub- 
stituted for a child one year old: Sulphocarbolate of zinc five grains, 
subnitrate of bismuth fifteen grains, saccharated pepsin thirty grains. 
Divide into fifteen powders, one every hour until stools become inodor- 
ous; then every two to four hours. Stools sour smelling, allow no 
starchy foods: stools putrid smelling, allow no albuminous foods. 
When starch must be prohibited, scrape raw beef with a spoon, and 
season with salt. 

Diarrhoea, Children's Chronic : Horn, with greenish, slimy dis- 
charge, camomilla and ipecac. Yellowish discharges with distress in 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMEXT. 453 

stomach, podophyllum. Preferable to any other treatment in all forms 
of diarrhoea, is the hot elm mucilage colon flush, No. 50, as in dysentery, 
with heat to the abdomen and rest. If not effective alone alternate 
enemas of hot water six parts, peroxide of hydrogen one part. 

Diarrhoea of Last Stage of Phthisis: Subnitrate of bismuth twenty 
to thirty grains after meals, is an old remedy. Much better, see 
consumption. 

Diphtheria. — Symptoms: Resemble at first a cold fol- 
lowed by false membrane on tonsils, and in throat and bron- 
chial tubes; profound prostration. Incubation is from four to 
twelve days. Temperature usually rises to 103 or more. Con- 
vulsions may occur at the beginning. By the second day the 
membrane usually covers the tonsils and pillars of the fauces 
and sometimes the palate. It is grayish-white at first, and 
may turn to a dirty yellowish-gray. Membrane is adherent. 
and when torn off leaves a bleeding surface underneath. Xew 
membrane rapidly forms again. If the case ends favorably, 
about the fourth or fifth day the symptoms subside and con- 
valescence sets in. If this does not occur, there is either an 
extension of the local trouble or the infection has become 
systemic. If the former occurs, the posterior nasal passages 
may be affected, and the ears through the eustachian tubes, 
and the eyes through the tear ducts. It may also extend into 
the larynx and trachea. If the latter occurs, the systemic 
symptoms are in proportion to the local trouble. There is 
marked prostration, pulse frequent, temperature may be very 
high or sometimes even subnormal. 

Cause: Uncleanliness, lack of nutritious food, exposure 
to cold, anything that lowers the tone of the system. Hence 
scrofulous children and those of consumptive parents, children 
who have partially recovered from measles, whooping cough 
and scarlatina, and women who have been recently delivered 
are specially liable to it when exposed to the contagion — the 
diptheretic bacillus extremely infectious. Use utmost pre- 
cautions of disinfection. 

Treatment: Hot sitz bath, 98° to 110°, until profuse per- 
spiration. May use a washtub with a block under the back 
side to tip it forward, the feet in a pail of hot w T ater, and a 
heavy blanket enveloping all but the head, which is wrapped 



454 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

in a cold, wet towel. Increase the heat by adding hot water 
if necessary. Follow immediately with cool or cold full pack 
forty-five to ninety minutes if sleep does not come on, if it 
does, continue until he wakes. Keep room warm until patient 
is in pack, then ventilate thoroughly and cool. Warm up 
again before unpacking, throw oft* the blankets, etc., and rub 
off all moisture with dry towels, then rub with dry hand until 
the entire skin is dry and velvety. Then wrap throat and 
chest with wet bandages well fitted, and cover with dry ones 
of the same shape. Then put in bed with a wet cap on head 
and dry heat to the feet. Perfect quiet; no visitors. The 
same nurses with as little change as possible, and no unneces- 
sary number. Pure air, oxygen if procurable. Hydrogen per- 
oxide by stomach and rectum, and spray with it and an equal 
quantity of water often. Then keep the circulation on the 
surface and at the extremities. 

If this treatment cannot be throughly carried out, or if something 
more seems needful (which will rarely be the case), give kali mux. (No. 
5), and ferr. phos. (No. 4), twenty-four grains of each in separate 
glasses, each with one oz of water. One teaspoonful in alternation, 
one dose every fifteen to thirty minutes. Also gargle with kali mur. 
fifteen grains in a glass of water every thirty to sixty minutes, and if 
the membrane persists in forming, alternate with borate of soda (borax) 
gargle, one teaspoonful to the glass of water. If this is not sufficient, 
wipe off the mucus, and with a camel's-hair pencil paint the patches 
with papoid two and one-half drams to the ounce of water, or, powder 
one-half of a papoid and s. bicarbonate tablet (Johnson and Johnson, 
and place dry on the tongue every two hours. If the membrane is in the 
nostrils, dissolve one tablet in one-half cup of warm water, and hold- 
ing the child's face downward, throw the solution up the nostrils from 
a syringe. Give whisky and milk for great exhaustion, and warm oil 
inunctions. If watery vomiting or diarrhoea, or if face is puffy and pale, 
drowsiness and much saliva, nat. mur. (No. 7.) If vomit is green with 
bitter taste, nat. sulph. (No. 11.) For exhaustion or prostration, malig- 
nant symptoms, and all after-affects, kali phos. (No. 6.) If the disease 
is in the trachea, calc. fluor. (No. 3), in alternation with calc. phos. 
(No. 1.) 

Dr. Robert Walter's very successful treatment is: Place an ice 
bag on the throat, and refill as often as the ice melts, keep the feet 
warm, empty the bowels by tepid enemas, tepid bath once a day, or 
tepid body pack one to three hours. No food until appetite craves it, 
then gruels, fruits and homemade bread. As a substitute for the 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 455 

^whole of the above, twenty to thirty grains every two hours of sulphite 
of sodium internally, and apply a gargle of chlorate of potassa two 
drains, hydrochloricacid twenty drops mixed in a well stoppered eight 
ounce vial, and when decomposed add through a glass funnel two 
ounces of glycerine and fill with water; apply as often as the mem- 
brane forms. Tonic treatment in convalescence. 

Dr. A. Murison's method is to give one part of eucalyptus oil and 
three parts of almond oil, one teaspoonful of the mixture every hour. 
Before the mixture is given a gargle of pure oil is used if the child is 
old enough, and if not a spray instead, and both if it can be managed ; 
also saturating the shirt and pillow of the patient with pure oil, and 
placing plates filled with the oil about the room. The ordinary rules 
of attending to the bowels, giving as much food as possible, securing 
plenty of pure air by open doors and windows, and maintaining cheer- 
ful surroundings, are to be observed. If signs of intoxication appear, 
reduce the dose to one-fourth the quantity. This has proved very suc- 
cessful. Diet bovinine, or nutritive beef tea, milk and fruit juice. 

To Prevent Diphtheria : Three grains of kali mur (So. 5) three 
times a day, or a teaspoonful of listerine after each meal for an adult. 

False Diphtheria. — Symptoms : Tonsils covered with 
a yellow, creamy coating, back part of roof of month creamy, 
tongue moist, creamy or gold colored (consnlt tonsilitis). 
Cause: Deficiency of alkaline salts in the blood. Treatment: 
^s"at. phos. (Xo. 10), three grains every hour. 

Drowsiness during the day and mental activity at 
night. Cause: Lack of vascular tone ; cold shower on shoul- 
ders and back ; nutritive method average or strong ; tonic treat- 
ment as needed. Hensel's tonicum one to two drams in sweet- 
ened water in the course of the day. 

Drunken Stupor. — Pour cold water on the chest. 

Dislocation. — Bend the joint so the muscles will pull 
'the bone in place. If very rigid give lobelia to the point of 
muscular relaxation, then proceed as above. 

Diuresis. — Excessive urinary secretions ; urine very lim- 
pid, pale, with low specific gravity, less than distilled water : 
often present in neurasthenia, nervous disease, masturbation, 
debility, loss of flesh. Remove cause. Tonic and alterative 
treatments as indicated. Secure free action of the skin. 
Equalize the circulation. 

Dropsy, Cellular (anasarca). — Cause: Bright's dis- 
ease, intestinal degeneration, debility, heart disease. 

Dropsy of Brain (hydrocephalus). — Effusion of ceruni 
into the cavity of the arachnoid, following inflammation. 
Symptoms : Enlargement of head with violent pain ; scream- 
ing, impaired senses, uncertain gait. 



456 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Dropsy of the Chest (hydrothorax). — Cause: Pleu- 
risy, heart disease, poverty of blood. Symptoms : Livid face, 
swollen face and feet, dullness of chest. 

Dropsy of Scrotum (hydrocele). — Symptoms: Pear 
shaped, smooth, fluctuating, transparent, without pain. 

General Treatment for all Forms: General alterative and tonic 
treatments according to the case. Apocynum Cannabinum (specific), 
ten to sixty drops in four ounces of water; a teaspoonful every three 
hours. Or, three ounces of milk sugar dissolved in two quarts of 
water, the whole taken in twenty-four hours. Or fl. extract of hair 
cap moss three ounces, fl. extract apocynum and fl. extract of juniper 
berries, each one-half ounce. Mix ; one-half to one teaspoonful three or 
four times a day ; and enough sulphur and cream of tartar dissolved 
in Holland gin to keep the bowels freely open. Or, oxydendron 
aborendum one drop before breakfast, two before dinner, three before 
supper, and so on until eighteen drops are reached, then reverse the 
process until one drop is reached, then stop. 

Dropsy, Post-scarlatinal. — Treat as for disease of 
kidneys. Treat the cause. Better than medication is the full 
pack two or three times a week, knee shower and shoulder 
shower each twice a week, local wrap daily on the seat of the 
disease. Excernent treatment as needed. 

The following is a broad rule : Dropsy of the feet alone means 
heart, dropsy of the abdomen alone means liver, and dropsy of all the- 
body means kidneys. 

Dysentery. — An epidemic disease due to microbial irri- 
tation. Cause: Malaria, impure water, especially that con- 
taining organic matter. Symptoms: The acute catarrhal form 
is the most frequent. May be dyspepsia or slight abdominal 
pains, first diarrhoea, with or without pain at first. In about 
thirty-six hours colicky pain in abdomen and frequent stools 
with straining. At the beginning fever may be 102°-103°_ 
Tongue furred and moist, and later becomes glazed and red- 
Sometimes nausea and vomiting; usually great thirst. At 
first the stools contain mucus mixed with blood and some 
f cecal matter, later gelatinous and bloody. May be very fre- 
quent. In about a week the mucus may become ojmque, not 
so bloody, and may contain shreds. Fcecal matter appears as 
the disease subsides. 

Treatment : Mix four tablespoon fuls of powdered elm bark into a 
paste in cold water; then add iliree pints of boiling water, cool with 



DISEASES A.XD THEIR TREATMENT. 457 

soine cold water and strain through a coarse towel; repeat until a 

clear mucilage results. First, give a full colon flush of warm water, 

containing half of an even teaspoonful of menthymos, or a teaspoon- 

ful of listerine; after that has been expelled, pass the point of the 

syringe through a folded cloth, then into the rectum, holding the 

cloth in position so as to prevent back-flow; then inject two to eight 

pints or more of the elm mucilage, if an adult, or if a child, one-half 

of one to three pints according to age; repeat three or four times a 

day if necessary ; fifteen to thirty drops of laudanum may be added for 

an adult, if needed in bad cases; repeat as often as pain requires, and 

foment the abdomen with vinegar and water, equal parts. Should the 

mucilage not be procurable, irrigate the rectum and colon with cold 

or even ice water as often as the symptoms require, but very gently so 

as not to excite instant expulsion. Smooth lumps of ice in the rectum 

often relieve. 

Medical: Give a tablespoonful of neutralizing cordial every hour 
for six hours, unless it operates as a cathartic sooner, then give colon 
flush Xo. 50 (the elm flush above) as often as pain requires. If neces- 
sary give ten grains of saltpeter (nitrate of potassa) with ten to fifteen 
drops of laudanum after each flush, or, if the pain is severe add thirty 
drops of laudanum to the flush. Keep in bed, with foot of bed 
elevated eight or ten inches; no food but bovinine or nutritive beef 
tea and milk, until foecal matter appears, then cautiously go from 
fluid to semi-solid, then solid diet as strength returns. Great prudence 
in exercise and diet must be observed, or relapse will occur. 

Chronic Dysentery: Daily colon flush of hot, slightly salted 
water, and follow with melted white vaseline or sweet oil retained 
as long as possible, the patient lying on face with hips elevated. Tepid 
sitz bath every other day, fifteen minutes; water tread and arm 
plunge on alternate days. Diet, as to kinds of food, what exx^erience 
has proved to be best ; as to quantity be guided by the construction of 
our dietaries. 

Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation). — Symptoms: 
Fainting spells, severe pains in pelvic nerves, sometimes com- 
plete scaling off of the thick mucous membrane lining the 
womb, pain increasing until it is all expelled by labor-like 
pains. The flow may be scanty, profuse or normal in quantity. 
Six forms. 1. Xeuralgiac, from spinal anaemia. 2. Conges- 
tive, from plethora. 3. Mechanical, from cartilaginous thick- 
ening of the neck of the uterus. 4. Spasmodic contraction of 
the neck. 5. Imperforate hymen preventing its escape. Cause : 
The flow is caused by changes in the lining membrane of the 
uterus, those changes being attended with an influx of blood 
causing tension of the blood vessels. The pain is caused by the 
pressure or by the irritating character of the discharge. 



458 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Treatment : 1. General nutritive, tonic and alterative treatments, 
together with special sexual tonics to increase the nutrition of the 
undeveloped or atrophied genital organs. Saw palmetto three-fourths 
to one teaspoonful three times a day for a long time; mustard four 
drams, lobelia two drams, applied as a hot poultice to the lower spine 
when pain begins. This form of the disease should be suspected if the 
bust be undeveloped, especially with the absence of amative feelings. 
2. Anti-pletlioric diet; excernent treatment according to case; revul- 
sive treatment as needed. 3. Surgical, if suppositories or other appli- 
cations of lobelia fail to relieve. Lobelia suppositories. Three grains 
lobelia seeds mixed with simple cerate and stiffened with pulverized 
gum arabic, and made into a cone. Insert one every six to twelve 
hours into the vagina against the mouth of the uterus, or into the 
bowel after a colon flush has cleansed it. 4. Mag. phos. three grains 
four times a day, or nightly retained enema of No. 22, or tinct. cannabis 
indlca twenty to sixty drops to allay pain. 5. Laceration. 

Some one of these forms should always be suspected when pain 
precedes the discharge. In all cases hot colon flush to unload the 
bowels one or two nights before the flow begins, followed in 1. with a 
retained enema, No. 6, in 4. with retained enema, No. 22, and in 2. 
with vaginal injection of hot water. In any case it there is much heat 
and congestion, ferr. phos. three grains every twenty minutes to two 
hours. If pain is severe, a retained enema of one-half teaspoonful each 
of powdered skull cap and lady's slipper in starch water. In bed with 
heat to feet. Repeat injection every two hours if neuralgia is severe. 
If there is fever not relieved by ferr. phos., add to the retained enema 
a fourth of lobelia herb : Hot fomentations of tansy or wormwood 
over pelvis. Diseased complications treated according to case. 

For profuse and exhaustive discharge, treat as for profuse 
menstruation. 

6. Cases where there is no impediment to the flow, produced by 
diseases of the ovary, gouty, rheumatic tendency, digestive derange- 
ments and the like. In the interval between the periods: Pulsatilla, 
caulophyllum, and podoph ; one medicine each night for three weeks, 
then morning, noon, and night, until time for menses; then if there 
is pain, caul., puis., and cimicifuga, in alternation every one-half hour. 
If there is excessive flow ipecac, and the tincture thirty drops to one- 
half pint of hot water injected into the vagina. If there is constipa- 
tion, mix. in place of puis, in the intermediate treatment. Treat the 
complications : See ovaritis, gout, rheumatism, dyspepsia, etc. If pain 
is very severe, apply extract of belladonna to the neck of the uturus if 
lobelia is not at hand. 

Dyspepsia (chronic defective digestion). — Its several 
varieties may be appropriately named from the particular organ 
or function implicated in each case. Cause: (1.) Supplying 
to the digestive organs at a time more food than they have fer- 
ments to digest it with. (2.) Furnishing the food in so great 
variety that the digestive fluids cannot separate them before 
chemical fermentation begins. (3.) Mingling foods of such 
varying digestibility that the more readily digestible exhausts 
the supply of digesting ferments and leaves the others as an 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 459 

irritating load upon the exhausted organs, and source of chem- 
ical fermentation. " Indigestion is charged by God with enforc- 
ing morality on the stomach." — Tholemyis. (4.) Defective 
innervation of the digestive organs preventing the secretion of 
a proper supply, or deteriorating the quality of the digestive 
fluids. This innervation may be the result of general exhaus- 
tion of nerve vitality, or local because of the blood being habit- 
ually drawn elsewhere. 

A few General Rules for Dyspeptics. — 1. Eat only when the 
previous meal has digested, and the stomach has been well 
rested from the muscular labor involved in the process. 

2. Xo severe exercise, strong emotions, bad temper, or 
great anxiety immediately after a meal, because they divert the 
circulation and nervous energy into other channels. If these 
are unavoidable, fast, or if food is required, take a liquid beef 
preparation or hot milk. 

o. Hearty suppers are consistent only with outdoor life 
and long intervals between meals. 

4. The thorough mastication of all food into a soft pulp 
before it is swallowed is important, with the possible exception 
of fiber-foods in superpepsia. 

5. A wineglassful of ice water will reduce the tempera- 
ture of the stomach thirty degrees, and it will take from one- 
half to three-fourths of an hour before it will recover its natural 
warmth, meantime the progress of digestion will have been 
seriously impeded, and perhaps fermentation set in. Therefore, 
no cold drinks with food, but freely, if desired, between meals. 

Apeptic Dyspepsia.— A deficiency of tlie gastric fluid, or of the 

hydrochloric acid that naturally exists in it. There may be atrophy 

of the mucous membrane of the stomach, or the deficiency may arise 

from carcinoma, or cartarrh of the stomach, or from severe nervous 

depression. 

Treatment : If there be atrophy, treat as for atrophy. If the case be 
simply one of deficient acid, the symptoms are — indigestion; load in 
the stomach; headache; impaired or deranged appetite. Diet: Xo. 20 
taken at two meals, or Xo. 13, taking a portion every two hours for a 
short period only, if at work. Alkalies in contact with acid-secreting 
membranes stimulate the acid secretion. Therefore a mild alkaline 
drink or powder taken just before meals is often effectual. Peptonize 
fiber-foods, because two percent, of pepsin will digest food in one-third 
the time that 0.125 per cent. will. Or muriate of liydrastine and pepsin, 
each one dram, one pint of water, and one of whisky. One tablespoon- 
ful in a glass of hot water after meals. Xo drink with meals. Or nitro- 
muriate acid, three to six drops in a glass of water after meals. Pro- 
tect the teeth. 



460 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

An Acid Form: Apeptic dyspepsia sometimes occurs in which the 
natural lactic acid stage of digestion is unduly prolonged in conse- 
quence of the deficiency of hydrochloric acid; or the lactic acid 
becomes excessive because of the transformation of the grape sugar 
into lactic acid. Symptoms : Acid eructations an hour or more after 
meals, aggravated by milk and sweets. 

Treatment: Supply the deficient hydrochloric acid. Dilute hydro- 
chloric acid one ounce, saccharated pepsin two drams, glycerine six 
ounces, soft water one pint. Dose, one tablespoonful after meals in one- 
fourth glass of water. Hot water one-half pint slowly sipped half an 
hour before meals to stimulate the gastric follicles. Diet without milk. 
No. 51. To neutralize the acidity, make two and one-half grains of 
magnesia into a lozenge with gum arabic, and let it dissolve in the 
mouth. Natram phos. three to six grains, three to six times a day. 
Forty per cent, of brandy, whisky, or gin, extends the period of stomach 
digestion three-fold, while fifty per cent, almost entirely prevents it 
(Roberts.) Thus favoring the formation of the acids of chemical 
fermentation. 

2. Atonic Dyspepsia.— From partial paresis or over-distent ion of 

the walls of the stomach, impairing the muscular tone and debilitating 

the contractions of the organ. Symptoms: hame as Apeptic, with the 

addition of a lifeless feeling of the stomach ; may be sour and contain 

much gas ; tongue pallid, or coated white or yellow. 

Treatment: Avoid stretching the stomach by full meals. Eat con- 
centrated foods like Bovinine, Mosquera's beef meal, eggs, etc. Take 
fluids sparingly. General tonic treatment, hydrastine. A dash of cold 
water against the stomach twice daily. If there be paresis, use capsi- 
cum freely on food, and nutritive treatment as needed. Pepsin to aid 
digestion until improvement is decided. If this be the only form of 
dyspepsia suffered, eat starchy foods, and what nitrogenous foods are 
taken should be in the forms already named. Hot water one-half hour 
before meals to improve the circulation and nutrition of the stomach. 
The thermo-galvanic battery thirty to sixty minutes daily. Mountain 
climbing or sea bathing. Lloyd's hydrastis and water, of each two 
ounces; Tinct. mix vomica, twenty drops; fi. ext. podophyllum, thirty- 
drops. One teaspoonlul before meals. After meals, one teaspoonfiil 
of saccharated pepsin sixty-four grains, glycerine three ounces, water 
five ounces, hydrochloric acid ten drops. 

3. Gastric Dyspepsia.— Chronic irritable condition of the stomach 
with soreness on pressure (chronic gastritis). Sy7nptoms: Appetite lost ; 
habitual thirst; burning; dull pain, often a sickish, distressed feeling; 
may be vomiting; slight feverishness; palms and soles burn; slight 
hectic ; hot, disagreeable breath ; emaciation ; nervous and melancholy* 

Treatment: Revulsive treatment to suit the conditions. Rest, avoid 
worry, sleeplessness, and unventilated rooms. Alterative and tonic 
treatments as fast as the revulsive restores the balance of the circula- 
tion. In general, eat milk, bovinine, soft boiled eggs, toast, etc., but the 
solids should be sparingly used, and most of the food such as is digested 
below the stomach; no more to be eaten at one time than can be 
retained. As soon as digested and the stomach rested, eat again. Rub 
the stomach gently with olive oil morning and evening with the hand 
heated. Keep bowels open with colon flush. Sip a glass of hot water 
an hour before each meal and at bedtime. In bad cases give nutrient 
enemas. Ferr. phos., three grains, three to six times a day, or hydro- 
chloric acid, dilute ten to thirty drops in four ounces of water, two 
teaspoon f'uls every two hours. The remedy is indicated whenever the 
tongue is deep red in color, and is dry and constricted, as these are the 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 461 



signs of undue alkalinity of the blood. A brownish coated tongue also 
requires it. Give a tea of the leaves and bark of last year's peach 
twigs. Diet, Nos. 10 or 14, until very much improved, then Nos. 22, 23, 24 
and 25 in order, if necessary. 

4. Superpepsia, or excessive hydrochloric acid in the gastric 
fluid. Above .4 per cent, or below .08 per cent, is abnormal. Symp- 
toms: Sour stomach immediately after eating without regard to sweets; 
burning and soreness of stomach; may be too quick digestion ; hungry 
before meal time, and must eat or the stomach burns ; but the digestion 
of starchy foods is hindered because the excess of acid neutralizes the 
flow of saliva, and that of fats is deficient because the bile is 
precipitated. 

Treatment: Acids brought in contact with acid-secreting membranes 
decrease the acid secretion. Therefore an acid before meals, nitro- 
hydrochloric acid three to six drops in one-half glass of water. Pro- 
tect the teeth. Alkalies only give temporary relief. Seek to correct all 
abnormal action by hygienic methods. Eat little salt. If the stomach 
burns, protect its membranes by diluting the acid with albuminous 
food or drink rather than by alkalies. Diet: Nos. 20, or 31 or 33, as best 
suits. Pepsin injurious; easily digested foods to be avoided. 

5. Apancreatic Dyspepsia, deficient pancreatic secretion.— Symp- 
toms: Not generally constipated; gas in colon increased by eating 
milk, fats and starchy foods ; bloat just below the stomach; may be 
pain in colon or small intestines, usually an hour or more after eating; 
may be palpitation or heart pain from gas pressure ; headache ; irrita- 
bility, etc. 

Treatment : It is doubtful whether this secretion is often deficient 
except as the result of some general derangement of the system, or as 
a local effect from the action of poisons resulting from constipation. 
Therefore, correct the general abnormality, and especially remove 
inaction of the bowels by full colon flushes of hot water. Berberine 
(alk.) one-sixth to three "grains before meals as a stimulant to the 
gland, or sulphuric ether for the same purpose, ten drops in water. 
One to four grains of pancreatin in capsule one-half to one hour after 
each meal to aid digestion. Diet No. 33, or peroxide of hydrogen (Oak- 
land Chemical Co's.,) one teaspoonfui in water after meals. In general 
reduce the starches, peptonize the proteids and panceatinize the fats. 
The pancreatic digestion of starch is prohibited by twenty per cent, 
of alcoholic drink. (Roberts.) Therefore avoid them. 

6. Abiliary Dyspepsia, from deficient bile.— Symptoms: Consti- 
pation from dryness of the membranes of the bowels, and deficient 
peristaltic stimulation; may be alternated with diarrhoea; flatulence 
from decomposition because of lack of the anti-septic action of the 
bile; liver symptoms predominate, sleej)y, bad taste mornings, food 
regurgitates, heartburn, furred tongue, loss of appetite; headache; 
pain in region of liver; stools clay colored, or hard, and may be lumpy 
and almost black. 

Treatment: Liver pack thirty minutes daily of water, one-fourth 
cider vinegar. Alterative treatment as needed. Papoid one dram, 
podophyllum two grains, hydrastine two grains, extract hyosciamus 
one scruple. Make into twenty pills, and take one before each meal, 
or purified ox-gall five to ten grains after each meal and keep bowels 
open with hot colon flush. Extract of butternut bark freely. Discrim- 



462 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ination must be made between deficient secretion of bile and sufficient 
secretion held back by clogged gall ducts. The following medicines 
increase the secretion : Dandelion, yellow parilla, blue Hag and 
podophyllum in small doses; chionantlms, sanguinarin, leptandrin? 
euonymus. 

The following open the gall-ducts : Chionanthus, butternut, purified ox-gall, 
yellow parilla, blue flag and podophyllum in larger doses; phytolaccin, sanguin- 
arin, bitter root, euonymus. With these at hand there is no excuse whatever for 
the use of the dangerous mercurials in any form in liver troubles. What some of 
these, in conjunction with the colon flush, cannot safely do, cannot be done by the 
murderous calomel. 

7. Duodenal Dyspepsia (catarrhal).— Both pancreatic and bile 
secretions defective, and having the symptoms of both probably inten- 
sified. Symptoms: Tongue coated, bad taste in the morning, may be 
fetid breath, urine high colored or clouded; sweets and starches cause 
bloating and pain; palpitation or heart pain from upward pressure of 
gas. Heartburn from the acrid fumes of butyric acid. 

Treatment: Foods that are mainly digested in the stomach— meat, 
fish, eggs and milk. Two meals a day. See treatment for catarrh. 
Hydrogen peroxide, one teaspoonful after meais. Wear abdominal 
compress several hours daily. Asofoetida two grains three times a 
day for flatulence, or oil of cajeput five to twenty drops on sugar. 
Papoid after meals, three to five grains ; if there is acidity, add soda 
bicarbonate ten grains. 

Or, one to three pancrobilin pills after meals, or five to ten grains of purified 
ox-gall. Five grains of sub-gallate of bismuth after meals sometimes effective 
when other remedies fail. One teaspoonful a day of creosote carbonate is very 
efficient, but medicines must not be expected to take the place of the hygienic 
measures advised for the general catarrhal condition. With much wind- pain, 
Lloyd's hydrastis one ounce, tincture dioscorea three drains, tincture podo- 
phyllum one dram, water two ounces. A teaspoonful every four hours, or Lloyd's 
hydrastis four ounces, bismuth subnitrate two drains, lactopeptin four drams, 
tincture podophyllum two drams, water to make one pint. One teaspoonful 
before and after meals. If there be bloating, belching and cramps— an emetic of 
lukewarm water, then three doses of podophyilin one-fiftieth to one-eighth grain 
one hour apart, then a dose night and morning for a month or more. If the tongue 
be dirty white, a full dose of phosphate of soda, followed by one-fourth dose 
every second day for three times, then eat it on food in place of salt. 

Diet: No. 19, or 24, or 34 as best may agree. The force foods should 
be in the form of rice and cooked fruits. When there is flatulence, the 
vise of ale and beer increase it, because of the quantity of fixed air in 
them, and also because the yeast in them aids the fermentation of the 
food. 

8. Intestinal Dyspepsia. — Deficient intestinal secretion, or 

catarrhal condition of bowels with diminished normal absorption. 

Symptoms: Lack of nutrition and bowel disturbance of various sorts. 

Treatment : Rub the bowels twice a day with a tincture of smart- 
weed and sassafras, made as follows: Mix a strong tea of sassafras 
bark with an equal part of a tea of smartweed, made by infusing it 
twenty minutes in a covered vessel of half vinegar and half water; do 
not boil. Body pack twice a week; water tread daily; colon flush 
three times a week; catarrhal treatment, alterative and tonic treat- 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 463 

ments as needed. Berberis a qui folium fl. extract fifteen drops in 
water, or hydrastine (alk.) one-sixth to one-half grain, or cascara sag- 
ruda fl. extract ten to thirty drops in water, or emetine (alk.) one- 
one-hundred-thirty-fourth to one-sixty-seventh grain to increase the 
intestinal secretions. 

Avoid starches and sweets until cured; use glycerine for sweetenings. One 
to three pancrohilin pills, or ox-gall purified five to ten grains, before meals; 
boneset and red raspberrydeaf tea, and red pepper freely on food; papoid or 
peptenzyme, or ingluvin as a digestant. A glass of hot water before rising, retir- 
ing and before dinner and supper, followed by the ball rolling over the stomach 
and bowels for five minutes. Finish five to ten minutes before the meal. Pan- 
creatinize milk and avoid malt preparations and cane sugar. Diet No. 25 or 31. 

9. Complete Dyspepsia, stomach, duodenal and intestinal.— 

Symptoms: A combination of all the foregoing dyspepsias excluding 

the necessary absence of those arising from opposite conditions, e. g. t 

if there is deficient gastric acid, there cannot at the same time, be an 

excess of it. 

Treat as for anaemia as far as its want of assimilation requires. 
Treat as for catarrh when catarrhal symptoms prevail; as for neuras- 
thenia and nervous debility when their symptoms are prominent; as 
for the individual dyspepsias, when their symptoms are pronounced. 
Papoid one-half dram, pancreatin one-half dram, soda-bicarbonate 
two drams, made into twelve powders; one after each meal, or papoid 
and soda bicarbonate, one or two tablets after meals, as digestants. 
The thermo-galvanic battery thirty to sixty minutes daily. 

Molecular Dyspepsia, from ulcerous or cancerous affections of the 
stomach. — Treat the ulcers or cancer. Diets Xo. 5 to 13 as preferred, or 
No. 17 if required. 

Nervous Dyspepsia, deficient nervous energy to excite the secre- 
tion of the digestive fluids.— May manifest itself in any of the forms 
of dyspepsia named, except superpepsia. Stop all drains upon the 
nervous system by overwork, anxiety, care, sexual excesses, tobacco, 
chloral, morphine, etc. Sleep much and once in the daytime, but not 
after meals. Rest often; live in the open air. Treat for nervous 
debility and the particular dyspepsia concerned. 

Bouliinic Dyspepsia,— An unnatural, craving appetite from a per- 
version of the natural appetite for food.— Differs from the craving of 
superpepsia in that it does not express a real need, and is a symptom 
only of some form of dyspepsia. Calc. fleur, three grains three to 
five times a day. Ascertain the variety to which it belongs and treat 
that. 

Dyspnoea (Difficult breathing). — Symptomatic in asthma, 
bronchitis, pneumonia, consumption, etc. Fl. extract of 
quebracho two and one-half drams, mucilage of gum arabic one 
ounce, soft water five ounces. One to two teaspoonfuls a day 
regularly. Fifteen to forty drops of fl. extract when the diffi- 
culty occurs: or. aspidospermine (alk. from quebracho), one- 



464 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



twelfth grain every fifteen minutes until relieved ; or terebene 
fifteen drops every four hours ; may be increased. 

Ear Diseases. — 

Earache. — Hot foot bath, and dry heat to the ear. Hop 
bag wrung out of hot water and applied, or bran bag heated in 
the oven and applied. The heart of a roasted onion placed hot 
in the outer ear ; tobacco smoke blown from the stem end of a 
pipe into the ear ; should not be used often nor for a long time. 




FIG. 65. 

M, Concha, outer ear; G, External auditory meatus; T, Tympanis or drum 
membrane; T, Cavity. From T to o is the chain of tympanic bones; R, 
Eustachian tube; V-B-S, Bony labyrinth; V, Vestibule ; B, Semicircular canal ; 8, 
Cochlea; b, s, s, Membraneous semicircular canal and vestibule; A, Auditory 
nerve dividing into branches for vestibule, semicircular canal, and cochlea. 

If there are evidences of inflammation, revulsive method 
average to very strong as needed. Hardening method suited 
to the case to protect against other attacks. For burning, 
throbbing pain, ferrum, phos. Purely nervous, mag. phos. 
Head vapor. One part of menthol in twenty parts of oil of 
sweet almonds often brings almost instantaneous relief when 
dropped in the ear. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 465 

Homeopathic: If the ear is red or that side of head is hot, bell, and 
baptisia in alternation, every hour or less, and the head steamed or 
fomented. If chronic and occurs on change of weather, especially if 
worse at night in bed, mere. If from shock or blow, arnica. 

Deafness : Impairment of the sense of hearing may come from : 1. 
Stoppage of the eustachian tube, the function of which is to admit the 
air to the back of the ear drum (see R, Fig. 65), just as the orifice in a 
military drum admits air to its interior and thus makes the head reso- 
nant when it is struck. If that be stopped the sound is dead. So with 
the ear. See Fig. 65, F. 

2. Thickening of the drum diminishes the sharpness of its vibra- 
tions, and thus prevents the transfer of the sound to the tiny bones 
within the tym panic cavity (the inner ear). See T to o Fig. 65. 




FIG. 66. 

Tympanic cavity C C\ and its bones considerably magnified; G, the inner end 
of the external auditory meatus, closed internally by the conical tympanic mem- 
brane ; Z, the malleus or hammer bone ; H, the incus, or anvil bone ; S, the stapes 
or stirrup bone. 

3. The mobility of the chain of bones designed to convey the sound 
to the auditory- nerve may be diminished by inflammation, or even the 
bones themselves destroyed by ulceration. See L, H, S, Fig. 66. 

4. The sensibility of the auditory nerve may be impaired by over- 
strained nervous conditions or extinguished by local paralysis. See 
A, Fig. 65. 

Treatment : 1. Head vapor. Force the air through the tube by hold- 
ing the nose, closing the mouth and blowing until a crackling noise 
or sense of pressure in the ear shows that the air has penetrated. Deaf 
ness from swollen eustachian tubes, kali. lnur. For swollen glands or 
membranes of the throat or ear, the same. 

30 



466 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

2. Head vapor once a week. Head ablution daily with very careful 
drying of the hair. Two or three drops of pure mullein oil dropped 
upon the drum twice a day. 

3. Same as 2, with daily water tread. Mustard back of ears. With 
swelling of the cavity, kali, sulph. With swollen cavities and watery 
discharge, natr. mur. 

4. Improve nervous condition. If paralysis, treat as such. Deaf- 
ness from weak auditory nerve, magna, phos. With noise in ear from 
nervous exhaustion, kali. phos. 

Ear, Foreign Substances in. — Place the pipe of a 

tightly working syringe against the substance and draw back 

the piston so as to suck the object firmly as the syringe is 

withdrawn. 

To poultice the ear, first fill the external auditory canal (see G, 

Fig. 65), with lukewarm water, the head resting on the unaffected side 

upon the pillow. Then a large flaxseed poultice is applied over the ear 

as hot as can be borne. The column of water is thus kept warm and 

acts as a conductor of heat between the poultice and the inflamed 

surface. 

Ulceration: Pus, dirty, yellow, offensive, kali phos. With thin yel- 
low, watery matter, kali, sulph. With swollen glands in scrofulous- 
children calc. phos. Discharge of thick and sometimes bloody matter,, 
calc. sul. General remedy : Mullein oil three or four drops twice a day 
in the ear. 

Ear, Wax in. — Pure peroxide of hydrogen warmed in a 
water bath sprayed into the ear for about five minutes ; remove 
with ear-spoon; cleanse with a little more of the spray; or 
boric acid fifty-five grains, -glycerine one and one-half ounce, 
distilled water one and one-half ounce. Warm and drop into 
the ear with a pipette, several times a day. This softens the 
waxy secretion which can then be removed by syringing with 
warm water. 

Eczema. — See skin diseases. 

Elephantiasis. — See skin diseases. 

Elevator Dizziness. — Brought on by the stoppage of 
the elevator car. Place the head and shoulders against the car 
frame. 

Emaciation. — When not due to fatal organic disease, 
may usually be corrected by a diet of kumys or kaffir. 
Kaffir ferment for home manufacture may be had of any whole- 
sale druggist. 

Embolism; a thick, clotty condition of the blood; Cause: malarial 
or other poisons, non-aeration of the blood, defective action of the 
liver, skin, congestion of the lungs, and disease of the supra-renal 



DISEASES AXI) THEIR TREATMENT. 467 

Capsules. Symptoms: Blueness of the ears, nose, lips, nails, peculiar 
sensations about the heart, fainting fits, etc., etc.; the bacillus indican 
in the blood. Treatment: Avoid iron and mineral acids. Carbonate of 
ammonia five grains with bicarbonate of potassa five to ten grains 
every two hours. Oxygen freely. 

Empyema. — See pleurisy, chronic. 

Emphysema. — Dilatation and may be coalescence of 
the air cells of the lungs. This is vesicular, while inter-lobular 
is an infiltration of air into the tissues of the lungs. Caust : 
Inter-lobular ; violent coughing, or straining, or puncture of 
the lungs. Vesicular; bronchitis, impaired nutrition, pneu- 
monia, consumption, pleurisy, excessive strains. Symptoms :■ 
Debility, short and difficult breathing, distress, feeble expec- 
toration of frothy spittle, dusky countenance, weak voice. 
loss of flesh and strength, temperature eighty-five degrees^ pulse 
fifty to sixty, respiration about twelve, constipation, asthma, 
barrel-shaped chest, slight movement of the intercostal muscles 
in breathing. 

Treatment : Mainly palliative in the inter-lobular form. No severe 
muscular efforts, or strained inspiration or expiration; warm flannel 
clothing; generous proteid diet; open air life; avoid overloading 
stomach. Medical : One grain each of lobelia, quinine, and hyosciamus, 
three times daily; quebracho for the difficult breathing; Hensel's toni- 
cirm as an iron tonic ; climate as for chronic bronchitis or asthma. 

Endocarditis, Acute (inflammation of the lining mem- 
brane of the heart). — Symptoms : Palpitation, dyspnoea and pain. 
Pulse increased and is full and strong. May have fever. 
Face flushed and looks anxious. Respiration is accelerated. 
May have anorexia and gastric disturbances. Chronic dys- 
pnoea on exertion, also palpitation. Pain of a piercing charac- 
ter occasionally. Headache, pain in shoulders, and over body. 
Digestion disturbed. Heart's action irregular. Skin may be 
bluish : chronic congestion of liver, spleen, and kidneys. 

Cause: Acute — Infective from emboli as in rheumatism, tuberculosis, 
blood poison, etc. Chronic — May follow the acute, or recurrent attacks 
«f rheumatism arthritis deforinaus. From repeated irritations, as 
use of alcohol, nicotine, tobacco in excess, poison of syphilis or immod- 
erate muscular exercise. It may follow chronic inflammation of the 
kidneys. 

Treatment: Perfed rest of mind and body; diet nutritious ; ascertain 
and treat the cause; flannel clothing; avoid all causes of nervous 
debility and all stimulation ; protect surface from cold ; passiflora incar- 
nata as a sedative, revulsive treatment as needed. 



468 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Enlarged Veins. — See pregnancy. 

Enteritis (inflammation of the large intestines).— Cause: 
Uterine disease ; nervous states ; local irritations. Symptoms : 
Depression, headache, hysteria, colic pains around the navel, 
worse by pressure, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, rigors, fever, 
pinched features, buff-coated tongue, and great restlessness and 
prostration. 

Muco-enteritis : Inflammation of the mucous coat alone, with 
diarrhoea. Treat as for enteritis. 

Peritoneal and Muscular Coat Inflamed : Obstinate constipation, 
patient on back, knees drawn up, delirium, vomiting highly offensive 
matter. 

Treatment: First, a cleansing colon flush followed by the elm bark 
mucilage, as for dysentery, cool or cold. Repeat as often as fever or 
pain increases. Cool compress on abdomen; feet wrapped in flannel, 
wet in vinegar and water, covered warmly, re-wet as often as dry^ 
arms and chest sponged often to keep down fever; cold water as often 
as desired in small quantities ; or 

Medical: Turpentine over the abdomen; and water four ounces, 
tinct. of aconite thirty drops, tinct. of white bryonia one dram. Mix. 
One teaspoonful every hour until relieved. Warm water enemas with 
twenty to thirty drops of laudanum in each. 

Homeopathic: Aconite, arsenicum and baptisia in rotation every 
one-half hour until better, then at longer intervals. Drink frequently 
and copiously of hot water. If vomiting is severe, bowels loose, and 
pain burning, tart, emetic; cold wet cloths covered with two or three 
thicknesses of warm, dry flannel over whole abdomen, and heat to feet. 
After the acute inflammation has subsided, open the bowels with injec- 
tion, or with mix three times a day. 

Chronic Enteritis : Usually located in a single spot, indicated by 
soreness. Pure mucous stools indicate the sigmoid flexure as the loca- 
tion. Hardened lumps in mucous point to the colon as the seat of the 
disease. 

Treatment: Sitz bath every other night; chest and abdomen ablu- 
tion with water and vinegar twice a day ; the elm bark mucilage enema 
two or th ree times a week. Medical : Virginia stone crop in alternation 
with aromatic sulphuric acid and compound tincture of chinchona. 

Enteralgia (neuralgia of the intestines). — Cause: Irri- 
tants, improper food, hardened f ceces, foreign bodies, flatulence, 
cold, cathartics, reflex irritation, lead, copper, etc. Symptoms: 
Griping about umbilicus, hands on abdomen, vomiting, eructa- 
tions of gas, pulse small and weak, surface cool, abdomen hard 
or retracted, rarely tender, urine abundant and pale. Treat- 
merit : Remove cause ; caecal flush of valerian or scullcap tea ; 
bowel fomentation of hops, and see neuralgia. 

Enteric Fever. — See fevers. 

Entozoa. — See worms. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 469 

Epilepsy (falling sickness). — Paroxysmal convulsions, 
"usually preceded by nervousness, confusion, drowsiness, cold- 
ness, griping, flash of light or some other disorder. Cause : 
Intemperance of parents, anything that can cause a weakened 
patch of brain structure; immediate cause may be a reflex irri- 
tation from worms, piles, masturbation, uterine derangement. 
or a direct irritation from a germ in the blood. 

Symptoms: Epileptic cry, head thrown back, hands clinched, first 
pallor, then a dusky look caused by contraction of the chest muscles 
obstructing respiration, then intermittent twitching and contrac- 
tions, especially of the face, eyes roll, tongue maybe bitten, mouth 
troths, breathing is noisy, then follows a deep sleep that may last for 
hours. Treatment: Loosen clothing; protect the tongue by placing 
a cork between the teeth; hot lobelia enema; remove the cause; gen- 
eral alterative and tonic methods; sambul in alternation with large 
doses of passiflora incarnata to keep off the fits; tinct. of oats and aro- 
matic phosphates to repair the brain lesion ; compound oxygen to keep 
nerves un excitable ; diet suited to the constitutional requirements. 

Enuresis: Incontinence of f>i«c may be first, from nervous weak- 
ness of the sphincter muscle; second, irritation of the lining mem- 
brane of the bladder; third, reflex irritation from worms, etc. 

Treatment : First, for nerves, kali. phos. Second, irritability of the 
«-oat, ferrum phos. Third, reflex irritation, natr. phos. Rhus aromatica 
five to fifteen drops three or four times a day. Child should empty 
bladder before retiring. If the trouble persists, notice whether it 
occurs at about the same hour; if so, arouse him with an alarm clock 
the hour before for the purpose of urination. Every night set the clock 
a little later. See that his feet are warm on retiring, and never allow 
him to get into a very cold bed, nor drink much late in the day. Enure- 
sis-sennile: Fluid extract of rhus aromatica twenty drops in water 
four times a day. Electrical treatment for children: Positive at the 
feet and treat all over; then positive at the small of the back and 
negative on the perineum, pubes and genitals three or five minutes, 
three or four times a week. 

Epistaxis (bleeding from the nose). — To prevent — head 
ablution, and upper shower three times a week. To stop — 
.press a clothespin down astride the nose. Put a cold cloth to 
the base of the brain. Raise the arms above the head. Spray 
a solution of perchloride of iron tip the nostrils, or pack them 
with cotton saturated with it. Spray far back with peroxide 
of hydrogen. With throbbing temples and red face and eyes, 
bell. 

With fever, alternate aconite witli the bell. In females and chil- 
dren with habitual nosebleed, puis, and pod. alternated night and 
morning. To stop the bleeding, arnica every one-half hour, or hania- 
melis. If caused by over-exertion, rhus. Id late stage of fever, rhus. 
and phos. 



470 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Erysipelas (an infectious and contagious inflammation 
of the skin and cellular tissue beneath). — Cause: Damp, dirty, 
ill-ventilated dwellings, local injury, anything that can throw 
out of the blood a portion of the organic matters designed to 
build tissues. These organic matters under such conditions, 
become non-functional, foreign, irritative, and break down into 
the microbe streptococcus. Symptoms : Chilliness, loss of appe- 
tite, muscular pains, restlessness, fever, oppressed respiration. 
Inflamed skin, usually bright red, sometimes yellowish, or 
pinkish, and puffy. Body hot and dry, tongue coated, stools 
often green, small vesicles often on skin. 

Acute : With heat, redness, fever and pain, ferrum phos. With ves- 
icles, kali mur. in alternation with ferr. phos. With blisters, kali 
sulph. With smooth, red, shiny, tingling, or painful swelling, natr. 
phos. 

Homeopathic : For the simple, bell, and aconite in alternation. For 
the vesicular, rims tox and bell, in alternation. For phlegmonous 
(when the cellular tissue is involved), bell., rhus. and apis mel. one hour 
apart. Cover with dry flour, eat sparingly, keep temperature at sixty- 
five to seventy degrees. 

Germicidal : Keep constantly wet with a saturated solution of bore- 
glyceride covered with oiled silk. Internally, brewer's yeast, resorcia 
five grains three times a day; or ichtliyol one dram to the ounce of 
soft water, painted on every four hours. 

Or, paint over and around the infected area ichthyol, two drams, 
ether two drams, collodion four drams. Many times fomentations of 
lobelia, or a poultice of cranberries and powdered elm or flour, or of 
dried hop yeast will cure. The eruption may be limited by bounding 
it with tiiiet. of iodine, nitrate of silver, or a narrow strip of fly blis- 
ter. Dr. H. Kraell (Therapeutische Monatsch), encircles the head with 
an elastic band to be retained at the edge of the hair until the swelling 
and bluish-red color have disappeared from this artificial border, and 
thus prevents infection of the scalp. 

Erythema, — See skin diseases. 

Eyes, Diseases of. — For blindness from disease of- 
retina, see amaurosis. For dim, red edged, discharging, a 
pinch of aloe powder in a cup of hot water; stand till cool and 
wash eyes within and without three or four times a day. 

Granular Lids : Pulverize sixteen Jequirity beans and stand 
twenty-four hours in eight ounces of water. Then add eight ounces of 
hot water, cool and filter at once. Brush on inner surface of lids. — De 
Wecker. This is severe, but effective. A milder way is to drop into the 
eyes twice a day peroxide of hydrogen in an equal part of distillation 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 



471 



of witch-hazel. Or, tinct. of iodide of potassa five to twenty-five drops 

to the ounce of clean rain water. Must not be strong enough to inflame. 
Ectropion and Entropion : The former is eversion of the eyelids, 
so that they do not close; the latter a turning in of the lids; both affec- 
tions are usually the result of effusion of lymph. Apply boroglyceride 

paste to the lid daily. If this does not relieve consult a surgeon. 



Inflammation of the Cornea (Keratitis): Nearly one-half of all eve dis- 
tlect the cornea. Very important because if its transparency or 
wrvature is modified, the vision is impaired. See Fig 67 Inflamma- 
tion or ulceration Symptoms : Dull, deep seated pain in the eve, intol- 
eranee ot light, abundant tears, minute blood vessels in edjie of cornea 
and in sclerotic coat. See Fig. 67. Treatment: Build up the general 



TENDON OF RECTOS 




CH.IARY PROCESSES 
CIRCULAR 5 N.5 

CAHAL OF PETIT 



FIG. 67. SECTION OF AX EYEBALL. 

health. Protect the eye from all light that pains, dnst, wind, tobacco 
smoke, etc. Desist from use on near-by objects. Revulsive method 
strong or very strong. 

Inflammation of forma (Phlyctenular Keratitis): Scrofulous keratitis ■ 
Minute bladders on the eyes of poorly fed children. Are soon covered' 
with blood vessels, or change to ulcers with swelling of lids and intol- 
erance ot light. The discharge differs from that of ophthalmia (which 
m that it is water, not matter. 

treatment: Same as keratitis, with the addition of alterative and 
tonic methods strong as case will bear. Keratitis syphilitic: When one 
or both parents are syphilitic, the children may Inherit the disease of 
the cornea. Treatment : As for syphilis inflammation. 

Ophthalmia, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye— 
pink eye, acute conjunctivitis.— Contagions and infections. Symp- 
toms: Redness, intolerance ( >f light, sensation of sand in ihe eve 
muco «>r sero-pumlent discharge. Cause: Colds, wet. irritating snb- 
stances, excessive nse. Treatment: Real Hie eye; protect it from all 
light that pams or gives uneasy sensations, (old dripping compress 



472 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



very thin. Avoid poultices; revulsive treatment average to very 
strong. At the beginning a head vapor, followed a few hours later by 
a hot foot bath, will cut short the attack. 

Medical: Lloyd's hydrastis four drams, Lloyd's belladonna twenty drops, 

distilled water three and one-half ounces. Apply on absorbent cotton, and three 

times a day drop into the eye three drops of Lloyd's hydrastis four drams, Lloyd's 

ergot one dram, distilled water three and one-half ounces. Clean rain water may 

be used in place of distilled water. Chronic : Lobelia and golden seal tea, three 

or four drops in the eye three or four times a day. 

Infantile Ophthalmia: Usually begins from two to four days after 
birth. Cause: Cold, light, irritating soaps or some secretion from the 
skin. Symptoms: Spasmodic closure of lids, lids stick together, hard 
crusts on edge of lids and conjuctiva swollen full with transparent, 
yellowish colored serum and mucous; later muco-purulent matter. 
Treatment: Great care lest the pus inoculate the other eye; darken 
the room; open bowels with enemas; control fever with spongings 
and packs; wash out the eye every hour with a saturated solution of 
boroglyceride, and keep same applied all the time; drop into the eye 
three or four drops of a solution of atropia after each washing, two- 
grains to one ounce of water. If improvement does not occur immedi- 
ately, call physician. 

Purulent Ophthalmia: Cause: Overcrowding in workshops, jails, 
etc. Symptoms: Same as simple ophthalmia, with profuse muco- 
purulent discharge, prostration, rigors, violent fever, agonizing pain r 
great swelling, if not arrested, extensive sloughing. Treatment: Bed 
in well ventilated, dark, disinfected room ; boroglyceride and atropia 
as for infantile; cooling method, average to very strong; colon flush; 
diaphoretic method, average to strong; quinine three to five grains 
every four hours; nutritive treatment strong; sulphonal enough to 
insure sleep at bedtime; blisters to the nape of the neck; alterative 
and tonic treatment in convalescence. In purulent ophthalmia: Dis- 
charge yellowish green, give kali mur. Golden yellow cream, natr. 
phos. ; white, kali mur; yellow, purulent, kali sal.; thick yellow pus r 
calc. sul., silica. 

Gonorrheal Ophthalmia: Cause: Inoculation. Treatment: Same 
as for purulent, only more prompt and heroic. 

Tubercular Ophthalmia: Common from first to tenth year. Symp- 
toms: No soreness, sensations of sand, nor purulent discharge^ but 
great intolerance of light, spasmodic contractions of lids, secretion 
of hot tears. Treatment: Protect with green shade; keep applied a 
wash of salt water strong enough to barely feel it; frequently destroy 
the cloths; emetic twice a week for six weeks of half teaspoon fill of 
the wine of ipecac every five minutes until thorough vomiting, after 
drinking freely of tepid bicarbonate of potassa water; flannel cloth- 
ing; bowels kept open with flushes; nutritive diet; alterative and 
tonic treatment as needed. 

Granular Ophthalmia: Inflamed mucous follicles like grains of sago. 
Treatment : Alterative and tonic locally ; solutions of iodide of potassa 
five to twenty-five grains to the ounce, brushed over the eye; must not 
be strong enough to produce irritation; nutritive treatment; warm 
clothing. 

Rheumatic Ophthalmia: The bacillus amylobacta of rheumatism 
lodging in the sclerotic coat of the eye. Symptoms: Sharp lancinat- 
ing pains in eye and side of head; fever, white of the eye a pale red. 
intolerance of light, contracted pupil, dim vision, watery or serous 
discharge, no sensations of sand, soreness, rawness, nor muco-purulent 
discharge; always worse at night. Treatment: General as for rheu- 
matism; atropia solution morning and night; warm bag of camo- 
mile flowers applied dry to the eye. 

Exhaustion. — Recumbent position, warmth. Hot milk, 
hot coffee, hot beef tea if nutrition is good, if not, hot nutri- 
tive beef tea, or beef cacao; or clam broth followed with egg 
coffee. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 473 

Foeces, Impacted. — Cause: Old age, paralysis, seden- 
tary habits and neglect of defecation, deficiency of rectal mucus- 
Symptoms: Uneasiness and distention of rectum with inability 
to expel its contents. Treatment: Injections of warm flax- 
seed tea and oil, or of warm glycerine. Xot successful, dilate 
the sphincter and break up the mass with an iron spoon handle 
and repeat the enemas. Give them in knee chest position, or 
with hips elevated. 

Fainting' (swooning, syncope, sudden overwhelming 
depression of the hearts action, by reason of which the blood 
is not sent to the brain, and consciousness is lost). — Cause: 
Anything that arrests the contraction of the heart, lack of 
blood in hemorrhage, poisons, excess of emotion of any kind, 
lightning, blows on pit of stomach, even the association of 
painful ideas, and particular idiosyncrasies, as from the fra- 
grance of the rose, etc. Treatment : Lie on back, head lower 
than heart, loosen dress about the chest, dash cold water into 
the face, slap chest over heart, apply weak ammonia to nostrils, 
and if unsuccessful give an enema of four tablespoonf uls of hot 
whisky or brandy in as much water. 

Falling- Sickness. — See epilepsy. 

Farcy and Glanders. — A malignant, contagious 
microbial disease called glanders when confined to the nose, 
and farcy when the lymphatics are infiltrated. (Exists as an 
epidemic under the name epizooty.) Cause : Unsanitary con- 
ditions and infection. 

Symptoms : Farcy.— A spreading ulcer with a Laid base and a 
crop of smaller ulcers close by, langour, dibility, rigors, fever, glands- 
swell. Glanders.— Secretion of a thin, tough mucus, followed by swell- 
ing and redness, then pustules, ulceration of the skin, nasal cartilages- 
and bones. Death occurs from pyaemia and exhaustion. 

Treatment: The same for man or horse. Douche the nostrils three 
times a day with peroxide of hydrogen, full strength or half water, 
and give teaspoonful doses every four hours to a man. Open enlarged 
and painful glands, and syringe with the peroxide and dress with 
glycozone. 

Favus. — See skin diseases. 

Feet, Blistered. — Rub the blistered spot gently for 
some time on retiring with spirits mixed with tallow dropped 
from a candle into the palm of the hand. Or, take common 



474 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



baking soda, dampen the surface of the blister, and apply fre- 
quently during the day. To prevent, bathe the feet a few 
minutes only every evening, wipe and rub in neat's-foot oil. 

Feet, Frosted (see chillblain). — Acid carbolic one 
dram, tincture iodine two drams, acid tannic one ounce, simple 
ointment four ounces ; mix. Apply twice a day 




FIG. 08. 

Feet, Perspiring- — Daily water tread; barefoot as 
much as practicable ; wash daily with a strong tea of oak bark ; 
avoid clothing the feet too warmly. 

Feet, Malodorous. — Shirt wrap twice a week, daily 
sponge bath and water tread ; wrap the feet every night for 
one-half hour in bandages wrung out of hot hay or oat straw 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 475 

tea. with cold ablution afterward. Dust a very little menthy- 
mos in the stockings. Or, bathe the feet with equal parts of 
peroxide of hydrogen and water, and take one-hall teaspoonful 
three times a day until cured. 

Feet, Tender. — Treat as for perspiring feet. Wear 
hygienic shoes as in figures 68. D Fshow soles of the "Meyer" 
-hoe. it represents the axis of an ordinary shoe, s that of the 
-•Meyer" shoe, while the dotted line is the same shoe with a 
broader toe. C is a foot nearly normal, but M shows that 
the axis of the toe does not correspond with the axis of the 
foot as it should. A and B are ordinary distortions of the 




FIG. 69. 

ieet. The dotted line in A shows how great is the divergence 
from the correct form. Fig 69 outlines a pair of soles suitable 
for the relief of bunions. 

Nails Ingrowing: Causes: Too narrow shoes and faulty manner 
of cutting the nails. The nail is bent down at its edge and the flesh 
crowded up over the nail. Inflames, enlarges and ulcerates. Treat- 
Widen the shoe, leave the nail uncut, stuff a little cotton under 
;t- edge and apply water dressing. If ulcerated treat as for ulcer, 
which see. 

Felons: A simple localized periostitis. Cause: Generally the 
r^-ult of an injury, a blow of some kind. Symptoms: Acute throbbing 
pain, worse at night. If the bone is superficial, there will be redness 
heat and swelling, and if suppuration oceurs, fluctuative. Treatment: 
First stage ferrum phos.. later, silicea. Wrap the part in three thick- 



476 THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 

nesses of linen clipped in cold mullein tea, or tea of hay flowers, 

Repeat as soon as it begins to warm. 

Or roast poke root in hot ashes. When soft, pound it and form a 
poultice with hot water, or make one of equal quantities of elm bark 
and lobelia; add enough hot, weak lye to form a poultice. Or, take of 
grated wild turnip about the size of a bean, saturate it with turpentine 
and apply. Allow to remain about twelve hours, then dress with a 
healing salve. Or, in first stage, when feeling as if a sliver were in the 
place, a hot bath of the part for an hour, three times a day in a satu- 
rated solution of table salt, then apply finely pulverized salt, and keep 
wet withspts. of turpentine. If it suppurates, open, continue the hot 
bath with calendula (marigold) flowers in the water. For restlessness 
and irritability, aconite one drop in a gill of water, a teaspoonful 
every one or two hours, and the same applied to the sore. 

Fever Sore (cold sore). — See herpes in skin diseases. 

Fever Sore. — See nicer, old. 

Fever. — An effort of nature to expel fonl matters from 
the blood, usually attended with irritation of the nerve centers. 
Blood vessels of skin distended, chemical changes very active, 
blood dark and with little oxygen, and when temperature 
reaches 109.4°, molecular decomposition occurs. A high degree 
of fever causes muscular tissue, especially the voluntary muscles 
and the muscular coats of the blood vessels, to undergo fatty 
and granular change. Same effect on the liver and kidneys- 
The oxygen-carrying functions of the red blood corpuscles 
become impaired, waste elements accumulate in the blood, 
until from the suppressed secretions it becomes a toxic, rather 
than a nutrient fluid. 

Symptoms: Languor, debility, frequent pulse and respiration, high 
temperature and pain. The key of all treatment is found in the fact 
that fever indicates an expulsive effort of nature; therefore correct 
treatment consists in aiding those efforts by cool spongings of the sur. 
face, cool compress over abdomen and chest changed every three to 
five minutes, frequent cool packs, cold water drinking, and cleansing- 
enema, followed by siphon enemas; this consists in injecting from a 
fountain syringe into the bowels from one pint to a quart or more of 
water at seventy to eighty-five degrees, retaining for five or ten min- 
utes, then lowering the reservoir of the syringe to the level of the floor 
and thus allowing it to pass out without the necessity of using the bed- 
pan. Repeat until six to eight quarts of water have been used, then 
an interval of rest for a half -hour or hour, and then repeat again. 
Should this cause chilliness while the fever is still high, apply a hot 
pack or fomentation to the spine or pit of the stomach. See cooling 
treatment, average to very strong. Excernent method as needed. 
General diet: Milk and seltzer water, clabbered milk, clam broth, bar- 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 477 

ley water, tamarind water, lemonade, current jelly water, toast water- 
cracker gruel ; liquid diets, Xos. 5 to 13 inclusive, according to cas^s. 

Fevers with irritability of the nerve centers, unnaturally bright 
eyes, flushed face, contracted pupils— gelsemium. 

Bilious Fever, Remittent, and Bilious Remittent. — Cause: Blows, 
dress irritating the liver, microbes in the blood, excessive eating and 
drinking of carbonaceous articles. Symjrtoms: Those of simple fever, 
together with nausea, vomiting, brown coated tongue, yellow skin, 
constipation or diarrhoea, itching of skin, dullness, and stupor. Treat- 
ment : Colon flush No. 7 ; vinegar and water fomentations over the liver ; 
lemonade freely; No. 4 ferr. phos. every hour, and Xo. 11, nat. sulph. 
three to six times a day ; or phosphate of soda in mild cathartic doses, 
or euonymin (con.) one-fourth to three grains, as needed. Tonic treat, 
ment in convalescence. 

Bilious Fever, Malignant.— Intermediate between malignant chills 
and fever and dengue. Symptoms ; Those of bilious fever aggravated, 
heavy brown coat on tongue, black at the root. Treat as bilious fever 
very energetically, and add hydrogen peroxide a teaspoonful three 
times a day by the stomach, a teaspoonful in all enemas and spray 
frequently at the nostrils, also a teaspoonful in all sponge baths. 

Fever, Catarrhal. —Bap. copaiva and phos. every hour in rotation 
until fever abates, then cimicif . in place of the bap. and give every 
two hours. For the chronic cough, copaiva, cimicif. and phos. 

Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis or Spotted Fever. — Cause: Shattered 
vitality and the germs streptococcus. Symptoms: Rigors, fever, pros- 
tration, coma, head and heels thrown back, often purple spots on body, 
otherwise pallor, flushed cheeks, often convulsions. 

Treatment: Hot colon flush Xo. 4, mustard from the root of the hair 
to between the shoulders, followed by hot fomentations, peroxide of 
hydrogen, as in malignant bilious fever, full pack with mustard water. 
Glycerite of sulphur one teaspoonful every three hours, nutritive 
enemas, bovinine and nutritive beef tea by stomach. 

Constipation Fever. — The fever resulting from the absorption of 
poisonous matters from normal faeces. See pages 284 to 286. Treatment : 
Remove the cause. 

Dengue Fever.— See dengue. 

Exhaustion Fever differs only in degree from fatigue, which see. 
Treatment the same, but more heroic. May be mistaken for typhoid. 

Enteric Fever.— See typhoid. 

Ephemeral Fever.— Cause : Cold, wet, exposure, overwork, mental 
depression. Symptoms: Those of simple fever, pain in head, back 
and limbs, constipation, scanty urine, after a few days sweating or 
diarrhoea. Treat as simple fever. 

Fatigue Fever.— Cause: The decomposition of the blood from the 
excessive infiltration into it of poisonous substances from the tissues. 



478 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

Symptoms : Temperature one to three degrees above normal, loss of 
appetite, incapacity to sleep. Treatment; Rest, warm bath, our coffee 
hot, or hot milk, liquid foods until relieved. 

Gastric Fever.— Peculiar to children, or as a result of strong stomach 
irritants like alcohol. Usual Cause: Eating pastry, cabbage, nuts, 
candies, etc. Duration seven to fourteen days. Treatment: Drinks of 
tepid water with bicarbonate of soda live to ten grains to the ounce 
followed by an emetic, warm bath, compress on stomach, spongings as 
required, peroxide of hydrogen one-fourth teaspoon ful doses three to 
six times a day, fluid diets; otherwise treat as simple fever. 

Hay Fever.— See acute nasal catarrh. 

Intermittent Fever.— See ague. 

Malarial Fever.— See ague. 

Measle Fever. — See measles. 

Phthisical Fever.— A vigorous cool or cold ablution of back, chest 
and abdomen. 

Puerperal Fever, or Metria. — See parturition childbed fever. 

Pernicious Fever.— See ague. 

Remittent Fever.— A continued fever with remissions. Symptoms : 
Same as bilious fever, with signs of pulmonary congestion, great diffi- 
culty of breathing, cough, livid color, urine scanty, high colored, loaded 
with lithates, but increased during remission ; remission usually in the 
morning, from six to twelve hours, or from twelve to twenty-four 
hours; usually runs fourteen to fifteen days, and ends in sweating, or 
merges into typhoid or cerebro-spinal meningitis. Treat the lever as 
for simple fever; bilious symptoms as for bilious fever. 

Relapsing: Fever.— Malignant, remittent or recurrent fever. Cause : 
Malaria and decomposing animal matter. Symptoms : Usually three or 
four days of prostration, headache, rigors, high fever, excruciating 
pains, temperature often 107, pulse over 160, great aggravations at night ; 
about fourth or fifth day profuse perspiration, subsidence of fever; 
about fifth or seventh day, recurrence of all the symptoms in aggra- 
vated form ; this continues until the sixth or seventh week when the 
patient succumbs or becomes convalescent. Treatment: As malarial, 
and typhoid symptoms as typhoid, which see. 

Scarlet.— See scarlet fever. 

Smallpox— Variola. Cause: A specific poison. 

Symptoms : Ten to thirteen days incubation. Then chill, fever, head 
and back ache, tongue white-yellow, breath offensive, nausea, and 
vomiting common ; sleeplessness, may be delirium. Throat red, swollen, 
initial rash on abdomen and thighs. Eruption from third to fourth day 
©f red spots, which burn and itch, which on fifth day of disease become 
dark red pimples, which fill with milky fluid the next day and enlarge 



DISEASES AN"D THEIR TREATMENT. 4?9 

$ne or two days, pit, and on the eighth day change to thick, yellow 
matter. If these pustules run together, it is confluent. The early symp- 
toms subside with the appearance of the rash, but the fever returns on 
the eighth day and runs three to eight days. Pustules begin to dry 
about the twelfth day, forming one to two days later, hard, brown 
scabs, which fall off with intolerable itching later. Mucous membrane 
of mouth and throat goes through the same process. 

Treatment: Kali mur. to control the formation of pustules. Ferr. 
phos. for fever. Kali phos. for exhaustion and putridity. Calc. sulph. 
for discharging pustules. Nat. mur. for confluent pustules and drowsi- 
ness. Kali sulph. to aid the falling of the crusts and give healthy skin. 
Feed generously on fluid diet. Call physician early. 

Surgical Fever. — From the shock of surgical operations. Treat- 
ment: In simple form, rest, baths, fluid nourishment, peroxide of hydro- 
gen ; irritative form, retained enemas No. 22, warm baths, sulphonal if 
necessary; intermittent form, treat as ague; hectic form treat as fever 
©f phthisis; typhoid form, treat as typhoid. 

Typhoid, Enteric, or Nervous Fever. — Contagious and infectious. 
Its nature is unsettled ; its predisposing causes are nervous prostration 
mental strain, worry, exhaustion, overwork, solar heat, chills, exposure 
to damp. Symptoms: Languor, debility, headache, sharp features, pain 
in back and calves, nausea, diarrhoea, chilliness, usually from ten to 
twenty-one days. Rigors increase, may be vertigo, deafness, nose- 
bleed, great headache, intolerance of light, thirst, loss of appetite, 
great nervous irritability, nostrils pinched, often flush on each cheek» 
tongue first white with red tip and edges, later red and glazed, buff, dry 
or brown, sordes on gums, pulse small, wiry, 100 to 120 or higher, tem- 
perature 101° to 104°, breath offensive and ammoniacal. These symp- 
toms slowly increase, tendency to diarrhoea becomes greater. About 
the commencement of the second week, typhoid rash — rose-colored 
spots on chest and abdomen, circular, disappearing on pressure; no 
rash in some cases. After middle of second week tympanitis, gurgling 
in right groin on pressure, pea-soup diarrhoea, may be watery blebs on 
skin, spasmodic contractions of muscles, picking at bedclothes, hic- 
cough, deafness, hemorrhage from the bowels. Duration two to six 
weeks. The germ growth vibrios is greatest in the ileocaecal valve. 

To prevent: Avoid water, milk, food, and air contaminated by the 
germ; all secretions of the patient should be thoroughly disinfected, 
then buried at a distance from any water supply. If water supply is 
suspicious, thoroughly boil it before using, and cool by packing'ice 
around its container. Isolate the patient three months. Treatment 
direct: Place him in a well ventilated apartment with a fire in an open 
fireplace if possible, no curtains, carpets, or superfluous furniture; air 
constantly disinfected. Sustain with nutritive beef tea, and sterilized 
milk; sponge three times a day with castile soap water, dry well and 
rub with the dry hand of a strong, young nurse; once a day sponge 
with warm vinegar with a teaspoonfnl of peroxide of hydrogen to the 
ounce in it. Keep down fever as in simple fever. Elm mucilage flushes 
as in dysentery. Peroxide of hydrogen in one-half teaspoonful doses 



480 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

every two hours, also spray into the nostrils frequently. Also tea- 
spoonful added to eacli elm flush. Retained enema No. 22 to secure 
sleep. Da Costa gives three pints of milk and one of broth every 
twenty-four hours, with a midday meal of arrowroot or other thick- 
ened food. Feeds every two hours during the day, and three at night. 

Typhus.— Putrid, jail, plague, pestilence, malignant, ship or hospi- 
tal fever. Contagions and infectious. Cause: Absorption of the excre- 
tions of animal bodies. Symptoms: Incubation from three to ten or 
twelve days in which there is languor, debility, headache, pain in 
back or limbs, bleeding from nose, perhaps deafness; then rigors, 
greater headache, fever, chilliness, stupor, thirst, constipation, pros- 
tration, irritability, sleeplessness, and measly rash, which when dark 
eolored shows that the blood is being disorganized by the abstraction 
of its oxygen. Pulse eighty to one hundred and sixty, temperature 100° 
to 105°, steady, not variable like typhoid. Tongue brown and dry. 
Stupor much like sleep but not refreshing. Retention of urine common, 
may be often suppression of, albuminuria and uraemia. Second week 
great prostration, muscular twitching, delirium, coma, and convulsions, 
may be bronchitis, pleurisy or pneumonia. Convalesence very rapid, 
generally beginning on the fourteenth day. Fatal period from the 
ninth to the twelfth. Duration fourteen to twenty-one days. Very 
nutritious diet ; room disinfected constantly; peroxide of hydrogen as 
in typhoid ; all antiseptic precautions ; supply oxygen in every possible 
way ; tinct.of iodine or resorcin to sterilize the blood. 

Yellow.— See yellow fever. 

Fishskin Disease. — See skin diseases. 

Fissures. — Deep cracks penetrating the skin. Treat- 
ment: Calc. phos. internally, and externally as an ointment 
with vaseline. 

Fissure ani. — Usually at the posterior external border. 
Intensely painful, and reflex effect upon nervous centers 
extremely damaging. Cause: Scratches, lacerations, straining 
at stool, etc. 

Treatment: Cleanse the colon thoroughly with full csecal flush. 
Then inject into the fissure from a syringe with a small nozzle warm 
castile soap water until every particle of loose matter is expelled. 
Then follow with peroxide of hydrogen and dress with equal parts of 
white pine canadensis and fluid extract of mullein, or with glycozone. 
Use only concentrated foods until it is soundly healed. If the bowels 
must be relieved before that occurs, fill the fissure with vaseline and 
use the flush again, then repeat the treatment. 

Fissure, Lachrymal. — Solid extract of bugle-weed trit- 
urated into a strong ointment with lard and kept constantly 
applied. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 481 

Fistula. — An abnormal sinus or channel in the tissues. 
Cause: Abscess, bruise, pressure, the irritation of a foreign 
body. 

F. in Ano— In three forms, viz.: Complete, blind internal, and 
blind external. Complete, connects the rectal cavity with the skin by 
a tube leading outside of the sphincters. Blind internal when it has 
no internal opening; blind external when it has no external orifice. 
Treat as for fissure, and if not successful call a surgeon. 
F. in Urethra. — Known by dribbling of urine. 
F. recto-vaginal : Known by escape of gas from the vagina. 
F. vesico-vaginal : Known by dribbling of urine from the vagina ; 
for these consult surgeon. 
Fits. — See epilepsy. 
F, of Children : Red in face, jerk all over. Warm bath; warm 
enema. If not thus relieved, specific gelsemium twenty drops, aconite 
two drops, Lloyd's asepsin three grains, water four ounces; one-half 
teaspoonful every fifteen minutes. 

Flatulence. — See dyspepsia. 
Flooding'. — See hemorrhage. 
Flushes, Heat. — See heat flushes. 
Foreskin, Diseases of. — See sexual diseases, male. 
Gallstones (cholelithiasis). — See calculi biliary. 
Gangrene (death of a part). — Cause: Inflammation or 
any agent which destroys the vitality of the tissues or cuts off 
the supply of blood, as injury, excessive heat or cold, chemicals, 
etc. Symptoms: First that of acute and extensive inflamma- 
tion, then death of tissue, and a consequent sloughing. 

Gangrene of Mouth; Usually occurs between two and twelve 
years of age, and as a sequel of measles or scarlet fever. Symptoms; 
Inflammation, sloughing. Treat as for ulcers, with utmost nutritive 
support, and large doses of capsicum. 

Gangrene of L,ung: Cause: Local obstruction of blood vessels, 
blood poisoning, dementia, epilepsy, chronic alcoholism, etc. 

Symptoms: Very fetid breath and expectoration of dirty black or 
brown gangrenous material, containing small black masses* The last 
is the only symptom distinguishing it from fetid bronchitis. Treat- 
ment: Peroxide of hydrogen by stomach, inhalation, enema, and 
externally. I lie utmost nutrition without fats, and one to three grain 
doses of capsicum every four to six hours. 

Gastralg'ia. — Pain at lower end of breast bone. Symp- 
toms: Pain independent of digestion, may often be relieved by 
eating. Relieved by firm pressure, vomiting, and is complete 
31 



482 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

between the paroxysms. No fixed point of tenderness, nutri- 
tion usually good, generally associated with hysteria, neuralgia 
or ovarian tenderness and benefited more by nerve treatmentr 
than by dieting. Treatment: Hot bath, or hot fomentations 
on stomach. Retained enema, No. 33. Treat nerves. 

Gastric Ulcer. — Symptoms : Pain upon taking food and 
its intensity graduated by the quantity. Increased by pressure,, 
usually at a fixed point, relieved by vomiting, but continuous 
in less degree, nutrition affected, neuropathic states not always 
present, benefited by diet rather than by nerve treatment, 
dilatation of stomach may follow. Tumor rare. Any age 
after childhood, one-half the cases under forty. Cause unknown. 
Treatment: Absolute rest in bed. Nutritive enemas; tea of 
hydrastis. Nat. plios. three tablets four times a day. Creosote 
one-twelfth to one grain three or more times daily, or zinc sulphocar- 
bolate one-half to five grains until stools are odorless, then just enough 
to keep them so. Ergotin for hemorrhage, Bonjean's one-half to two 
and one-half grains hypodermically. Cocaine hydrochlorate (alk.) to 
relieve pain and vomiting, one-twelfth to one grain every two to four 
hours as needed. 

Gastritis. — Inflammation of the stomach. Cause : 
Exposure, irritating food, overloading the stomach when much 
fatigued, liquors, condiments, etc. Symptoms: When from 
poison, violent, burning, stabbing pain, tenderness on pressure r 
short, rapid breathing, retching long after the stomach is 
empty, excessive thirst; tongue like raw beef; later pulse 
feeble, surface cold, faintness, hiccough, perhaps diarrhoea* 
When from other causes, the same stomach symptoms in less 
severe form. 

Treatment; First cleanse the stomach thoroughly, then give it 
rest. Revulsive treatment as needed. Nutrition entirely by the 
bowels. Compresses on stomach. Cold water in small quantities 
often as desired. Hot water four times a day slowly sipped. Gastritis 
chronic, see dyspepsia gastric. 

German Measles. — See measles. 
Gin-drinkers Liver. — See liver, gin drinkers. 
Glanders. — See farcy and glanders. 

Glaucoma (green tumor of the eye). — Begins with intense 
pain in the eyeball during the night, throbbing in eye and 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 483 

temple, eye congested, sight lost, iris motionless, cornea dim, 
pupil dilated, ball hard, prismatic colors. Cause unknown. 
Lose no time in applying to the best oculist within reach. 

Gleet. — See urethra, stricture of. 

Glottis, Spasm of. Warm bath ; magnesia phos. 

Glycosuria. — See diabetes Mi 

Goitre (enlargement of thyroid gland). — See bronchocele. 

Gonorrhea. — See sexual diseases. 

Gout. — Uric acid, or the elements out of which it is 
formed, and soda exist separately in the blood. Certain food- 
elements, nervous conditions or functional abnormalities cause 
a combination of the uric acid and soda into urate of soda r 
which is generally deposited in the tissues most remote from 
the brain, in the most weakened parts. Cause: Heredity, 
male sex. alcohol, over-eating, working with lead. 

Symptoms : Usually preceded by debility, flatulence, etc. The 
attack may come suddenly; acute pain in great toe, heel, instep or 
wrist, rigors, fever, irritability, restlessness, swelling and tenderness. 
Duration of attack five to ten days, longer the more frequently they 
occur. 

Treatment: Rest in bed. Affected parts swathed in hay-flower tea, 
re-wet every hour or two until the pain ceases. Shawl wrap in hay- 
flower or oat straw tea every other day. Hot knee shower followed by 
(told dash every other day two to five minutes. Excernent method 
freely. Cooling treatment if there is fever. If medicine be required, 
keep bowels soft with Epsom salts, and take wine of colchicum fifteen 
to thirty drops every three hours, and phosphate of quinine one to 
three grains in alternation. Alcohol and fruit sugar together in the 
diet predispose to the disease. Avoid pastry, malt liquors and sweet 
wines. Drink much pure, soft water. Try diet as for chronic rheuma- 
tism, or strictly vegetarian, or fish, fats and vegetables. No single 
diet suits all cases. 

Chronic Gout: Xatr. sulph. with ferr phos. in aggravations. 

Granular Eyelids. — See eyes. 

Gravel. — See calculi, renal. 

Graves's Disease (Basedow's disease, exophthalmic 
goitre). — Canse obscnre. Symptoms: Pulse ninety to one- 
hundred and fifty, enlarged thyroid, soft and pulsating, eyeballs 
prominent, lids fail to follow motions of the ball, conjunctivi- 
tis, irritability, vertigo, headache, wakefulness, indigestion, 
anaemia. 

Treatment : Extract of thyroid gland internally, iodine locally. 
May add to the extract ten grains of bayberry three times a day : scull- 
cap for the wakefulness ; rest ; heart sedation if necessary. 



484 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Gum-boil (alveolar abscess). — Decomposition in a canal 
of a tooth or of the tooth structure. Symptoms: Soreness, 
pain, swelling, suppuration discharging through the gum. 
Treatment: Consult a dentist before the swelling begins. For 
soreness mag. phos. To prevent swelling kali mur. For sup- 
puration silicea, frequency governed by urgency of symptoms. 

Gums, Bleeding*. — Kali phos. 

Hsematidrosis. — Hemorrhage from the skin. Rare. 
Treat on general principles. 

Hematuria. — Bloody urine, from kidneys, bladder, or 
nrethra. Treatment : Vapor bath ; absolute rest ; linseed tea ; 
bladder injections of warm water; if bladder is filled with 
thick blood that cannot be passed or drawn, inject two ounces 
of w T arm water with five or six grains of papoid. If from blad- 
der or urethra, urine is clear and blood follows. If from the 
kidneys, blood is diffused, giving a port wine tint to the urine. 
If there are inflammatory symptoms, give revulsive treatment 
average to strong, and hamamelis internally. 

Haematemesis (bleeding from the stomach). — Bio- 
chemic treatment as for haemoptysis. 

Haemoptysis (hemorrhage from the lungs) Cause: 

The iron cell salt gives toughness and elasticity to the blood 
vessels, while nat. mur. furnishes moisture to them. One or 
both cf these being deficient, weakness and brittleness of their 
walls result, and they give way under a local strain from heat, 
too much food, excess of waste matter, etc. 

Treatment : With bright red blood that coagulates quickly, ferr. 
phos.; thin, pale-red blood not coagulating easily, nat. mur.; dark, 
thin, blackish red blood not coagulating, kali phos.; dark, black, clot- 
ted or tough, kali mur. A dose every one-half hour to two hours. 
Rest, recumbent posture, cold foods and drinks. 

If these remedies are not at hand, hot water on the cervical and 
dorsal vertebrae, and drink a strong solution of salt water. If case is 
urgent, ligature the upper part of the left arm, then upper part of 
right thigh, and if necessary, right arm and left thigh in the sanie way. 
Loosen bandages gradually as soon as bleeding stops. Bleeding follow- 
ing bubbling in chest, ipecac. Profuse bleeding without effort, ham- 
amelis. Constant tickling, with cough and expectoration of bloody 
mucus, belladonna. 

Hair, Diseases of. — Baldness: Cause: Debility, local 
inflammations, vegetable parasites, dandruff, etc. Treat the 
cause. When the hair is falling out, apply to the scalp once a 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 485 

day with friction, tinct's of cantharides and mix vomica of 
each one and one-half drams, tinct. cinchona ten drams, 
glycerine one to two ounces, alcohol sufficient to make a pint. 
Dandruff : To cleanse the scalp, wash the head thoroughly with 
warm or tepid water six pints and one teaspoonfnl of borax, rinsing it 
with clear water. Rub a little bay nun into the roots of the hair after 
it has been washed and dried, to prevent taking cold. Then dampen 
the roots of the hair two or three times a week with the following prep- 
aration : Flour of sulphur two ounces, water one and one-half pints. 
Shake frequently for three or four days, then let it settle and pour off 
carefully. If any of the sulphur comes away with the liquid, it may 
be strained through a linen cloth or run through a filter. 

Premature Graying: Wash once or twice a day in strong sage tea. 
Avoid all dyes — they are chiefly composed of acetate of lead, or nitrate 
of silver, and often cause disease. 

Hallucinations. — Deceptions of one of the special 
senses. For example, seeing objects in utter darkness, etc. 
See insanity. 

Hands, Sweating of. — Tinct, of belladonna one dram, 
cologne water one ounce. Add a little glycerine at the moment 
of using, and with the mixture rub the hands thoroughly. 
They should first be washed in soft water and thoroughly 
dried. 

Chapped.— Potassa caustic, one part, glycerine forty parts, alcohol 
forty parts, water one-hundred and twenty parts. Bathe the hands 
in warm water, then rub mixture in ; or compound tinct. benzoin one 
dram, glycerine one-half ounce. Use as a lotion. Or, glycerine one-half 
ounce, tint, hydrastis two drams, rose water four ounces. Use as a 
lotion. The last is the most elegant preparation. Calc. fluor. internally 
three times a day. 

Hangnail. — A little tongue of flesh turned up by the 
side of the nail and inflamed. Treatment : Clean and cover 
with adhesive plaster until cured. Change and clean daily. 

Hay Fever (summer catarrh, autumnal catarrh, hay- 
asthma, rose-cold, grape or rag-weed fever). — Symptoms: Vio- 
lent sneezing, running of hot water from eyes and nose, head- 
ache, debility, irritation of nose, ears, throat. Cause: Action 
of pollen of certain plants on lining membrane of nose and 
head, that membrane being in a nerve-devitalized condition. 
Treatment: Restore the local vitality ; remove super sensitive- 



486 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

ness of membrane, and thus render it insensible co the peculiar 
irritating properties of the pollen floating in the air. Com- 
pound oxygen treatment inhaled through the nostrils is an 
excellent preventive and an efficient restorative. 

Catarrhal Form; Head vapor and full pack each once a week; 
water tread daily; sprays of peroxide of hydrogen three times a day; 
atmosphere of room ozonized by frequent sprays of turpentine. Ferr. 
phos. and nat. mur. in alternation, one dose every hour or two. 

Asthmatic Form; Combine treatment for asthma with that for 
the catarrhal form. 

Headache. — 

1. Ansemiac : Diminished supply of blood to the brain, marked 
by depression of spirits, brooding over events not likely to happen, 
dizziness, bad tongue, constipation. Cause: Debility, exhaustion, 
poor blood, hemorrhage, over-lactation. Treatment: A cup of coffee 
on rising, and treat as for ensemia. 

2. Hyperaemic (congestive,: Too great blood supply. Indicated 
by throbbing, pain increased when lying down, restless sleep, dim 
eyes. Treatment: Revulsive treatment average to strong. Ferr. 
phos. every hour or two. No stomach symptoms, glonoin; with stom- 
ach symptoms, cim. rac. or bell. 

In severe cases have several large pitchers of water as hot as can 
be borne, poured on the base of the brain, to break up congestion* 
The patient should lie across the bed, with head extending beyond the 
edge, and hanging a little lower than the body, with a towel snugly 
pinned around the neck so as not to wet the clothes, and a basin 
placed below to catch the water. Then one should support the head 
while another pours a small stream npon the base of brain, allowing it 
to run over entire head, after which the hair should be carefully dried 
with a soft towel. Then wrap it in a dry towel, and let the patient 
sleep. 

3. Bilious ; Pain is diffused over head with vertigo, constipation, 
stools dry, in balls, or clay-colored. Treatment: See biliousness. 
With gray coat on tongue, kali mur. "With vomiting of bile, bitter 
taste, and greenish-gray tongue, natr. sulph. 

4. Nervous Headache : May be from poverty of nerve force, or 
reflex from some distant point of disturbance; marked by depression, 
shrinking from noise, light and exercise. Treatment: Kali phos. 

5. Malarial (periodical): See ague. Arsen. or china, or phos. or 
sanguin. or sulph. 

6. Sick Headache; Modification of nervous headache. Symp- 
toms: Faintness, chilliness, pallor, paroxysmal pain usually in one 
side of the head, face flushed and anxious, pain dull and throbbing. 

Treatment: Guarana thirty to sixty grains in water every hour 
until five or six doses are taken. Or, muriate of ammonia twenty 
grains in same way. Or, one-half to one teaspoonful of powdered 
charcoal, stirred well in half a glass of water, with ten drops of 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 487 

aromatic spirits of ammonia. Or, mix every hour before the pain, 
macrotys and pod. in alternation every thirty minutes during the pain. 
Hot loot bath. Before, during and after menses, nat. niur., with pain 
in back every week, phytol. 

7. Uterine: Worse on awaking and intense on the top of the 
head. May be soreness of the scalp, lump in the throat. Treatment : 
Menses too soon, profuse and long, calc. carb. or phos. acid; too late, 
scanty or suppressed, puis. With labor-like pains, cham. With nerv- 
ous, rheumatic pains, bell., or cim. rac. or phos. acid. 

8. Crown: On awaking with moist, yellow, creamy coat on the 
back of tongue, natr. phos.; with great weight, cactus grandor arson ; 
much heat, sulph ; as if nail were driven in, nux. 

9. Acid: Cause: Excess of acid in the stomach. Treatment: 
Compound tinct. of cinchona six ounces; aromatic spirits of ammonia 
two ounces. Dose, one-half to one teaspoonful. 

10. Foul-air: Compound oxygen; peroxide of hydrogen. 

11. Suii-headaclie.— Begins with sunrise, hardest at noon, ends 
with sunset. Nat. mm, or sanguinaria or spigelia. 

12. Miscellaneous Headaches. — Worse in heated room and in the 
evening, and better in cool air— kali sulp.; worse in open air, caffea or 
ignatia. With darting pains relieved by heat and aggravated by cold, 
specks before the eyes— magnes. phos.; with cold feeling in head — 
kali phos. or calc. carb.; with small lumps on the scalp— silicea. Dull, 
heavy headaches with drowsiness — water secretions — natr. mur. 
Headache of children— ferr. phos.; vertigo and vanishing sight— bell, 
•or phytol ; head feels too small— caff ea ; as if back head were crushed 
— nat. sulph; throbbing all day — cocculus or puis ; worse after sleep — 
lach. 

Heart, Diseases of. — 

Dropsy of the Pericardium (hydrops pericardium): Cause: Peri- 
carditis. Symptoms: Difficult breathing, cough, general debility, 
muffled heart sounds, pale face, no numbness in left hand, respiration 
and pulsation low. usually dropsy of feet and legs. Treatment: Same 
as for dropsy, with addition of irritating plaster over the heart; per- 
sistent use of hair cap moss infusion; blood-making treatment. 

Endocarditis simple (inflammation of the serous lining membrane 
of the heart.: Cause; Rheumatism, Blight's disease, pericarditis, 
pleurisy and pneumonia. Symptoms: Similar to pericarditis. Treat- 
ment: Like pericarditis. 

E. Ulcerative (diphtheretic. septicemic, malignant). 

Heart, Enlargement of: Cause; Obstruction to the circulation, 
or over-exertion. Symptoms: Increased force of the heart-beat, may 
be ringing in the ears, spots before the eyes. Treatment: Remove 
causes when practicable ; avoid unnecessary excitement, over-loading 



488 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

the stomach and severe exertion. Calc. fluor in alternation with ferr* 
phos. 

Heart Failure ; A convenient phrase to express vital exhaustion ; 
many times from causes unknown, and often really remote from the 
heart itself. When vitality is expended much faster than it is gener- 
ated, the heart is likely to feel it most because of its ceaseless mus- 
cular work. Symptoms; Palpitation, irregular pulsation, sense of tire 
in the region of the heart, general nervous lack of tone, etc. 

Treatment: Stop. Letup. Rest. General invigorating treatment. 
Careful study of Figs. 70 and 71 will show the necessity for this advice 
concerning so complicated an organ. 





FIG. 70. 



HEART. 



Fig. 70. 1, front of right ventricle; 2, left ventricle; 3, pulmonary artery,, 
cut short; 4, 4', 4", the aorta; 5, part of right anricle ; 6, part of left auricle; 7, 7, 
right and left veins which unite to form the upper vena cava; 8, lower vena cava; 
9, one of the hepatic veins; xx, left coronary artery; 

Fig. 71. 1, 2, 3, arch of aorta; 4,thoraric aorta; 5, innominate artery; 6, right 
carotid; 7, right subclavian; 8, axillary; 9, the brachial; 10, pneumogastric nerve 
on right side; 11, left carotid; 12, left subclavian; 13, left pneumogastric nerve; 
14, 15, pulmonary artery; 16, 17, its branches to lungs; 18, 19, pulmonary veins; 20 r 
trachea; 21, 22, large bronchial tubes; 23, 23, intercostal (between the ribs) 
arteries. 

H. Myocarditis: Inflammation of the substance of the heart, not 
distinguishable by laymen, from pericarditis. 

H., Neuralgia of : See angina pectoris. 

Palpitation : Remove cause. Regulate heart-action by cactus 
grand, caffeine, or kola. If nervous, cold compress to the heart twenty 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 489 

minutes twice a day. If from weakness of heart, kali phos. If spas- 
modic, magn. plios. If anaemic, natr. mnr. General Treatment: Shawl 
wrap, body bandage, and foot vapor once a week ; sponge bath daily. 

Pericarditis : Inflammation of the sack covering the heart. Causer 
Usually an accompaniment of some general disease. Symptoms: Fever 
of the causative disease increased, may be pain and tenderness in the 
heart region, breath short, pulse varies, may be dry cough and diffi- 
culty of swallowing, skin pale and blue. Treat the causative disease: 
keep quiet ; stimulants if necessary, irritating plaster over heart. 

Heart-Pang: See angina pectoris. 

H„ Valvular Disease of: First, insufficient. Second, thickening. 
Cause: Acute articular rheumatism, fevers, etc. Symptoms: Palpita- 
tion, short breath after exertion, suffocative feeling, bronchitis, dys- 
peptic symptoms, urine scanty and high colored, dropsy, and many 
other symptoms. Treatment: Quiet life; flannel clothing; good rich 
blood; temperate eating; medical treatment must depend upon the 
precise nature of the disease. 

Mo^t of the diseases of the heart are so obscure that to the non- 
professional observer all seem alike, so that the treatment of pericar- 
ditis, valvular lesions, palpitation, and heart failure substantially 
cover all the ground except by medical advice. 

Heartburn : A butyric acid fermentation of starchy food, or its lib- 
eration in the stomach from food in which it previously existed. If 
temporary it may be relieved by an alkali. If habitual, salicylic acid, 
thymol or resorcin six to ten grains three times a day, or guiacol. 

Heartburn with biliary troubles, nux and pod. for a male, puis, and 
pod. for a female. 

Heat Flushes : A complication of the climacteric. See 
climacteric disorders. Rhus. 

Heat Rasli (or prickly heat). Cause: Excessive work of 
the sweat-glands. Treatment: Avoid the cause, frequent bath- 
ing without drying the surface, dusting with face or starch 
powder. 

Heat Stroke (sunstroke, or coup de soleil). — A devital- 
ized condition of the brain, caused by sudden abstraction of 
moisture from the tissues, producing dryness of the membranes. 
Symptoms: Violent: Active delirium, great restlessness, may 
be combativeness. Violent - passive : Sudden insensibility* 
great rise in temperature, pulse feeble. Symptoms of paralysis 
and insanity may be developed after apparent recovery. Milder : 
Great weakness, feeble pulse, cold, clammy face and extremi- 
ties, nervous depression, vertigo, tightness of chest. 

Treatment: Tepid dripping sheet ; full tepid enemas; wet cap on 



490 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

head; natr. mur. every hour or two; if much exhaustion, kali phos.; 
patient still insensible, mustards to feet, hands, and inside of thighs, 
and a long one between the shoulders ; call physician. 

Hemiplegia (paralysis of one-half of the body). — Two 
varieties. Cause : Embolism or thrombosis. 

Congestive; Cause : Falls, mechanical violence, effusion of blood or 
lymph; tubercular, cancerous, or syphilitic deposits. 

Anaemic t Cause: Defective nutrition from masturbation, sexual 
excesses, and various diseases. Symptoms : Embolism — sudden paraly- 
sis, rarely loss of consciousness, aphasia, or loss of power of speech. 

The congestive form is accompanied by convulsions, cramps, twitch- 
ing, priapism, itching, crawling, prickling sensations, pain, tenderness 
on pressure. In the anaemic form the symptoms are less decided, but 
worse in lecumbent posture. To determine which, apply a sponge 
wrung out of hot water to the spine. The congestive form gives a burn- 
ing or sore feeling at the damaged place. Treatment must be exactly 
opposite. In congestion, get the blood away from the brain and spinal 
cord; in anaemia, get it to them. To get it away, apply heat at a dis- 
tance for long periods, alternated with cold for short periods, because 
when the heat is abstracted from a part, the blood rushes there to 
make good the loss. Then keep it there by dilating the blood vessels 
by heat. But lest they be dilated into weakness, apply the cold at 
intervals to preserve their contractility, and bring a fresh supply of 
blood again. To get the blood to a part, make a full supply of good 
rich blood by adequate nutrition. Muscular movements are the best 
agents to draw blood to a part; therefore, motions timed and gradu- 
ated to the case are demanded ; voluntary action if possible, or made 
active by external force applied as in massage. 

Hemorrhage. — Escape of blood from the blood vessels. 
Traumatic or active when from a wound. Idiopathic or pas- 
sive when from degeneracy of the blood vessels, as explained 
under haemoptysis. 

Hemorrhage from Rectum : May be from injury to the glands of 
Brunner andPeyer in typhoid fever, from tuberculosis, the congestion 
of inflammation, the rupture of pile-sacs, the cancer germ or the rupture 
of a blood vessel by a foreign body. Treatment : Rest ; recumbent pos- 
ture; fomentation of abdomen; enemas of witch-hazel, or a teaspoon- 
f ul of Monsul's solution of iron to an ounce of water, or, by stomach or 
enema tincture of shepherd's purse; or, biochemic remedies as for 
lisemoptysis. 

Hemorrhage in Skin: See purpura. 

Hemorrhage, Uterine: Always severe and dangerous after abor- 
tion. May occur in childbirth, and prove fatal in a few minutes because 
the uterine contractions fail to close the open blood vessels in the 
womb. Symptoms: Great pallor, sighing respiration, prostration, the 
iiow. 

Treatment: Foot of bed elevated; uterine contractions secured by 
grasping it firmly with the hand, then give injections of hot water (110° 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 491 

to 115°) into the uterus. If necessary, plug with a handkerchief. Inter- 
nally, ergot fluid extract one-half teaspoonful every three hours. 
Revulsive treatment as far as practicable; or calc. fluor. in alternation 
with kali phos., and hot water to the lumbar vertebrae; or ipecac ten 
to twenty drops in four ounces of water. Dose, one teaspoonful every 
ten minutes. In urgent cases, ligature the limbs as in haemoptysis. 

H. U. in Change of Life. See climacteric. Lobelia and composi- 
tion equal parts four to eight tablespoonfuls every ten minutes till well 
nauseated, then composition alone till free vomiting. Repeat every 
«lay it' necessary. 

Hemorrhoids (piles, varicose veins of the rectum). 
Cause : Heredity, constipation, high living, and sedentary 
habits, tumors, pregnancy. 

Treatment : Keep liver and bowels active, skin healthy, and circu- 
lation well to the extremities. Cal. fluor. internally and in vaseline as 
an ointment to external tumors. 

In alternation, ferr. phos. when blood is bright red, kali mur. when 
it is thick and dark, kali sulph. with yellow, slimy tongue, nat. sulph. 
in bilious conditions. Calc. phos. if anaemic, nat. mur. when stools are 
hard, dry, and crumbling with excess of saliva, mag. phos. with eutting, 
darting pains in external tumors. Fluid extract of yerba santa one 
teaspoonful three times a day cures some cases. 

Cold, wet compress three-fourths of an hour the whole length of 
the spine, three or four times weekly; cold sitz bath, one to two min- 
utes, three or four times weekly; or. inject into the rectum twice a day 
one teaspoonful of fluid extract of hamamelis and hydrastis three 
•drams each, olive oil two ounces; or, if external, use mullein and white 
pinus canadensis as in fistula; or, take a tepid sitz bath, after which 
apply to the tumors a sponge or cloth wet hourly in potassium iodide 
two grains, iodine one-fifth grain, glycerine thirty-five grains ; should 
that fail, use potassium iodide three grains, iodine' one grain, glycerine 
thirty-rive grains; or bitter sweet ointment— simple cerate four ounces, 
fluid extract bitter sweet one ounce; evaporate the moisture. Or, 
digest eight ounces of the fresh root in one-half pound of lard, strain 
and add two ounces of beeswax. 

The above are nearly all palliative, sometimes curative ; but a cer- 
tain cure in all eases belongs only to surgery. 

Hernia, Rupture. — A tumor formed by the protrusion 
of a viscus from its natural cavity. Reducible : One that can 
be returned to its cavity. Irreducible : One that cannot be 
returned. Strangulated : Constricted so that it cannot be pro- 
pelled outward, and the venus blood cannot return. Inguinal : 
That which bursts through the abdominal ring. Femoral : 
That which descends on the thigh; almost peculiar to females. 
Umbilical : Rupture at the navel. 

Treatment: On back, feet elevated, head low. make gentle pres- 
sure on the part until it returns, then bind a pad on it until a suitable 
truss can be secured. Failing to return it, give lobelia to the point of 
entire boddy relaxation, apply a cold local compress for fifteen to 



492 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

thirty minutes, then try again to return it. This failing, call a physi- 
cian at once. 

Herpes. — See skin diseases. 

Hiccough. — A convulsive, noisy, inspiration caused by 
spasm of the diaphragm. Cause : Violent laughter, temporary 
indigestion, great prostration. Treatment: A tight bandage 
around the abdomen, or a deep inspiration retained as long as 
possible, or a fright, or blow on the back, or eating pounded 
ice or ice cream, or the pressure of a finger upon the throat 
just above the sternum. 

Hives. — See skin diseases. 

Hoarseness. — See aphonia. 

Hob-nail Liver. — See liver diseases, gin drinkers. 

Homesickness, Nostalgia. — Symptoms: Fondness for 
solitude, indulgence in grief and despondency, loss of appetite, 
pain in stomach, difficult breathing upon exertion, face and 
palms cold, white tongue with dark stains, white lips, drowsi- 
ness, unwillingness to attempt and inability to perform 
motion. Treatment : Tinct. of oats, or fluid extract of coca. 

Hydrocephalus. — Water on the brain, one form of tuber- 
cular meningitis (acute) ; basilar meningitis. See meningitis. 

Hydrocephalus Spurious. — Hydrocephaloid disease, 
pseudo, or false meningitis, a dropsy of the head as a compli- 
cation of summer complaint of infants in cities. Cause : Heart 
debilitated, blood thickened by the discharges, finally blood 
coagulates in the great veins of the head. Symptoms: Face 
pale, may be bluish and cold, fontanelle sunk inward ; stupor, 
pulse and respiration more and more feeble, convulsions, death. 
Treatment : Distinguish from inflammation. Lose no time. It 
is sometimes fatal in twelve hours. Stimulation and nutrition 
are the only hope. Hot mustard baths. See the stimulative 
treatment of cholera infantum. Also see prostration. Do not 
treat as a fever. 

Hydrophobia. — One of the most virulent of microbial 
diseases. Cause : Inoculation from rabies in an animal. Symp- 
toms: Great nervousness, irritability, despair, haggard look, 
sharp pains run up the limb from the point of inoculation, 
aversion to liquids, slight spasms increasing in severity, length 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 493 

and frequency, during which features are livid or purple, eyes 
protrude, thick, ropy saliva is abundant, muscular spasms> 
delirium. 

Treatment : As soon as possible after the bite ligate between the 
wound and the heart thoroughly; then cut all around and below it so 
as to take out every particle of flesh that came in contact with the 
tooth, then foment with hot water to promote bleeding, then cauterize 
the whole wound with lunar caustic, aqua fortis, or a red hot iron, 
then keep patient thoroughly stupefied with skullcap tea until a phy- 
sician can be called, or if one is not procurable, give lobelia by stomach 
or enema to the point of nausea and an alcohol vapor bath or full pack, 
repeating the lobelia until physician comes. The poison may be 
absorbed through a mucous membrane without a wound, in which case 
give the skullcap or lobelia and bath treatment while waiting for the 
doctor. If within reach of an institute seek inoculation by Pasteur's 
method. 

Hydrocele. — See sexual diseases, male. 

Hyclrotliorax (dropsy of the chest). — Cause: Pleurisy, 
or organic disease of the heart. Symptoms : History of the case, 
difficulty of breathing when in bed, lungs clear on percussion 
from top to bottom in recumbent position, but dull up to the 
water level in upright position. Treatment: As for dropsy. 

Hyperesthesia (acute sensitiveness of skin to external 
impressions). — Treat the disease of which it is a symptom. 

Hypermetropia (hyperopia) Far-sightedness. Rem- 
edy, proper glasses. 

Hypertrophy (enlargement). — Of breast: Cause, obscure. 
Treatment, alterative and tonic ; not encouraging. 

Of Heart: Cause, tobacco, tea, alcoholic stimulants, worry, 
mental strain, diseases of brain and blood, violent muscular 
exercises, sexual excitement, and malt liquors. 

Symptoms : Vertigo, noises in the ear, redness of face, or plethora; 
respiration, pulse, and temperature high, numbness in left hand and 
arm, difficulty of breathing, fulness about the heart. Treatment: 
Avoid the cause ; nutritive diet; flannel clothing; fresh air, mountain- 
ous region, general massage; calc. flnor.in alternation with ferr. phos., 
or heart regulated with digitalis and strophanthus in alternation. 

Of Liver; Cause, long continued congestion from the irritation of 
malaria and whisky. Treat as for chronic inflammation of lirer. 

Of Muscles: Cause, growth beyond adequate nerve supply, Treat- 
ment: Kali phos. and rest. 

Of Prostate, rest and alteratives.— See sexual diseases, male. 



494 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Hysteria (a form of neurasthenia, characterized by vari- 
able motor, sensory and intellectual disturbances). — Cause: 
Inheritance, anaemia, overwork, anxiety, grief, prostration, 
excessive sexual indulgence, masturbation, continence, fright, 
religious impressions, disappointed love, jealousy, uterine or 
ovarian diseases, digestive disturbances, etc. Symptoms: May 
simulate almost any disease, yet its sufferings are very real. 

Treatment ; As it depends on a perversion of function or of nutri- 
tion or of both of the central nervous organs, nutritive treatment and; 
moral influence are of supreme importance. Correct bad habits, estab- 
lish all good hygienic conditions, tepid sitz bath four to seven times a 
week, shoulder shower once or twice a week, general faradization and 
central galvanization every other day, or kali phos., and if sad, moody 
with irregular menstruation, natr. mur. 

Hysterical Fit; Cold douche to the head, ammonia to the nostrils,, 
firm pressure over the ovarian region; internally, valerianate of 
ammonia, or asafcetida. 

Icliorrhaemia. — A state of the blood in which it is 
charged with the germs of pus. Called septicaemia when fatal 
with no local formation of pus, and pyaemia when secondary 
abscess follows. 

General Symptoms : Rigors, sweating, rapid pulse, sallow skin, 

hay-like odor of breath, diarrhoea, dysentery, inflammation of serous. 

membranes, rapid emaciation and prostration. 

Treatment: The bacillus pyocyanes must be destroyed in the blood* 
Peroxide of hydrogen sprayed frequently in the room, one-half tea" 
spoonful taken every two hours, one-half to one ounce in a colon flush 
twice a day; or take lactic acid one and one-half drains to one-half pint 
of sweetened water twice a day. Open any abscess, wash out with, 
peroxide of hydrogen and poultice with charcoal, yeast or wild indigo.. 
Nutritive and rapid blood-making diets. Diaphoretic and excernent 
methods, strong as can be borne. 

Inanition, failure of nutritive functions. — Symptoms .- 

Feelings of malaise, and inability to do as much as usual. 

Heat reduction, diminution first of fat, then of muscular, and 

finally of nerve-center structures. 

Cause : Insufficiency of food, impaired digestion, catarrhal obstruc- 
tions to absorption. Treatment : Remove the cause. Adapt the diet to 
the condition. Give nutritive, blood-making, alterative and tonic 
methods as required. 

Incontinence of Urine. The causes are various. Excessive acidity 
of urine, over-irritability of the muscular coat of bladder, weakness 
of the restraining muscles, irritation of some part of the genital tract> 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 495 

too much urine, calculi, malformation of bladder, contraction of walls 
of bladder. 

Treatment: Treat the cause; see that the bladder is emptied the 
last tiling before retiring; if the wetting occurs with regularity at a 
certain time, wake him one-half an hour before that time for urina- 
tion ; little fluid at supper and in the evening; supper must not excite 
thirst; he must not get between cold sheets in winter; use blankets 
and avoid all causes of nervous tire; build up the nervous system by 
nutritious diet, not pastry and sweets, abundant sleep and not too 
much study, a daily rapid wash with cold, wet towel, dressing without 
drying, and taking" good run to get warm; much outdoor air. If a drug 
is needed, give five to fifteen drops of fluid extract of rhus aromatica 
three times a day and keep bowels open. If the cause be nervous, give 
kali phos.; if from weakness of muscular coat, ferrum phos. ; if from 
worms, natrum phos.; if all the above fail, belladonna every afternoon 
sufficient to dilate the pupil, usually one-eighth to one-fourth grain; 
if the afternoon dose does not accomplish it, repeat at bedtime. 

Indigestion. — May be gastric, or intestinal and hepatic. 
If in stomach, pepsin ; not relieved, an emetic with more 
frugal diet for a few days, or diet of carbo-hydrates with very 
little albuminous substance. If intestinal and hepatic, pan- 
creatine and ox gall ; not relieved, csecal flush and liquid diet 
excluding the carbo-hydrates. Either, not thus relieved, — see 
dyspepsia. 

Inflammation. — An excess of heat and congested 
circulation, may be either acute (active), or passive, or chronic. 
Acute when accompanied with rigors and fever; sub-acute when 
there is no fever ; chronic, a sequel of either of the others, or 
may come without them. All terminate either by resolution, — 
that is, general dissipation of the effects and restoration of nor- 
mal condition, or any other one of five ways. First, effusion 
of serum, that is dropsy ; second, effusion of blood, hemorrhage ; 
third, effusion of lymph, causing induration, thickening, 
mechanical obstructions ; fourth, formation of pus ; fifth, gan- 
grene, mortification. 

Treatment: To secure resolution, continued application of cold 
locally to astringe the vessels and abstract the heat, together with 
general revulsive treatment strong, to draw the circulation elsewhere; 
cooling treatment as needed for the fever; aconite or ferrum phos., 
according to the symptoms. This failing, treat effusion with rapid 
blood-making diet; kidney, skin and bowel excernent strong, see 
dropsy. Second, see hemorrhage. Third, seek to cause its absorption 
by local packs, and general alterative and tonic treatment. Fourth, 
see abscess. Fifth, see gangrene. 

Inflammation of Bone.— Cause: Injuries, poisons, the microbes of 



496 THE SECRET OE HEALTH. 

syphilis, rheumatism and tubercle. Symptoms: Deep, dull, severe 
pain, swelling of soft parts, rigors and fever, tends to caries or 
necrosis. Treatment: Rest, cooling method as needed, excernent 
active. Fomentations of lobelia days, chloroform liniment nights. 
If throbbing sets in, poultice and open as soon as indications are clear 
and inject peroxide of hydrogen. If necrosis occurs, known by gritty 
pus, treat as necrosis. 

Inflammation of the Covering: of the Bone (periostitis). — Cause: 
The same as inflammation of the bone, recognized by the history of the 
case and its sharp lancinating pain. Treatment: Lobelia in non- 
nauseating doses internally and keep fluid extract or oil of lobelia 
applied locally. 

Inflammation of the Brain. See page 411. 

Inflammation of the Brain, chronic— Cause: Shocks, blows, sun, 
mental strain, worry, depressing passions, drugs, rheumatism, gout, 
syphilis, tubercle. Symptoms: Pain in head, aggravated by noise, 
light, heat and motion; irritability, restlessness, sleeplessness, mental 
depression, pallor of skin, anxious countenance, arrested secretions. 
Treatment : Rest, avoidance of the cause ; excernent treatment average 
to strong; revulsive treatment mild to strong; alterative and tonic 
treatments ; nutritive diet. 

Inflammation of Membranes of Brain, acute, simple (meningitis). 
— See Page 411. 

Inflammation of Membranes of Brain (tubercular meningitis).— 
Simple meningitis with tubercular effusions. Next to cholera infantum 
one of the most fatal diseases of city children. Predisposing cause, 
tubercle; exciting cause, blows, falls, shocks, etc., city life and solar 
heat. 

Symptoms: Hot skin, malnutrition, short, dry cough, restlessness* 
irritability, headache worse by motion, light and noise; skin variable* 
tongue furred, breath offensive, constipation, drowsy, rolls head in 
sleep with eyes partially open, wakes screaming. If case progresses, 
child very quiet, countenance flushed or pale, eye-brows knit, pupils 
contracted, sensitive to light and noise, retching, pulse variable, fever 
high, stupor, head and heels thrown back, insensible, convulsions, 
paralysis, coma. 

Treatment: Insure sleep with sulphonal; cooling treatment for 
fever; quiet well- ventilated room; diet, mother's milk, or infant's food 
Nos. 4, 5, or 6, page 248-249; revulsive treatment so far as can be 
borne ; secure the best medical treatment obtainable. 

Inflammation of the Bladder.— See cystitis. 

Inflammation of the Bowels.— See enteritis. 

Inflammation of the Breast.— See breasts, inflammation of. 

Inflammation of Cellular Tissue.— Cause : The microbe of erysipe- 
las, the germs of the cadaver in post-mortems and poisonous bites. 
Symptoms: Erysipelatous inflammation of the skin with its burning 
and tingling, also throbbing; stiff, brawny swelling, irritated lym- 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 497 

phatics, rigors, fever, abcess in lungs, liver and other parts; perspira- 
tion offensive, stools fetid, stupor, delirium, difficult breathing, 
exhaustion. Treatment: Free incision and suction cups, warm water 
co promote bleeding; hot fomentations of solutions of boroglyceride; 
internally peroxide of hydrogen, or brewer's yeast one ounce doses, or 
resorcin. 

Inflammation of the Cornea.— See eye (cornea). 

Inflammation of the Eye.— See eye, diseases of. 

Inflammation of the Middle Ear (otitis media), including the 
membrane tympani, the tympanitic cavity, the mastoid cells and chain 
of ossicles with their muscles, vessels and nerves.— Cause : Cold, damp, 
rheumatism, gout, boils, injuries, use of hair-pins in the ear, also from 
inflammation of the pharynx, from scarlet fever, quinsy, diphtheria, 
and other diseases. Every inflammation of the lining membrane of 
the ear is a true periostitis, and every ulceration is a caries. 

Symptoms: The general symptoms of inflammation: Locally, lan- 
cinating pain in inner ear, impairment of hearing, giddiness, fullness in 
the head, increase of pain in moving jaws, head, or blowing the nose; 
great depression, suppuration sometimes in from twenty-four to forty- 
eight hours. 

Treatment: Give head vapor, followed by hot foot bath, then csecal 
flush; to bed; quiet well-ventilated room; heat to feet; two or three 
drops of pure mullein oil containing eight parts to 100 of peroxide of 
hydrogen, in the ear twice a day; ferrum phos. with kali mur. in 
alternation, dose every half hour; if suppuration occurs, then give 
calc. sulph. every hour until improved, then less frequently; follow 
with tonic and alterative treatment mild to strong. 

Inflammation of the Heart.— See carditis. 

Inflammation of the Kidneys (acute nephritis).— Cause: Tuber- 
cular diathesis, mental depression, poor living, cold, damp, exposure, 
injuries, strains, blows, calculi, beer or whisky drinking, drastic drugs. 

Symptoms: Generally as of fever and constipation, pain over kid- 
neys increased by pressure, sometimes even extends to bladder, groin, 
or testicles, numbness of front thighs, retraction of testicle, tympanitis, 
frequent micturition ; there may be casts, or blood or pus in the urine. 

Treatment: Lobelia emetic; full caecal flush; alcohol vapor bath, 
then to bed; cool compress to kidneys; strong revulsive treatment; 
cooling treatment according to fever; fluid diet. Elderberry syrup for 
a drink, after inflammation has subsided, or epsom salts one-fourth 
teaspoon ful largely diluted, or peach leaves, one dram infused in four 
ounces of tepid water. Two ounces every three hours cold. 

Inflammation of the Mucous Membrane of the Larynx (acute 
laryngitis).— Cause: Adult male sex, inhalation of hot or acrid sub- 
stances, abrupt exposure to excessive changes of temperature, some- 
times in typhoid fever, small- pox, etc. Predisposing cause, depression 
of the great sympathetic; very dangerous. Symptoms: Rigors, high 
fever, fauces red and swollen, pain over cartilaginous part of the 
throat, difficult breathing and swallowing, soreness, loss of voice, 
brassy cough, long inspirations, paroxysms of threatened suffocation, 
face and neck first flushed, then livid, later purple; eyes protruding, 

3-2 



498 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

great distress, chest heaves, patient grasps at throat, soon becomes 
delirious or comatose from non-oxygenation of blood, — duration of 
disease forty-eight to seventy-two hours. Treatment: Most heroic a» 
for croup, and secure best medical aid as soon as possible. 

Chronic (simple). — Soreness, rawness, redness. Cause: A succes- 
sion of acute attacks, or extension of chronic pharyngitis, or the same 
causes that produce the acute. Symirtoms: (Syphilitic) Copper-colored, 
dry, huskiness, microbe syphilitica. (Tubercular) Mottled appearance, 
bacillus tubercle. Treatment: Best hygienic conditions, diet nutri- 
tive and blood-forming, mouth and throat gargled daily with solution of 
boroglyceride or permanganate of potassa; spray two or three times 
daily with terebene, resorcin or menthymos; alterative and tonic 
treatments strong; compound oxygen daily; neck bandage forty 
minutes daily, re-wet once; daily water tread; body bandage twice a 
week. 

Inflammation of Liver (acute hepatitis). — Cause: Obstruction of 

bile ducts, or of hepatic and portal veins, mechanical irritation, heat. 

malaria, drugs, tight lacing, excess of carbonaceous food. Symptoms, 

Generally as of jaundice, with enlargement of liver, inability to lie on 

right side, high fever and pain worse by pressure. 

Treatment: Diaphoretic treatment strong, excernent liver and 
bowel strong, cooling as needed; copious drinks of hot water; com- 
press of vinegar and water one hour daily; revulsive treatment aver- 
age to strong; fluid diet. (Chronic hepatitis): Shirt wrap twice a 
week ; hot water three times a day ; caecal flush to secure free bowel 
movements ; china one hour before breakfast, mere. sol. one hour before 
dinner, lep. one hour before supper, pod. at bedtime; daily bath of 
warm weak lye, followed with sponging of equal parts of alcohol and 
water in which forty grains of quinine to the pint are dissolved; plain 
animal food, milk, eggs, white fish, fruit and vegetables; phosphate of 
soda used in place of common salt, or white mustard seeds whole, one 
to two teaspoonfuls in water an hour before each meal. 

Inflammation of the Lungs (acute pneumonia).— Cause: Cold, wet, 
inhalation of irritants, mechanical violence. Symptoms: Great lassi- 
tude, languor, debility, extreme difficulty of breathing, cough, prune- 
juice expectoration, flushed cheek, rigors, fever with evolution of the 
pneumococcus: called lobular when confined to one lobe; single when 
confined to one lung; double when both lungs are affected; pleural 
when the pleura is first affected; typhoid when complicated with 
typhoid fever. Has three stages.— First, congestion ; pulse 140 to 160, 
temperature 105, respiration 40; may continue from a few hours 
to a week or more. Second, red hepatization; all the symptoms 
of the first stage together with blueness or lividity of the skin, delirium 
or coma, strangled breathing; may continue one week or longer. 
Third, gray hepatization; fever less, heat, pulse and respiration low, 
rigors, colliquative sweats, almost incessant cough, thick, ropy, tena- 
cious pus ; if typhoid complication, tongue buff-leather appearance, very 



DISEASES AX1) THEIR TREATMENT. 499 

dry, or beef-red, or red at tip and edges with elevation of papillae; 
pulse small, wiry, frequent; diarrhoea, sordes on gums, eyes sunken, 
nostrils pinched, face white, tympanitic abdomen. 

Treatment: Perfect rest in bed, atmosphere kept moist, tempera- 
ture of 70 degrees; if constipation, enemas ; ferrum phos. every fifteen 
minutes. If with white tongue, mucous white and viscid, kali mur. ; 
with much loose phlegm, clear, frothy, worse in morning, natr. mur.; 
With wheezing, yellow, loose phlegm or watery mucous, cough in 
children, kali sulph. Neglected pneumonia, or in acute suppuration, 
With fetid expectoration, silicia. Revulsive treatment average to very 
strong; oxygen in some form almost constantly; dripping compress to 
chest continuously ; fluid diet ; treat fever as fever. 

Chronic Pneumonia: General tonic and alterative methods; if 
consumptive symptoms appear, treat as consumption. 

Inflammation of the Mouth (stomatitis).— Cause : Unsanitary 
modes of life, insufficient or deleterious food, over-crowding, infection. 
Three forms; first, follicular. Little blisters on the lips, cheeks, gums,, 
fauces. Second, ulcerative, when the blisters break. Third, gangre- 
nous, when the ulcerated patches deteriorate instead of improve. 
Symptoms : Copious saliva, fetid breath, mal-assimilation, restlessnessj 
fever, loss of appetite, offensive stools ; the patches first dirty yellow 
slough, later purplish with pulpy, gray matter; still later gums spongy, 
teeth loose. 

Treatment: Wash mouth and gargle throat every hour with tea- 
spoonful of a saturated solution of boroglyceride in half a tumbler of 
sage or thyme tea, and internally every three hours five to ten grains 
of resorcin in water, or a few drops of peroxide of hydrogen ; blood- 
making diet. Or, in place of the above, for redness and heat, ferrum 
phos.; white ulcers and fetor of mouth, kali mur.; ashy gray ulcers 
and fetid breath, gums bleed easily, kali phos.; for salivation, natr. 
mur.; peeling of lower lip, kali sulph.; anaemia, and pale, painful 
gums, calc. phos. 

Inflammation of the Nails (onychia). — Cause: Mechanical inju- 
ries, broken down states of the constitution. Symptoms: Suppuration 
at the root with a foul ulcer spreading in all directions. 

Treatment: Drip solution of hot permanganate of potassa on it 
night and morning; poultice with linseed and yeast in the intervals, or 
wash out with peroxide of hydrogen and dress with the same mixed 
with one or two parts of glycerine; nutritive diet ; tonic and alterative 
treatment. 

Inflammation of the Nose, see acute catarrah. 

Inflammation of Pituitary 3Iucous Membrane (traumatic rhin- 
itis.) — Much like acute coryza.— Treatment : Frequent sprays of alkaline 
solutions for cleansing, and wear plugs of absorbent cotton to protect 
from irritants; general alterative and tonic treatment. 

Inflammation of the Parotid Gland (mumps). — Symptoms: Those 
•f fever with pain and swelling over one or both parotids, stiffness of 
jaw, soreness in swallowing. Treatment: For the swelling, kali mux, 
every one-half hour to every two hours; if there is fever, ferrum phos. 
in alternation; with much saliva, or swelling of testifies, natr. mur., 
or swelling of breasts or testicles apis. mel. 



500 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

Inflammation of the Pleura (acute pleuritis). — May be acute, .sub- 
acute, or chronic; on one side or both. Cause: Exposure or fractured 
ribs. Symptoms : Those of mild pneumonia with a stitch or catch in 
the side, aggravated by expansion of the lung, coughing, moving or 
lying on affected side, or by pressure; frothy expectoration, friction 
sound to be detected by the hand over the affected place; may end in 
dropsy of the chest or emphyema. Treatment : Treat as for pneumonia 
with the addition of a flannel bandage pinned every inch from the 
armpit to the lower rib so as to prevent motion of the ribs. 

Chronic Pleuritis : Alterative and tonic treatment ; excernent treat- 
ment average to strong; applications of pustulent lotion every day or 
two until the catch is no longer felt. 

Inflammation of Peritoneum (peritonitis).— Predisposing Cause: 
Depression of the great sympathetic. General Cause; Severe parturi- 
tion, abortion, exposure to cold and fatigue after confinement or during 
menstruation, or by fluids thrown into the womb, finding their way to 
the peritoneum; injury. May occur in the course of Blight's disease. 

Symptoms: May have a gradual onset, first abdominal pain and 
soreness, or it may come on suddenly being ushered in by a chill; 
a burning lancinating pain over the abdomen increased by deep 
inspirations, and the respirations shortened and increased in fre- 
quency; any movement or pressure of bedding causes intense pain; 
Eatient lies'on back with legs flexed; vomiting, may be stercoraceous; 
owels generally constipated; temperature raised, pulse small, wiry, 
quick, face drawn, mind clear, sometimes retention of urine. 

Treatment: Most constant and persistent. Call physician soon as 
possible. Meantime empty the colon thoroughly with hike-warm 
csecal flushes. Then wrap the feet to the ankles and the hands to the 
wrists in coarse cloths wrung out of vinegar and water equal parts 
and covered with three or four thicknesses of flannels. Re-wet every 
hour. Place a rubber under the patient, and with as long a tube as can 
safely be inserted, run a continuous flow of water five to ten degrees 
below the temperature of the body into the colon, and let it find its 
own exit to the rubber and thence into a pail below. At the same time 
keep a dripping compress of vinegar and water same temperature all 
over the abdomen. Ferrum phos. every one-half hour. Keep up the 
dripping compress and inner flow resolutely until the inflammation 
yields, then discontinue gradually. Sustain with very small portions 
of bovinine or nutritive beef tea. In convalesence feed very cau- 
tiously a liquid diet. 

Inflammation of the Rectum (recti tis).— Cause : Violence or foreign 
bodies in the bowel. Treat as dysentery. 

Inflammation of the Retina (retinitis).— Cause: Vivid light. Seek 
the best medical aid immediately. 

Inflammation of the Stomach.— See gastritis, acute. 

Inflammation of the Spinal Cord (myelitis). — Cause ; Blows, 

shocks, microbial diseases. 

Symptoms : If located in the cranial portion, convulsive movements 
of head and face, inarticulate speech, difficult swallowing, spasmodic 
breathing, paralysis. If in the cervical portion, difficult breathing, 
impossible to raise the head, pricking in arms and hands, paralysis of 
arms. If in the dorsal portion, pain over affected part, or pricking in 
fingers and toes, great difficulty of breathing, paralysis of arms and legs. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 501 



If in the lumbar portion, paralysis of lower extremities, abdominal pain, 
corded sense about the body, first retention Then incontinence of urine, 
involuntary stools; wherever located, pain increased by pressure. 
Treatment:* Seek best medical aid immediately. Meantime, give 
strong revulsive treatment, and sustain with fluid diet. 

Inflammation of the Tonsils (acute tonsilitis).— Predisposing Causes : 

Constitutional weakness, tubercular tendency, mercury and other 

poisons. Exciting Causes: Cold, damp, cold drinks when body is 

warm, changes of temperature. May be in one or both tonsils, or in 

one then in the other as the first gets better. The tonsils are composed 

of follicles or secreting sacks bound closely together and ending in 

about fifteen ducts which discharge their lubricating fluid. Three 

stages : 1st, inflammation of the outer surface ; 2d, more deeply seated 

well down the ducts; 3d, the whole structure inflamed. 

Symptoms : First, languor, debility, chills, pressure, and stinging 
in parts, difficult to swallow, pain in eustachian tube, stiff jaws, fever, 
loss of appetite, hawking and spitting, tonsils swollen. Children may 
be delirious; lasts three to six days. Second, follicles involved, dis- 
charge offensive, symptoms same but more severe, deafness sometimes, 
temperature 102 to 103, tenacious, partly opaque mucus over the parts', 
fixed, oval, yellowish spots on membrane; lasts five to eight days. 
Third, when inflammation reaches the tissues of the glands the 
symptoms are still worse ; suppuration in a few days, lasts indefinitely, 
but usually relieved as soon as it discharges. Distinguish from scarla- 
tina by absence of strawberry tongue, exposure, absence of rash, etc. 
Distinguish from diphtheritic sore throat by the ovoid form of the 
patches instead of the roundish, very white and spreading patches 
distinctly upon the surface and soon elevated above it as in diphtheria, 

Treatment: First, keep in room; hot colon flush; compress of cold 
mullein tea on throat well covered with flannel; hot lemonade freely 
as a drink, hot foot bath; inhale hot vapor every few hours. Second*, 
keep in bed in warm room filled with vapor of vinegar water, one part 
to four; head vapor bath daily; frequent gargles of hot milk alter- 
nated with tepid gargles of sage tea with ten grains chlorate of potash 
to the ounce; hot colon flusli and hot foot bath; over the tonsil put a 
plaster of lard thickened with lobelia powder, over which and envelop- 
ing the throat, continue the mullein compress; diet of milk, bovinine, 
clam juice, beef tea, etc. Third, if throat is dull red, inhalations of 
camomile steam and continue treatment as in No. 2; if pain becomes 
throbbing, change the compress to linseed meal poultice, and when the 
abscess points, i. e., shows a yellowish ovoid spot soft to the touch, give 
a smart lobelia emetic to break it and eject its contents. Use camo- 
mile and peruvian bark tea all through as a tonic. Follow the dis- 
charge with gargles of peruvian bark and golden sea!, alternated with 
gargle of permanganate of potash four grains to the ounce. The 
attending fever should be treated with full, warm baths, or sponging 
under the bed covering at such temperature as will not cause chills, 
lemonade drinks and tincture aconite seven drops in a tumbler of 
water, dose one teaspoonful every one, two or three hours, according to 
the fever. 

Inflammation of the Tongue (glossitis).— Cause : Usually some 
irritant poison. Symptoms: Those of intense inflammation. Treat- 
ment: Very thorough csecal fluph; diaphoretic treatment, especially 
jaborandi; fever symptoms treat as fever. 

Inflammation of Veins (phlebitis). — Cause: Infection from the 
germs of puerperal fever, erysipelas, pus and venereal diseases. Symp- 
toms: Pain in the course of the veins, veins thick, cordy, swollen, red, 



502 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

rigors and flying pains in body, irritant fever; veins may suppurate;, 
may cause embolism. Treatment: Suction and cauterization of the' 
wound; leeches along the engorged vein ; follow with hot fomentation 
of permanganate of potassa or peroxide of hydrogen ; or, paint the 
vein with creosote, then poultice with tincture of iodine in lime water, 
belladonna to keep the blood fluid, or permanganate of potash ; rapid 
blood-making diet, and seek best medical aid as soon as possible. 

Influenza. — Infusorial catarrh, the disease-germ amoeba 

enters the blood and gives rise to languor, debility, fever, colic* 

diarrhoea, dysentery, bronchitis. 

Symptoms : Besides severe nasal catarrh symptoms, sore throat, 

nervous disorder, fever, very high temperature, great depression of 

the heart, and distress in breathing from accumulation of carbonic 

acid in blood; expectoration slight at first, then stringy, often bloody; 

bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, gastritis, neuralgia, nausea, vomiting 

and diarrhoea are common complications. 

Treatment: If vigorous, sponge bath of vinegar and water every 
hour and remain in bed in the intervals. Add diaphoretic method 
strong as can be borne without debilitating; particularly jaborandi'. 
If feeble, warm baths, heat to feet, strong antiseptics, iodine, sulphide 
of lime, etc., in room, air kept moist. Peroxide of hydrogen and glyc- 
erine equal parts, internally one-half to one teaspoon tfhree to six 
times a day; cactus grand, for heart; kali phos. for nerves. Menthol 
sprays of one to ten per cent, in fluid vaseline often beneficial. Conv- 
pound oxygen inhalation gently, two or three inspirations every hour 
through the nostrils, water in inhaling bottle being kept warm; avoid 
breathing cold air or sleexnng in cold room until recovered. Fever 
diet; treat complications as they occur. Alterative and tonic method* 
in convalescence very thoroughly. v 

Insanity. — That condition of mind in which the ins- 
pulses irresistibly override the restraining faculties of wilt, 
judgment, reason and conscience, or in which certain feelings^ 
affections or impulses are perverted, but with power of correct 
reasoning on other things, or in which there is a general 
wreckage of intellect, and madness or vacuity supervenes. 
Cause : Predisposing ; inheritance, nervous shock, brain dis- 
ease : exciting ; anything that tends to weaken the regulative 
faculties. 

Symptoms : Delusions: i. e., False beliefs relating to something 
that has a real existence, as that of the possession of a royal title, ete. 
Illusions; i. e., False interpretation of the true reports of the senses, 
e. g. y a reed is a scepter, etc. Hallucinations: False reports of the 
senses, i. e., things are heard or seen that have no existence. Actions 
against self-interest, with no justifying motive; as indecent exposure, 
self-mutilation, suicidal attempts, acts of violence against others, or 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 503 

^as in pyromania, to set things on fire. Mania: Delirium, or violent 
actions and words. Kleptomania and monomania are mild types of 
this kind of insanity. Melancholia: Woe-begone feelings and expres- 
sions, delusions of the most depressing nature, as that of having com- 
mitted the unpardonable sin, etc. 

Treatment: If predisposition is known to exist, promote the general 
health by the hardening, secernent, excernent and nutritive methods, 
and specially guard against all exciting causes. If insanity is already 
established, removal of the exciting cause, sleep, mental rest or diver- 
sion, nutritious food, and the normal action of the excreting organs, 
are the objects to be secured by the best means within reach until 
competent medical supervision can be secured. Warm baths, some- 
times full packs; sultonal if ladies' slipper or scull-cap prove too 
weak to secure sleep. 

Insomnia (sleeplessness). — Cause : Either a hvper- 

semic or anaemic state of the Jbrain, transient, or more or less 

permanent. 

Treatment : Remove the cause. Secure the best conditions of 
sleep. These are perfect quiet, or monotony of sound, like the surf; 
fatigue to some extent, but not enough to induce fatigue-fever, dark- 
ness, satisfied appetite, freedom from pain, warm extremities, favor- 
ing position. This should be on the right side, so that the heart can 
recline on the middle lobe of the right lung as on a cushion without 
cramping the other lobes, and the pyloric orifice of the stomach allow 
reads passage of the food into the duodenum; head slightly drawn 
down on the pillow, which should compress only to a thickness corres- 
ponding with the distance from the neck to the point of the shoulder, 
to give free action to the respiratory muscles and throw the stomach 
and liver downward and relieve the diaphragm from pressure; the 
right arm by the side and the left on the thigh, and every joint flexed 
enough to insure unobstructed flow of arterial blood, and no joint 
resting on another so that the flow of venous blood be unchecked, and 
the nerves be not obtunded. If hypercemic: there is an over-supply of 
blood, as from excessive study, reading by a heating gas jet or lamp, 
congestion of the brain, etc. Warm water to the head, allowed to 
evaporate freely, heat to the feet, general revulsive method as needed. 
No reading or study in the evening. Ferr. phos. Un-dry cold sponge 
bath daily. Nerves*tend to sleep by absorbing more water than when 
active, therefore a tepid or warm full bath at bed-time. If anevmic ; 
blood-making diet, alterative and tonic methods average to strong, 
kali phos. A little liquid food at bedtime. Further treatment needed, 
see neurasthenia. Sulfonal if positively necessary. The blood stimu- 
lates the nerves in waking hours and feeds them during sleep, there- 
fore sleep much in anaemic conditions. If with spasmodic twitches, 
mag. phos. 

Sleeplessness of Children.— Coffea and bell, in alternation. With 
flatulency and green stools, cham. If from overloading stomach, 
ipecac and pulsatiila. 

Intestinal Obstruction (invagination or intussuscep- 
tion). — Symptoms: Sudden, severe, persistent colicky pain, 
remitting, then returning again and again, vomiting, tenesmus, 
constipation or diarrhoea, hemorrhage ; diagnosis difficult. 
Treatment : Place patient with hips high and shoulders low, 
and give three quart enemas of mild lobelia tea lukewarm, or 
catnip tea with boneset and lobelia ; pressure upon the anus 



504 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

and kneading of the abdomen ; retain three or four hours. 
Call physician. 

Ivy Poisoning. — See poisoning. 

Jaundice is marked by a yellow skin, with or without 
itching ; sweating is frequent, pulse slow, irritability and 
depression, secretions colored with bile and stools clay-colored, 
while hemorrhage may occur as tiny spots under the skin. 

Cause: Obstruction to the gall duct, as the pressure of foreign 
bodies, or a swelling and inflammation of the duodenum, stricture of 
the duct, tumors pressing upon it, faecal accumulations and ihe pres- 
sure of a pregnant uterus. May occur without obstruction, as in acute 
yellow atrophy and the poisons, as of malarial typhoid fever, blood 
poison, etc. 

Treatment : Exercise 13 a, drawing in a deep breath as body is- 
bent forward. Wear over the gall duels an ointment made by stirring 
into lard as much pulverized lobelia seed as it will hold and remain 
an ointment. Retained enema No. 7 or 9 twice a day. Colon flush 
No. 10 every other day. Nightshirt wrap twice a week, sponge bath 
daily. Diet mainly of' green vegetables, fruits and cold water, and 
very sparing. Further treatment should be directed to the cause. 
For obstructive, use kali mur. and nat. mur. or, fi. ext. of hydran- 
gea thirty drops twice a day, or chloride of ammonium twenty grains 
in water every four hours. 

Kidney Diseases. — Acute nephritis, see inflammation 
of kidneys. 

Kidneys. — Chronic nephritis, or chronic Bright' s disease, is 
a degeneration, or breaking down of the epithelium of the lin- 
ing membrane of the uriniferous tubes, which chokes them 
up and obstructs secretion ; finally they become either perma- 
nently filled or collapse. 

Cause: Acute inflammation excited by the micro-organisms of 
serious diseases, such as scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc. Irritation from 
the excessive elimination of poisons, such as uric acid, lead, etc., and 
mechanical irritation from obstructed flow of urine by strictures, 
enlarged prostate, cystitis, tumors and pregnancy, and from valvular 
disease of the heart. 

Symptoms: General languor and debility perhaps for years, then 
loss of flesh, prostration, vertigo, spots before eyes, noises in ears, 
uriniferous skin, pearly conjunctiva, large flabby tongue, feeble pulse, 
cold extremities, weight and may be pain in kidneys; urine free, copi- 
ous, pale, albuminous, and of low specific gravity: towards the end 
may be scanty and high; dropsy, blood loaded with urea, its walls 
degenerated and arteries narrowed; casts, dyspepsia. 

Treatment: Unload the blood through the lungs, skin and bowels ,r 
and leave the kidneys as little to do as psssible; flannel clothing day 
and night; tepid baths daily; the home Turkish bath or an alcohol 
vapor once a week twenty to thirty minutes, or a full pack thirty to 
forty-five minutes twice a week ; the respiration tube freely; as much 
exercise as can be taken without fatigue; nightshirt wrap, cool, cold 
or hot according to the reacting power, once a week. 

The kidneys require rest, protection and innervation. The diet 
should give these things: Sustain animal heat and force largely by 
the fats, because they are burned and eliminated in the lungs. Reduce 
the force foods to the lowest quantity, and select them from those 
foods that are blood-purifying instead of excessively carbonizing, i. e.. 
the fruits instead of sweets and starches. Give only enough albumen 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 505 

to maintain the constructive work of the system, and in a form con- 
taining little mineral salts and no animal excreta, such as beef tea 
lias: i. e., confine the nitrogenous supply to milk and eggs strictly, 
and be sure that it is thoroughly oxygenated by deep breathing in the 
open air, and, if necessary, by the inhalation of oxygen or its absorp- 
tion in the stomach, or by retained enemas. If the fruit supply be 
short, entire wheat bread may be used moderately. Keep bowels very 
act ive with caeca] flushes at such a temperature as will not irritate the 
kidneys, which ean only be determined by experiment in each ease. 

The prominent characteristics, albumen, dropsy and uraemia, are 
mere ejects that will pass away of themselves upon removal of their 
causes. A compress of vinegar and water, one part to three, an hour 
each day on the kidneys, followed by quick ablution of the place in 
cool water. If the innervation be not sufficient from the food alone, 
add kali phos. in alternation with the calc. phos., and for heat in kid- 
neys, ferr. phos., a dose every one to two hours; for the albumen, calc 
phos. four to six times a day. 

Neuralgia of.— See neuralgia of kidneys. 

Lactation, Deficient. — Use ditania digitifolia. 

Laryngitis, Acute. — See inflammation of the larynx- 

Laryngismus Stridulus. — Spasm of the larynx in 
teething infants and neurasthenic females. The cause, in 
children, is irritation of special nerves ; in women, anaemia of 
the spinal cord. Treatment : Warm alkaline baths, hot 
fomentations to chest and throat, dry mustard in socks, com- 
pound syrup of lobelia freely, nutritive diet and tonic method. 

Leanness. — Local, as of breasts and chest under collar 
bones. Dr. Roussel, of Paris, treats successfully by injecting a 
feeble solution of eucalyptol in olive oil into the localities. 
Saw palmetto fl. ext. in teaspoonful doses three times a day % 
and the oil made into an ointment and rubbed on the breasts 
once or twice a day, is better. Hypodermic injections of 
bovinine should be tried. 

General, when the result of bad assimilation, see malassim- 
ilation ; when constitutional, no help but easy living, gradually 
inducing the lymphatic temperament. 

Lightning Stroke. — Excite breathing by a dash of 
cold water. This failing, resort to artificial breathing, as in 
drowning. Then perfect rest, gentle stimulants, bodily heat 
kept up by hot applications. Special injuries should be 
treated according to their nature. 

Liver, Diseases of. — The symptoms of cancer in the 
liver are those of liver and stomach ailments, pinched features, 
dejected expression, no fever, liver hardened and irregular, pains 
increased by pressure; death certain within a year. 



50(3 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Congestion of the Liver.— Symptoms same as for enlargement, 
with probably some jaundice. 

Treatment: For acute cases— injection of one piht of warm water, a 
.table-spoonful of epsom salts and one ounce of sweet oil. As soon as it 
has passed off, give a lobelia and composition emetic, and follow it 
with a warm bath and hot teas until perspiration is free. Ferr. phos. 
every twenty to sixty minutes. Kali mur. if tongue is white and stools 
light. Kali phos. if nerves are depressed. Nat. sulph. with green 
evacuations and sallow skin. Nat. mur. if with jaundice. After first 
day, the emetic, flush and bath as often as needed to keep up their 
general effects upon the system without weakening the patient. 
Fluid diet. 

Chronic Congestion of the Liver.— The emetic, etc., every week or 
second week. The appropriate medicine three times a day. A liver 
pack ol vinegar one-third and water two-thirds, half an hour daily. 
Drink hot water four times a day. Sponge bath daily. Diet free from 
sweets and starches, the carbohydrates being supplied in cooked 
fruits. 

Enlargement of Liver.— Symptoms : The early stage is like Indi- 
gestion ; later, loss of flesh, strength and appetite, pains about liver 
or right shoulder, and tenderness on pressure. Treat medically as for 
congestion of the liver, with occasional baths, etc. 

Liver, Fatty, is due to infiltration of the liver cells with globules 
of fat. Caused Wasting diseases, overfeeding, alcohol, acute phos- 
phorus poisoning. Symptoms: None characteristic. 

Treatment: If suspected, treat the cause. 

Gall Stones.— See calculi, biliary. 

Liver, Waxy, amyloid, scrofulous, albuminous, or lardaceous 
liver. Cause: Infiltration into the liver of the products of suppura- 
tion from some other part. Symptoms: Dyspepsia with diarrhoea, 
urine pale, increased and albuminous, emaciation, anaemia, enlarged 
spleen, short breath. 

Treatment: Cure the causative suppuration. Tonic treatment 
strong, with hygienic measures. Diets No. 12 or 13, or the more solid 
diets that are destitute of starch, fat and sugar. Inunctions of vegeta- 
ble oils. Excernent and secernent methods, as the case requires. 

Locomotor Ataxia. — A disease of the posterior part 
of the spinal cord. Can be treated only by a physician. Usu- 
ally deemed incurable, but in 347 cases in which Dr. Brown- 
Sequard's " elixir " was used, 314 were cured or greatly- 
improved. 

LiOck-jaw (tetanus). — Due to a specific micro-organism 
localizing in the medulla and extending down the spinal cord. 

Symptoms : Headache; in a short time the muscles of the face, 
neck, jaw, back and abdomen become rigid; there may be paroxysms; 
sensation and intellect not impaired ; great pain ; contraction of chest 
muscles may cause difficult breathing; pulse small and quick; tem- 
perature high. Patient often unable to take nourishment, any attempt 
increasing the paroxysms. Death follows from inanition. Duration 
usually three to five days. 

Treatment: Call physician as quickly as possible. Meantime, 
give very full csecal flush* of lobelia tea. Follow immediately with a 
hot bath, thirty minutes, containing a pound of lobelia herb pulver- 
ized, and give every ten to twenty minutes a teaspoonful of the fol- 
lowing: A heaped teaspoonful of lobelia seeds crushed, the same of 
the fresh plant, one tablespoonful of American valerian, and the same 
of powdered capsicum in half pint of brandy; shake well and settle. 
Should the bath not be practicable, apply cloths wrung out of hot 
lobelia tea to chest, abdomen and thighs; change frequently and con- 
tinue until physician arrives, unless spasm breaks; even then, con- 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 507 

tinue the stomach remedy in smaller closes at longer intervals, and 
alternate with it full doses of peroxide of hydrogen if possible. 
Cleanse the wound and inject peroxide of hydrogen, then poultice 
with tobacco and slippery elm. Keep room perfectly quiet and sus- 
tain with nutritive beef tea if possible. As much promptness and 
energy are required as in a case of hydrophobia. 

jLumbag'O. — Gouty or rheumatic neuralgia in the small 
oi the back, worse by bending the body forward. Cause : 
Anything that can prevent the proper nutrition of the nerve. 
Treatment : Tie on a cloth dipped in hot water and vinegar ; 
renew every hour ; or apply an ointment of three or four 
ounces lard, one-half ounce pulv. lobelia and one-fourth ounce 
capsicum ; or give ten drops fl. ext. of geisemium every four 
hours, or the negative pole of the faradic current strong, the 
positive at feet. 

Lungs, Bleeding From. — See Haemoptysis. 

Lungs, Cancer of.— Pulmonary carcinoma. Usually secondary to 
cancers elsewhere. Can only be determined or treated by a physician. 

Lung-s, Congestion of. — Cause. The active form is arterial, due to 
violent exercise, great altitude, inhalation of irritants; the passive 
is venous, due to regurgitation of blood from the heart, obstruction 
of the circulation. Symptoms: Blood-stained, watery expectoration 
and 1 he symptoms of dropsy of the lungs: sudden, rapid, dangerous. 
Treatment: Revulsive method, average to very strong. Perfect quiet, 
free ventilation, frequent change of position; fluid diet; ferr. phos. 
every half hour; call physician. 

3Ialassimilation (malnutrition), words that express a 
defective appropriation by the tissues of the elements of food 
.lid consequent loss of vigor. May be slight, as in mild dys- 
; : or extreme, as in severe anaemia and marasmus. 
Cause : Anything that lowers the tone of the nervous system. 
Treatment : When apparently uncomplicated, tonic method 
according to the case. Treat complications as separate 
disea-H<. 

3Ialaria. — See ague. 

3Iammary Undevelopment. — This is often the case 
with girls of nervous temperament, especially if the mind be 
highly cultured. It may result from disease, or want of devel- 
opment of the reproductive system. In any case, it is not only 
a serious deficiency in the attractiveness of the form, but 
augurs poorly for success in the possible future maternal func- 



508 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

tion of nursing her children. Xo young woman ought to con- 
sider herself justified in remaining in this condition, since th^ 
proper use of an appropriate massage brush, together with the 
internal and local use of the serenoa serrulata is almost cer- 
tain to correct the deformity at a small expense, together with 
a fair share of painstaking trouble. 

Masturbation is the excitation of the genital organs by 
the hand, by pressure, by friction, or by any means that pro- 
duces the pleasurable sexual orgasm in either sex. Ignorant 
nurses practice it upon restless children to keep them quiet, 
youths upon themselves and others, and even adults resort to 
it by perverted choice or as a makeshift for the natural inter- 
course that their instincts crave. If a male calf be castrate'! 
while young, he will make the patient, meek-eyed ox ; it' not 
until adult form has been obtained, he will become the slow, 
stupid, lifeless stag — the bull fire, courage and combativeness 
all gone, although the muscular form will be retained. So of 
other animals, and so of man. Eunuchs rarely ever exhibit 
even the average ability of men. The lesson taught by these 
facts is that the vim, enterprise, aggressiveness of men centers 
in the sexual system, and that anything that depletes that, robs 
the man of the noblest possibilities of his nature. 

Upon this point such prudish notions have been entertained by 
most parents that their boys have been allowed to go into the world 
uninstructed as to the facts of their sexual organism, and the result is 
that the ranks of civilization are crowded with half wrecks of man- 
hood surviving the innocently acquired and ignorant ly practiced self- 
abuse that has hurried other myriads through the gates of consump- 
tion and acute diseases into the other world. It is a sickening and 
horrid spectacle to the professional observer, and the worst hell that 
this world knows to its victims. 

One of the worst features of the case is that designing villains play 
upon the fears of these awakened but helpless sufferers, and by mag- 
nifying all the bad indications, cause them to almost despair ot help 
at all, then promise all sorts of impossibilities, for the sake of gain. 

The real truth is that physical, and, perhaps, mental damage will 
run all through life, regardless of the repentance of the subject. But, 
putting the soul right with God, and with all moral relations, confid- 
ing in Him for help, and then adding appropriate medical treatment, 
the majority of cases can so far recover as to reduce the lifelong dam- 
age to a small per cent. 

We write thus plainly just here because of the tremendous import- 
ance of the subject. The possibilities, perils and conquests of man- 
hood circle right about this pivotal point. The evil not only blasts 
young manhood, but enters the marriage circle with withering power 
and plants decay upon the very shrine of adult power. Disappoint- 
ment, disgust, alienation, separation, divorce, or an unnatural con- 
strained partnership without conjugality, are the successive steps that 
mark the downward progress from the altar to the welcome grave. 
But this is not all. Children are born emasculated of all the vim and 



DISEASES A^D THEIK TREATMENT. 509 

reserve power of normal childhood, who, if they survive the acute 
attacks of children's diseases, are nursed along only to slide at puberty, 
or later, into the many forms of decline that men deem so mysterious, 
but that God, in mercy to humanity, has established in order, by "the 
survival of the fittest," to keep virility in the race at all. 

Maiiia-a-potu (delirium tremens). — See alcoholism. 

Marasmus. — A disease of the mesentery glands, whose 
function is to raise the blood discs from white to red. In 
cholera infantum this function is destroyed and the tissues 
starved. Treatment : For the diarrhsea, elixir of coto bark 
ten drops or more each hour until checked. For the maras- 
mus, quebracho fl. ext. one to five drops three times a day. 
Blood-making diet, inhalations of oxygen. 

Mastodynia. — See neuralgia of breast. 

Measles (rubeola). — Symptoms : Fever, skin hot and 
dry ; restlessness, rash fourth day ; dry, ringing, croupy cough ; 
tongue coated, appetite lost, intense thirst. Rash first on tem- 
ples, forehead, neck, down to chest and arms, body ; suffused 
eyes, swollen lids, intolerance of light, puffy face, nasal dis- 
charge. The rash fades after three or four days, and the skin 
sheds in bran-like scales. 

Treatment: Guard against lung complications. Keep room dark- 
ened. Ferr. phos. frequently in first stage, less often later. Kali mnr. 
for hoarse cough and glandular swellings. Kali snlph., with warm 
covering, every hour, if rash recedes, and skin is harsh and dry. Nat. 
mur. occasionally for excessive tears or other watery secretions. 
With these remedies, and free spongings under bedclothes with tepid 
lye water, there are rarely any complications. Should any occur, treat 
each as a separate disease. Or, in place of above salts, give Helenine, 
one granule every hour. Drink cold water freely, a little at a time, 
and take puis, every two hours. If high fever, aconite in alternation. 
For sudden recession of rash, bry. and puis. ; eruption slow, gels, five 
drops in four ounces of water, dose one teaspoonful hourly. 

Melancholy. — See insanity. 

Meningitis. — See brain, inflammation of, and inflam- 
mation of spine. 

Menopause (change of life, climacteric, turn of life). — 
Natural cessation of menstruation, usually between forty-five 
and fifty, generally preceded by irregularity for a year or more. 
Sometimes attended with flushes of heat, colds, nervous pros- 
tration, uterine hemorrhage, and a great variety of unpleasant 
symptoms. One decisive symptom, viz., an accumulation of 
fat which often grows to form two distinct prominences on a 
level in the back of the neck with the two lower cervical 
vertebrae. 



510 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Treatment: More depends upon hygiene than medicine. When 
medicine must be used, the most mild and quieting articles suited to 
the case are the best. Avoid mental excitement and heavy labor, 
coffee and all fermented and alcoholic drinks. A hard bed, early ris- 
ing and early retiring for the fleshy, but slender and nervous women 
should sleep all night and after dinner. Avoid wet feet, damp cloth- 
ing and houses, and close rooms; also avoid sexual intercourse until 
the period is past. Nutritious diet, flannel clothing, general tonic 
treatment, change of scene if practicable, if not, change of reading, 
and, to some extent, occupation. Not often fatal. Fewer women than 
men die between forty-two and forty-nine. 

For constipation, rectal flush of sugar or molasses and water, or 
of boneset tea, fifteen minutes before stool. Ripe fruits, succulent 
vegetables and brown bread. If not sufficient, hot eaecal flush twice 
a week. 

For dizziness, headache and flashes of heat, drinks of whey, tepid 
or warm sponge baths with light friction. A lobelia pill every four or 
six hours. 

For cold feel , cold water tread daily, when there is sufficient power 
of reaction ; in other cases warm foot baths with mustard or capsicum. 

For apoplectic symptoms, a, retained enema of a teaspoon ful of 
lobelia, and lady's slipper. Tepid baths once a week, followed by light 
friction from the bare hand of a friend. 

Milk-leg* (phlegmasia dolens). — See parturition, disei 
of. 

Miscarriage. — See abortion . 

Mouth, Diseases of. — For Aphthce, see Aphthe : for 

gangrene, see gangrene of mouth ; for nurse's sore mouth, see par- 
turition ; for salivation of pregnancy, see pregnancy, diseases of. 
In salivation mercurial, the gums, salivary glands, mucous mem- 
brane of the mouth and tongue become excessively inflamed, 
saliva and mucous flow sometimes several pints a day, breath 
fetid, copper taste, may lead to ulceration of the gums, loss of 
teeth, and even portions of the jaw bone. Use as a gargle every 
hour one-half teaspoonful of chlorate of potash to an ounce of 
water. 

Thrush is an inflammation of the mouth with curd-like 
patches, and sometimes extends down the throat, with symp- 
toms of simple inflammation. Attend to the infant's diet; 
improve the general health ; wash the mouth every second 
hour with one dram of borax to one ounce of glycerine and 
water, or with one dram of borax in an ounce of strained honey. 

Ulcer (canker ; cancrum oris). Grayish or yellowish white 
ulcer with red margin, painful, may be fever. The treatment 
is the same as for thrush, with the addition of smearing the 
ulcers, between the other applications, with hydrogen peroxide 
and glycerine in equal parts. 

Mumps. — See inflammation of parotids. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 511 

Myopia (nearsightedness). — Wear concave glasses. 
Nephritis. — See inflammation of the kidneys. 
Nervousness and Nervous Prostration. — Words 

that indicate different degrees of the neurasthenic condition. 
Slight nervousness indicates but a transient deficiency in the 
storage of force in nerve tissues. Needs rest, nutritious diet 
and general hygienic and tonic measures. Nervous prostration 
may be practically regarded and treated as neurasthenia. A 
diet exclusively of wine whey is sometimes appropriate until 
able to take the neurasthenic diet. This may be aided by the 
following nutritive enema : Two eggs, one-half teaspoonful 
salt, one tablespoonful of warm water. Beat well and inject 
three times a day, one hour after cleansing the rectum with 
hot water. 

Neurasthenia. — A lack of nerve force manifesting 
itself through the organic functions, as nervous dyspepsia, 
diarrhoea, vomiting, amenorrhcea, retention of urine, etc., or 
through the sensory functions, as neuralgia, anaesthesia, or 
paralysis of special senses, or through the muscular functions 
in general or local convulsions, or through the psychical func- 
tions, as hysteria. 

Cause: Degradation of the primary molecules of nutrition of 
brain and nerve tissue into diseased germs, in consequence of sexual 
abuse, the use of narcotics, worry, care, excessive brain work, insuffi- 
cient sleep, social dissipation, unhygienic habits, following the over- 
developed intellectuality of childhood. 

Symptoms : According to the particular functions implicated. 

Treatment: In extreme cases, the rest cure, see page 273. For 
ordinary cases, as much rest, with good ventilation, as can be secured. 
Begin treatment with a thorough colon flush ; massage after thorough 
sponging with castile soap and water, by a young, vigorous person 
half an hour twice a day over the entire frame, followed by electricity, 
faradic current from one-half to three-fourths of an hour twice a day, 
sponges moistened with salt water, placed about four inches apart and 
moved slowly up and down the muscles until they fully contract; to 
be used all over except neck and head. The massage to be gradually 
increased to five hours a day. Diet : At 5 a. m. a cup of nutritive beef 
tea with a dyspepsia cracker, to be followed by the first massage and 
electrical treatment of the day, and those to be followed by oatmeal 
porridge and cream. Breakfast at 9 a. m.; our toast, soft boiled eggs 
or broiled beefsteak and our coffee. At 11 a. m. a goblet of milk, 
kumyss, matzoon or kumyssgen. One p. m. dinner; boiled white fish 
or chicken, or mutton chop, with bread, fruit and cream. At 3 p. m. 
lunch as at 11 a. m., followed by massage and electricity, and these 
followed with beef tea or Mosquera's beef cacao. At bedtime a cup off 
hot. milk or two ounces of grape juice. As patient improves, the 
lunches can be diminished in quantity, and finally omitted entirely, 
and the meals correspondingly augmented as well as more varied. 

Neurosis. — Any disorder of the nervous system, as hys- 
teria, epilepsy, etc. Treated under the respective names. 



512 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Neuralgia, — Nerve pain. Cause : Defective nutrition, 
overwork, worry, mechanical injury, chemical or disease-germ 
irritation, exposure to cold ; certain diseases predispose to it, 
anaemia, malaria, etc. 

Symptoms : May have chilly feelings and pain first, then sharp, 
burning, acute pain, increased on exertion. May come in paroxysms. 
Skin over pain may be less sensitive, or the sensitiveness may be 
greatly increased. Attacks may be at intervals, or not for a long time. 

Treatment: First, or the irritative kind: Locally, fomentations 
of lobelia and retained enemas of lady's slipper, and lobelia emetic if 
necessary ; warm bath ; non-irritating food and drink. 

Second, the defective nutrition kind: General nutritive and blood- 
making methods; locally, rub with hot vegetable oils; retained enema 
of skull cap; warm clothing; hardening or tonic, methods as required; 
subcutaneous injections of bovinine near the seat of pain; tapping 
massage, force gradually increased, but not so as to cause pain. 

General Treatment: Rest from care and worry. When worse in 
evening and in heated atmosphere, better in cool, open air, kali, sulph. 
When cold relieves, ferrum plios. When heat relieves, and cold aggra- 
vates, magne. phos.; but with excess of tears, natr. limr. In anaemia* 
sensitive to light and noise, relieved by gentle motion or pleasant 
excitement, kali phos. Night periodical neuralgia with crawling cold- 
ness, numbness, worse in bad weather, calc. phos. With white tongue, 
kali mar. As a general application, menthol crystals one dram, oils 
of cloves and cinnamon twenty drops each, alcohol four ounces, applied 
locally. 

Neuralgia of Anus.— Commonly from fever or irritable ulcer, or 
reflex from some genital disturbance. Treat the cause. 

Neuralgia of Breast (mastodynia).— Cause: Corsets, reflex from 
irritation of the genitals, occupation. Treat the pain according to the 
general methods specified under neuralgia; remove the cause; general 
tonic and alterative methods. 

Treatment: One teaspoonful of fl. ext. of passiflora every three 
hours, and tinct. of oats ten to twenty drops every three hours. If nec- 
essary apply chloroform, aconite and belladonna liniment, or bella- 
donna plaster. Locally fomentations of lobelia, or menthol mixture, 
as in neuralgia. 

Neuralgia, Cervico-Tracheal. — Treat medically as for cervico- 
occipital. Electrical: Treat through and through both ways, light cur- 
rent five minutes, then hands holding negative, treat affected parts 
with positive ten minutes. 

Neuralgia, Cervico-Occipital (upper part of the neck and base of 
the brain). — Tincture of oats ten to twenty drops in hot water every 
three or four hours for the anaemic variety. For the irritative cool 
compress locally and hot foot bath. Electrical, negative at base of 
spine, dampen hair and treat with positive over seat of pain and 
around the ears very light current fifteen minutes. For the anaemic 
reverse the currents. 

Neuralgia of Coccyx. — Cause: Blows, fractures, horseback riding, 
parturition. Symptoms: Pain and soreness on sitting down and rising, 
in walking, defecating, or any pressure on surrounding parts. TreaU 
ment: Nutritive diet; alterative and tonic methods; bowels opened 
with colon flushes; warm hip baths; retained enemas of lady's slipper. 

Neuralgia, Crural.— Medically, as in sciatica. Electrically, sponge 
electrode, negative pole, upper outside of thigh, positive p'ole from 
inside of upper thigh down, move negative down and treat through 
and through. 2. Treat as No. 2, in sciatica. 

Neuralgia of Ear (otalgia).— Rapid blood-making food. Thermo- 
ozone battery. 

Neuralgia, Facial (tic douloureux).— Treat the pain as for cerebro- 
occipital; or thermo-ozone battery; or aconite seven to ten drops 
in six ounces of water, dose one teaspoonful every twenty to sixty 
minutes ; or citrate of caffeine. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 513 

Neuralgia of Heart.— See angina pectoris. Diet Nos. 21, or 32, or 43, 
•or 48, etc. 

Neuralgia, Hemicrania.- One side of the face. Treat as facial. 

Neuralgia, Hysterical.— Fomentations of smartweed; internally 
tea of smartweed and lady's slipper, or valerian steeped, an ounce of 
the dry herb to a quart of water, without boiling. Dose one-half cup 
every one, two or three hours. 

Neuralgia, Intercostal (pleurodynia).— Paint with menthol one 
ounce, alcohol one ounce, oil of cinnamon thirty drops. Electrical: 
negative at base of the spine, treat affected side with positive pole, 
ten to twenty minutes. Or, if there be anaemia, apply the negative to 
the side, and use tonic method. 

Neuralgia of Kidneys (nephralgia).— Fomentations of hops locally; 
esecal flush of lobelia tea. 

Neuralgia, Rheumatic and Gouty.— Salicylate of quinine in six 
grain doses, two or three times a day. 

Neuralgia, Sciatic. — Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve. Medically 
treat as rheumatism. Electrically, first negative at feet, treat from 
feet all over. Second, negative at heel of affected leg, treat locally. 
Rub sulphur daily into the underclothing over the locality. 

Neuralgia of Stomach, — See gastralgia. 

Night Sweats. — Hot sponge bath, or inunction of qui- 
nine two drams, oil of cinnamon one dram, lard four ounces. 
Apply with brisk friction. 

Nipples, Excoriated. — Tannic acid and glycerine one 
part to four, applied frequently. 

Nipples, Fissured. — Calc. fluor. three times a day, or 
balsam peru one-half dram, tincture arnica one-half dram, 
almond oil one ounce, lime water one-half ounce. Apply 
locally. 

Noises in Head. — From blood pressure, inflammatory 
states, ferrum phos. ; with stuffy sensation, swelling of eu- 
stachian tubes, kali mur. ; in watery conditions, natrum niur. ; 
with weakness, confusion, general exhaustion, and for the 
aged, kali phos. ; ears open at times with loud report, silicea. 

Nose Bleed. — See epistaxis. Mustard over the stomach 
and on the calves. 

Nose, Red, not alcoholic. Bathe it in hot five per cent, 
solution of boric acid. 

Nostalgia. — See homesickness. 

Obesity. — Obesity is of three kinds : 1. Caused by too 
much fat in the food, which is incompletely oxidized in the 
system — over-fed corpulence. 2. Fatty degeneration in which 
the normal tissue is replaced by deposits of fat: — diseased cor- 
pulence. 3. The retention in the system of water, the unused 
products of digestion, and the broken-down tissue which should 
be expelled — cloister corpulence. 
33 



514 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 

Certain physiological facts are observable in corpulence. 
The blood vessels are smaller than the normal average, and 
pulmonary respiration is below medium ; short breath ; spas- 
modic respiration and suffocation result when pushed. Hence 
cutaneous respiration is more imperative, and ability to wear 
warm clothing correspondingly diminished. Hoarseness, ten- 
dency to sleep and disinclination to activity are marked. 
Digestion is frequently very rapid and there is a strong desire 
for meats. There is special danger of heart affections and 
apoplexy. In some cases corpulence persists, even on almost 
a starvation diet. 

Causes : In determining these regard must be had to two facts r 

(a) Cloister corpulence is the direct result of insufficient oxygenation^ 

(b) over-fed corpulence is often the result of a constitutional tendency 
by reason of which it is overfed, even though the real supply be less 
than the average, (c) Diseased corpulency may be the final product of 
either of the others. Of two monks, both on the same abstemious diet, 
one will remain spare and become almost shadowy, while the other 
waxes to enormous proportions. Our explanation is this: By consti- 
tutional tendency the respiratory process in some eases may be under- 
operative in the presence of conditions that make it normally active 
in others. In both cases, therefore, whether overfed or under-oxygen- 
ated, constitutional tendency is the prime cause. But what is consti- 
tutional tendency ? There are three kinds of nutrition, viz.: (1) Heat 
and energy nutrition, which keeps up the animal heat and supplies 
working power; (2) reparative nutrition, which replaces the wear and 
tear of the system; (3) growth-nutrition, which adds to the amount of 
tissue — normally confined to childhood and youth, except as seen in 
the healing of wounds by new tissue. By constitutional tendency in 
the overfed, we mean the growth-nutrition of childhood perverted 
and excessive in childhood, or perverted and prolonged beyond child- 
hood, the perversion consisting in the assimilation of fat mainly, 
instead of fat and bony and muscular tissues in due proportions. This 
tendency is sufficiently accounted for in all cases of obese inheritance, 
but when it originates in the individual, to explain it would require a 
careful scrutiny of all the dietetic, respiratory and active forces of 
his childhood. 

The Cure must be considered under two aspects, viz: (1) That 
which relates to the constitutional tendency, and (2; the merely inci- 
dental — i. e., diet and hygiene. Suppose a child abnormally fat were 
to be treated. Obviously the thing to be done is to exalt every other 
vital function than that of fat production until the proper balance 
becomes normal and continued; then the perversion has ceased. 
Those vital functions are other tissue production, tissue metamorpho- 
sis and elimination. The adult in the same condition has only perpet- 
uated that perversion of growth-nutrition beyond childhood and needs 
precisely the same treatment, with the added vigor necessary to overcome 
an established physiological habit. But, as these vital functions are best 
exalted by what we have termed the incidentals of diet and hygiene, 
so both may be embraced within the incidentals. 

Diet. Breakfast: Five ounces of lean meat or the yolks of two 
eggs, two ounces of stale bread or toast with a little butter, tomatoes, 
radishes or lettuce and a cup of clear coffee. 

Dinner: Seven ounces of lean meat or fish, spinach, string beans, 
beet tops, cabbage, asparagus, onions, cauliflower, celery, cresses, 
squash, turnips and cooked tart fruits as desired, rice or macaroni 
three ounces, lemon-water sparingly if urea is in excess, and plentiful 
if it is deficient. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 515 

supper: Yolk of an egg or one ounce of lean meat, two ounces of 
stale bread or toast with butter, four ounces of grapes, oranges, cher- 
ries, berries or sour apples and a cup of clear black tea. Avoid tat., 
thick soups, sauces and spices, hominy, oatmeal, white and sweet pota- 
toes, beets, carrots, starches, parsnips, puddings, pies, cakes, all s\\ 
milk, water if urea is in excess, alcoholic drinks, malt liquors, wine* 
and cider. If necessary, eat but one article at a meal. 

Hygiene: 1. Air of purest quality and in largest measure: system- 
atic out-door exercise, the most violent and long continued that pru- 
dence will allow, with all necessary out-door rest intervals. Liebig 
held that obesity consisted in a "want of equilibrium between res- 
piration and nutrition," therefore, help respiration up and put this 
kind of nutrition down. In other words, deepen respiration, which 
burns off the fat and removes solids from the body. Once every hour 
stand with hands pointing upward and ringers extended, then rise on 
tiptoe and stretch every muscle from toes to finger tips in the effort to 
reach higher. Once every hour stand on the right foot, take a deep 
inhalation and strike with the fist of the right hand straight out from, 
the shoulder three times before expiration. Rest one minute and in 
the same way strike with the left. Repeat two to six times. These 
exercises will be useless if taken in corsets or tight dresses. For this 
purpose any dress is tight that preyents the fullest possible expansion 
of the short ribs. 2. Much perspiration by forced exercise in warm 
garments, followed by sponging off with cold water, two or three times 
a day. This exercise' should be taken regularly, and may consist of a 
rapid walk, gymnastics, wood-pile, wash-tub, or anything that excites 
free perspiration and that can be repeated at the same hour every day. 
If the obesity be considerable, before resorting to any yiolent exercise 
a physician should be consulted, to be sure that the case is not diseased 
obesity, for if so, no self-treatment is safe. 3. Bowel cleansing three 
to <even times: a week. Take two to four quarts of hot water, contain- 
ing one to two drams of phosphate of soda, inject at bedtime and 
allow to pass off with the help of bowel kneading and shaking. 
4. Take hot vapor bath once or twice a week. 5. Medication. For foul 
tongue, three doses a day of fluid extract of bladder wrack is very 
helpful, but the medicine should not be relied upon to the neglect of 
i lie other parts of the treatment. Fluid extract of poke berries is also 
very efficient, but either medicine should generally be dosed by a 
physician to suit the case. 

Obstruction of the Bowels. — Complete stoppage of 
the passage. Cause: Strangulated hernia, permanent stric- 
ture, inflammatory adhesions to yvalls of abdomen, or of the 
inner coats of the bowel, tumor, impacted feces, solid concen- 
trations of chalk, magnesia, etc., intussusception, and spas- 
modic stricture. 

Symptoms: Colicky pain, increased by pressure, vomiting, tym- 
panites, feeble pulse, haggard look. Difficult to distinguish any of 

the last four causes from the others, but these lour onfy can be treated 
without physician ; hence always secure one immediately. If this 
not be done proceed as follows: 

Treatment : If of the rectum or colon repeated flushes of sweet 
oil two ounces, molasses four ounces, and milk one pint warm If of 
the small intestines, first clear the colon its entire length, then foot of 
bed raised ten or twelve inches, inject warm sweet oil as much as pos- 
sible, aid gently knead the locality of the ilio caeca] valve until a por- 
tion passes into the small intestines, them knead gently all around the 
navel and gradually no toward the stomach. Retain' it two orthree 
hours, if practicable. Then when the obstruction seems to be softened 
give four to six ounces of <weet oil by the stomach. Or. give enemas 
of peroxide of hydrogen one to three teaspoonfnls in flaxseed ten. 
This generates ozone gas, and by expanding the bowel, may relieve 
th.e obstruction. These failing, steep fifteen grains of tobacco in one 



516 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

pint of hot water, and give by stomach or enema one ounce every 
thirty minutes until nausea and tree perspiration. Finally, if neces- 
sary, rectal injections of one-half pint to one quart of kerosene oil 
diluted with equal quantity of warm water. 

Overwork Venous Congestion of Brain Symp- 
toms: Loss of grip on affairs, thoughts slow, despondency, 
tearfulness, fearfulness, tendency towards melancholia. Treat- 
ment: Rest, mustard on legs and arms, sleep, recreate. Nu- 
tritive diet. Revulsive method more strongly if necessary. 

Oxaluria. — Oxalic acid diathesis. The formation of 
oxalate of lime crystals in the urine, tendency to " mulberry " 
calculus. Cause : Impeded metamorphosis of tissue. 

Symptoms : Nervousness, irritability, hypochondriacal, emaci- 
ated, pain in loins, irritability of bladder, weakness; these are deci- 
sive only when oxalic deposits also occur in urine. 

Treatment; Much out-door air and exercise, much cold sponging* 
food in moderation, excluding all sweets, effervescent wines and beer, 
rhubarb, apples, and boiling all drinking water it* in a limestone 
region. If necessary, take on an empty stomach three t hues a day one 
teaspoonful of permanganate of potassium eight grains, water two 
ounces. 

Ozoena. — Treat as for nasal catarrh, chronic. 

Pain. — The cry of a nerve for food, or because of chem- 
ical irritation or mechanical injury. Treatment : Remove the 
cause. Never narcotize if relaxation will afford relief. Nar- 
cotics, opiates, anodynes, sedatives, all strangle the cry but do 
not remove its cause. Relaxants open the emunctories and 
drain off the chemical irritation. The starvation-cry and the 
injury-cry must have ministration appropriate to the need, not 
strangulation. There are four remedies of chief importance 
for the relief of pain in a strictly physiological way, without 
doing violence to nature. It may sometimes be necessary to 
resort to narcotics, but it should be clearly necessary, and 
abandoned as quickly as possible. 

Cypripedium Pubescens.— Lady's slipper is a pure nervous relax- 
ant, but should never be used in advancing putrescent conditions. 
Dose ten to thirty grains every four hours. 

Eupatorium Perfoliatum.— Boneset, thoroughwort, is nearly a 

Eure relaxant to muscular and fibrous internal structures, but should not 
e used in cold, sluggish states of stomach and relaxed bowels. Used 
cold it is a soothing and relaxing tonic. Used warm it is a slow and 
persistent diaphoretic, one ounce to one quart. Dose one to three 
ounces. 

Cimcifuga Racemosa- Black cohosh is a peculiar nervous relax- 
ant, soothing both body and mind. Softens and lowers the pulse, 
allays serous irritations and increases capillary circulation. Should 
not be used when pulse is depressed, skin cold and tissues relaxed. 
Dose five to ten grains every four to six hours. 

Lobelia is a universal relaxant, equalizing the circulation and open- 
ing the excretory organs. Should not be used in low, semi-putrescent 



DISEASES AND THETR TKEATMEXT. 511 



conditions. Emetic dose forty to sixty grains. Broken doses two 
grains or more as often a^ needed. 

First ascertain the kind of structure implicated, nervous, muscular 

or serous, then administer the remedy indicated by stomach or 

retained enema, and whatever relief results is curative, not deceptive. 
The parts are helped, nor deadened. For urethral pain, inject mullein 
oil also, one-half to one leaspoonful. 

Palate, Elongation (relaxation of uvula). — Gargle 

two or three times a day with an astringent, or negative sponge 
electrode at back of neck, repeatedly touch end of the palate 
with positive, fifteen minutes. Or paint it with tinct. calendula 
two drams, and tannic acid sixty grains, glycerine one ounce, 
three or four times a day. 

Palpitation. — See heart, diseases of. 

Paralysis. — Partial or complete loss of sensibility or 
power of motion of a part. 

Cause: "When there is no apparent cause the paralysis is called 
functional. Apparent causes are inflammations, disturbances of circu- 
lation, new growths, injury, pressure, poisons, as lead, arsenic, etc., 
infectious diseases. 

Symptoms: Inability to nse certain muscles. After awhile, from 
disuse, the muscles may become smaller, or atrophied. There may be 
anaesthesia or hyperesthesia of the skin. 

Treatment: Hemiplegia, paralysis of one half of the body from 
the crown of the head down; paraplegia, paralysis cf one-half of the 
body below some point of the spine, and local paralysis, i. e., of some 
single muscle or set of muscles or limb. Should all' be treated upon 
these general principles, v,z: 1. Ascertain if the canse be congestion 
of the brain, cord or local nerve. 2. If it be anaemia of the brain, cord 
or local nerve. If congestive, the application of a sponge wrung out 
of hot water to the spine will give burning pain. If anaemic it will 
not, and there will be other signs of anaemia. 3. If congestive, apply 
general revulsive treatment mild, and give a sponge bath under the 
bedclothes several times a day, rubbing dry with the bare hand. Fer- 
ritin phos. every one to three hours, and fluid diet. 4. If anaemic, nu- 
tritive and tonic methods, hot local baths alternated with cold, usually 
a two-fold change, i. c, hot two to five minutes, cold one. hot one. cold 
one-half, every other day. and on the alternate days apply the muscle 
r to the affected and adjacent muscles from five to fifteen min- 
utes. This may be made as follows: Take four sections of rubber 
tubing fifteen inches long and three-eighths of an inch in diameter. 

• in each a whalebone of about equal length. Now slip oi • 
of all the tubes into a larger tube three inches long, which will a 
for a handle. Tie tightly. Strike so as to increase circulation, but 
^ive' pain. Give kali phos. every two to three hours, and sleep 
much. 5. If from lead or mercury, and circumstances forbid a thor- 
ough coarse of packs and baths, give five to fifteen grain doses three 
times a day of iodide of potassa to form an insoluble compound with 
the poison. 

Electricity, selecting the current that give'; the greatest muscular 
contraction with the least pain, ia valuable, especially when caused by 
anaemia. The thermo-ozone battery is probably equally beneficial, 
and nuich more safe in nnpracticed hands. 

Paresis. — The paralysis of the insane. Infrequent, 

always fatal. 

Parotitis. — See inflammation of parotid-. Mom] 



518 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Parturition, Diseases of. — 

Child-bed Fever.— Inflammation of the uterus and peritoneum. 
Very dangerous. Call physician immediately. Meantime, as soon as 
these symptoms appear, viz.: slight chill and great depressions, 
another more severe, tenderness in lower abdomen, pulse rising, face 
flushed, pain, on back with knees raised. Move bowels freely with a 
pint of tepid soap water, and follow with retained enema every hour 
of an even teaspoonful of lobelia in a little starch water. Also give 
by stomach a tea of two parts white root, one each of ginger and 
lobelia in a pint of boiling water. 

Dose: Eight tablespoonfuls every fifteen minutes, and treat abdo- 
men, limbs and feet as for flooding. These failing, and breathing 
becomes short, countenance pinched, nausea, belchings of wind, vom- 
iting of yellowish, greenish or black substance, push the injections, 
double the dose of lobelia in the tea until free vomiting, then continue 
in small doses. By so doing life may be saved. An acidulated drink 
of water one pint, sugar one ounce, and pure hydrochloric acid one 
dram, or pure nitric acid thirty-live drops, or pure nitro-hydrochloric 
acid forty drops, is very agreeable and useful. Keep in glass or 
porcelain. 

Colic— Symptoms: Abdomen tender on light pressure, relieved by 
steady, firm pressure; slight bloating. No fever, headache, or other 
symptoms of childbed fever. 

Treatment: One teaspoonful of magnesia in mint water every foul 
hours; enema of one-half pint of catnip and white-root infusion. 

Convulsions, Puerperal. — Occur during and may remain aftej 
delivery. 

Treatment: (rive a tea of blue cohosh, lobelia seeds and ginger 
equal puis; cayenne half a part, a heaped teaspoonful to a pint of 
hot water. Dose, two or more tablespoonfuls every ten minutes. If 
unable to take if by stomach, give an even or heaped teaspoonful of 
the powder in three ounces of starch water as a retained enema every 
thirty to sixty minutes. If feet are cool wash them every two hours in 
strong cayenne water. 

Flooding. — Symptoms : Fast, soft, fluttering pulse, cold cheeks and 
nose, pale lips and signing respiration. 

Treatment: Lose no time, whet her there is any outward show of 
blood or not. Call physician at once. .Meantime secure firm uterine 
contractions, and draw the blood to the surface. Combine stimulants 
and astringents (more of the first than of the last) in a tea for the 
stomach, of which give one to six tablespoonfuls every three to ten 
minutes, or give the powdered articles in proportionate doses in tepid 
or starch water enemas until the tea can be prepared. Same if stomach 
rejects the tea. The best stimulant is cayenne pepper, but prickly ash 
bark, black pepper, smart weed or ginger may be used, and dosed 
according to its strength. The best astringent is bayberry bark, but 
hemlock bark, sumac bark, raspberry leaves, beth root or witch-hazel 
may answer. At the same time bathe feet, legs and abdomen with the 
strongest possible tincture or tea of red pepper, and then wrap in flan- 
nel wrung out of hot water, re-wet every ten minutes, with hot bricks 
to feet and hips. Flooding may be averted by the use of composition 
tea during the last two hours of labor. 

Pericarditis. — See heart, diseases of. 

Peritonitis. — See inflammation of the peritoneum. 

Perspiration, Offensive. — If of armpits wear daily a 
compress of pine twig, or hay-flower tea fifty minutes. Night 
shirt wrap, three times a week. Cold sponge daily, and keep 
bowels open with csecal flush. 

Petit mal. — A transient, mild form of epilepsy. 

Pertussis. — See whooping cough. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 519 

Pharyngitis. — Inflammation of the pharynx; sore 
throat. 

Cause: Exposure to cold when overheated; the irritation of much 
speaking, corrosive fluids, fumes, gases, dust, smoke, etc., the narcotism 
of tobacco. 

Symptoms; Pain, redness, swelling, cough, hoarseness, expectora- 
tion, difficult breathing ami swallowing. 

Treatment: Remove cause. Average or strong diaphoretic treat- 
ment immediately. Flannel bandage lour thicknesses, wrung out of 
hot water covered with similar bandage dry. Re-wet every rive min- 
utes three or four times, then oil-rub the throat a long time, then wrap 
in a soft linen cloth wrung out of warm water covered by a dry cotton 
one. In morning repeat the throat rub. If case is chronic, repeat 
local treatment every night, and three or four times a week take a hot 
sponge bath (alkaline) and rub dry with the hands. Inhale steam from 
a teakettle every evening. 

Phtliisis, Fever of. — Control as far as possible with 

Avater applications and air baths, avoiding antiphlogistic drugs. 
Apply the principles underlying the treatment of simple fever, 
using the wraps, baths, etc., at such temperature as is best 
found to accomplish the object in each case. If any article of 
diet, mode of exercise or custom increases the hectic, avoid it. 

Piles. — See hemorrhoids. 

Pin-worms. — See worms. 

Plethora. — A morbid increase of the red-blood discs. 
Cause: Excess in eating and drinking, and want of exercise. 
Treatment: Cut down food, increase exercise, or, if that be 
impracticable take oxygen freely, colon flush daily, alkaline 
sponge baths daily. Xo malt liquors. 

Pleurodynia. — See neuralgia. 

Pleurisy. — Inflammation of the pleura. Acute, Treat- 
ment : A full, hot bath, then in bed with wet compress on the 
part and redden the legs with mustard. Not procurable, 
aconite and bryonia in alternation every twenty minutes, or 
lobelia tea, one dessertspoonful every fifteen minutes, until 
pain ceases, then every two hours until well. Feet and hands 
in hot water and heat to affected place. Harden the system 
after recovery by cold salt sponge bath daily and a morning 
foot-tread of cold water; shirt bath once a week; head ablution 
daily. See also, inflammation of pleura. 

Pneumonia. — See inflammation of lungs. 

Poison ins». — See poisoning and treatment for in acci- 
dents and poisons. 



620 



THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 




i For run a* 



1/ ess*T* 

O meiilum 



FIG. 7J. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



521 




FIG. 



Polypus, Nasal. — Consult surgeon. 

Pregnancy, Signs of — There are none that can be 
deemed decisive until the sound of the foetal heart can be 
detected. 

Pregnancy, Diet of.— Breakfast and supper largely milk, fruits 
and eggs. Dinner the best of meats, one vegetable and whole wheat 
bread. No desserts. Five pints of fluid in 
twenty-four hours, cold orhot, but none with 
food as drink. Intervals between meals 
should not be so long as to cause faint ness. 
A light lunch between is preferable. During 
the last three or four months omit the meats 
and live largely upon fruits and whole 
wheat bread. 

Pregnancy, When It Will End.— Count 
back three months from disappearance of 
last period, and add seven days. e. g. The 
last closed July 1. Three months back is 
April l, seven days added fixes April 7 as the 
time. 

Pregnancy, Diseases of.— These arise j 
mainly from the disturbed innervation' 
caused by the pregnant womb, and by the 
mechanical effects of its increase in size and 
weight. Fig. 72 shows the relative size and 
position of the organs prior to impregnation. 
Fig. 73 shows the size of the womb at differ- 
ent months ot pregnancy. With a form like 
the Grecian statue, Fig. 74, this difference in 
size could be easily provided for by Nature, but with the improved (?) 
modern style, Fig. 75, it is no wonder that it is a state full of perils. 

Albuminuria of.— Ten to twenty drops of chloroform four times a 
day. Calc. phos. 

'Appetite Morbid.— Eat a natural sufficiency of plain food at meal 
times only. Drink hot water or hot lemonade when it seems as if food 
must be taken. 

Burning Feet, a barefoot walk in the grass while the dew is on 
morning and evening. 

Constipation. — Cause: Too much abdominal clothing, too little on 
the extremities, restricted deep respiration, and the common use of 
drugs predisposes the bowels to feel the reflex nervous action from the 
uterus, or most easily to yield to its mechanical pressure. Treatment: 
In addition to what is said under constipation the following food table 
by Dr. Stockliam will suffice with exercises 3, VI b. 13 b. c. g. h. and 19, 
carefully adjusted to strength and condition. 

Laxative: Rolled and cracked wheat, bread, gems, biscuit, griddle 
cakes, crackers, mush from flour of entire wheat, graham flour, 
gran u la, bran gruel and jelly, fruit puddings and pies, all fresh acid 
fruits, banana^, dried tigs, prunes and prune lies raw, and stewed dried 
fruits that contain hydrocyanic acid, peaches, plums, prunes, the best 
New Orleans molasses, rhubarb, onions, celery, tomatoes, raw cabbage, 
corn, squash, cauliflower, green peas, spinach, beets, liver, oysters, 
wild game. 

Constipating: Hot and white bread, white crackers, black pepper 
and spices, pastry of white flour and lard, bread, rolls, dumplings, etc.. 
mad. -wiili baking powders, cake, custards, salted or dried meats and 
ftsh. Smoked meats, poultry, Cheese, chocolate, cocoa, boiled milk, 

tea, coffee, coffee from wheat, corn, barley, toast, etc., beans, potatoes, 
farina, sago, starch, tapioca, rice, raspberries, blackberries. 

Neutral: Lean fresh meats, fresh fish, eggs, raw milk, oatmeal, 
buckwheat, conmieal and sweet potatoes. 

Cramps.— Reverse the circulation by lying with hips and feet high 
and head low, or take the knee-chest position, resting on knees and 
head. 



£22 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Diarrhoea,— Treat as diarrhoea. 

Enlarged Veins,— Bandage as for swollen limbs. Should one be 
ruptured, bind on it a compress wet in strong oak bark or hemlock 
tea. Re-wet every hour. 

Fainting.— Patient on back with head low: loosen all tight cloth- 
ing; admit plenty of fresh air, and fan gently; rub chest briskly with 
rough, dry towel; sprinkle cold water in face. Should unconscious- 
ness be protracted, bathe arms, hands and lower extremities with any 
-convenient stimulant. 

Heartbnrn.— Equal parts powdered chalk, charcoal and blue ver- 
vain leaves, mixed; one-half teaspoonful every four or six hours. Or, 
two ounces golden seal made into half a pint of syrup, add a small, 





fig. 74. 



FIG. 75. 



even teaspoonful bicarbonate of soda and one-half ounce of the tinc- 
ture of gum myrrh ; one teaspoonful or more every three or four hours. 
Or, fifteen to twenty drops of aromatic spirits of ammonia in water. 

Headache. — Cause: Uterine irritation, or indigestion. Irritation- 
Symptoms, sore pain at base and top of brain, constant, generally 
worse toward evening and relieved by lying down. Treatment: Warm 
sitz bath daily, hot fomentations to back of neck, recline. Indi- 
gestion—treat as indigestion. 

Insomnia.— Water tread, or sitz bath 90° with hand friction of spine 
from neck down. If anaemic or irritable without congestion, drink 
slowly a cup of hot milk or toast water. If sleep does not come do not 
care, take it philosophically. Change to a lounge or rug, and call up 
as pleasant thoughts as possible and wait. 

Itching. — If from discharge, treat that. If from inflammation, 
<lailv sitz bath, tepid or cool, and cloths saturated with borax solu- 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 623 



tion one teaspoonful to the quart. If from dryness, apply glycerine 
upon cotton. If from eruptions, apply upon absorbent cotton tinct. of 
lobelia two drams, glycerine and alcohol each one ounce, and slowly 
add two drams of benzoin tincture. It of vulvae, solution of equal 
parts of borax and alum; or, hyposulphite of sulphur one-half ounce, 
glycerine two drams, water five ounces, as a lotion; or, eleanse with 
hydrogen peroxide one part to three of soft water, then dust with 
Squibb's pure pulverized boracic aeid, and keep irritated surfaces 
apart with absorbent cotton. Replace when they become moist. 

Longings or Cravings. — If tor articles that are harmless, indulge 
them to a reasonable extent; if for other things, divert the mind and 
resist. 

3Jilk Leg vphl<?g ma sia dolens).— An affection of mothers, usually 
beginning the second or third week after delivery. Cause: Throm- 
bosis of the internal iliac and femoral veins, causing obstruction of 
the veins and capillaries, giving rise to painful haid swelling of the 
limb, with great prostration. 

Symptoms: Total loss of muscular power, pain, fever, great swell- 
ing, with hard round cords, fetid flow, arresting or diminishing of 
milk secretion, profuse perspiration and thirst, and when suppuration 
occurs probably fatal. 

Treatment; Perfect quiet in bed; simple diet; bathe limb, if not 
very hot, with camphorated sweet oil; if very hot, with lead water six 
parts and laudanum two parts. Or, foment with one pound of bicar- 
bonate of soda, one-naif pound peroxide of hydrogen, and four ounces 
of poppy heads to a gallon of tepid water, and wrap in impermeable 
cloths. 'After inflammation has subsided, bandage thoroughly and 
give tonic treatment. Electrical. Acute. Negative under foot, positive 
sponge all over the limb moving downward, ten minutes morning and 
night, light faradic current. Chronic. Currents reversed, and apply as 
not as patient can bear hamamelis tincture one ounce, to water one 
pint. 

3Iisearriage. See abortion. 

3Iorning sickness. — < 'ause: Biliousness from too much sweet and 
starchy food, and reflex from irritability of the uterus. 

Treatment: Tor the biliousness plain light diet free from fats and 
sweets. For the nausea, parched corn coffee before rising. Fomenta- 
tions of stomach and liver an hour daily, followed by warm or hot 
i-olon flush. Small pieces of iee swallowed whole. Iced carbonic acid 
water. No increase of quantity of food unless a healthy appetite 
• raves it. AVine of ipecac rive "to ten drops in a glass of water, one 
teaspoonful every ten minutes; or, five drops tincture of lobelia in the 
same way ; or, if very obstinate, ten to thirty drops of fluid extract of 
adrue in* water, as needed; or, sip water as hot as it can be borne. 
Uigest ants are often effective, lacio-peptine, ingluvin, papoid. 

Nervous Cough. — Four ounces spikenard root, one ounce each of 
com trey and cherry bark, and one-half ounce each of lobelia herb 
and blue cohosh; mix and pour on one pint of warm (not boiling) 
water; when cold, add a pint of Madeira wine and one-half pound 
sugar. One teaspoonful every hour, or oftener. Rest, fresh air and 
ine absolutely necessary. 

Neuralgia. — Treat as neuralgia, but giving preference to hot baths, 
fomentations and magnetic rubs by the hand of a healthy person of 
congenial temperament and warm sympathy. 

Palpitation of the Heart.— During the paroxysms lie or sit down, 
loosen clothing, admit free air; tea of lady's slipper or scull cap; or 
lobelia pill every hour; warm foot baths; plain diet. 

Pigmentation of (discoloration). — Apply morning and evening of 
cacao butter and castor oil each two and one-fourth ounces, zinc oxide 
forty-five grains, oil of rose, sufficient. 

Piles.— Live on liquid foods for a few days, and take hot colon 
flush. Apply externally or inject with a small syringe fl. exts. of witch 
hazel and mullein each one dram, linseed oil two ounces, or inject a 
.gili of tepid water containing a teaspoonful of powdered elm. 

Rigid Abdomen. — Compress of lobelia tea an hour daily, and rub 
in olive oil. 

Salivation.— Drink hot water, or hold in the mouth very cold 
water. Or wash the mouth with solution of tincture of myrrh/ten to 
twenty drops in one-half cup of water. 



524 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Swollen Limbs.— Apply roller bandages from the toes to above 
the swelling. Remove nights, and wash the limbs in cold water morn- 
ing and night. If face is swollen, pale ana puffy, seek medical advice. 
Urine. — Inability to retain. When from the sympathetic irritation 
of the first period, drink freely of cold tea of cleavers or elm bark r 
and every six to twelve hours use retained enema of elm and lady's 
slipper. When from the irritation or pressure upon the neck of the 
bladder, treat as above, keep bowels open and lie much with hips 
elevated. 

Inability to void. When from spasmodic contraction of the neck, 
use retained enema of one-half teaspoonful of lobelia herb in elm, and 
repeat every three or four hours as needed. When from causes 
unknown, warm hip bath. Also use a wineglassful three or four 
times a day of trailing arbutus and hair cap moss each one ounce, 
liquor potassa two drams, warm water one quart. Infuse herbs two- 
hours, then add the potassa. 

Vomiting in,— Fl. ext. of hydrastis canadensis twenty drops four 
times a day; or, the bark from the last year's growth of the peach, 

filling a tumbler and covered with 
water. Dose, one teaspoonful after 
every act of vomiting, and one every 
hour after it stops; or, a dose of in- 
gluvin after every meal. 

For the stomach troubles of the 
last six or eight weeks of pregnancy 
five grains of | apoid t hree times a day. 
Vomiting of Blood. — Lie down, 
cover well; heat to feet; bathe ex- 
tremities (if cold) witii pepper and 
mustard water; warm composition 
tea. 

Prolapsus Ani. — Falling 

of the rectum. Protrusion of the 

mucus or muscular coat of the 

bowel. Cause : Straining at 

stool, or the irritation of worms, 

fig. to. fig. 77. piles or enlarged prostate. 

Treatment: Remove cause. Assume knee-chest position and 
return it. That not practicable, anoint the sphincter with sweet oil 
three parts, oil lobelia one part, and try again and again until suc- 
cessful. Then apply a compress and wear a T bandage. Keep bowels 
soft with extract of butternut, and three times a day take a retained 
rectal enema of a strong tea of witch hazel and golden seal one to two 
ounces. Avoid heavy lifting. 

Prolapsus Uteri. — The fall of the uterus below its 
normal relation (see Fig. 72) with the other parts of the pel- 
vic viscera. Its cause is, primarily, mainly the unnatural sys- 
tem of dress that prevails. Fig. 76 shows a natural female 
form. Fig. 77 shows one with the protruding abdomen, limp 
breasts, and weak attitude of a distortedform externally. Fig. 
78 shows the gradations of the internal prolapse, while Fig. 79 
shows the posterior displacement, and Fig. 58, page 400, the 
anterior, that occur when the prolapse does not. 

"Prostration, Excessive — Collapse. — Condition as of 
snocK not rallied from, ^///njjfo/us : Face pallid, pupils dilated. 




DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 



525 



skin cold and clammy, breath gasping, pulse feeble or absent, 
brain perturbed, complete muscular relaxation. Treatment: 
Add to the whisky enemas for shock, spirits of turpentine one- 
fourth to one-half ounce in elm or gum water. Bathe with 
ammonia and warmwater, dry and rub with dry mustard, mus- 
tard plasters to feet, and scorching hot pillows to both sides 
of spine. Hot bricks all around body and in side of arms and 
thighs, and much warm hand friction. 

Proud Flesh. — Over-production of the granulations by 
which an open wound heals. Perfectly harmless. Sprinkle 
with a little burned alum or tannin. 

Pruritus. — Intolerable 
itching with intense desire to 
scratch ; aggravated by heat. 
Cause. Pregnancy, change of 
life, prurigo, eczema, neuras- 
thenia. 

Treatment : Treat the eondi- \ 
tion from which it springs. Locally 
try one thing after another, if nec- 
essary, until the right remedy for 
that 'particular case is found. In 
inflammatory cases, tincture of 
myrrh weir diluted, or a tea of 
poppy heads wit h one-half teaspoon- 
ful of sugar of lead to the pint. 
With eczema, a sal mated solution 
of boroglyceride, four ozs and per- 
oxide of hydrogen 1 oz. Apply fre- 
quently; or menthol two to' ten 
grains to the ounce of water, used as 
a lotion ; or menthol five parts, bals. 
Peru nineteen parts, lanolin 200 
parts, use as an ointment. With no eruption — a lotion of a dram to 
the pint of powdered borax, or sulphate of soda; or, as an ointment, 
menthol three parts, olive oil thirty parts, lanoline thirty parts. 

Pruritus ani. — A twenty per cent, solution of menthol 
painted on as often as necessary. A cold water pour is also 
excellent. Generally alkalis, such as sodium bicarbonate, 
lithium carbonate, and alkaline waters are beneficial in 
pruritus. 

Ptomaines. — Brieger says that while a "certain quan- 
tity of oxygen is necessary to form ptomaines, a free supply 
invariably yields non-poisonous ones." Therefore crowd oxy- 
gen treatment in all ptomaine diseases. 




FIG. 



526 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Purulent Ophthalmia. — Water boiled and reduced to 
105°, then poured from a pint tin on the eye and between the 
lids, ten to fifteen minutes every hour. 

Pyrosis. — Water-brash, an alkaline or brackish fluid 
which rises to the mouth when the stomach is empty. Treat- 
merit : Avoid alcoholic drinks, and take an hour before meals, 
twenty grains of subnitrate of bismuth. 




FIG. 79. 

Quinsy. — See inflammation of tonsils. 

Quinsy, Malignant. — Combine the treatments for 
quinsy and diphtheria. 

Rabies. — See hydrophobia. 

Rectum. — Abscess, cancer, foreign bodies in, polypus of, 
stricture and ulcer of, are all diseases for the surgeon. 

Relapsing' and Remittent Fevers. — See fever. 

Respiration, Difficult. — Treat the cause. Quebracho, 
cactus grand., expectorants wmen indicated, stimulants if 
required, antispasmodics if needed. Fig. 80 shows a sling for 
the relief of such sufferers. 

Respiratory Diseases. — As general remedies, when 
uncertain for what particular disease to treat, eucalyptol Ave 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 



527 



to ten minims in emulsion every four hours for chronic, irri- 
table cough, chronic bronchitis and chronic pneumonia. Val- 
uable in phthisis, reducing the amount of expectoration and 
holding gangrenous processes in check. Hydrogen peroxide 
one to ten parts per one hundred of water is never to be 
omitted. 

Respiration, Suspension of — Asphyxia. — Treat- 
ment: Fresh air, cold water on face, warmth to extremities, artifi- 
cial respiration as for drowning, legs 
rubbed upward, oxygen inhalations, or 
one to three teaspoonfuls of peroxide 
of hydrogen in bowel enema, or one 
drop of a one per cent, solution of 
nitroglycerine on the tongue. 

Retroflexion and Retrover- 
sion are the same as anteflexion and 
anteversion except that the body of 
the uterus falls backward instead of 
forward. 

Rheumatism (Bacillus Amylo- 
bacta). — Cause: There are two ad- 
vanced theories: 1. The germicidal 
(Acute). Impaired nerve centers give 
feeble vitality, weak digestion and by reason of suboxidation 
of food, the generation of butyric and lactic acids, or of those 
products of change which are immediately antecedent to these 
acids ; for lactic acid cannot exist in the blood. 

Chronic: Insanitary conditions degrade certain primary 
elements of nutrition into the disease germ, which with its 
ptomaines are the factors of the disease. 2. Biochemic (acute 
and chronic). Certain atmospheric conditions cause a difi- 
ciency of sodium phosphate in the blood which deficiency 
allows the acids to irritate and cause articular rheumatism. A 
like deficiency of chlorate of potassa causes the exudation of 
fibrinous material and the swelling of arthritis, or acute rheu- 
matism. Other forms are caused by lack of other salts. 

Facts prove that the bacilli are present, and that supply- 
ing the deficiency of the indicated biochemical salt does cure. 




Fig. 



528 THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 

Therefore both theories are correct, the biochemic giving the 
true explanation of causes, the germicidal, a statement of 
resultant facts both before and attending the attack. It also 
seems probable that inheritance may in some cases be equiva- 
lent to the atmospheric conditions referred to. 

Acute Arthritis.— Acute or inflammatory rheumatism, or rheumatic 
fever. Symptoms: Chilliness. After some hours, fever, throbbing 
headache, thirst and high colored urine. A joint swells, pains, is stiff, 
red, hot. Fever increases, sour smelling sweat, intense sensitiveness 
of affected joint; appetite lost, tongue coated white, constipation, 
brickdust sediment in urine, sleep greatly disturbed. May be trans- 
ferred to some other joint. The lactic and butyric acid elements irri- 
tate the red blood discs and cause inflammation of the white fibrous 
tissues, because not neutralized by a sufficiency of sodium phosphate, 
and if there be deficiency of chlorate of potash also, exudation, swell- 
ing occurs. 

Treatment: Preventive. Thorough oxygenation of the blood to 
prevent the formation of the offending products. Fasting from four 
to ten days with plenty of water to drink and frequent spongings, will 
cut off the supply of these acids and expel them from the body and 
thus cure the disease. The alcohol vapor bath or home Turkish bath 
will hasten their expulsion from the system. 

If medicines are preferred, ferr. phos. to reduce the congestion; 
kali mur. to prevent or control the swelling; kali phos. for stiffness, 
paralytic tendency, pain; kali sulph. tor shitting, wandering attacks; 
mag. phos. alternately with kali phos. for severe pain, if that fails to 
relieve or generally, one teaspoonful of a solution of tincture of 
manaca one dram to ten ounces of water every hour or two. Lobelia 
tea in non-nauseating doses will sterilize the bacilli and fomentations 
of hot tansy or wormwood will neutralize their juomaines, while a 
vapor bath of hemlock leaves will eliminate them from the tissues. So 
an ointment of salicylic acid, lanolin and turpentine each half an 
ounce and lard four ounces applied without friction and covered with 
flannel, has been found by Prof. Bourget of Lausanne to cure quickly 
with no other treatment whatever. Painting the joint with iehthyol 
has likewise been successful. Diet, Ko. 5 to 13, as may be preferred. 

Sub Acute. — Is a repetition of former attacks of acute without the 
fever. Treat as for acute, but more mildly. 

Chronic, is where the inflammatory conditions have been so long 
continued that new, devitalized tissues have been formed with more 
or less structural change. 

Symptoms: Joints swollen and stiff, usually worse at night, in 
stormy weather, or exposure to cold or dnrnp. 

Treatment: Avoid causes that provoke it. Calc. phos. the chief 
remedy; kali sulph. for wandering rheumatism; kali phos. morning 
rheumatism, better by slight, worse by severe exertion; kali mur. 
for swelling and all movements give pain, or five drops of tincture 
of manaca every three hours. Hold the affected places under running 
cold water for an instant, then knead, rub, pinch and wring them with 
the other hand until dry. Rest and then hold them under again one 
to five minutes, repeating the kneading, etc., while under the water. 
Must be thorougly red and warm before dressing. If this fails try 
massage, as for sprains. 

Many liniments are beneficial because they quicken the absorb- 
ents, or neutralize the ptomaines. Use liniment of oils of oli/e and 
wintergreen equal parts, or a four per cent, carbolic lotion applied on 
flannel compress nights, or Burgundy pitch softened with alcohol 
applied as a plaster. 

Electrical Treatment: 1. Sponge electrode positive pole on leftside 
below the heart, negative pole on right side over liver and back over 
kidneys, strong current five minutes. 2. Treat through and through 
the affected parts each way three minutes. 3. General faradization 
twenty minutes. Joints swollen and immovable, metallic band elec- 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 529 



trode around the limb, positive, another below the joint, negative, 
current continued until some motion can be found. Then resume 
former treatments twenty minutes daily. 

Water Treatment: Twice a week body bandage of oat-straw, hay- 
flowers or pine needles, one to one and a half hours. Twice a week a 
hot bath, alternating, the whole thirty minutes, and two shawl wraps, 
each one hour. Twice a day fomentations or compresses, as may best 
agree, of wintergreen tea on t lie affected parts, twenty to forty min- 
utes. After decided improvement continue the local applications 
less frequently, one hot alternating bath a week, and a cool sitz three 
times a week one to three minutes. Liquid diet taken every two or 
three hours until the urine becomes normal, then add milk and eggs; 
a little later add meats, with horse radish dressing and fruits, and, 
finally, bread and vegetables sparingly, except potatoes. Ox gall 
before meals, and once or twice a week mandrake trituration enough 
to cause free yellow stools, will hasten the cure. 

Rickets (rachitis). — Bony deformities of childhood; an 
abnormal growth of spongy, bony structure, with great defi- 
ciency of phosphate of lime. Causes : Rapid preceding preg- 
nancies of mother, nursing while mother is pregnant, too long 
nursing, too early weaning, poor, starchy food, too much 
starchy food, sterilized milk, want of sunlight, impure air and 
other unhygienic surroundings. 

Symptoms : Comes at about the first dentition. Nutrition usu- 
ally Impaired. Slight fever, restlessness, and child sleeps badly, 
shows no inclination to walk. Body seems tender. Sweating is pro- 
fuse, especially at night, and about the head and neck. Nodules are 
felt first at the junction of the ribs and cartilages of the sternum and 
form the "rosary" of rickets. The sternum projects and forms the 
chicken breast. *Spine is curved. Head looks large and the fontanelles 
are slow to close. Dentition is late, and the teeth are small and badly 
formed. The wrist and ankle joints are enlarged, the legs are bowed, 
or knock-kneed, abdomen enlarged. 

Treatment: Kali phos. if there be atrophy of bones and putrid 
bowel discharges. Calc. phos. with open fontanelles, sallow complex- 
ion, lateral curvature, diarrhcea and emaciation; nat. mur. in early 
stages, with thighs notably emaciated; silicea with open fontanelles, 
head large and body emaciated, abdomen hot and swollen, ankles 
weak, head-sweat and body dry, offensive diarrhcea, boils, abscess, 
stools contain undigested food. Diet as in scrofula. Cod-liver oil 
inunctions. Best of unsterilized milk with malt. Cold sponge bath 
daily if there is sufficient power of reaction. Barefoot, outdoor life. 

Rubeola. — A hybrid between measles and scarlet fever. 
The rash is deeper red than that of measles, and more in 
patches than that of scarlet fever. Throat more sore and 
cough less than in measles. Treatment : Good nursing. 

Rupture. — See hernia. 

Scarlet Fever, or Scarlatina. — A germ disease. 
Can be carried hundreds of miles in the air, clothing, mail; 
retains vitality for months or years: incubation one to eight 
or more days. Rash within twenty-four hours; chill, or con- 
vulsions, delirium, intense headache, sore throat, swelling of 
34 



530 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

glands behind jaw, nausea or vomiting, high fever, bounding 

pulse, dry skin. Rash on neck, shoulder, chest, abdomen, 

finally body, arms and legs. Rash and fever decline in three 

or four days. Skin peels ten to twenty days, may much longer. 

Treatment: As soon as the symptoms appear give three No. 4 
(B 4) tablets and put on a shirt wrung out of hot salt water and cover 
warmly in bed for an hour; if the eruption is not perfect repeat the 
hot shirt wrap two or three times the first day. Then if the fever is 
high, sponge over rapidly with cold water, and, if necessary, repeat 
the sponging every hour. Bed in separate, well ventilated room; 
cover lightly; hot foot bath; warm milk and lime water often; divest 
room of every surplus article; have one competent nurse; ventilate 
thoroughly, temperature 68°. Keep disinfectants exposed in room, oil 
of eucalyptus, tincture of iodine, etc.; and use for everything that 
touches the patient menthymos one dram to four or six ounces of 
water. One or two hours after the No. 4 (B 4) give three tablets of No. 5 
(B 5), and soon alternately until the fever subsides; then every four 
hours give No. 6 (B 6) in place of the other two. Should there be 
drowsiness, twitching and vomiting of watery fluids, give No. 9 (B 9) 
every four hours. Should recovery be slow, glands swell and threaten 
to suppurate, boils, abscesses, or hardening of glands, give No. 12 (B 12) 
every four hours. Put one to three teaspoonfuls of hydrogen peroxide 
in the sponge baths twice a day. Move bowels with enemas contain- 
ing one-half to one teaspoonful, and gargle or wash the mouth with 
water containing ten grains of menthymos to lour ounces, or stronger, 
or with carbolic acid twelve parts, salicylic acid one and one-half 
parts, peppermint oil one part, made into a one-half of one percent, 
solution by diluting ten drops in four ounces of water, and using the 
dilution. Throat compress, as for croup. After subsidence of fever 
use vinegar and water for the sponging, with every third one of hydro- 
gen peroxide. Examine urine often. Keep in same room two weeks 
after eruption has faded, then change to another and fumigate twenty- 
four hours. The menthymos gargle also may be sprayed into the nos- 
trils every hour or two. In severe cases give the medicines more 
frequently. 

Sciatica. — Pain in the sciatic nerve. Cause : Overex- 
ertion of muscles, exposure, injury, pressure of tumors, etc. 

Symptoms : If sudden, sharp pain along the posterior surface of 
the thigh and outside of leg to foot. Occurs again upon slight exer- 
tion, may become dull and constant, and worse at night. Pain on 
pressure, may be changed sensibility. 

Treatment: First day shower on lower back in the morning, on 
upper back and shoulders in the afternoon. Second day reverse. 
Sitz bath every other day. Kali plios. with nervous complications. 
With spasmodic pains, mag. plios. Remittent pain in right hip joint 
and knee, relieved by heat, natrum mur. 

Electrical: Sciatic rheumatism: Sponge electrode, negative pole, 
upper inside of thigh, positive pole over sacrum and down outside of 
the limbs, treating through and through as far down as the pain 
reaches. Feet in warm water, with negative pole, positive from 
sacrum down outside as far as pain extends, fifteen minutes each day. 

Scrofula (king's evil). — A morbid condition of the sys- 
tem, one form of cachexia (which see), which, a few years ago, 
was a scape-goat for all ignorance, i. e., anything that could 
not be otherwise named was called scrofula. Usual symptoms, 
glands of the neck swell, and, after a while, inflame, ulcerate 
and discharge. Heal, leave scars, others follow. Treatment: 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 531 

Alterative, tonic, nutritive, and hardening as energetically as 
strength will allow. For the swollen glands, fomentations of 
wild indigo. 

Scurvy (scorbutus). — Cause: A deprivation of vegeta- 
ble food. 

Symptoms: Skin pale, sallow or muddy; listlessness, pains in 
limbs; face puffy ; constipation ; spots like flea-bites on arms and legs, 
changing to bruised appearance: skin now dry and scales rapidly; 
gums swollen and spongy; teeth may loosen; breath offensive; saliva 
profuse ; slight bruises cause burrowing sores, may be exhausting hem- 
orrhage: difficult breathing; faintness. 

Treatment : Fresh yegetables, especially potatoes, onions and 
salads; fresh fruits, lime juice and tonic method. 

Sea-sickness (motion sickness). — Keep the face to the 
bow of vessel, or lie with head low "and toward the bow. 
Bandage the abdomen. Cocaine one-tenth grain every three 
hours if necessary. 

Senility (senile atrophy). — Buttermilk and kumyss diet 
because their lactic acid dissolves the phosphate of lime and 
prevents ossification in tendons, arteries, etc. Liquor auri et 
arsenii hromidi (Barclay), or try tinct. of oats twenty-five to 
thirty drops three times a day. 

Shock. — A sudden nervous depression from some acci- 
dent or blow, or evil tidings. The coats of the vessels of the 
vaso-motor centers lose their contractile power, hence blood 
currents lose velocity and patient is faint, cold, pallid ; has 
mental confusion, sometimes uncontrollable restlessness, pros- 
tration, unconsciousness, with pulse fluttering and body tem- 
perature low. 

Treatment: Recumbence, loosened clothing, external warmth. 
Heart stimulants are all-important, brandy or whisky if patient can 
swallow and there is no bleeding, or enemas of whisky One-half ounce, 
water at 110° three ounces, with' friction, mustard on chest and abdo- 
men, or hot fomentations. But do not over-stimulate. Just enough to 
restore the circulation, and no more, lest congestion supervene. Am- 
monia tothe nostrils, or pure oxygen gas inhaled, very desirable. Sub- 
f-utaneuusly, nitroglycerine, or one-thirtieth of a grain of sulphate of 
strychnine. Raise bedclothes on half-barrel hoops; insert under 
them one end of an elbowed stove-pipe, with a lighted lamp under the 
other end; at the same time two or more persons rub ihe surface 
toward the heart with salt or mustard on the hands. Not successful. 
tie patient's feet to fool of bed and raise the foot three or four feet 
from the floor, or bandage all the extremities. Only strong coffee and 
liquid diet by stomach or rectum when reaction has" been well 
established. 

Sick Headache. — See headache. 

Sick Headache (nervous). — 1. Sponge electrode, nega- 
tive pole, back of neck, positive over the front of the ears and 



532 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

lower forehead, very light current, five minutes. 2. Positive 
pole in one hand, negative in the other ; strong current five 
minutes, then reverse the poles five minutes. 3. Positive at 
base of spine, negative over neck and base of brain, three min- 
utes, very light current. 

Skin Diseases are so numerous and complicated that 
their description and treatment would require more space than 
can be given in this work. Good general health, perfect diges- 
tion and freely-acting bowels and bladder, with cleanliness of 
the skin, are general rules for preserving the skin in good 
order. 

Sleeplessness. — Wrap abdomen and lumbar region of 
back in cloths wrung out of warm water, cover with oiled silk 
or rubber and bind on with flannel bandage. 

Smothering" by Gas. — Symptoms: Swollen and pur- 
ple face, livid lips, and bloodshot and staring eyes. Treatment: 
Place patient in open air and remove clothing. Hold in a 
half sitting posture, with head higher than feet. Rub whole 
body briskly with flannel; restore breathing by artificial res- 
piration. From time to time dash cold water over body. 

Sore Throat. — See inflammation of larynx. 

Sores, Old, Sloughing. — See ulcers, old. 

Sour Stomach. — See dyspepsia. 

Spasms. — See cramps. 

Spasm of Bladder. — Give retained enemas of lobelia. 

Spinal Curvature. — If from diseased bones, employ 
the best physician that can be found. If from irregular action 
of the muscles, discard all braces, crutches, etc. Study the 
case until satisfied which muscles are weak, then apply regular, 
systematic, daily exercise to them followed by a cold, local 
sponge and general tonic method as needed. Of course, habits 
of lying, standing, carrying, etc., that perpetuate the trouble, 
must be corrected. 

Spinal Irritation. — Cause : Usually poverty of nerve 
vital fluid and irritation transmitted. 

Symptoms: According to the location -of the irritation. If of the 
dorsal portion, tightness, suffocation, increased heart action, spas- 
modic cough. If of the lumbar, spasmodic action of the bladder, 
bowels, uterus, disturbed menstruation and cramps, numbness, tender- 
ness in lower extremities. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 533 

Treatment: Remove the irritation at its source. General treat- 
ment as tor neurasthenia as tar as the feebleness of the patient 
requires. Locally, cool compress thirty minutes twice a day. Revul- 
sive method as needed. 

Splenitis, inflammation of spleen, and induration of 
spleen are usually so connected with malarial poisoning that 
they are referred to ague. 

Sprains. — Lebelard and Ellaume, Rizet, and Dujuardin 
Beaumetz, have recommended massage. In the Prussian army 
it is obligatory, and the military reports of Starke, Gassner, 
Gerst, Brurberger and Korner, show that the average disability 
when massage is not employed is 27.3 days, but when it is 
used S.9 days. Begin with long continued rubbing with hot, 
oily applications, followed by deep pressure and kneadings, 
and finally moving the joint, carefully at first, then more and 
more forcibly. If the time cannot be taken for this, apply hot 
fomentations of mullein leaf and tansy herb tea, or of mullein 
leaf and wormwood. 

Stiff Joints. — Massage treatment as for sprains. 

Stomatitis (cancrum oris). — Simple: See inflammation 
of mouth. Gangrenous : Cause : The streptococci of foot 
disease infecting milk. Symptoms : Great prostration, mel- 
ancholy, pale ; membrane inflamed and tense, turns purple, 
sloughs; tongue swollen, offensive odor. Treatment: Same as 
for diphtheria and scarlet fever. 

Stone-bruise. — Soak foot in hot lye water, scrape off 
callous, and rest with cool compress. Xot relieved — silicea 
and poultice ; open and give cal. sulph. 

Strangury. — Constant desire to void urine ; with burn- 
ing or cutting pain at the neck of the bladder and along the 
urethra. Cause: Irritation. Treatment: Remove cause of 
irritation. Soothe with warm hip baths, rest, retained enema 
No. 4, or Xo. 7 and 22 mixed. Revulsive method as needed. 
Demulcent drinks. If kidneys are at fault, a tea of parsley. 

Stricture of (Esophagus (gullet). — If spasmodic, 
mag. phos. Tf this fails alone, alternate calc. phos. with it. 
If from ulcerations or tumor, consult surgeon. 

Strumous Scrofulous Infants. — If inherited from 
the mother, she should not nurse her babe. If from the father, 



534 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

she should nurse it, herself taking the most nourishing diet 
possible, until the double teeth appear. Anoint chest, abdo- 
men and back daily with olive oil. Then give animal and 
fruit diet almost exclusively. If preferred for days together 
may subsist on fruits alone. 

Stunning'. — Concussion of the brain. 

Symptoms : Cold skin, irregular, weak pulse, eyes closed and con- 
tracted. 

Treatment : Rest, lying down, head raised, warmth to the extrem- 
ities, head kept cool by cloths wet with cold water. No stimulating 
drinks. 

Styes (hordeola). — Boils on the eyelids. Treatment: 
Correct the mal-nutrition. Apply solution or paste of 
boroglyceride. 

Sun-stroke (thermic fever). — Cerebral exhaustion with 
evaporation of the watery constituents of the blood. Cause: 
High temperature, exposure to the direct rays of the sun, aided 
by too much heating food. 

Symptoms : Pain in head, dizziness, opression, may be nausea and 
vomiting. Diarrhoea and frequent micturition is common. Insensi- 
bility (may begin with this), stertorous breathing; pupils contracted, 
skin intensely hot, pulse full and rapid, temperature 107° to 110°. Coma, 
pulse feeble, may be death within an hour from heart exhaustion. 

Treatment: Remove to cool room, recumbent position near open 
window; nat. mur. every ten to thirty minutes. Hot water to the 
head and spine, and tepid to the body and limbs, if the skin be hot and 
pulse full, but if the skin be cold and pulse feeble, a hot mustard bath 
or fomentations and drinks, or enemas of hot water with ten to thirty 
drops of water of ammonia. A little beef tea or hot coffee when able 
to swallow. Heat to feet if they are cold. Ammonia to the nostrils, or 
amyl nitrite. 

Sulfoxidation. — The absorption of an insufficient supply 
of oxygen to maintain the normal vital processes, as in the 
lactic acid urine of epileptics after a fit. Mantegazza says that 
a large quantity of ozone is discharged by odoriferous flowers? 
and that flowers destitute of perfume do not produce it. 
Cherry-laurel, clove, lavender, mint, lemon, fennel, etc., develop 
ozone largely on exposure to the sun's rays. Among flowers, 
the narcissus, heliotrope, hyacinth and mignonette are conspic- 
uous ; and of perfumes similarly exposed, eau-de-cologne, oil of 
bergamot, extract of millefleurs, essence of lavender and some 
aromatic tinctures. He also points out that the oxidation of 
the essential oils, such as nutmeg aniseed, thyme, peppermint, 
etc., are convenient sources of ozone, and concludes that the 
ozoniferous properties of flowers reside in their essences, the 



DISEASES AX1) THEIR TREATMENT. 535 

most odoriferous yielding the largest amount of ozone. Hence 
some of these should always be in the sick room. Ozone may 
be liberated by half-immersing a stick of phosphorus in water 
in a wide mouthed bottle, or by gently mixing three parts of 
sulphuric acid with two parts of potassium permanganate. 

Swallowing, Difficult. — See stricture of oesophagus. 

Swelling's, Cold. — Treat as dropsy. 

Tartar, Salivary Calculus. — Different kinds depos- 
ited on the teeth. Always destructive. Keep teeth clean and 
employ a dentist. 

Tearfulness. — Tears are the result of a nervous storm 
in the central nervous system so affecting the vascular termi- 
nals of the tear-secreting glands that they excrete water freely. 
Treatment: Change of scene, out door life, mental diversion, 
nervous equipoise ; nat. mur. If the case be urgent, lady's 
slipper in strong, frequent doses. 

Tenesmus. — Constant desire to evacuate the bowels. 
Treat as for inflammation of rectum. 

Tetanus. — See lockjaw. Liermann proved that animals 
inoculated from the arm of a man who had died of it and been 
buried two and one-half years, took the disease. 

Throat, Sore. — See laryngitis. 

Thrombosis. — The coagulation of the blood during life. 
May be in heart or blood vessels. 

Cause: Disturbance of the cell-salt that controls water in the 
blood. Often the result of taking some of the new coal tar preparations 
so freely prescribed by most physicians, such as exalgine, antipyrine, 
antifebrin, salol, antikamnia, etc. Should be used with great caution. 

Treatment : General, as for embolism. 

Thrush, Sprue. — Curd-like patches of inflamed mucus 
surfaces of the mouth and throat. Wash the mouth every two 
hours with borax and honey, one dram to one ounce ; or with 
one dram of borax to one ounce of equal parts of glycerine and 
water, and attend to the diet. 

Tobacco Amaurosis. — Gradual loss of sight from the 
use of tobacco. Treatment: Abstain. 

Tobacco Heart. — A cardiac neurosis caused by the 
nicotine of tobacco. Tn smoking, carbonic oxide, several 
ammonias, and an empyreumatic oil containing nicotine, are 



536 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

absorbed. The ammonias render the blood alkaline and fluid,, 
thus impairing its power of nutrition. The stomach becomes 
debilitated, and dyspepsia follows. The heart, not being prop- 
erly innervated, becomes weak and painful, palpitation, faint- 
ness and vertigo ensue. In the young, tissue becomes degraded 
and vision impaired. A majority of those rejected from the 
military schools are because of tobacco heart. 

Symptoms : Palpitation, intermittent pulse, tightness of chest, 
pain about the heart, nervous debility, hands tremble, depression, dif- 
ficult breathing, dizziness. 

Treatment : Inhibit tobacco in all forms. Tepid or cold sponge 
bath daily; full pack twice a week; head ablution daily; nutritive 
diet; much sleep; rest and open air. Tincture of oats, or cactus in 
full doses every three hours. 

Toe-nails, Ingrowing. — See feet, diseases of. 

Tongue, Inflammation of (glossitis). — Cause: Stings, 
acrid substances, sometimes no apparent cause. Treatment: 
Treat as for other inflammations. 

Tongue, Ulcers of. — Cause: Local irritation, fevers, 
digestive derangements, syphilis, mercury. Treatment: Con- 
stitutional according to the cause. Local. Lotions of hydro- 
gen peroxide, menthymos, or listerine, diluted to suit the case* 

Tonsilitis. — See inflammation of tonsils. 

Tonsils, Enlarged. — Acute: Apply powdered sali- 
cylic acid on a large camel's-hair pencil, and give a tablespoon- 
ful every two hours of salicylic acid thirty grains, mucilage of 
acacia one ounce, simple syrup one-half an ounce, water four 
and one-half ounces. If heavily coated, apply with a brush — 
pepsin thirty grains, dilute hydrochloric acid one dram, water 
five drams, glycerine four drams. 

Chronic: Pencil or gargle with tannin fifteen grains, 
ozonized iodine two drops, glycerine five drams, water one 
pint. 

Toothache. — Pain in the body of the tooth from the 

microbe of dental caries, or of the root from the amylobacta 

of rheumatism. Some others. 

Treatment : Soap tree bark, resorcin and peroxide of hydrogen 
sterilize the germs. Pain intense, shooting, relieved by pressure and 
hot liqnids, worse by cold, mag. phos. From inflammation of gums or 
nerves, better by cold, worse by heat, ferr. phos. With swelling, kali 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT, 537 

mur. in alternation with ferr. plios. Bright red line on gums, pale, 
nervous subjects, worn out, better by pleasant excitement, kali phos. 
Decayed, worse at night, calc. pho^. "Worse in evening or warm room, 
better in open air, kali sulph. With excessive saliva or tears, natr. 
mur. Loose, sensitive to touch, deficient enamel, calc. fluor. Abscess 
forming, better by pulling on tooth, violent at night, no relief from 
heat or cold, silicea. Same when caused by sudden suppression of 
foot sweat. General, apply three parts ichthyol to one of chloroform ; 
or carbolic acid crystals, with an equal quantity of collodion. II the 
tooth is decayed, and no dentist at, hand, wash the mouth well with 
warm water, then paint the hollow of the tooth all over two or three 
times with tannin ten grains, gum mastic one-half dram, carbolic acid 
ten drops, sulphuric ether one-half ounce. Use camels' hair brush. 
Keep medicine in glass stoppered bottle. The painting will last a 
month or more, then repeat. 

Tubercles (tubercular bacilli). — Some defect in the vital 
force operating to transform the elements of food into normal 
blood plasma, evolves the tubercular bacilli instead, which is 
life upon a lower plane, therefore a diseased condition in the 
animal body. Tubercles may appear in bone, bowels, bladder, 
eyes and ears, hips, knees, lungs, larynx, mesentery, nose, pros- 
tate, peritoneum, rectum, skin, spine, testes and wrists. If 
any of these are not considered in their appropriate places it 
is because no advantage can be gained by it in a family doc- 
tor book. 

Symptoms : Paleness, debility, rapid pulse, loss of flesh, rising 
temperature, dry hair; may be swelling of lips, nostrils, tonsils, glands 
of neck and throat ; fetid odors, purulent discharges. 

Treatment; In all forms. 1. Raise the standard of vital force, 
and thus stop production. 2. Kill the lower-life form, the bacilli, and 
thus deliver the system from its disturbing effects. How best to 
accomplish these is answered in consumption, which see. 

Tubercular Cystitis. — Symptoms of chronic cystitis 
preceded by slight hemorrhage from the bladder should lead to 
immediate examination by a good physician. 

Tuberculosis in Children. — If predisposed from the 

mother, she should not nurse the child; if from the father, 

and mother be healthy, she should. When teething begins 

add children's diet. If there are signs of strumous diathesis 

give ten grains of chloride of calcium in half a glass of milk 

after each meal to a child four years old. 

Tuberculosis of Hip Joint, Coxalgia and Knee Joint (white swell- 
ing).— Can only be diagnosed by a physician, but his examination 
should be had if child drags one limb after the other, has pain in knee, 
stands with the dragged foot forward with everted toes; or, if there 
be slight lameness, swelling and stiffness of knee joint and wasting of 
the muscles of the limb. 



538 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Tuberculosis, Laryngeal. — Must have the best professional 
treatment. 

Tubercular Meningitis (scrofulous meningitis).— This differs from 
simple meningitis, in that it comes on more slowly after signs of a 
scrofulous constitution, occurs nearly always in children, and is rarely 
«ured. See meningitis, also brain, tubercular. 

Tubercular Mesenterica, Marasmus,— Early symptoms those of 
severe diarrhoea or cholera infantum. Later, fetid stools, great ema- 
ciation, abdomen greatly swollen yet lumpy, like large eggs. The best 
•of professional care. 

Tubercular Nasal.— Not distinguishable, by laymen, from coryza. 

Tubercular Peritonitis.— Can not be distinguished, by laymen, 
from acute peritonitis and typhoid fever. 

Tuberculosis of Prostate.— Cannot be distinguished, by laymen, 
from stone in the bladder. 

Tuberculosis of Rectum.— See ulcer of rectum. 

Tuberculosis of Stomach and Bowels.— Should be treated as if 
complications of tuberculosis of the lungs. 

Tumors. — New growths. Benign or malignant. Ascer- 
tain, by competent medical examination, to which class the 
case belongs, then, if benign, let it alone unless its size or loca- 
tion renders its removal important, in which case, as with all 
malignant tumors, secure the services of a good physician or 
surgeon. 

Typhoid Fever (typhus). — See fever, typhoid. 

Ulcers. — Gradual breaking down of tissues into pus, or 
liquid, constituting open sores. 

Ulcers, Old and Slouching.— Calc. phos. every two hours. Apply 
every three hours of sulphate of zinc one ounce, dilute sulph. ac.d 
one-half ounce, water one pint. Must not touch healthy tissue; or, 
inject around the ulcer in several places, about an inch from its mar- 
gin, bovinine one part to boiled water three parts at 110°, one dram at 
each place, every other day, and increase the amount and inject 
nearer the edge as the ulcer heals. Wash it frequently with hot 
boiled water and cover with sterilized absorbent cotton. Vaseline 
dressing when healed until firm and sound; or, cleanse the nicer with 
warm water and peroxide of hydrogen, lay in three pieces of lint sat- 
urated with bovinine, and covered with a larger piece smeared with 
vaseline or lard, extending one-half to one inch beyond the edges all 
around, to prevent evaporation, and bind on with light cotton bandage. 
Change two or three times a day. This is greatly aided by head vapor 
once a week for twenty minutes. Body bandage an hour and a half 
for two weeks. Whole ablution every day. Apply to the sore a linen 
rag dipped in the boiled water. Change several times a day. The 
third week body bandage half hour twice a week, and upper shower 
every day. 

Ulcers of Anns. — Treat as fissure of anus. 

Ulcers of Bones. — Calc. flnor. often, and calc. phos occasionally. 

Ulcers of Bowels,— Cleanse with sigmoid or csecal flush containing 
T)oroglycoride, hydrogen peroxide by mouth three times, and retained 
enema once a day, and general water treatment as above. If neces- 
sary, fluid diets, and avoid all seeds, coarse fiber, etc., if solid diet is 
.allowed. 

Ulcers of Eye.— Apply to an oculist. 

Ulcers of Glands.— Calc. sulph. 

Ulcers, Gangrenous. — Poultice with yeast; or, one ounce of bread 
soaked soft in five ounces of hot water, five drams of powdered flax- 
seed and two drains of powdered charcoal. 

Ulcers, Inflamed, Irritable.— Hot fomentations of lobelia, then 
dress with linseed poullices and laudanum. When irritation is sub- 
•dued treat as for ulcers of tibia. 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 539 



Ulcers, Indolent.— Fomentations of bayberry (myrica cerifera), 
hydrastis canadensis, or bitler root (apocynnm androsoemifolium) 
applied i bree times a day for thirty minutes. In the interval, dust on 
the powder of prickly ash bark (xanthoxylum fraxineum) or pnlver- 
ized aloes, and give general tonic and alterative treatments, which 
see. Use capsicum freely internally. If this fails, mix the juice of 
wood sorrel (oxalis acetosella) with cerate, and apply as a plaster once 
a day as long as the patient can endure it. In the interval, emollient 
salves; or, swab out the ulcer, then flood it ten minutes with solution 
of permanganate of potassa, then sponge dry and loosely pack- with 
strips of gauze soaked in the solution, and cover with a large perman- 
ganate poultice dripping wet, cover again with oiled paper and band- 
age lightly with cheese cloth. 

Ulcers of Larynx. — Can only be determined positively by profes- 
sional examination, and should have such treatment. 

Ulcers of Nose. — Treat locally as for ozena, and constitutionally 
the syphilis, or scrofula from which it springs. 

Ulcers Containing Proud Flesh. — See proud flesh, or apply to it 
chromic acid ten grains to the ounce of water. 

Ulcers of the iiectum.— Treat as for fistula of rectum. 

Ulcers of the Stomach (gastric).— Distinguish from dyspepsia and 
cancer. If there is vomiting of blood, pain soon after eating, ceasing 
when stomach is empty, seek professional advice. 

Ulcers of Tibia.— Wash in hay tea and give silicea, or, it the dis- 
charge be yellow, calcarea sulph. and apply eucalyptus one-half dram, 
lanolin e one-half ounce, twice daily. 

Ulcers, Varicose. — Place four thicknesses of wet cloth over the 
ulcer on which rest the negative pole, positive pole at base of the 
spine five minutes, at the foot five minutes, strong current as can be 
comfortably borne. Cleanse with castile soap suds and apply follow- 
ing: Fl. ext. hamamelis two drams, fl. ext. hydrastis one dram, fl. ext. 
calendula one dram, cosmoline two ounces. Bandage with cotton 
from foot upwards; or, wash once or twice daily with apetic acid one 
part, water nineteen parts. Ulcers with white, thick, mild secretions, 
kali mnr. 

Uraemia. — A condition of poisoning caused by the reten- 
tion in the body of the elements of waste that are normally 
excreted by the kidneys. Cause: Structural disease of the 
kidneys or occlusion (stoirpage) of the ureters. Symptom*: 
Xeuralgia, delirium, blindness, coma, convulsions, vomiting, 
diarrhoea, pallor and pumness of face, uraemic odor of breath. 
Treatment: Remove the cause. Give oxygen freely and fre- 
quently. Excernent treatment strong or very strong. 

Urethra, Neuralgia of. — Consult a surgeon. 

Urethra, Stricture of. — 1. Spasmodic, from weak- 

of its circular rings. 2. Inflammatory, usually from spe- 
cific poison. 3. Permanent, from the effusion of lymph con- 
tracting the caliber of the channel. 

Symptoms: 1. Difficulty of urination; comes on suddenly from 
cold, damp exposure, or from nervous Influences. 2. Has the usual 
symptoms of inflammation. :j. A few drops of urine are retained; 
soon escape and wet the clothing. May be itching heal and pain in 
micturition; stream is forked, spiral or scattered. At last can only be 
voided drop by drop and bladder is in i table. 
Treatment : Apply to physician. 



540 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Uric Acid. — In the process of removing the nitrogenous 
wastes from the system, far the larger proportion appear nor- 
mally as urea. But if the oxygen-supply from respiration be 
insufficient, that which would have formed urea stops short in 
uric acid, which in abnormal quantities is extremely deleterious. 

Cause: Deficient oxygen. As normally existing in the urine it is 
combined with alkaline bases into urates, but is often deposited as 
cayenne pepper-like crystals (brick dust) from its free state. If this 
red precipitation occurs before the urine cools there is reason to fear 
gravel or stone. Urea is the ashes of the tissues and is produced to the 
extent of five hundred to six hundred grains daily, while only six to 
nine grains a day of uric acid are normal. 

Treatment: If to one atom of uric acid six of oxygen and four of 
water be added, it is resolved into urea and carbonic acid. 'Therefore, 
in all conditions of uric acid excess, use oxygen and water freely. If 
medicine be required give tinct. theaspi bursa pastoris five to thirty 
drops, three to five times a day. 

Urine, Continence of. — Retention : Stool bath of hot 
vinegar and water and hot fomentation of the same over blad- 
der for two hours. 

Urine, Continence of.— From stricture: A warm bath of lobelia tea 
and a rectal injection of the same. While in the bath pass a cath- 
eter and retain it two or three days, then change to larger size and 
so on for ten days, having the last catheter the natural size of the 
passage. If this fails, see Stricture, urethral. 

From spasmodic stricture : Mag. phos., or three drops of tincture of 
gelsemium every four hours for a few days. 

From enlarged prostate: See prostate. 

Urine chylous : Pinus canadensis, one-half to one teaspoonful three 
times a day. 

Urine bloody: Requires medical attention. 

Urine dribbling: Erigeron oil, one-half to one drop three or four times 
per day; or better first try mullein oil three drops three times a 
day. 
Urine, Incontinence of,— Inability to hold. 

Cause unknown : Water tread three to five minutes in fifteen inches of 
water, followed by an arm plunge, one minute daily. With smart- 
ing, cantharides. With pain in glans penis, copaivaand apis mel., 
or uranium nitrate one-sixth to one-half grain every two to four 
hours. 

From partial paralysis of sphincter of bladder : Pod., or kali phos. and 
cal. phos. 

From excessive acidity of urine: Fruit diet and acetate of potassa, 
one-third to one dram, three or four times a day. 

From irritability resulting from over-distention : Ferr. phos. alter- 
nated with calc. fluor. 

From too great flow of urine: Restrict the consumption of liquids. 

From contraction due to hypertrophy of walls of bladder: Treatment: 
Long continued alterative method. Local compress of mullein 
thirty minutes daily. 

From reflex irritation: Treat the disease which'causes it. Sitz baths 
three to six times a week tepid to warm. Passiflora inc. in doses 
sufficient to subdue the reflex action. 

Urine, Retention of. — Its forcible imprisonment in the bladder 
because of temporary paralysis of the bladder or spasmodic or mechan- 
ical urethral obstruction to its outflow. Treat its cause; if unknown 
treat as continence of urine. 

Urine, Suppression of. — This is lack of secretion of urine by the 
kidneys. Extremely damrerous. Uraemia may be very near. Treat 
as for inflammation' of kidneys until physician can be called. 



DISEASES AXD THEIR TREATMENT. 



541 



Urination, Painful. — If from urethritis, inflammation 
of bladder, or prostate, or other ascertainable cause, treat the 
cause. If unknown, althea off. ; or with dropsy of eyelids, apis, 
mel. ; or with scanty brown urine, without sediment, asparagus. 
Dark brown, with white sediment, putrid; calc. carb. Scald- 
ing, drop by drop, constant desire, great pain; cantharides. 
Urging and burning, turbid soon after voiding; chamomilla. 
Dark brown, hot and burning, throbbing pain ; digitalis. Clear, 




Fig. 81. 

profuse, light color, burning, scalding; helonius, or tereb. 
Urging, must wait long, pain before voiding; lycopodium. 
Coffee-like mine, stitches, smarting, burning; nat. mur. 
Ammoniacal, can only be voided on knees and head; parei. 
brava. 

Uterus, displacement of. — See prolapsus, anteversion, 
anteflexion, etc. Fig. 81 shows the uterus and appendages seen 
from in front. A, body of uterus; b, divided peritoneum; c, 



542 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

cervix cr neck of uterus ; d, os or mouth projecting into vagina ; 
e e, broad ligaments which attach to the pelvis on each side- 
f f , round ligaments that connect with the pubis ; g g, fallo- 
pian tubes ; h, fringe-like extremity of fallopian tube, right 
side. The left shows the extremity ready to grasp an ovule 
from the ovary ; i, ovary ; k, vagina laid open through its front 
wall. For its relation with other pelvic organs see Fig. 72. 

Uvula Elongated. — See palate. 

Vaccination.-— Inoculating with the cow-pox or vaccinia 
in order to prevent small-pox. It causes a small, red pimple, 
which on the eighth day becomes a vesicle filled with clear 
lymph which is surrounded by a ring of inflammation. After 
the tenth day, the ring fades and the vesicle dries, and on the 
twenty-first or twenty-second day the scab falls off. Should be 
repeated every five years and whenever there is special liability 
to exposure to the small-pox. If done within three days after 
exposure it will protect in most cases. Care should betaken 
to procure good virus, and not to rupture the pock. 

Varicella. — See chicken-pox. 

Varicose Veins (varix). — Cause: Debility; sedentary 
habits, pregnancy, certain occupations. 

Symptoms: Veins relaxed, dilatable, purple; knotty and become 
rilled with blood which often coagulates. Strengthen the system with 
tonics and best of diet ; learn from a nurse or physician how to bandage 
them evenly and smoothly from the ankles to the knees ; then, twiee a 
day, wet a muslin bandage in witch hazel (distillation) one part and 
soft water two parts, and wrap with flannel just enough to be comfort- 
able. Three times a day take three grains of calcium fluorine. After 
six weeks, if there is no improvement, get rubber stockings. 

Varicose Veins.— Positive to the foot, treat affected part with neg- 
ative twenty minutes. Also, if the case be bad, apply an ointment of 
fl. ext. of hamamelis four drams, lard two ounces, rub in the morning 
and bandage with cotton through the day. 

Variola. — See fevers, small-pox. 

Voice, Loss of. — See aphonia. 

Vomiting". — Weak lobelia tea, one to two teaspoonfuls 
every twenty or thirty minutes ; or, ten drops tincture of ipecac 
in a glass of water, one-half to one teaspoonfnl every ten to 
twenty minutes as needed ; or in bad cases ten to thirty drops 
of fl. ext. of adrue every thirty minutes till relieved. Mustard 
on stomach. 

Warts (bacterium porri). — An elongation of the cutis 
vera, * or of follicles of the mucous membrane. Treatment: 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 543 

Internal and local administration of thnja occidentalis, or 
locally, lactic or acetic acid, or peroxide of hydrogen. 

Water on the Brain. — See tubercular meningitis. 

Waxy Liver. — See liver. 

Weeping" Eye. — Transient or chronic stricture of the 
tear-passages. Apply to a surgeon. 

White Swelling*. — See tuberculosis of knee joint. 

Whitlow. — See felon. 

Whooping Cough (pertussis). — A contagious disease 
of childhood, usually occurring but once. Cause : Micrococci 
in the blood locating in and around the cervical portion of the 
spinal cord. 

Symptoms : A convulsive, paroxysmal cough, beginning with a 
deep, loud inspiration, followed by a succession of short, sharp expira- 
tions, repeated several times. This has been preceded seven to ten 
days by the symptoms of cold and catarrh. The coughing paroxysms, 
usually four to ten a day, may reach twenty or thirty: last three or 
four weeks. Complications, as measles, small pox, bronchitis, pneu- 
monia, cholera infantum, etc., very dangerous. 

Treatment: Careful diet. No food between meals. No candies, 
sugar, sweetmeats, etc. The warm bath to restore circulation 10 sur- 
face and extremities every evening, if necessary. Rubbing, careful 
nursing; if the patient is feverish, the wet abdominal bandage re-wet 
and repeated every four hours. Short, spasmodic cough, white tongue 
and thick white expectoration, kali mur. ; with vomiting of blood, 
ferr. phos.: mucus frothy, clear and stringy, nat. mur. ; very nervous, 
timid children, or exhausted, kali phos. ; weakly children, or teething, 
or emaciated, calc. phos. In all cases, magn. phos. all through. 

Worms. — Symptoms : Irritation and pain in the bowels, 
fretful, peevish, restless, skin white, eyes partially open in 
sleep, dark circles around them, grinding of the teeth, clinch- 
ing of the jaws, offensive, fetid breath, coated tongue, itching of 
nose, mouth, capricious appetite, cough, wasting, diarrhoea or 
constipation, shreds of mucus or pieces of worm, perhaps blood, 
tympanic abdomen ; reflex symptoms, convulsions, chorea, 
spasm of glottis, hysteria, insanity, fever, nausea, vomiting ; 
not all found in any one case. 

Ascaris iAimbricoides.— Common round worms. Inhabit the small 
intestines, but sometimes ascend to the throat. 

Treatment: Santonine every other night, followed by a cathartic 
the following morning. Repeat six to ten times; or, one teaspoonful 
of grated raw carrots the first thing in the morning. Naphthol in two- 
grain closes, repeated three times, has proved very good. Diet exclu- 
sively of chopped broiled steak, and good ripe fruits with little sugar. 
Drink hot water before meals and on retiring. The only drink for 
three days, beside the hot water, should be onion tea, made by slicing 
an onion into two pints of water and standing twelve hours. Sweeten 
with honey. 

Oxyiiris Vermicularis (pin or thread worms).— Inhabit the colon 
and rectum, causing much irritation. 



544 THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 

Treatment: Rectal injections of salt water; or, infusions of hydras- 
tis, or gold thread; or, give a strong dose of rochelle salts, and as soon 
as they have operated, follow with a strong tea of quassia as an injec- 
tion. Diet tor pin worms, mutton, beef, fowl and white tish, with salt 
freely. Avoid veal, pork, sweetmeats, sweet-made dishes and pastry. 

Tape Worm (taenia solium). — Occupies the intestines. 

Treatment: Clear out the intestines with a strong dose of castor 
oil, then feed for a day on onions, garlic and salt herring. Next morn- 
ing before breakfast one to four teaspoonfuls of fl. ext of male fern, 
and follow with one and one-half ounces of castor oil at intervals of 
an hour; or, bruise to a paste three ounces of pumpkin seeds with the 
shells. A supper of milk and tea or coffee. A dose of salts at bedtime, 
and the paste the next morning. No breakfast until after the bowels 
have moved, then two hours later an ounce of castor oil with one-half 
drop of croton oil. Stools to be passed into a bucket of water to float 
the worm and prevent breaking. If the head has not passed, wait 
three months and try again. 

If the kind of worm is unknown, soak an onion cut up in two pints 
of water. Drink the juice in the morning, fasling. Do this for several 
days; or, a tablespoonful of honey boiled in two pints of water, drank 
freely, and half an hour afterward a half cup of wormwood tea. 

Wounds. — See accidents. 

Wrinkles are smoothed out by the daily rubbing in of 
lanolin, a daily sponge bath, and preserving a " conscience 
void of offence toward God and man," and a countenance ever 
sunny with content. 

Writer's Cramp. — From over-use of one set of mus- 
cles in writing. Treatment: Crampy pain, hand trembles, 
wrists ache, nat. phos. Hands get stiff while writing, kali 
mur. ; or, the thermo-ozone battery, rest of the affected mus- 
cles, sea-bathing, or other hygienic means to increase nervous 
tone. 

Wry Neck (torticollis — caput obstipum). — The head 
drawn toward one shoulder, with the face toward the opposite 
side. Cause : Spasmodic contraction of the muscles. 

Treatment: If they are inflamed and rigid, fomentations of. 
lobelia; if nervous, mag. phos.; if from unequal strength of muscles, 
or partial atony of those on the yielding side, strengthen them by 
appropriate exercises. If from injuries consult a surgeon. 

Yeast Fungi. — In catarrh of all the hollow organs of 
the body, as the stomach, bowels, bladder, uterus, the yeast 
fungi grow side by side with the sarcinae. Yeast torula con- 
sist of spherical or oval cells of many species, varying in size 
and in action on different fluids, but all split up sugar into 
alcohol and carbonic acid. Torula cerevisise, ordinary brewers' 
yeast, is found in the stomach in gastric catarrh ; in the bowels 
in intestinal catarrh ; in the uterus and bladder in catarrh of 



DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 545 

both organs, causing great uneasiness and pain. In chronic 
cases the fungus is changed into the oidium albicans, produc- 
ing ulceration. Treatment: Peroxide of hydrogen, or sul- 
phide of lime in the stomach, Virginia stone crop in the bow- 
els, iodol or resorcin in the uterus and bladder. 

YellOAV Fever. — A streptococcus, or fungus abounding 
at the mouths of great rivers and on the seashore of tropical 
countries, which, when inhaled, changes the primary bioplasm 
into a diseased fungus. The location and season are the chief 
means of diagnosis at outset. 

Symptoms: Three stages. 1st. Chills, prostration, fever; hard, 
rapid pulse, violent thirst, red face, restless; nausea, vomiting slimy, 
greenish, coffee-ground matter; cerebral congestion, with pain; eyes 
red. 

2d. Add to the above, gastric disturbance much worse, the tongue 
heavily coated, dry, cracked, irritability; much vomiting, persistent, 
of brown mass, with coffee-ground-like flakes. 

3d. Face very yellow and livid, eyes dull, sunken, nose or lips 
pinched, tongue brown or black, intense burning pain in stomach 
liver and spleen; suppression of urine, oppression of chest, difficult 
dreathing, pulse small and tremulous; skin cold, clammy, great pros- 
tration; vomit, brown turbid matter, mixed with dark clotty blood. 

Treatment : The most rigid sanitary measures as for scarlet 
fever, diphtheria, etc. Upper room, free from noise and excess of 
light. 

1st Stage. Treat each symptom as it occurs, and the general germ- 
s mitt en condition with body-spongings of water acidulated with nitro- 
muriatic acid, and by stomach, full doses of pilocarpine one-sixth 
grain in hot water, in alternation with one-half teaspoonr'ul doses of 
peroxide of hydrogen in water; one medicine every one-half hour 
until profuse perspiration. This should be preceded by a mild lobelia 
emetic and a full colon flush. Warm water to head. 

2d Stage. Three times a day a bowel injection of eight ounces — 
water six and one-half ounces, hydrogen peroxide one and one-half 
ounces. Mustard on stomach. Teaspoonful doses of the peroxide, 
one-half pure glycerine, every one to three hours. Nutritive retained 
enemas every three hours. 

3d Stage. Increase the strength of the peroxide in the bowel injec- 
tions to two ounces to six of water. Separate packs of body and limbs 
in cayenne water. Every two hours hot milk and brandy retained 
enemas. Sprays of pure peroxide frequently into the mouth. Conva- 
lescence to be dieted with the same care as dysentery. 



APPENDIX. 



1. Quantities to be Taken by Adults of Remedies Named in 
the Foregoing Pages, where the Amount of Dose was not 
Prescribed — 2. Special Foods Omitted from their Proper 
Place but Named in the Dietaries — 3. Index of Contents 
and Glossary of Terms Used. 

Adult Doses of Remedies named, but not dosed when 
prescribed, in the preceding pages : 

Althea. — Fluid extract, one to two teaspoonfuls every one to lour 
hours. 

Arnica.— Fluid extract of flowers, five to fifteen drops ; of root , five 
to thirty drops every four to six hours. 

Amyl-nitrate. — Two to ten drops. Stop if face flushes. 

Aftermath. — The second mowing of hay. 

Aconite. — Fluid extract of leaves, two to five drops; of root, one- 
half to two drops. Better to put seven drops in two-thirds glass of 
water, and give one teaspoonful as a dose every twenty to one hun- 
dred and eighty minutes. 

Aromatic Sulphuric Acid.— Ten to thirty drops in wineglassful of 
water three times a day. Protect the teeth. 

Alkaline Water.— Vichy, Bladon, Fachingen, Ems. 

Aromatic Phosphates.— One-fourth teaspoonful three times a day. 

Atropia or Atropine. — See belladonna. 

Ammonia, Chloride of.— As an expectorant five to ten grains 
every two hours in sweetened mucilage. For liver torpor twenty 
grains thrice daily. As a spray ten to twenty grains to one ounce of 
water. 

Ammonia, Carbonate.— Five grains every two hours in mucilage. 

Agrimony Tea.— One ounce to sixteen ounces water, simmered an 
hour in an earthen vessel; two ounces every one or two hours. 

Angelica Root Tea.— One ounce to sixteen ounces water infused 
in covered vessel; one to two ounces, as needed. 

Althea Off. Tea.— One ounce to sixteen ounces water; one to two 
ounces, as needed. 

Ambrosia Leaves.— One ounce to thirty-two ounces water and one 
dram ginger; one to two ounces every two to four hours. 

Belladonna.— Fl. ext of leaves one to four drops; of root one to 
three drops. Active principle, atropine, one-two hundredth to one- 
fiftieth grain, solution of once or twice a day. 

546 



APPENDIX. 547 

Boroglyceride Paste.— Five to ten grains every hour until crystals 
of boric acid appear in the urine, then less. Solutions of three per 
cent for bladder injection. 

Bath, Sponge.— Nil ro-muriatic acid. Water acidulated to the 
strength of strong vinegar. 

Black Willow.— Fl. ext. one-fourth to one teaspoonful three times 
a day. 

Boneset (eupatorium perf.)— One ounce powder to one quart boil- 
ing water; one to three ounces, as needed. 

Berberis Aquifolium.— Fl. ext. ten to thirty drops; solid extract 
two to six grains three times a day. 

Blue Flag.— FL ext. ten to twenty drops; solid extract two to four 
grains (not iridin), cathartic. 

Bryonia.— Fl. ext. ten to sixty drops; bryonin one-twelfth grain 
every one-half hour until it purges. 

Bitter Root.— Fl. ext. as a tonic and diaphoretic ten to twenty 
drops; as an emetic thirty drops; solid ext. one to four grains. (Con- 
centration) Apocynin one-half to two grains, tea one-half ounce to 
twenty-lour ounces water; one to two ounces two or three times a day. 

Butternut.— Fl. ext. of bark of root one to two teaspoonfuls ; solid 
extraci three to ten grains. Concentration, juglandin one to live 
grains every two to four hours. 

Brewer's Yeast.— One ounce three to sixteen times a day. Yeast 
poultice. See poultices. 

Bioclieiuic Remedies.— Calcaria phos.; calcaria sulph.; calcaria 
neur. ; t err una phos.; kali mm.; kali phos.; kali sulph.; magnesium 
phos.; natrum mux.; natrum phos.; natrum sulph.; silicea. Dose of 
each three grains every four to six hours in chronic cases, and every 
one-fourth to two hours in acute cases. Usual form, powders or one 
grain tablets; latest form three grain tablets. 

Caulophylluin (blue cohosh).— Fl. ext. ten to thirty drops; solid 
ext. two to four grains; (cone.) caulophyllin one to five grains. ^Infusion, 
one-hal t ounce, water sixteen ounces one-half hour covered ; one ounce 
every hour or two. 

Cimioifuga (black cohosh).— Fl. ext. fifteen to sixty drops; solid 
ext. three to ten grains; cone, cirnicifugin (macrotin), one to four 
grains. Infusion one-half ounce powdered, water eight ounces tepid; 
stand one-half hour; two teaspoonfuls every hour. 

Cinchona (peruvian bark). — Fl. ext. one-half to one teaspoonful; 
solid ext. five to twenty grains every four to six hours. 

Cinchona, Compound Tinct.— Huxham's tinct. ; one to four tea- 
spoonfuls every four to six hours. 

Cinchona Tea. — Boil yellow bark one ounce ten minutes in covered 
vessel in one pint water.' Strain, add water till one pint is obtained; 
one to two ounces three or four times a day. 

Codeine (alk.)— One-sixth grain every three or four hours for 
cough; one-halt to one grain at bedtime for insomnia. 

Codeine, Syrup of.— Three grains in one ounce of simple syrup; 
dose one-tourth teaspoonful. 

Coca.— Fl. ext. of leaves one to two teaspoonfuls; solid ext. ten to 
twenty-five grains one to four times a day. 

Caffeine (coffee). — Fl. ext., one-half to one and one-half teaspoon- 
fuls; solid, one to three grains; citrated, two to five grains; efferves- 
cent, one to three grains every three to six hours. 

Calcium, L,acto-phosphate.— One and one-half grains three to six 
times daily. 

Copaiba (balsam).— One-fourth to one teaspoonftd every four hours. 

Chloroform Liniment.— Commercial chloroform four and one-half 
ounces, soap liniment eleven and one-half ounces; apply and cover 
with waxed paper or oiled silk. 



548 THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 



Chestnut Tea.— One ounce leaves steeped in two pints boiling 
water; use freely. 

Calciuin Sulphide.— One-twelfth grain three to twelve times daily. 

Conium (hemlock).— Two to five grains ; fl. ext. five to twenty drops 
every two hours. 

Colocynth.— Fl. ext. two to five drops; powdered extract one to 
two grains. 

Chamomile (anthemis).— Thirty to sixty drops of fl. ext. ; eight to 
twelve grains of solid three or four times a day. 

Chamomile Tea.— One-half ounce flowers to sixteen ounces water; 
one-half to one ounce four times a day as a tonic; two to lour ounces 
at pleasure as a gentle relaxant three or four times a day. 

Chionanthus (fringe tree).— One-fourth to one teaspoonful of fl. 
ext.; five to twenty grains solid two to four times a day. 

Capsicum.— Five to fifteen drops of fl. ext.; solid one-half to two 
grains ; tinct. thirty to sixty drops as needed. 

Capsicum Tea.— Twenty grains to sixteen ounces water; one to 
three ounces every two hours. 

Cactus Grand (cereus grandiflorus).— Fl. ext. two to five drops 
every two to six hours. 

Cathartics, Saline. — Epsom salts one ounce; Glauber's salts one- 
half to one ounce; Hunyadi Janos; Friedrichshall ; seidlitz; Crab 
Orchard; Estill; Harrodsburg; Kissingen, a sufficient quantity. 

Catnip Tea.— One-half ounce steeped ten minutes in sixteen ounces 
water, and strain with pressure. Must not come near the boiling 
point. 

Catnip Juice.— Put fresh plant under moderate pressure and add 
a little thirty per cent, alcohol for a day, then press powerfully; a tea- 
spoonful for nervous convulsions of children, repeated hourly.' 

Cleavers Tea.— Digest two ounces in a quart of tepid water thirty 
minutes, strain with pressure; one to three ounces every two or three 
hours. 

Dandelion.— Fl. ext. root one to three teaspoonfuls; solid, ten to 
thirty grains three or tour times a day. 

Dandelion Tea. — Digest four ounces of bruised root in twenty-four 
ounces hot water for an hour, boil a few minutes and strain; two to 
four ounces three times a day. Flavor with wintergreen. 

Dwarf Elder (arabia hisp.)— Fl. ext., one to two teaspoonfuls every 
four hours. 

Dwarf Elder Tea.— Two ounces bark of root to one quart water; 
two or three ounces three times a day. 

Dusting Powder.— Strongly antiseptic, one part of menthymos to 
three parts of starch; mildly antiseptic, one part menthymos to seven 
parts starch. 

Epsom Salts (sulph. magnesium).— One ounce; often better in one- 
fourth ounce doses, repeated. 

Eyebright (euphrasia off.) Tea.— One ounce to sixteen ounces hot 
water; two ounces every two hours. 

Euonymus (wahoo).— Fl. ext. one to two teaspoonfuls; powdered 
ext. five to fifteen grains. Decoction, crushed bark two ounces, boil- 
ing water one quart, one hour, strain with pressure, add two ounces 
sugar, and water enough to make a quart; two ounces every four 
hours, to break an expected chill. 

Elderberry Syrup.— One quart of berries to one pint of honey, 
boiled to a syrup; one to two dessertspoonfuls in a glass of water, as 
needed. 

Emetics. — Lobelia and composition equal parts, two tablespoonfuls 
in a quart of hot water; two to four ounces every five to thirty min- 
utes. Lobelia emetics should always be preceded by warm drink of 
soda or bicarbonate of potassa. 



APPENDIX. 549 



Enemas.— Opiate. Opium one grain, to water three ounces; or, 
laudanum thirty drops, to water three ounces every tour to twelve 
hours. 

Enemas.— Stimulating. Capsicum one-half to four grains in four 
ounces of elm water; or, whisky or brandy one to two ounces in three 
ounces of water; or, water of ammonia one dram, in three ounces of 
mucilage or elm water every three to six hours. 

Feverfew (wild chamomile) Tea.— One-half ounce of dried herb to 
one quart nearly boiling water in covered vessel; two ounces every 
one-half hour; rl. ext. one-fourth to one teaspoonfnl. 

False Bittersweet (celastrus scand.)— Fl. ext. bark of root, one to 
tw r o teaspoonfuls ; tea, two ounces to thirty-two ounces water ; two or 
three ounces every four hours. 

Fomentations.— Wild Indigo.— One-half to one ounce to one pint 
of water, boiled a few minutes. Peroxide of hydrogen.— Saturate a 
thin layer of cotton with the peroxide, Jay it upon the part, and cover 
with hot water fomentation. Permanganate of potash. — One to ten 
grains to the ounce of water; used the same as the peroxide of hydro- 
gen. Smart weed (polygonum hydro.).— Dip the fresh herb in hot vin- 
egar and water equal parts; apply and cover with hot flannels. 
Hops. — Steep one ounce in a pint of boiling water, covered, ten min- 
utes, then add one-half pint of hot vinegar. Put the hops into a bag 
and apply hot and cover with hot flannel. Re-dip in the hot fluid 
every ten to twenty minutes. 

Golden Seal (Hydrastis).— Fl. ext., no alcohol, ten to thirty drops; 
colorless ten to sixty drops; solid or powdered ext. two to ten grains; 
(cone.) hydrastin one to three grains; berberine hydrochlorate one to 
four grains; (alk.) hydrastine one-sixteenth to one-fourth grain three 
times a day. 

Germicidal Ointments.— One ounce of vaseline, or lanoline, or 
cerate, medicated with iodine, eighteen grains, and iodide of potas- 
sium four grains; or, iodoform forty-eight grains; or, salicylic acid 
eighteen grains; or, carbolic acid forty-eight grains; or, resorcin one 
dram; or, oxide of silver forty to eighty grains; or, glycozone one 
ounce, and many others. 

Gelseminm.— Fl. ext. one to ten drops ; solid one-fifth to two grains ; 
(cone.) gelsemperin, or gelsemin, one-eighth to one grain; (alk.) gel- 
seminine one-two hundred and fiftieth of a grain every three to six 
hours. 

Gravel Root (eup. purp.)— Fl. ext. ten to thirty drops; powder 
thirty grains three times a day; tea one-half oz. root digested twenty 
minutes in a pint of hot water, covered. Acute cases one ounce every 
two hours; chronic tw T o ounces four times a day. 

Hamamelis (witch hazel).— Fl. ext. of leaves one to two teaspoon- 
fuls ; solid ext. five to fifteen grains ; distilled ext. one to two teaspoon- 
fuls; (cone.) hamamelis one to three grains; tea tw T o drams in one-half 
pint warm water, one-half to two ounces every two to four hours. 

Hair Cap Moss.— Fl. ext. one to two teaspoonfuls; tea, steep one- 
half ounce in a quart of water; one to three ounces every two to four 
hours. 

Helonias (false unicorn).— Fl. ext. one-half to two teaspoonfuls; 
(cone.) helonin two to four grains ; powder five grains every four to six 
hours. 

Hensels' Tonicum (ferric and ferrous salts of iron).— One teaspoon- 
ful to eight ounces sweetened water one-half to one hour after meals. 

Inunctions.— Olive oil, one-half to one ounce rubbed into the skin 
daily; or olive oil six drains, soap liniment two drams; or one-half to 
one ounce of olive oil one pint, oil of sassafras and oil of lavender each 
one ounce; or cod-liver oil, pale, used as olive oil; or quinine two 
drams, oil of cinnamon one dram, lard eight ounces; one-half to one 
ounce, rubbed in once a clay. 

Inhalations.— To be used by drawing the inhaled air through the 

solution five to fifteen minutes, two to six times a day. Creosote twel ve 

| drops, boiling water eight ounces; hydrogen peroxide one to two 



550 THE SECRLT OF HEALTH. 



drams in four ounces. "Renew every time. Comp. tinct. benzoin, one 
dram in four ounces. Renew when necessary. Iodine tinct. one hun- 
dred and twenty drops, glycerine and water each one ounce. 

Iodol Lotion.— Iodine one part, alcohol sixteen parts, glycerine 
thirty-four parts; applied with a brush. 

Ipecac. — Fl. ext., expectorant, one-fourth to one drop; diaphoretic, 
one to two drops; emetic, twenty-five drops; repeated if necessary. 

Ipecac Syrup.— Thirty grains in each fluid ounce ; wine, dose fifteen 
to sixty drops. 

Ipecac Tincture.— Fl. ext. two ounces, fifty per cent, alcohol four- 
teen ounces ; dose forty to eighty drops ; one to six drops for nausea, 
often. 

Ignatia.— Fl. ext. of seed, one to ten drops; solid or powdered, one- 
sixth to one grain three times a day. 

Iodoform.— Locally not over one-half dram applied at one time. 

Iodine Lotion. — Three grains iodine and six of iodide of potassium 
dissolved in a pint of water, applied one to three times a day. 

Injections. — Bowel or vaginal (antiseptic), menthymos. one-half to 
two drams to the pint; salicylic acid one-half dram dissolved in a little 
boiling water, and when cool added to one pint of water; peroxide of 
hydrogen one-half to four ounces to the pint; carbolic acid, one per 
cent, to four percent.; boroglyceride one to three drams to the pint; 
boracic acid, one dram to the pint. 

Ingluvin (gizzard of the fowl).— Ten to twenty grains before meals. 

Jaborandi.— Fl. ext. of leaves of pilocarpus sell, ten to thirty drops; 
solid or powdered, three to ten grains. Pilocarpine (alk.) one-twentieth 
to one-sixth grain, hourly. 

Kola.— Fl. ext. of nuts, ten to thirty drops on retiring. 

Lobelia.— Fl. ext. expectorant, one to ten drops; emetic, ten to 
sixty drops; solid or powdered ext., one-half to two grains; powdered 
herb, one dram; powdered seed, one-half dram. 

Lobelia (cone.) Lobeliin.— Emetic one to three grains, repeated if 
necessary; expectorant, one-twelfth grain, hourly. 

Lobelia (alk.) Lobeline. — one-one hundred thirty-fourth grain ten 
times daily; increased if desirable. 

Lobelia Tea.— One dram to four ounces water, not boiling, for 
emetic; one-half dram to sixteen ounces water, not boiling, two to 
four teaspoonfuls every one-half hour, as a relaxant. 

Lobelia Oil. — Five drops or more as a powerful external relaxant. 

Lobelia Embrocation.— Relaxing, one pint saturated tinct. of lobe- 
lia seeds (ninety per cent, alcohol), two ounces essence of wormwood 
and two ounces'liard soap. 

Lead Water.— Distilled water boiled and cooled, five ounces, add 
one teaspoonful of solution of subacetate of lead. Lotion. 

Lime, Sulphide of.— One-twelfth grain three to twelve times a 
day. 

Leptandra. — Fl. ext. fifteen to sixty drops; solid or powdered ext. 
three to ten grains; (cone.) leptandrin, in acute cases, one-fourth to one 
grain; chronic, one to four grains one to three times daily. 

Lady's Slipper. — Fl. ext., fifteen to sixty drops; solid ext., three to 
ten grains. (Cone.) cypripedin, one-half to three grains every two 
hours as needed. Tea.— Powder one-half ounce, warm water sixteen 
ounces, steep below boiling in covered vessel one-half hour; one-half 
to two ounces every two hours. Double the dose if necessary. 

Lithium Carbonate. — Five to fifteen grains, best in carbonic acid 
water two or more times a day. 

Male-Fern.— Fl. ext. one-half to three teaspoonfuls; solid, nine to 
fifteen grains; powder, one hundred to one hundred twenty-five grains 
before breakfast; oil, thirty to sixty drops in an ounce of thick muci- 
lage of gum arabic and four ounces' of fresh milk given before break- 
fast, followed in two hours with a large dose of castor oil. 



APPEHDIX, 551 



Menthol.— See menthymos for substitute. 

Alenthymos. — Standard solution, one ounce to one pint of pure soft 
water; drinking solution, ten to thirty drops of the standard solution 
in a goblet of water; syringe solution, one teaspoon tul of standard 
solution to two quarts of water; spray or inhalation, dilute the stand- 
ard solution until the desired effect is reached ; eye solution, live to ten 
grains to an ounce of water, strain through cotton. 

Nux Vomica.— Fl. ext., one to ten drops; solid or powdered, one- 
tenth to one grain three times a day. 

Ox Gall.— Solid extract five to ten grains ; powdered the same. 

Oats, Tincture of.— Concentrated, ten to twenty drops; ozonized, 
fifteen to thirty drops three to six times a day. 

Fain Suppositories.— Two grains lobelia seeds and three of pow- 
dered lady's slipper made into a conical suppository with simple 
cerate stiffened with pulverized gum arabic. One in' rectum every 
four, six or twelve hours for any pain that relaxation will relieve. 

Poultices. — Charcoal : Soak two ounces crumbed bread ten minutes 
in ten ounces boiling water, stir, add gradually one and one-half ounces 
of linseed meal and one-fourth ounce wood charcoal and sprinkle one- 
fourth more charcoal on the surface of the poultice. Linseed: L. meal 
four ounces gradually stirred into ten ounces boiling water. Iodine: 
Use lime water for iodine lotion which see and thicken with powdered 
elm. Alkaline: Soft soap thickened with indian meal or powdered 
elm. Yeast : Mix six ounces of beer yeast with six ounces of water at 
one hundred degrees F. and stir in fourteen ounces wheat flour. Lin- 
seed and yeast: Make as yeast, using a sufficient quantity of linseed 
meal instead of flour. Permanganate of potash: See fomentations. 

Passiflora Incarnata.— Fl. ext. fifteen to sixty drops every two to 
six hours. 

Pancrobilin.— Pure ox gall two grains; pure pancreatin one-half 
grain ; one to three pills before meals. 

Pancreatin.— Pure, one to two grains; saccharated, four to eight 
grains before meals. 

Peroxide of Hydrogen. — Fifteen vol. solution, eone-half to thre 
teaspoon fills; "ozonized water," six drams to a pint of water; three 
goblets a day. 

Podophyllum. — Fl. ext. of mandrake ten to twenty drops; solid or 
powdered two to four grains; (resin) podophyllum laxative one-eighth 
to one-fourth grains; purge one-fourth to one grain; podophyllo toxin 
one-sixteenth to one-half "grain. The trituration one to one hundred 
of sugar of milk is the preferable form of use, one to five grains. 

Phosphate of Soda.— Twenty to forty grains in water after meals. 

Phosphorus.— One one-hundredth to one-twentieth grain three 
times a day. 

Pepsin.— Saccharated, five to thirty grains; pepsin, one to three 
grains; lactated, one to five grains after meals. 

Papoid.— Papaw juice, one to five grains; solution, one part to two 
.parts each of water and glycerine for dissolving diphtheritic 
membrane. 

Phosphoric Acid.— Twenty to sixty drops largely diluted three 
times a day. 

Phytolacca poke berry). — Fl. ext. ten to sixty drops : cone, of root) 
phytolacciii one-fourth to one grain three to six times a day. 

Pleurisy Knot. — Fl. ext. one-half to two teaspoon fills. 

Pleurisy Hoot Tea.— One ounce to one quart boiling water ; four 
ounces every sixty to ninety minutes. 

Perchloride of Iron ferric chloride .—Solution one and one-half to 
six drains to the ounce of water. 

Permanganate of Potash.— Wash, three grains to one ounce water. 

Parsley.— One ounce Lo one pint hot water; one ounce every two to 
four hours*. 



552 THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 



Quebracho.— Fl. ext. of bark fifteen to sixty drops; powdered five 
to thirty grains every four to six hours. 

Quinine Inunction. — See inunctions. 

Quinine.— One to two grains every one to six hours; usually best 
with a dose of capsicum. 

Rhus Aromatica. — Fl. ext. of bark five to thirty drops; solid ext. 
one to rive grains every four hours. 

Resorcin. — Pure, two to five grains; solution for mucus membrane 
one per cent, to twenty per cent.; in ointments for the skin five per 
cent, to thirty per cent. Pure, three times a day. 

Solutions, Per Cent, of.— One drop of a liquid or one grain of a 
powder to ninety-nine drops of fluid make a one per cent. sol. Hence 
as there are four hundred eighty drops, or four hundred and eighty 
grains in an ounce, four and eight-tenths drops or grains will make one 
ounce of one per cent, solution, and the required multiple of this will 
give a solution of any strength. 

Sulfonal. — Fifteen grains, then five grains every hour until sleep is 
induced. 

Sumbul.— Thirty to sixty grains every three hours. 

Sassafras.— Bark of roots one-fourth to one dram three times a day. 

Sassafras Oil. — Two to four drops on sugar. 

Sassafras Tea.— Two ounces to sixteen of water. Use freely. 

Saw Palmetto.— Fl. ext. of berries one-half to two teaspoonfuls, 
solid ext. five grains and upward three times a day. 

Sanguinaria.— Fl. ext. as expectorant two to five drops; as emetic, 
ten to twenty drops; powd. and solid ext. one to five grains; (cone.) 
sanguinariin one-eighth to one grain; (alk.) sanguinarine nitrate, one- 
eighth to one-twelfth grain every two to lour hours. 

Saracenia Flava. — Fl. ext. ten to twenty drops three times a day. 

Shepherd's Purse. — Fl. ext. of herb, fifteen to sixty drops three 
times a day. 

Sulphur. — One to three drams one to three times a day. 

Santonin. — Active principle of levant wormseed, one-fourth to one- 
half grains; santonin-ox im is the preferable form, one to five grains; 
one or two doses fasting, and no more until next day. 

Scull-cap.— Fl. ext. of leaves one-half to one teaspoonful; solid or 
powdered ext. four to fifteen grains; (cone.) scutellarin one to three 
grains every one to four hours. 

Sprays.— Menthol, one per cent, to ten per cent, in fluid vaseline; 
resorcin, five per cent, to twenty-live per cent, in water; terebene sixty 
drops in one ounce fluid vaseline; eucalyptus oil, six drops in six 
drams of glycerine; beechwood creasote, thirty drops in one ounce oil 
of sweet almond, and one of peroxide of hydrogen; oil of tar, thirty 
drops in one ounce of alcohol; hydrogen peroxide fifteen vol. sol. clear 
or diluted. 

Soda, Bicarbonate. — Ten to sixty grains. 

Tartaric Acid.— Five to thirty grains. 

Thymol. — See menthymos for substitute. 

Tansy. — One to two ounces to one pint boiling water. Use 
externally. 

Tooth Powder.— Antiseptic and elegant, one part of menthymos to 
three or four of chalk precipitate. 

Virginia Stone Crop.— Fl. ext. of herb, ten to thirty drops three or 
four times a day. 

Wood Sorrel.— Juice evaporated in the sun to a soft extract, stif- 
fened into an ointment with simple cerate. For cancer apply once a 
day as long as can be borne, then remove and dress with some healing 
salve. For indolent ulcers apply often enough and strong enough to 
awaken life. 

Wintergreen.— Fl. ext. one-half to one teaspoonful every four 
hours. 



APPENDIX. 553 



Wintergfreen Oil.— Ten to twenty drops. 

Wintergreen Tea.— One ounce to sixteen of water. Use freely. 
Wormwood.— Powder, five to fifteen grains three times a day. 
Wormwood Tea.— One-half ounce in sixteen ounces boiling water; 
two to tour teaspoonfuls. 

Wormwood Oil.— Used externally to stimulate and strengthen. 

Special Foods omitted from their proper place, but 
used in the dietaries : 

In Diet No, 38.— Graham Gems: Mix two cups flour, one-half tea- 
spoonful salt, one tablespoon sugar. Add one cup milk to the beaten 
yolks of two eggs, then one cup water and stir into the flour, etc., then 
stir in the whites beaten stiff, and bake thirty minutes in hot gem 
pans. 

In Diet No. 41.— Egg and Brandy: Eggs six ounces, water four 
ounces, sugar three-fourths ounce, brandy four ounces. Whole Wheat 
Crisps; — Whole wheat flour eight ounces, sugar two ounces, cream 
eight ounces, salt spoon of salt. Knead fifteen minutes, roll out thin 
and bake in ungreased tins. "Specially good for children."— Mrs. 
Lincoln. 

In Diet No. 34. — Chicken Salad : Chicken sixteen ounces, celery 
sixteen ounces, cream four ounces, yolks of two eggs, one lemon, oil 
of olive sixteen ounces, sugar one-eighth ounce. 

In Diet No. 31.— Baked Indian Pudding: Milk sixteen ounces, 
Indian meal four ounces, two eggs, sugar four ounces, cream six ounces. 
Simple Pudding : Bread sixteen ounces, cream sauce six ounces. 

In Diet No. 42.— Snow Drift Sauce: Butter four ounces, sugar 
eight ounces. Cream Sauce: Cream eight ounces, yolk of egg two 
ounces. 



LIST OF AUTHORS CONSULTED. 



A few of the following list are pamphlets ; named because 
of some important matter contained in them. 

An Index of the Practice of Medicine, W. M. Carpenter, M. D. 

Anatomy, Gray. 

A Compend of Human Anatomy, S. O. L. Potter, M. D. 

A Compend of Human Physiology, A. P. Brubaker, M. D. 

A Hand-book of Invalid Cooking, Mary A. Boland. 

A Manual of Dissection of the Human Body, L. Holden, M. D. 

Abridged Therapeutics, founded upon Histology and Cellular 
Pathology, W. H. Schussler, M. D. ; tr. by M. D. Walker, M. D. 

Brain Work and Overwork, H. C. Wood, M. D. 

Body and Mind, Henry Maudsley, M. D. 

Cerebral Hypersemia, W. A. Hammond, M. D. 

Cheap Dinners for School Children. 

Consumption, N. S. Davis, Jr., M. D. 

Chemistry of Foods, James Bill, Ph. D. 

Diseases of Children, J. L. Smith, M. D. 

Diseases of Women, G. H. Taylor, M. D. 

Diseases of Women, Alex. J. C. Skene, M. D. 

Digestion and Diet, Sir Wm. Roberts, M. D. 

Diet in Relation to Age and Activity, Sir H. Thompson. 

Diseases of the Lungs, W. R. Amick, M. D. 

Eating for Strength, M. L. Holbrook, M. D. 

Essentials of Diet, E. H. Ruddock, M. D. 

Electrical Medication, Tipton, M. D. 

Electro-Therapeutics, C. M. Haynes, M. D. 

Encyclopedia of the Practice of Medicine, based on Bacteriology, 
J. Buchanan, M. D. 

Esoteric Anthropology, T. L. Nichols, M. D. 

Eclectic Practice of Medicine, J. M. Scudder, M. D. 

First Aid in Illness and Injury, J. E. Pilcher, M. D. 

Food in Motherhood, Ephraim Cutter, M. D. 

Foods (Various articles in current literature. Very valuable), 
Prof. W. O. Atwater. 

Fruits, How to Use Them, Hester M. Poole. 

Fruit and Bread, A Scientific Diet, Gustav Schlickeyser. 

Family Physician and Household Companion, M. L. Byrne, M. D. 

Hygiene of the Nursery, Louis Starr, M. D. 

Health Hints for Travelers, J. C. Sundberg, M. D. 

Homeopathic Practice, M. Freligh, M. D. 

How Nature Cures, Emmet Densmore, M. D. 

Heredity, Th. Ribot. 

554 



LIST OF AUTHORS CONSULTED. 555 



How to Feed the Sick, Cli. Gatchell, M. D. 

Household Manual of Medicine, Surgery, Nursing and Hygiene, 
Henry Hartshorn, M. D. 

Hygienic Physiology, J. D. Steele. 

Human Physiology, J. W. Draper, M. D. 

Health by Exercise, G. H. Taylor, M. D. 

How to Get Strong, Win. Blaikie. 

How to Marry and Live Well on a Shilling a Day, Wm. Coushman. 

Health Primers: Winter and its Dangers, H. Osgood, M. I). : Sum- 
mer and its Diseases, J. C. Wilson, M. D.; Sea Air and Sea Bathing, 
J. H. Packard, M. D. 

Light Gymnastics, W. G. Anderson, M. D. 

Lessons in Mechanics of Personal Magnetism, Edmund Shaftesbury. 

La Grippe and its Treatment, C. Edison, M. D. 

La Grippe, its Origin, History and Treatment, V. H. Gayle, M. D. 

Milk Analysis and Infant Feeding, A. V. Meigs, M. D. 

Maternity, Infancy and Childhood, J. M. Keating, M. D. 

Midwifery, Wm. T. Lusk, M. D. 

Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Drs. Shoemaker and 
Aulde. 

Manual of Medical Electricity, Wm. White, M. D. 

Medical Common Sense, E. B. Foote, M. D. 

Medical and Surgical Electricity. Drs. Beard and Rockwell. 

Modern Materia Medica, H. Helbing, F. C. S. 

Manual of Dietetics for Physicians, Mothers and Nurses, W. B. 
Pritchard, M. D. 

Manual of Treatment by Actiye Principles and New Remedies, 
W. F. Waugh, M. D. 

Man ami Woman, H. C. Pedder. 

Medica] Journals. The current issues of many. 

National Medical Dictionary, J. S. Billings. 

New Medications, Duiardin-Beaumetz. Translated by E. P. Hurd, 
M. D. 

Notes on New Remedies, E. B. Shutterworth. 

Neryous Diseases, A. L. Ranny, M. D. 

Natural Method of Physical Training, E. Checkley. 

New Cure of Consumption, J. C. Burnett, M. D. 

On Disordered Digestion and Dyspepsia, Frank Woodbury, M. D. 

Official Formula? of American Hospitals, C. F. Taylor, M. D. 

Oxygen in Therapeutics, C. E. Shinger, M. D. 

Our Family Physician, H. R. Stout, M. D. 

On Examination and Diagnosis, R. Hazen, M. D. 

Purpura, G. W. Winterburn, M. D. 

Palatable Prescribing, R. W. Palmer, M. D. 

Ptomaines, Leucomaines and Bacterial Proteins, Drs. Vaughan 
and Novy. 

Principles and Practice of Medicine, A. Flint. M. D. 

Principles and Practice of Medicine. Wm. Osier, M. D. 

Physio-Medical Dispensntoi y , Wm. EL Cook, M. D. 

Painless Childbirth. John H. Dye, M. D. 

Physiological and Pathological Chemistry, C. Bnnge. 

Physical Culture, Founded on Dclsartean Principles, Caroline 
Le Fa vie. 

Practical Home Doctor for Women and Children, David Wark, M. D. 



556 THE SECRET OP HEALTH. 



Physical Culture, C. W. Emmerson, M. D. 

Reports of Mich. State Board of Health, 1889. 

Students' Manual of Diseases of the Skin, L. D. Bulkley, M. 1). 

Sleep and Sleeplessness, Mortimer Granville. 

Specific Diagnosis, J. M. Scudder, M. D. 

Sexual Science, Prof. O. S. Fowler. 

Summer Complaints and Infant Feeding, W. S. Christopher, M. D 

Science and Practice of Medicine, W. H. Cooke, M. D. 

Swedish Movement and Massage, Prof. H. Nissen. 

Secret Nostrums and Systems of Medicine, C. W. Oleson, M. D. 

The Food Question, The Century, Edward Atkinson. 

Treatise on Food and Dietetics, F. Pavy. 

The Chemistry of Foods, James Bill, Ph. D. 

The New Hand Book of Dosimetric Therapeutics, Dr. A. D. Burg- 
graeve. 

Therapeutic Key, or Practical Guide for the Homeopathic Treat- 
ments of Disease, J. D. Johnson, M. D. 

The Neuroses of the Gen i to-Urinary System in the Male, with 
Sterility and Impotency, R. Netzmann, M. D. 

The Woman and Her Accusers, W. A. Muhlenberg, D. D. 

The Power of Thought in the Production and Cure of Disease, 
D. Holcombe, M. D. 

Tokology, Alice B. Stockham, M. D. 

Therapeutic Key, J. D. Johnson, M. D. 

The Two Hundred Year Clifb, Everett Ralston. 

Text Book of Hygiene, Geo. H. Rone, M. D. 

The New Method, W. E. Forest, M. D. 

The Edenic Diet, A Christian Theosophist. 

The Edenic Diet, A Pagan Theosophist. 

The Physiology of Vegetarianism, Anna Kingsford, M. D. 

The Influence of Food on Character, Reuben Perry. 

The Chemistry of Food, A. W. Duncan, F. C. S. 

The Vegetists' Dietary, Domestica. 

The Pharmacology of the Newer Materia Medica, G. S. Davis, Pub. 

The Better Way, A. E. Newton. 

The Relation of Alimentation and Disease, J. H. Salisbury, M. D. 

The Natural Cure, C. C. Page, M. D. 

The Water Cure, Sebastian Kneipp. 

Text Book of Physiology, M. Foster, F. R. S. 

The Primitive Diet of Man, F. R. Lees, M. D. 

The Daughter, W. M. Capp, M. D. 

The Laws of Generation, Sexuality and Conception, H. M. Gour- 
rier, M. D. 

The Science of Nutrition, Ed. Atkinson, LL. D. 

The Best Diet, R. E. O'Callaghan. 

The Household Physician, Ira Warren, M. D. 

The Human Temperaments, W. B. Powell, M. D. 

The Biochemic System of Medicine, G. W. Carey, M. D. 

The Twelve Tissue Remedies, Drs. Boericke and Dewey. 

Woman's Book of Health, W. H. Cook, M. D. 

Weak Lungs, and their Remedy, Dio Lewis, M. D. 

Why Not ? R. H. Storer, M. D. 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY. 



(d) signifies that the word is defined on the page named. 



Page. 

Ab-circulation (d) 78 

Abdominal Part Pack (d) 327 

Ab-excretion (d) 78 

Abnormal— unhealthy, unnat- 
ural 

Abort— to bring to naught 

Abortion (d) 389 

Abscess (a cavity or tumor 

containing pus) 390 

Ab-secretioii (d) 78 

Absorption (the process by 
which the chyle is taken 
out of the intestines into the 
blood, through the villi, blood 
vessels, lacteals and thoracic 
duct), 67; physiological func- 
tions of 321 

Absorbents (a substance that 
absorbs), 16; external, 67; in- 
testinal, the lymphatic and 

lacteal vessels 321 

Absorbo-as trin gen t (a sub- 
stance combining the proper- 
ties of an absorbent and an 

astringent) 

Abstinence cure 268 

Acetates — salts and ethers of 

acetic acid 

Acetic acid 160 

Acids contained in food 160 

Acidulated — slightly acid 

Acrid — biting, hot; substances 
that irritate when applied to 
the skin or mucous mem- 
brane 

Actinomycosis 390 

Actinism— that power in the 
sun's rays by which chem- 
ical changes are produced, 

as in photography 

Addison's disease 390 

Adenitis (bubo) 391 

Adhesions— the growing to- 
gether of surfaces not de 

signed to adhere 

Aesthenia 391 

Ague 392 

Air— amount in each respira- 
tion (the accepted view) 2; 

5 



Page, 
spoiled in respiration, 2, 3, 
18; spoiled by gas burners 
and kerosene lamps, 3; vi- 
tiated by red-hot surfaces, 9; 
capacity of lungs, 61 ; purity 

of, 311 ; clearness of , 314 314 

Albumen, a basic albuminate 

of soda, C^ H 36 O u N 6 

Albuminoids— a group of pro- 
teids soluble in water and 

precipitated by boiling 

Albuminuria (the existence of 

albumen in the urine) 394 

Albumen water 204 

Alcoholism (delirium tremens) 394 
Alcoholic drinks affect diges- 
tion 39 

Alcohol — effects of on life, 114; 
per cent, in wines, 201; food 

value of, 204; vapor bath 333 

Ale and beef peptonized, 253 

Alkaloids — organic bases exist- 
ing in the tissues of plants 

and animals 

Alkaline drink 205 

Alopecia (loss of hair) 395 

Allopaths 264 

Alpine milk biscuit 254 

Altitude 308, 313 

Alterative method 357 

Alternating (d) 336 

Alum powders prohibited 160 

Alvine — relating to the intes- 
tines 

Amau rosi s 395 

Amenorrhea 395 

American waste of food 120 

Ammonaemia 396 

Ammoniacal— like smelling 

salts 

Amyloids— resembling or con- 
taining amyl or starch 

Amyl — a radical consisting of 
10* parts of carbon and 11 of 
hydrogen. With one part of 
oxygen adden, it forms amy- 
lie ether, and with a further 
addition of one part of water, 
amylic alcohol, or fusel ofl .. 

57 



558 



THE SECKET OF HEALTH. 



Page. 

Amyloid degeneration 396 

Anabolism (see metabolism). . . 
Anaemia (impoverished state 

of the blood) 397 

Anaesthetic (a substance that 

deadens sensibility) 

Anaesthesia (loss of sensibility 

by the use of an anaesthetic) 398 
Analytic (a method of physical 
research in which compound 
substances are resolved into 

their elements) 

Anasarca (dropsy) 455 

Anchylosis 398 

Aneuria (coma) 398 

Aneurism 398 

Angina pectoris (neuralgia of 

heart) 399 

Angina tonsillario (quinsy) 520 

Angina gangrenosa (quinsy)- • • 526 

Anglo-Swiss milk food 254 

Anodynes — medicines that re- 
lieve pain 

Anosmia 399 

Anorexia (loss of appetite) 399 

Anthrax 400 

Anthelmintic — antagonistic to 

worms 

Antipyrinism 400 

Antiseptic bath, containing an 
antiseptic, e. g., menthymos 

one dram to one quart 

Antiseptics and disinfectants, 45 
Antiseptic — preventing putre- 
faction 

Antispasmodic — that which al- 
lays spasms or pains 

Antiphlogistic — that which 

subdues inflammation 

Anti-ferment diet 299 

Antiseptics . -. 201 

Anteflexion (d) 400 

Anteversion (d ) 401 

Anus— fissure of, 401 ; fistula of, 401 

Aphonia (loss of voice) 402 

Appendicitis (perityphlitis) — 402 

Appetite, unnatural t 402 

Apples,— baked Nos. 1, 2 and 3, 
205; bread and milk, 205; ori- 
gin 179 

Apple— snow, 205 ; water 205 

Apoplexy 402 

Apricots 179 

Apthe 403 

Aqueous vapor (containing 

water) 1 

Arachnitis (d) 410 

Arachnoid — applied to the mid- 
dle membrane of the brain . . 
Arrow-root— uses and adulter- 
ants, 159 ; jelly 206 

Arteries 58 

Artificial fibrin 206 

Ascites (abdominal dropsy) 405 

Asparagus 159, 199 

Assimilation — the conversion 



Page, 
of food into the tissues of the 

body 

Asthma 404 

Astringency, law of 319 

Astri ngents 177 

Astringent method 368 

Atelectasis (pulmonary col- 
lapse) 405 

Atheroma 405 

Atom, the smallest portion of 
an elementary body that can 
go into combination and out 
of it and yet preserve its 

chemical properties 

Atrophy (rf), 406; of brain, 406; 
of heart, 406; of lungs, 406; of 

muscles 406 

Avenola 254 

Axillary — pertaining to the 

armpit 

Backache 406 

Bacillus— a rod-shaped vege- 
table bacterium 

Bacterium —a microscopical 
vegetable organism found in 
putrefying organic infusions 
Bacteria* — once used for all 
disease germs, now restricted 
to that" of mal assimilation 
identical with Hie bacillus 
m e g a t h e r i u m found on 

spoiled vegetables 

Bacon 194 

Baking powder — composition 
and use, 160; good recipe, 161 ; 
strength of various brands... 161 

Baked potatoes 206 

Baked Indian pudding 553 

Baldness (alopecia) 395 

Bananas 179 

Banana sauce 206 

Barley, 169; gruel, 206; water.. 206 
Bases — certain organic bodies 
which have the property of 
uniting with an acid, neutral- 
izing it and forming a salt. .. 

Basic — acting as a base 

Baths, 19; alcohol vapor, 333; 
cold, when to avoid, 324; re- 
action from, 324; domestic 
Turkish, 333; general rules 
for, 23; hot, when to avoid, 
325; medicated, 331 ; object of, 
19; spray, 326; temperature 

of, 324 ; various kinds 19-23 

Beans 162 

Bed-sores 341, 407 

Bed— aired and sunned 19 

Beefsteak broth 207 

Beef, 162; broth No. 1 and No. 2, 
206; essence, 207; extract, 254; 
juice, 207; preparations, 252; 
poisonous, 162; peptone, and 
peptonoids, 254; panada, 207; 

pulp, 207 ; scraped 207 

Beef tea, 163 ; (stimulating), 207; 



INDEX. 



559 



Page. 
(Dr. Porter's), 208; (nutritive) 208 
Beer — composition, adultera- 
tion of 164 

Beets— digestibility of 106 

Berries — blood purifiers, 165; 

various kinds 165 

Biardot's concentrated prepa- 
rations for invalids 255 

Biliousness (d) 407 

Biochemic Cure 304 

Bioc hemic — 1 if e-ch e mis try, 
used of the mineral salts nor- 
mally existing in the blood.. 

Birds— how to cook 184 

Blackberries 165, 179 

Blackberry cordial, 208; cream 208 

Blancmange 209 

Bladder— in fl animation of 
(cvstitis), 446; irritation of, 

408 ; paralysis of 408 

Blood diseases, 409; poisoning, 
409; described, constituents 

of, 56 ; course of 57 

Blood-cleansing method 357 

Bluefish 176 

Body 97, 98 

Boils, furuncles and carbuncles 409 
Bones, of frame 206, 49 ; of head 
29,50; of spine 26, 50; of ribs 
24, 51 ; of limbs 126, 51 ; hinged 

together by joints 53 

Bovinine 255 

Bowels — anatomy of, 280; coats 

of, 281; gas in 88 

Brain, 73; concussion of, (shock) 
412; congestion of, (hyper- 
emia) 411; fag, 411; inflam- 
mation of, 410; starvation, 
411; shock, 412; tubercular... 412 
Bran bread, 209 ; soup No. 1 and 

No. 2 209 

Bran water Xo. 1 and No. 2 209 

Brazil nuts 192 

Breasts — acute inflammation 
of (mastitis), 412; develop- 
ment of 507 

Breath— fetid 413 

Breathing— as related to pulse 

and weight 346 

Bread adulterants, 168; coffee, 
209; graham, 167; jelly, 209; 

requisites of, 166; rye 170 

Bronchi 59 

Bronchitis — acute, 413; acute 
capillary, 414: chronic, 414; 
membranous, 415; old folks'. 415 

Bronchocele (goitre) 415 

Bronchorrhoea 416 

Bru nner's glands 86, 281 

Bubo (adenitis) 3!>1 

Buckwheat 169 

Bullock's blood 256 

Bunions 416 

Butter 1<;8 

Buttermilk 209 

Buttered toast— (our toast) 210 



Page. 

Butyric acid— an acid having a 
strong rancid smell and acrid 
taste, derived from butter, 
or the fermentation of sugar 
with putrid cheese 

Butyric fermentation — a fer- 
mentation producing butyric 
acid 

Cabbage 168, 199 

Cachexia— a state of impaired 
nutrition and impoverished 
blood caused by some specific 
poison 

Cachexias 416 

Caecum — the large intestine 
below the ileo csecal valve. .. 

Caffeine — a feeble organic base, 
obtained from tea or coffee. . 

Calorie — a heat unit represent- 
ing the heat that would raise 
a kilogram of water one de- 
gree Centigrade, or 1 pound 4 
degrees F. —1.52 foot tons, 133- 
137; table of 95, 119 

Calves feet milk 210 

Calculi —biliary, 416; oxalic, 
417; phosphate, 417; renal, 
417 ; uric acid 417 

Camp Cure 272 

Cancer — (carcinoma 1 u p u s) 
(malignant tumor), 417; gas- 
tric 418 

Candle power— the intensity of 
the light of a standard candle 
at the distance of one foot. . . 2 

Canned goods, precaution in 
using 168 

Cane sugar— the sugar of cane, 
maple, beet-root, and Indian 
corn 

Capillaries (d) 59 

Capillary — hair-like, pertain- 
ing to the capillaries 

Carbuncle 418 

Carbonic acid — amount re- 
spired, 1; expired, 2, 70; high- 
est permissible quantity 3 

Carbonic oxide 4 

Carcinoma— a hard tumor 
affecting the glands, ending 
in an ulcer 

Cardialgia 419 

Carditis (inflammation of the 
heart) 419 

Care of the sick 338 

Caries (fever sores) and Xecro- 
sis 419 

Cardiac— belonging to the 
heart 

Carbon— an elementary com- 
bustible substance, not me- 
tallic in nature, which pre- 
dominates in all organic com- 
pounds and forms the base of 
charcoal and mineral coals.. t 

Carbohydrates — starches and 



560 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page, 
sugars containing exactly 
enough oxygen to saturate 

the hydrogen 

Carbon wafers 255 

Carnrick's diet 210 

Carnrick's food 255 

Carrots 169, 199 

Cartilages 53 

Casein— the proteid of milk, 
nearly pure in the curd of 

skimmed milk 

Cassava— a kind of starch or 

fecula, obtained from the 

root of the Janipha Manihot 

Catabolism (see metabolism).. . 

Catalepsy 420 

Cataract 420 

Catarrh, 420; aural, 421; of bile 
ducts, 421; o!' bladder (cysti- 
tis), 440; bronchial, 422; cer- 
vix, 422; duodenal (intestin- 
al), 424; gastric, 422; laryn- 
geal, 423; intestinal (duoden- 
al), 424; acute nasal (coryza), 
424; chronic nasal, 425; of 
prostate gland, 426: of rec- 
tum, 42(5; Uterine (endome- 
tritis), 420; vaginal (leucor- 

rhea) ^427 

Catamenia— the monthly peri- 
ods 

Catheter — a rubber or metal 
tube to pass UltO the bladder 

and draw oil" urine 

Celery, 190; toast 210 

Cellar 17 

Cellulose— the woody fiber of 
plants; the walls of vegeta- 
ble cells 

Cellular— made of cells 

Centimeter, cubic, 30 equal 1.01 

ounces. Practically to reduce 

C. to ounces divide them by 30 

Cereals, 169; nutritive value of 156 

Cerebellum (the little, lower 

brain) 75 

Cerebrum (the upper part of 

the brain) 75 

Cerebro-spinal meningitis 428 

Cess pools, how to make . 10 

Chafing of young children 428 

Chamber-vessel closets 19 

Chalybeate— impregnated with 

salts of i ion ... . 

Chancre— a sore resulting from 

syphilitic poison 

Cheese 171 

Chemism— the force which 
holds molecules and atoms 
together, and cannot be over- 
come mechanically 

Cherries 179 

Chest (thorax) 60 

Chestnuts 192 

Chicken pox 428 

Chicken panada, 211; use and 



Page, 
proportion, 171; broth, 210; 
jelly, 210; milk No. 1, 210; 

milk No. 2, 211; salad 553 

Children's food (infant's food) 232 

Chilblains 429 

Chlorosis (green sickness) 429 

Chlorine— a heavy gas of a 
greenish color, having a dis- 
agreeable suffocating odor, 

and destructive of life 

Chloroform— an oily liquid, of 
an aromatic, ethereal odor, 

consisting of carbon, hydro- 
gen and chlorine. Valued 
chiefly as an anaesthetic 

Chocolate 172 

Cholesterin— a crystal lin body 
in the i»ii<" resembling sperm- 
aceti. Sometimes forms bil- 
iary Calculi in the gall blad- 
der 

Cholera. (Asiatic) 

Cholera and the drink habit, 38; 
infantum, i:;i : morbus . . . 

Chordee 432 

Chorea (St. Vitus Dance) .... 

Chyle (<l) 67 

Chyluria 433 

Chyme— the product of stom- 
ach digestion, before the ad- 
mixture of i he pancreat toand 

bile secret ions 

Christian science cure 266 

Circulation— the blood, 56; pul- 
monic, 59; systemic 59 

Cisterns, how to build 13 

Citric acid 160 

Clabbered milk 211 

Clams, 172; broth, 212; bouillon 266 
Climate cure, ."><■. ; of various 

places 314-316 

Climacteric disorders 433 

Closets— earth, 15; absorbents 

for 16 

Clothing— use of, 24; non-in- 
flammable, 25 

(loves 172 

Coagulnm — a clot of blood 

Cocoa 172 

Cocoanut 172 

Coccyx — the tip end of the 

spine 

Coccygeal— pertaining to the 

coccy x 

Coecyodynia (painful coccyx). 434 

Cod.. 176 

Cod liver oil 176, 212 

Codfish creamed 212 

Coffee, 173; adulterants, 173; 

cream, 212: syrup 213 

Collapse— (failure of strength; 
loss of vital power), 524; pul- 
monary (atelectasis) 405 

Colloids— forms of food that 
will not readily permeate 
through animal membrane, 



I5JDEX. 



561 



Page. 
e. g., gelatine, starch, albu- 
men, gum arabic, etc 

Colds 434 

Colic 434 

Colitis (dysentery), 456; chronic 
(chronic dysentery) 457 

Colon, 64; Hush described . 279 

Colostrum— the first milk se- 
creted after delivery 

Colliquative — melting; exces- 
sive discharge 

Coma (d) 435 

Comatose— resembling coma.. . 

Commissure — the place where 
two parts of a body unite in 
a seam — 

Compresses, 21, 328 ; ice-cold ,329 ; 
chest, 329; neck, 329; sweat- 
ing 329 

Concomitant — accompanying. . 

Condensed milk 256 

Condyloma 435 

Confluent — running into each 
other; united 

Congestion — overf ulness of the 
blood-vessels 435 

Congenital— an y peculiarity 
developed before birth 

Con j unctiva— t h e membrane 
which covers the eye and 
lines the eyelids 

Conjunctivitis 435 

Connective tissue, (cellular or 
areolar tissue) a meshy tissue 
consisting of yellow and 
white fibers with blood ves- 
sels and nerves and used to 
bind together other struct- 
ures 

Constructive energy — the 
building and re-building 
powers of the system 

Consumption, pulmonary (pul- 
monary tuberculosis, phthi- 
sis), 435; diet in 373 

Constipation, 284; remedy for, 
286; flush 297 

Contagion from wall papers, 
44; household pets, 44; kiss- 
ing the dead, 44; bowel dis- 
charges 44 

Convulsion — violent, involun- 
tary contraction of any mus- 
cles 

Cooling, how done, 10; method 
(antiphlogistic) 365 

Co-ordination — holding e qu a 1 
rank, or standing in the 
same relation to something 
higher or lower, or a state of 
harmony 

Corpuscles— atoms or minute 
bodies, as cells, red blood, 
from j^g lo y^ff of an inch in 
diameter; composed of oxv- 
hsenioglobin 86.8 to 94.3 parts 

36 



Page, 
in 1000 of organic matter, nor- 
mal quantity 130 parts in 1000 ; 
white, (leucocytes) ^sVs of an 
inch in diameter. Ratio to 
the red 1 to 400 after a meal 
to 1 to 1500 some hours later. . 
Corn, 169; coffee, 213; meal 

gruel. 213 

Cornea— the horny, transpar- 
ent coat of the eye ball 

Coryza (catarrh, acute nasal).. . 424 
Corrosive — su bstances which 

destroy the flesh 

Cosmetics and skin ointments, 41 
Cottage cheese No. 1 and No. 2, 213 

Cotton seed oil 174 

Cough, whooping (pertussis). . . 445 
Cow's milk, indigestibility 
overcome, 245; substitutes for 246 

Cracker gruel 213 

Cranberries 165 

Cramp 445 

Cream, 174; milk, 256; High- 
land Brand Evaporated, 256; 

sauce 553 

Crowd poison 2 

Cross eyes 445 

Croup 446 

Crystalloids— food substances 
which are diffusible through 
animal membrane, e. g., min- 
eral salts, cane-sugar, glu- 
cose, and peptones 

Cucumbers 199 

Currants 165 

Custard, 213; French, 213; and 

egg powder 174 

Cuticle — the scarf skin 

Cyanosis (blue disease) 446 

Cystitis, acute (inflammation 
of the bladder), 446; chronic, 

447 

Dandruff 448 

Dash, the 335 

Dates 179 

Date pudding 213 

Deafness 448 

Death-rate from poorly con- 
structed dwellings , 4 

Death-rate from poorly venti- 
lated dwellings, 4; corre- 
sponds with density of popu- 
lation 45 

Deaths, preventable 130 

De bauch 449 

Decoction — the liquor in 
which any medicinal sub- 
stance has been boiled 

Deglutition (swallowing), diffi- 
cult 449 

Degenerations.. 78 

Delirium tremens (acute alco- 
holism) 394 

Demulcent drink No. 1 214 

Demulcents— bland substances 
that soothe inflamed and ir- 



562 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



ritated parts 

Dengue 449 

Deusmore Preliminary treat- 
ment 304 

Deodorize — to neutralize foul 
effluvia by chemical agents. . 
Dermatalgia(neuralgiaof skin) 449 

Desserts, when to take 149 

Dextrin or dextrine — same 
composition as starch, but 
very fluid and soluble in 
cold water; formed by the 
action of heat, acids or dias- 
tase on starch 

Dextrose— grape-sugar, or clex- 

tro-glucose, the sugar of 

grapes, honey, etc., and 

found in the animal body — 

Diabetes Insipidus, 449; Melli- 

turia 450 

Diagnosis — determining the 
nature of a disease; some 

landmarks of 34G 

Diaphragm (one of the chief 
muscles by which we 
breathe) constituting the 

floor of the lungs 60 

Diaphoretic (sweating) method 362 

Diaphoresis— perspiration 

Diabetic food . . 256 

Dietetic cure 268 

D iaphoretics — medicines 
which cause perspiration — 
Diathesis — a state of the sys- 
tem peculiar to certain dis- 
eases 

Diarrhoea 451 

Diastase— a nitrogeneous fer- 
ment found in germinating 
grain and some animal fluids. 
Dietary (A prescribed regimen 
of food and drink), 92; basis 
for, 132; examples of, 142-145; 
how to make, 122; necessity 
for, 122; rules for home, 146; 
working table, 133-137; work- 
ing table, its availability ill- 
ustrated 138 

Diet, 93; a remedy for disease, 
351; adjusted to oxygen in- 
take, 104; anti-ferment, 299; 
anti-oxalic, steak 16 ozs, fish 
8 ozs, eggs 4 ozs, milk 16 ozs, 
gluten bread 2 ozs, sour ap- 
ples 12 ozs, butter 2 ozs ; anti- 
rheumatic (No. 61), 385; cor- 
rect, general principles of, 
146; changes of, 151; defec- 
tive, table of, 131; governed 
by circumstances, 118; ideal, 
145; not ideal, 145; National 
examples of, 144; of fruits 
and nuts, 159; of common 
people (Old World), 154; of 
the Minister's widow, 142; of 
the young student, 143; ta- 



Page- 
bles, 119; tables (Vaughan's), 
139-142; vegetable and meat, 

relative cost 155 

Diets, convalescent, 380; fluid, 
377; semi-fluid, 378; solid, 379; 
how to select, 203; fiber, 382; 
fat, 382 ; force-foods, 383 ; mix- 
ed 386- 

Digestants 372 

Digestant— ours, 372; No. 1, No. 

2 and No. 3.. 214 

Digestion — a chemico-vital pro- 
cess by which food is made 
semi-fluid, its inappropriate 
elements rejected and its 
appropriate elements chemi- 
cally changed and fitted for 

nutrition 

Digestion abnormal — failure of 
because of disease or defi- 
ciency of proper ferments, so 
that "the chemical process 
goes on more or less out of 

the control of vitality 

Digestion, 81; affected by food, 
112; chemistry of, 89; gastric, 
83; machinery of, 62; organs 
of, 84; pancreatic, 86; related 
to lung capacity, 110; sys- 
temic, 86; time required for 

different articles of food 152 

Digestive ferments and their 

action 85 

Dilated— expanded, made 

larger 

Dinner — poor, 124; rich 125 

Diphtheria, 453 ; false 455 

Dipsomania (alcoholism, 

chronic) 394 

Disease from wrong feeding. . . 129 
Diseases and their treatment, 

388 ; important notes 388 

Dislocation 455 

Disinfectants — (substances 
that destroy the virulence of 

infecting materials) . 45 

Disin tegrat ing— s epa rating 

into parts 

Distilled water — (good clean 
rain water can be used in- 
stead) 

Diuresis 455 

Diuretics— (remedies which in- 
crease the activity of the kid- 

nevs) 177 

Domestic Turkish bath 333 

Doses of remedies 546 

Drainage 311, 314 

Dress and breathing 110 

Dropsy — abdominal (ascites), 
405; cellular (anasarca), 455: 
of brain (hydrocephalus), 455; 
of chest (hydrothorax), 456; 
of scrotum (hydrocele), 456; 

post-scarlatinal 456 

Drowsiness 455 



INDEX. 



563 



Page. I 

Drunken stupor 455 j 

Drug-dosing, 41; discussed by 

physicians 42 l 

Dry sheet — wrap dry sheet 
around after a bath, and not 

dry by rubbing 

Duck— wild 175 

Dukehart's fluid extract of 

malt and hops 25G 

Dwellings— poorly constructed 4 

Dysentery 456 

Dysmenorrhea (painful men- 
struation) 457 

Dyspepsia, 458; apeptic, 459; 
atonic, 460; abiliary, 461; 
apancreatic, 461; boulimic, 
463; complete, 463; duodenal, 
462; gastric, 460; intestinal, 
4t<2; molecular, 463; nervous, 

463. superpepsia 461 

Dyspepsia crackers, 214; plain 260 
Dyspnoea— (difficult breathing) 463 

Earth-closet 15 

Earache 464 

Ear diseases, 464; deaf ness. 465; 
foreign substances in, 466; 

wax in 466 

Eating— right, 148; too much... 120 

Eclectic, the 264 

Eels 175 

Effete — worn out, not capable 

of further production 

Effluvia— a foul exhalation 
from animal or vegetable 

matter 

Effusion— the pouring out of 
the blood or other fluids into 

any portion of t he body 

Eggnog— No. 1, 214; No. 2 215 

Eggs —albumen in, 175; and 
milk, 214; and brandy, 553; 

boiled, 214; scrambled 215 

Egg— coffee, 214; how to test, 

175; lemonade, 214; toast 215 

Elderberry syrup 215 

Electrical* cure 278 

Elements in a human body 07 

Elevator dizziness 466 

Elimination 89 

Emaciation, (becoming lean by 
a gradual waste of flesh). .. 466 

Embolism 466 

Embryo— the earliest stage in 
which animal organization 
may be discerned; in the 
human being, limited to tne 
first two months of gestation 
Embryonic— belonging to the 

embryo 

Em unctories— applied to ves- 
sels or outlets of excretion. . . 
Emesis— 1 he act of vomiting. . . 

Emetic method 364 

Emmenagogue tonic— recipe... 306 
Empiricism — a practical famil- 
iarity with medicine and the 



Page, 
treatment of disease, without 
a thorough theoreti c a 1 
knowledge of the same, or 

excluding the theories 

Empyema (pleurisy, chronic). . 519 

Emphysema 467 

Emulsify— to soften a fat or 
resin into a solution holding 
it suspended in minute 

globules 

Emulsionizing or emulsifying 
—the sub-division of oil glob- 
ules until they become 
milky instead of oily in ap- 
pearance. Usually effect ed 
by the action of some alkali 
Encephalitis— {inflammation of 

brain) 410 

Endometritis — < catarrh, uter- 
ine) 426. 

Endocarditis— acute 467 

Enema — retained, 290; re- 
tained nutritive, 291 ; siphon, 
(fl) 476; elm- bark, (in dysen- 
tery treatment) 4">t3 

Energy — conservation of, the 
law of t lie perpetuity of the 
sum total of all potential and 
all kinetic energy ; expended, 
94; evolved, 235;* units of, see 
calories; kinetic, work being 
done; potential, work possi- 
ble to be done 

Enlarged veins (pregnancy) 522 

Enteritis— (inflammation of the 

large intestines), 468; liuico, 

468; peritoneal and muscular 

coat inflamed, 468; chronic... 468 

Enteralgia (neuralgia of the 

intestines) 468 

Enteric fever 479 

Entozoa (worms) 543 

Epilepsy (falling sickness) 469 

Epistaxis (bleeding from the 

nose) 469 

Epidemics — diseases, the 
poison of which is diffused 

through the atmosphere 

Epithelial — relating to the 

epithelium 

Epithelium— -the thin cuticle 
thai covers the lips, nipples, 
etc., thai arc destitute of the 

ordinary skin 

Epigastrium— the upper region 
of the abdomen, below the 
sternum, and between the 

costal cart ilages 

Epidermis— the cuticle or scarf 

skin of the bod y 

Epizooty (farcy and glanders) . 473 
Equivalent — the amount by 
weight of any element that 
can replace one part of hy- 
drogen by weight in a com- 
pound 



564 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page. 
Eradicate— to thoroughly de- 
stroy 

Erysipelas 470 

Evacuate— to make empty; to 

discharge 

Excoriate — to wear off the skin 

and make raw 

Ex cement (rf), 347; method .... 360 
Excreted — any matter thrown 
out of the living body as use- 
less 

Excretion — the throwing off of 
useless matter from the body 
Excretions, 69; bowel, 71; kid- 
ney, 71; lung, 70; poisonous, 

90; skin, 69; table of 90 

Exercise, 29; bicycle, 36; how 
to take, 29; special, 30-35: 

special, when to use 35 

Exhaustion — temporary pros- 
tration of vigor 472 

Expectorants— medicines that 
increase the secretions of the 

respiratory membranes 

Extra-uterine gestation; preg- 
nancy outside the womb 

Extra 3tives— about 1% of nitro- 
genous substances extracted 
from animal tissue They 
constitute the substance of 
most beef teas and beef ex- 
tracts, but are stimulants 

only 

Extravasation— forcing or let- 
ting out of the proper vessels 
Exudation— sweating or soak- 
ing out of a liquid through 
the membrane that contains 

it 

Eyes— diseases of, 470; ectro- 
*pion and entropion, 471; 
granular lids, 470; inflamma- 
tion of cornea, 471; ophthal- 
mia, 471; infantile, 472; gon- 
orrheal, 472; granular, 472; 
purulent, 472 ; rheumatic, 472 ; 

tubercular 472 

Fa?ces, impacted 473 

Painting 473 

Faith cure 264 

Falling sickness (epilepsy) 469 

Fallopian tubes— the tubes be- 
tween the womb and ovaries 

Farcy and glanders. 473 

Farina, 177; gruel 215 

Faradization — the interrupted 
current of the electric bat- 
tery ; general, positive at feet, 
negative over whole surface 

Fasting cure 267 

Fat— an oily, solid substance, 
the chief part of the adipose 
tissue; fat nitrogenized and 
phosphorized — protogon, lec- 
ithin, cerebrin, etc.; sup- 
posed to be the physical ba- 



Page. 

sis of mentality 

Fat diet . 373 

Fatty degenerations— a condi- 
tion in which the place of the 
muscular fibers is usurped by 

fat 

Febrile — pertaining to fever. . 

Fecundated— made fertile 

Feet — blistered, 473; frosted, 
474; perspiring, 474; malodor- 
ous, 474; nails ingrowing, 475; 

tender 475 

Felons 475 

Ferments, digestive or organ- 
ized — substances which have 
the power, when mixed with 
food, to break up its chemi- 
cal combinations, out of 
which other combinations 
are formed, without being 
permanently changed them- 
selves; unorganized —the 
lowest order of microscopic- 
al fungi 

Fetid— having a strong, offen- 
sive smell 

Fever sore (ulcer, old) 538 

Fever, 476 ; bilious, 477 ; catarrh- 
al, 477; cerebro-spinal menin- 
gitis, 477; constipation, 477; 
dengue, 449; exhaustion, 477; 
enteric (typhoid), 479; ephem- 
eral, 477; fatigue, 477; gastric, 
478; hay (acute nasal catarrh), 
424; intermittent (ague), 392; 
malarial (ague), 392; measle 
(measles), 509; phthisical, 478; 
puerperal (childbed fever, 
parturition), 518; pernicious 
(ague), 392; remittent, 478; re- 
lapsing, 478; scarlet (scarlet 
fever), 529; smallpox, 478 ; sur- 
gical,479 ; typhoid, 479 ; t yphus, 
480; yellow, 545; treatment 
for cold stage, 393; hot stage, 

393; sweating staae 393 

Fibrin— the proteids of food or- 
ganized into flesh 

Fibri Hated— having a fibrous 

structure 

Figs 180 

Fig pudding, 215; water 215 

Filberts 192 

Filters 12 

Fish,175,215; boiled,215; broiled, 
216; creamed, 216; when in 

season 216 

Fissure (a crack), 480; ani, 480; 

lachrvmal 480 

Fistula*. 481 

Fits (epilepsy) 469 

Flaccid— soft, weak and flabby 

Flatulence (dyspepsia) 458 

Flatulent— the production of 
an undue amount of gas in 
the stomach or bowels 



INDEX. 



565 



Pago. 

Flaxseed lemonade 216 

Flour. 177; graham. 177 

Flour-ball 216 

Flooding (hemorrhage). 490 

Flushes, heat 489 

Flushes— classified, 288; csecal, 
289; colon. 279 ; effects of, 291 ; 
Nos. 1 to 49, 294-299; No. 50 (in 
dysentery treatment), 456; po- 
sitions for, 289 ; rectal , 288 ; sig- 
moid, 289; various tempera- 
tures, 293; when needed 293 

Fluorine — an element in the 
form of a yellowish, brown 
gas, with the odor of chlorine 
and burnt sugar; one of the 
acidifying and basifying 
principles of organization. 
The only element that forms 
no compound with oxygen. . . 

Fceces — excrement 

Foetus — the child in the womb 
Foetal— belonging to the foetus 
Follicle — a tube-shaped gland 

or cavity 

Fomentation — the application 
of cloths which have been 
dipped in hot water, or water 

containing medicine 

Fomentations, 329; dry 330 

Fontanelles— sof t places on the 

top of infants' heads 

Foods, 92, 98 ; average composi- 
tion of, 98, 99; adulteration of, 
159; American waste of, 120; 
classified, 98, 100; cost of, 125; 
comparative expensiveness, 
126-128 ; description of, 101-104 ; 
elements required for adult, 
119; extractive, 117; for the 
sick, how to serve, 341 ; in- 
fants', 232; needed to sustain 
waste, 98; our nomenclature 
of, 100; prepared, 251; semi- 
liquid, 153; special, 204; sub- 
sidiary or incidental, 112; 
starchy— those that contain 
over 15 per cent, of starch; 
sweet — those that contain 

over 12 per cent, of sugar 

Force diet 373 

Foot pound— the work done in 
raising a pound weight 

through one foot 

Fruit, 177; canning, 182; crack- 
ers, 256; curt*, 27'>; and bread 
cure, 271; how to serve, 217; 
minute padding. 217 ; oatmeal 
soup, 217: pudding,217; pastes 
stewed, 218; sulphuring 
and bleaching of, 17s ; tem- 
perance beverage, 218; tapi- 
oca 218 

Fundus— the large part of the 

womb 

Fungus — plains ot the mush- 



Page. 

room tribe 

Furuncles (boils) 409 

Gall-bladder 67 

Galvanism, central, the gal 
vanic current applied 
through the great nerve cen- 
ters down to the feet; gener- 
al, the galvanic current ap- 
plied generally to the surface 

Gallstones (calculi biliary) 416 

Game 183 

Gangrene 481 

Gangrenous — mortifying, de- 
caying 

Ganglionic— knotted, enlarged 

Gastralgia 481 

Gastric— belonging to the stom- 
ach ; ulcer 482 

Gastritis 482 

Gelatine (all makes) 257 

Gelatinoids — nitrogenous mat- 
ters which are changed to 
gelatine (glue) upon heating 
with water. The body is 6% 
gelatinoids, i. e., resembling 

gelatine 

Generation 79 

German measles, (measles) 509 

Germination — growing of a 

seed 

Gestation — pregnancy 

Ginger 184 

Giving medicine 341 

Glanders (farcy and glanders) 473 

Glaucoma 482 

Gleet (urethra, stricture of) — 539 

Glottis, spasm of 483 

Glucose— see grape sugar 

Gluten— the proteids of wheat 
flour chemically identical 
with fibrin, remaining as a 
tough mass after washing 
the flour in water; bread, 
218; cake, 218; gems, 218; wa- 
fers 256 

Glycosuria (diabetes M.) 450 

Glycocin — a crystalline sweet- 
ish compound found in bile, 
called also, glycocoll, glycin, 

glycoine, etc. 

Glycogen— a white, mealy 
compound found in animal 
tissues and called animal 
starch; the form in which 
excess of carbohydrates is 
stored up for future use 

when food is deficient 

Gofio 256 

Goitre (bronchocele) 410 

Gooseberries 165, 180 

Goose 184 

Gout 483 

Graham crackers No. 1 and No. 
2, 257; crackers plain, 260; 

grits, 257: gems 

Gram— one equals 15.432 grains. 



566 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page. 
Practically to reduce grams 
to grains multiply them by 
15y 2 . There are 28.35 to the oz 
Grape sug;ar— the sugar of 
grapes, fruits and honey ; 
cure, 270; juice No. 1, 218: 

juice No. 2 .' 219 

Grapes 180 

Granula 257 

Granular eyelids (eyes) 470 

Gravel (calculi, renal) see kid- 
neys 417 

Grave's disease 483 

Green sickness (chlorosis) 429 

Growth 54 

Gruels, 219 ; fortified 219 

Gums, 184; bleeding 484 

Gum arable 219 

Gum-boil 484 

Gypsum— sulphate of calcium. 
Habit, drink, 37; opium and 

chloral, 39; tobacco 39 

Haddock 176 

Haematine (hematine) — the col- 
oring matter of the blood de- 
composed by acids into a 

brown pigment 

Haemoglobin— the red coloring 
matter of the blood ; con- 
tains 0.049 to 0.051 % of iron 
and has at least 700 atoms of 
carbon in its molecule. An 

albuminoid 

Hsematidrosis 484 

Hematuria 484 

Ha3niatemesis 484 

Haemoptysis 484 

Hair, diseases of (baldness), 484 ; 
d a n d r u ff, 485 ; premature 

graying 485 

Hallucinations 485 

Hall treatment, see Errata, last 

page of book 278, 287 

Halibut 176 

Ham 184 

Hands, sweating of, 485; chap- 
ped 485 

Hangnail 485 

Hardening method 367 

Hares 184 

Hav fever , 485 

Hazel-nuts 192 

Head 50 

Headache, 486; acid, 487; anae- 
mic, 486; bilious, 486; crown, 
487; Foul air, 487; hyperaemic, 
486; malarial, 486; miscellan- 
eous, 487; nervous, 486; sick, 

486; sun, 487 ; uterine 487 

Health, 1; affected by wall pa- 
per, 44; affected by carpets, 
19; its triple counterpoise — 111 
Heart, 57 ; atrophy of, 406 ; burn, 
489; daily work of, 94; dis- 
eases of, 487; enlargement of, 
487; failure, 488; neuralgia of 



Page, 
(angina pectoris), 399 ; palpita- 
tion of, 488; pang (angina pec- 
toris), 399; valvular disease 

of 48$ 

Heat, body, the heat generated 
by the chemical transforma- 
tions which food undergoes 
in digestion, assimilation, 
elimination and excretion; 
produced by the living ma- 
chine, 96; produced by oxy- 
gen, 111; flushes, 489; rash, 
489; stroke, 489; equivalent, 
772 foot pounds, or the energy 
that will lift 772 pounds one 
foot transformed into heat 
will raise one pound of wa- 
ter 1° F. ; units of, the quan- 
tity of heat required to raise 
one pound of water at 29.1° F. 

1°F 

Heat equivalence— the amount 
of mechanical energy that 
will produce 1 heat unit— 772 

foot pounds 

Heat unit, (see calorie) 

Hemiplegia (d) 490; anaemic, 

490; congestive 4iK> 

Hemorrhage, (d) 490; from rec- 
tum, 490; uterine, 490; uterine 

in change of life 491 

Hemorrhoids (piles) 491 

Hepatic— belonging to the liver 

Hernia (rupture) 491 

Herring 185 

Hiccough 492 

Hickory nuts 192 

Honrsehess (aphonia) 402 

lloif's malt extract 257 

Homesickness 492 

Home Turkish bath 333 

Homeopath 264 

Honey, 185; tea 219 

Horlick's malted milk 257 

Horseradish 186 

House building, 17; warming.. 1& 

Hydrocephalus, 492; spurious.. 492 

Hydrochloric acid — commonly 

called muriatic acid, and 

composed of equal volumes 

of hydrogen and chlorine 

united by chemism 

Hydrophobia 492 

Hydrothorax 493 

Hydro-carbons— any com- 
pound consisting of hydro- 
gen and carbon alone 

Hydroleine 257 

Hygiene 1 

Hygienic — belonging to health, 
both of the individual and of 

communities; cure 267 

Hypodermic— under the skin .. 
H V p e r se in i a (congestion of 

brain) 411 

Hyperaesthesia ..,,,.,,, 493 



1XDEX. 



567 



Page. 

Hypermetropia 493 

Hypertrophy, 493: of heart, 
493; of liver, 493; of muscles . 493 

Hysteria 494 

Hysterical fit 494 

Huckleberries 165 

Humidity 9, 308, 312 

lee-cream 186 

Ichorrhaemia 494 

Idiosyncrasy — a peculiarity of 

constitution or temperament 

Ileo-csecal— pertaining to tbe 

ileum and csecum 

Ileum— the p;irt of the small 
intestine between the jeju- 
num and the colon 

Impact ^packed together) 320 

Imperial granum 257 

Impinging— striking against. . . 
Imperforate— having no open- 
ing 

Inanition —being empty for 
want of food; usually means 
exhaustion from partial star- 
vat ion 494 

Incontinence of urine 494 

Indigestion 495 

Infants' foods, 232; compared, 
237; human milk correct 
standard, 233 ; marketable 
ideal, 244: our own formula?, 
246; prepared, table of. 253; 
physiology vs. chemistry, 243; 
quantity required, 234: re- 
cipes for, 247-249; substitutes, 
234; table of, 238-239; conclu- 
sions from table, 240; which 

to employ 242 

Infuse — to make tea by steep- 
ing in hot water 

Infectious— a disease which is 
communicated from one per- 
son to anotiier 

Infection— the virus of an in- 
fectious disease 44 

Inflammation, 495; of bone, 495; 
of bone covering, 496; of 
brain, 410; of brain, chronic, 
496; of bowels (enteritis) 468; 
of bladder (cystitis), 446; of 
breast, 412; of cellular tissue, 
496; of cornea. 471 ; of eye, see 
eye, diseases of, 47<»: of heart 
(carditis), 419; of kidneys, 4!»7; 
of liver, 498; of lungs, 498; of 
middle ear, 4'.»7 : of mucous 
membrane of larynx, 497; of 
mouth, 499; of nails, 499; of 
nose (catarrh, acute), 424; of 
pituitary mucous membrane, 
499; of parotid island 
(mumps), 499: of pleura, 500; 
of peritoneum. 500; of red uni, 
600; of retina. 500; of Stomacii 
(gastritis , 482; »l spinal cord, 
500; of tonsils, 501 ;*of tongue, 



Page. 

501 ; of veins 501 

Influenza 502 

Inhalation cure 300 

Inhibition— act of prohibiting 

Injections, 336 

Innervation —invigorating 

with nervous energy 350 

Insanity (d) 502 

Insomnia, (sleeplessness) 503 

Intestinal juice or fluid, the 
fluid secreted by the intes- 
tinal glands 

Intestinal obstruction 503 

Intestine— large. 64; small. ..63-281 
Intercostal— lying between tl e 

ribs 

Intussusception— the falling or 
sliding of one portion of an 

intestine into another 515 

Inunction— the act of anointing 

Invertin — a chemical ferment, 

produced by some yeast 

plants, which changes cane 

sugar into invert sugar 

Invert sugar, equal parts of 
dextrose and levulose, the 
chief constituent of honey. . . 

jaundice 504 

Jejunum 64 

Jelly 219 

Jelly water 219 

Joints 53 

Jug inhalations (d) 413 

Kefir 219, 257 

Kidney diseases 504 

K o u m y s s, 258 ; cream, 258 ; 

homemade 219 

Koumysgen 259 

Kneipp cure 305 

Knee-chest position— the body 
resting on the left side with 
the knees drawn up to the 

chest 

Labium— the folds of integu- 
ment at the opening of the 

vulva 

Lacteals — lymphatic vessels 
that convey chyle from the 
small intestines through the 
mesentery to the thoracic 

duct 65,67 

Lactates— salts of lactic acid 

Lactation deficient 505 

Lactic acid — the acid of sour 
milk. Formed also by the 
fermentation of somevege- 
table juices, and the put re- 
faction of some animal mat- 
ters 

Lac i at ed food 259 

Lacto -preparata, 259; cereal 

food 259 

Lactation— wet nursing 

Lacerated— a torn or mangled 

n>ni or wound 

Larynx 60 



568 



THE SECEET OF HEALTH. 



Page. ] 
Laryngitis (inflammation of 

larynx) 497 

Laryngismus stridulus 505 

Lard 186 

Lardaceous — resembling lard. . 
Laxative— a gentle cathartic.. . 

Laxatives 177 

Lead 12 

Leanness— being without fat- 
ness or plumpness 505 

Lecithin— a nitrogenous phos- 
phori zed fatty substance, 
especially abundant in brain 

and nerve tissue 

Leeks 187, 199 

Leguminous— p er t a i n i n g to 
two valve, pod-bearing 
plants, as peas, beans etc.; 

seeds 199 

Lemons 180 

Lemonade — barley, 220; cream, 
220; egg, 220; elm, 220; flax- 
seed, 220; gum, 220; hot 220 

Lesion— any morbid change in 
the texture or 1 unctions of 

organs 

Lettuce 199 

Leucorrhea (1 he whites) 

catarrh, vaginal 427 

Leucomaines— a 1 k a 1 o i d s ap- 
pearing during life, in dis- 
tinction from ptomaines or 
alkaloids appearing a f t e r 
death. They result from tis- 
sue-metabolism, and may be 
physiological or pal liological 

Leucocytes (d) 391 

Leucocythemia (rf) 391 

Levulose — fruit sugar 

Liebi g's food 258 

Ligature — a string with which 
to tie anything; tightly 

banded 

Lightning stroke 505 

Limes 180 

Lime water 221 

Limed milk 220 

Linseed tea 221 

Liquid diets 373 

Liver, C6; cancer of, 505; con- 
gestion of, 506; enlargement 
of, 506; fatty, 506; gall stones, 
(calculi, biliary), 416; waxy, 

. 506 

Lobelia suppositories, how to 

make 458 

Lobster 187 

Lochia — the discharges after 

childbirth 

Lockjaw 506 

Locomotor ataxia 506 

Locucin — a white crystalline 
substance in composition and 
properties much like sugar 

of gelatine 

Lumbago 507 



Page, 
Lungs, 60 ; atrophy of, 406 ; 
bleeding from (haemoptysis), 
484; capacity and digestion, 
110; cancerof, 507; congestion 
of, 507; dropsy of (hydro- 
thorax) 493; infiarumation of, 

498 ; gangrene of. 481 

Luncheon 150 

Lymph — a fibrinous lluid 
exuded from the blood ves- 
sels in inflammation 67 

Lymphatics— glands or vessels 
containing or conveying 

lymph 67 

Machine— our living, 49, 53, 93; 
onr living, work done by, 94- 

97 ; repair shop wit h in 100 

Macaroni 187 

Mackerel 176 

Macerate — to steep in water 

until soft 

Magnet ic cure 277 

Malt, 187; and milk, 221; infu- 
sion 188 

Maltine 259 

Mal-gcncration — (gen eration 
aside from, or below the nor- 
mal type) 79 

Mal-assimilat ion— i in pe rf e c t 
appropriation by the tissues 
of the nutritive materials 
brought to them by the blood 

507 

Malaria (ague) 392 

M ilformation — wrong co n- 
] urination or structure de- 
formity 

Malates— salts of malic acid 

and a base 

Malic acid— an acid found in 
the juice of rhubarb stalks, 
unripe apples, gooseberries, 

etc 

Malignant — a disease of a very 
serious character, threaten- 
ing the life of the patient — 
Maltose — a crystalline sugar 
formed from "starch by the 
action of diastase; resembles 

dextrose 

Malic acid 160 

Mammary un development 507 

Mania-a-potu (alcoholism) 394r 

Manganese — an e 1 e m e n t a r y 
substance of steel-gray color 

when crystallized 

Marasmus 509 

Mastodynia (neuralgia of 

breast) 512 

Masturbat ion— a r t i fi c i a 1 ex- 
citement of the sexual organs 50S 

Mastication 116 

Massage treatment 275 

Maternal — belonging to 

motherhood 

Maturation— the formation of 



IXDEX. 



569 



Page, 
pus or matter in any part of 

the body 

Mat zoon 259 

Measles 509 

Meal— broiled and chopped, 
221; infusion, 188, 221; powder, 

188; use of 154 

Medicines, doses of 546 

Medication, 344; the value of.. 344 

Medium oatmeal crackers 259 

Medulla— short for medulla ob- 
longata 

Medulla oblongata 75 

Melliifs food 259 

Melons 188 

Melancholy (insanity) 502 

Menopause ^the change of life) 509 
Meningitis (inflammation of 
brain), 410; spinal (inflamma- 
tion of spine) 500 

Menstruation, painful (dys- 

menorrh ea) 457 

Menstrual — belonging to the 

monthly periods 

Mesentery — a thick sheet of 
membrane attached to the 
spine and holding the bowels 
in place; has many glands 
between its layers called 

mesenteric glands 

Methoinania (alcoholism, 

chronic) 394 

Metamorphosis of tissue — the 
process of metabolism in both 
forms, anabolic and cata- 

bolic 62, 100 

Metabolism — the process by 
which living cells transform 
the nutritive elements of food 
into themselves; also by 
which they change their own 
protoplasm into secretions 
for special functions or ex- 
cretions to be expelled. The 
first process is called anabo- 
lism; the second is called 

catabolisin 

Metamorphosis— c hanges of 

form 

Metastasis— transfer of a dis- 
ease lo another organ 

Micrococci — bacteria in the 
form of dumb-bells, or globu- 
lar or oval cells without the 

power of motion 

Milk-leg (parturition, diseases 

of) 523 

Milk, 189,221; adulterants, 190; 
clabbered, 211; diet, 221 ; for 
infant feeding, 190; gruel, 
peptonized, :^2 ; peptoniza- 
tion of, 250; peptonized, 222; 
punch, 222; sterilized, 190; 
substitutes Nos. i. 2 and :;. 
222: sterilization of, 249; 
thickened 223 



Page. 

Mind cure 265 

Miscarriage (abortion) 389 

Mixed diet 373 

Moisture 317 

Molecules — the smallest parti- 
cles of matter that can exist 

in a free state 

Monomania (insanity) 502 

Morphiomania — a d*i s e a s e d 
craving tor morphine caused 

by its use 

Mosqu era's beef cacao, 191; 

jelly, 260; meal 260 

Moot h, 02; diseases of, 510; aph- 
thae (apt he), 403; gangrene, 
481; salivation of pregnancy 
(pregnancy), 523; salivation, 
mercurial, 510; thrush, 510; 

ulcer 510 

Movement cure 275 

Mucous— a fluid secreted or 
poured out by the mucous 
membrane, serving to pro- 
tect it 

Mucous membrane — the mem- 
brane lining some of the eav- 
ites of the body, as the mouth, 

throat, bowels 

Muco-purulent — r esembling 

both mucous and pus 

Mumps (inflammation of parot- 
ids) 499 

Murdock's liquid beef 260 

Muscles, 52-53; atrophy of, 406; 

beater, how to make 517 

Mushrooms 191 

Mustard, 191; dressing 223 

Mutton, 191 ; broth, Nos. 1 and 2 223 
Myelitis (inflammation of 

spine) 500 

Myosin— the clot formed by the 
coagulation of the muscle- 
plasma in death 

Myosis — unusual contraction of 

the pupil of t he eye 

Myopia (nearsightedness) 511 

Narcotics — medicines w hich 
relieve pain and produce 

sleep 

Xa^cent — elements just freed 
from chemical combination; 
then their chemical affinity 

is most active 

Nat ural cure 272 

Nectarines 180 

Nephritis (inflammation of kid- 
neys) 497 

Nerves 71-73 

Nervousness 511 

Nestle's food 260 

Neurosis 511 

Neurasi henia 511 

Neuralgia, 512; of anus, 512; of 
breast, 512; cervico tracheal, 
512; cervico occipital, 512 ; of 
coccyx, 512 ; crural, 512 ; of ear, 



570 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page. 
512 ; facial, 512 ; of heart (angi- 
na pectoris), 399 ; hemicranial, 
513; hysterical, 513; intercos- 
tal, 513; of kidneys, 513; rheu- 
matic and gouty, 513; sciat- 
ica, 513; stomach (gastralgia) 481 

}few method cure 299 

Night sweats 513 

Nightshirt wrap 327 

Nipples, excoriated, 513; fis- 
sured 513 

Nitric acid— a combination of 
N O s with hydrogen, making 
H N G 3 . One of the stronger 

caustic acids, 

Nitrogen — an element of the 
atmosphere, and constitut- 
ing a large portion of all or- 
ganic bodies 

Noises in head 513 

Nomadic— wandering 

Normal—natural, healthy 

Nose, 59; bleed (epistaxis), 469, 

513; red 513 

Nostalgia (homesickness) 492 

Nuclein — kernel or central 

point 

Nurse, the 338 

Nutrition (the vital process by 
which the chemical constitu- 
ents of food are transformed 
into living tissue), 89, 155; 
units of, 96; standards of 

119,120,371 

Nutritive ratio— one part by 
weight of fats equals 2\ or 

carbo-hydrates 

Nutritive enema and embro- 
cation No. 1, 223; Nos. 2 and 3, 

224 ; method 354 

Nuts 191 

Nut and fruit pudding 223 

Oatmeal, 170; and fruit, 224 ; bis- 
cuit, 260; gruel, 224; mush, 224; 
porridge, 224; pudding, 224; 

tea, 224 ; water 225 

Oats 170 

Obesity 513 

Obstruction of bowels (intus- 
susception) 515 

Obstetrics (midwifery) 

Obstetrical— belonging to ob- 
stetrics 

Occipital— related to the back 

part of the head 

Oidium albicans — a disease 
germ found on the mucous 
membrane of the mouth, 

tongue, tonsils 

Olives 192 

Olive oil 192 

Olein— the pure oils, as olive 

oil, oleate of glyceryl 

Omentum— the folds of the per- 
itoneum that cover the bow- 
els 



Page. 

Onions 192, 200 

One meal cure 268 

Opacity— want of transparency 

Oranges 181 

Orange cream, 225; sherbet 225 

Organic— animal or vegetable 
existence dependent upon or- 
ganization 

Organization— an arrangement 
of parts for the performance 
of the functions necessary to 

life 

Organic disease— disease of the 
structure of an organ in dis- 
tinction from its functions... 
Organism— a living body com- 
posed of different organs with 
separate functions, but mutu- 
ally dependent and essential, 
to the life of the individual. . 

Os — opening 

Osseous— relating to bone 

Ossification— turning into bone 

Our coffee No. 1 and No. 2 225 

Our flush, 287; essentials of, 

288; modifications of 288 

Our colon flush, 279; digestant 372 
Our Doctor's water cure, 316; 
milk punch, 222; toast, 210; 

tea 230 

Overwork 516 

Oxaluria 516 

Ozoena 516 

Oxidation, 61; deficient , 108, 109, 111 
Oxygen, 90, 104-107, 109-111, 307; 
required daily, 94; required 
by infants, 235; treatment.. .. 274 
Oxygenating capacity— see air, 

and respiration 109, 386 

Ox y haemoglobin— a loose com- 
pound of haemoglobin with 
oxygen 1 gram to 1.59 c. cen- 
timeters. The red blood cor- 
puscles contain in 1000 parts 
86.8 to 94.3 parts of oxy haemo- 
globin ; the oxygen carrier of 

the body 

Oxygen units, the number of 
molecules with which it al- 
ways combines with other 

substances 15, 96 

Oxygenate or oxidate, to com- 
bine a substance with oxygen 
Oxidized, the condition of a 

substance after oxidation 

Oysters, 193; broiled, 226; 

creamed, 226 ; roasted 226 

Oyster broth No. 1 and No. 2, 

225; stew 226 

Ozone (a form of molecular ex- 
istence of oxygen by which 
one molecule contains three 
atoms of oxygen, by the 
agency of electricity ; weight 

47.88) 311, 314 

Pabulum— food in the widest 



IXDKX. 



571 



Page. 
sense ; sustenance •. . 

Packs, 326 ; part 327 

Pain, 516: urethral :>17 

Palate, elongation 517 

Palpitation (heart) 488 

Palmetic or oleic acid — the 

acid of fluid oils 

Pancreatic digest ion 80 

Pancreatinize — the change ef- 
fected in food by the action 

upon it of pancreatin 

Papayotin — the watery part of 
the' milk of the papaw tree 
contains 10. <* % or more of ni- 
trogen called p. or papain; 

used as a digest ant 

Papoid— a form of papayotin.. 

Paralysis 517 

Parasite— animals living upon 

other animals 

Paresis. 517; atonic— lack of 

power without paralysis 

Parotid s — glands secreting 

saliva 

Parotitis (inllammation paro- 
tid gland) 400 

Parturition, diseases of, 518; 
child-bed fever. .318; colic, 
.">18: convulsions, puerperal, 

518; Hooding 518 

Paroxysm — a periodical fit of a 

disease 

Particular methods and spec- 
ial diets, 353; diets, 308; diets, 

standard of construction 300 

Paretic dysuria — impeded and 

painful urination 

Pastry 149 

Patient, the 342 

Pathological— relating to dis- 
eases; their nature and re- 
sult 

a 181 

103, 100 

Peaches 181 

Peach bread pudding, 220; 
foam, 220; paste, 227; pie. . . 227 

PectiC acid 100 

Pelvis— the cavity containing 

the womb * 

Pelvic— belonging to the pelvis 

Pepsin. 83 

Pepper, 193; adulterants. 193; 

red (cayenne) 194 

Peptone-— 1 i The end product 
into which the albumens of 
the food are converted by, 
the digestive process— albu- 
minose. 2 Dextrose, grape 
sugar. (3 Diastase, allied to 
gluten— made by macerating 
sprouting m.iit 24 hours al 
inn F. in double it- weight of 
water, filtering, replacing 
the filtrate with alcohol, fil- 
tering the deposit and dry- 



Page. 
ing. Called also maltine and 

vegetable ptyaline 

Pepiogens— soluble substances 
which excite the formation 
and excretion of pepsin. 
Among the best are dextrine, 
soup, green pea soup, bread, 

gelatine and peptones 

Peptonization (<!) 250 

Percolating— filtering 

Pericranium— t h e membrane 

covering the skull 

Pericarditis 489 

Peritonei! m — the membrane 
lining the abdomen and cov- 
ering the bowels 

Peritonitis (inflammation of 

peritoneum) 500 

Perityphlitis (appendicitis) 402 

Persimmon 181 

Peristaltic— undulatory, wave- 
like motions 

Perspiration, offensive . 518 

Pertussis (whooping cough) 543 

Pessaries — instruments to sup- 
port the womb 

Petit mal 518 

Peyer's patches (d) 281 

Pharyngitis 519 

Phthisis (consumption), 435; fe- 
ver of 519 

Ph os phorus — an elementary 
substance obtained from 
bones, very inflammable, 
poisonous, and must be pre- 
served beneath water and 

handled caref uliv 

Pickles *. 104 

Pie crust, hygienic, No. 1 and 

No. 2 

Piles (hemorrhoids ) 401 

Pin-worms (oxyuris vermicu- 

laris) 543 

Pineapples 181 

Pipette— a small open glass 
cylinder with a syringe noz- 
zle at one end and a rubber 
bulb at the other; used for 

dropping fluids 

Placenta— a roundish tlat sub- 
stance that forms in the ute- 
rus in conjunction with the 
foetus, and to which the um- 
bilical cord is attached, con- 
stituting the medium of com- 
munication between mother 

and child 

Plain graham or dyspepsia 
crackers, 5260: oatmeal crack- 



260 



Plasma— the liquid in which 
the blood corpuscles float, 

the liquor sanguinis 

Plethora (fulness of blood) 519 

Pleurodynia (neuralgia) 512 

Pleurisy . , . , 519 



572 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page, 
Plexus— network of nerves, or 

blood-vessels 

Plums 181 

Plunge, the 336 

Pneumonia (inflammation of 

lungs) 498 

Point, the fundamental ........ 107 

Pointing (rf) 390 

Poisons— agents that pathologi- 
cally extinguish vitality; 
corrosive, agents that trans- 
fer the tissues from the con- 
trol of the vital to that of 
the chemical force; narcotic, 
agents that destroy sensibil- 
ity and nerve-vitality 

Poles, the balanced 107 

Poluboskos, a gluten food 261 

Polypus, nasal (a soft tumor) . . 521 

Polypoid— like a polypus 

Polyuria— an excessive flow of 
urine from some irritation of 
the back part of the brain . . . 

Pomarius 227 

Pomegranates 177 

Pons-varolii 75 

Post-partem— after child-birth 

Post-mortem — after death 

Portal— belonging to the circu- 
lation entering the liver 

Pork 150, 194 

Potatoes, 194; creamed 227 

Pour, the 335 

Pregnancy, diet of, 521; dis- 
eases of, 521; albuminuria, 
521; appetite morbid, 521; 
burning feet, 521; constipa- 
tion, 521; cramps, 521; diar- 
rhea (treat as diarrhea), 451; 
enlarged veins, 522; fainting, 
522; heartburn, 522; head- 
ache, 522; insomnia, 522; itch- 
ing, 522; longings or craving, 
523; milk leg, 523; miscar- 
riage, loss of the foetus be- 
tween the sixth and ninth 
months, 389; morning sick- 
ness, 523; nervous congh, 523; 
neuralgia, 523; palpitation of 
heart, 523; pigmentation, 523; 
piles, 523; rigid abdomen, 523; 
salivation, 523; signs of, 521; 
swollen limbs, 524; urine, in- 
ability to retain, 524; urine, 
inability to void, 524; vomit- 
ing, 524; vomiting of blood, 

524; when it will end 521 

Prescription, landmarks for . .. 349 

Privy should be abolished It? 

Prolapsus — falling; ani, (rf)524; 

uteri (d) 524 

Propeptones — a compound oc- 
curring in the course of the 
conversion of proteids into 

peptones 

Prostration, excessive (col- 



Pai?e 
lapse) 524r 

Proteids— albuminoids,muscle- 
formers 

Protein— the sum total of all 
the constituents of a food 
containing nitrogen; used 
chiefly as the first word in 
compounds, e. g. protein-bod- 
ies; diet 37& 

Protoplasmic — pertaining to 
first growth or formation 

Protoplasm— the colorless cell- 
nucleus which shapes itself 
into the formed material of 
tissues 

Prognosis— the opinion formed 
concerning the termination 
of any case of disease 

Proud flesh 525 

Proximate principle— a definite 
chemical compound existing 
in an organic body, and sepa- 
rable from it by analysis 

Prunes 181 

Prunelles 181 

Pruritis, (d) 525; ani 

Ptomaines (chemical com- 
pound, basic in character, 
formed by the action of bac- 
teria in the putrefaction of 
organic matter) 525 

Ptyalin — an albuminous prin- 
ciple in saliva 

Pubic bones — those at the 
lower part of the abdomen... 

Pudding, strawberry 228 

Puerperal — relating to child- 
birth 

Pulse and respirations per 
minute 346 

Pulmonary— belonging to the 
lungs 

Pulpation — reducing to a pulp. 

Pulsation — throbbing like the 
pulse 

Pumpkin 195, 200 

Puree 228 

Purulent— full of pus; having 
the nature of pus ; ophthal- 
mia 526 

Pustules— pimples filled with 
pus-like matter 

Putrescent — putrid or rotten 
state 

Putridity— a state of rottenness 

Pyaemia — a purulent condition 
of the blood, resulting in 

abscesses 

Pylorus— the lower aperture of 

the stomach 

Pyloric — appertaining to the 

pylorus 

Pyrosis (d) 526 

Py rolign eous— g enerated or 
procured by the distillation 
of wood 



INDEX. 



573 



Page. 

Quartian . . . < (d) 392 

Quinsy (inflammation of ton- 
sils), 501 ; malignant 526 

Quotidian (d) 392 

Rabies (hydrophobia) 492 

Raisins 195 

Rapid blood-making method . . .354 

Raspberries 166, 182 

Raspberry shortcake, 228; 

syrup 228 

Raw diets, No. 1 to No 7, inclu- 
sive 228 

Rectum (the lower bowel) 526 

Recuperation 56 

Recreation, Commodore Van- 

derbilt 27 

Reflex (d) 78 

Refrigerant (that which re- 
duces the heat of the blood 

or body) 177 

Reforms necessary, 110; in 

schools 28 

Regurgitate— to throw or pour 

back 

Relaxing method 359 

Relapsing and remittent fe- 
vers 478 

Remedy, how to select 347 

Ren n in— milk clotting ferment 

Rennet ferment — an infusion of 

the lining membrane of the 

stomach of the calf 

Rest, 54 ; cure 273 

Rest, how to take, 28; why 

needed : 27 

Respiration 59 

Respiration, 147; muscles used 
in, 29; average too low in 
books, 109; average correct- 
ed, 109 ; difficult, 526 ; function 
of, 61; of the people, defi- 
cient, 107; of students, defi- 
cient, 108; the fundamental 
point, 107; suspension of 

(asphyxia) 527 

Respiratory diseases, 526; quo- 
tient, the proportion of ex- 
pired volume" of carbonic 
acid to the inspired volume 

of oxygen 

Resorb— to swallow up 

Restorative jelly 229 

Retained enemas 290 

Retrogression— the act of going 

back ward 

Retroflexion and retrover- 
sion (d) 527 

Revulsive method 366 

Rheumatism, 527; acute arthri- 
tis, 528 ; sub-acute, 528 ; chronic 528 

Rhubarb 200 

Rice, 195; boiled, 229; bread, 
229; gruel, 229; jellv, 195; milk 

No. 1 and No. 2, 229; water 229 

Rickets (rachitis) 529 

Ridge's food 261 ! 



Page. 

Roach 176 

Rose's peptonized beef 261 

Rubeola 529 

Rumford soup No. 1 and No. 2.. 156 

Rusk 230 

Rupture (hernia) 491 

Rye-bread, 170 ; wafers 261 

Sabbath-rest a law of nature.. . 28 

Sago 195 

Salt 195 

Saliva— the fluid secreted by 

the glands of the mouth 

Saliva, effect in stomach 152 

Salivary digestion, 82; glands . 82 

Salmon 176 

Saline— impregnated with salt 
Saline and chalybeate tonic, 

recipe for 397 

Saprogenes — bacillus, the germ 

of caries and necrosis 

Saponification — conversion in- 
to soap 

Sarcinae ventriculi, the fungus 
of catarrh of the stomach. . . . 

Sardines 176 

Saturated— water or other liq- 
uids filled with as much of a 
soluble body, salt for in- 
stance, as it will dissolve 

Sauer kraut 168 

Sausage 196 

Saulisbury cure 269 

Scarlet fever, or scarlatina 529 

Scarification— m a k i n g small 

cuts 

Sciatica 530 

Scirrhus — a hard tumor affect- 
ing the glands, often ending 

in cancer 

Sclerotic — the outer covering 

of the eyeball 

Scrofula 530 

Scurvy (scorbutus) 531 

Sea-sickness, 531; weeds 196 

Secretions, 68, 69; solvent 86 

Secernents (d) 347 

Secernent method 363 

Segments — divisions 

Semi-fluid diet 373 

Senility (senile atrophy) 531 

Septic— tending to promote pu- 
trefaction 

Septicemia — blood poisoning. . 
Serum— the watery portion of 

the blood 

Serum-albumin— the albumin 

of the blood-serum 

Sero-purulent— serous fluid and 

pus 

Serous fluid, dilute albuminous 
solutions secreted by serous 

membranes 

Sewerage „ 15 

Se wer gas 4 

Shelter 310, 314 

Sherry, effects on digestion 113 



574 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page. 

Shock 531 

Shoulder sprinkle 334 

Sick headache, 486; nervous... 531 
Sick room, the, 339; bed, bed- 
ding and clothing, 340; the 

water supply 340 

Sight 73 

Silica, decarbonized white peb- 
ble; flint, silicea 

Silicon— the chief constituent 

of silica.. 

Simple pudding 553 

Simple syrup — a solution of 5 
lbs of sugar in 2 pints of wa- 
ter with heat, cool and water 

enough to weigh 7% lbs 

Sink spout, a source of death.. 17 
Sirocco — an oppressive relax- 
ing wind from the Libyan 
deserts, chiefly experienced 

in Italy, Malta and Sicily 

Sitz bath 327 

Skin ointments and lotions, 41 ; 

diseases 532 

Sleep, imperative, 25-26; habit 
of semi-sleep, 28; why recu- 
perative 54, 56 

Sleeplessness 532 

Sloughing— peeling or falling 

off of dead flesh. 

Smell 73 

Smothering by gas 532 

Smoked beef broth 230 

Snow-drift sauce 553 

Soil 310, 313 

Solid diet ... 373 

Soluble— capable of being dis- 
solved in fluid 

Sordes— matter cast out of 

ulcers, or that collects on the 

teeth during some fevers... .. 

Sore throat (inflammation of 

larynx) 497 

Sores, old, sloughing, (ulcers, 

old) 538 

Sour stomach (dyspepsia). . .. . . 458 

Soup, 196; cheap, 157; without 

flesh 153 

Spasms (cramps) 445 

Spasm of bladder 532 

Special note, 386; treatments .. 263 
Sphincter— applied to muscles 
that surround natural open- 
ings, and close by contrac- 
tion 

Spices 197 

Spinach 200 

Spinal cord, 77; curvature, 532 ; 

irritation, 532 ; pack 327 

Spirometer— an instrument for 
ascertaining the amount of 
air breathed into or from the 

lungs at one time 

Splenitis '. . . . 533 

Spores — small round or ovoid 
bodies formed in certain or- 



Page. 
ganisms by germination giv- 
ing rise to a new organism. . . 
Sporulat io n— evolving from 

spores 

Sponge, The 335 

Sprains 533 

Sprinkle, The (shower), 334; 

knee, 335; loin, 335; shoulder 334 
Starch— irregular granules of 
white substance insoluble in 
cold water, but yields to heat 

Starch 197 

Starch foods 23$ 

Sterility— state of being barren 
Stertorous— breathing heavily. 

Sterilization (d) 249 

Stiff joints 533 

Stimulating method 358 

Stomach, 62; digestion, 83; 

strength of 149 

Stomal itis (cancrum oris) 533 

Stone-bruise 533 

St rangury 533 

Strawberries, 166 ; and whipped 

cream, 230 ; pudding 228 

Streets, necessary width of . . . 8 
Streptococcus— a long or short 
chain of micrococci more or 

less curved 

Stricture of oesophagus (gullet) 533 
St lidulous— creaking, croupy.. 
Strumous scrofulous infants. .. 533 

Stunning 534 

St. Vitus dance (chorea) 432 

Styes (hordeola) 534 

Subcutaneous — located be- 
neath the skin 

Sub-nutrition 78 

Sub-oxidation 78, 534 

Submaxillary — applied to a 
gland under the lower jaw. . . 
Sudoriferous— producing sweat 
Sugar (vegetable substance 
containing carbon with oxy- 
gen and hydrogen in the 
same proportion that these 

form water) 197 

Sulphureted hydrogen 4 

Sunlight, 8 ; needed for growth 9 

Sunshine 310, 313 

Su n-baths 8, 9 

Suppuration— formation of 

matter 

Supra-renal — above the kid- 

nevs 

Swallowing difficult 449, 533 

Swellings, cold 535 

Swim, The 336 

Syncope— fainting 

Syntonine— the acid albumen 
into which myosin is convert- 
ed by dilute acids 

Synthetic— the opposite of an- 
alytic. Synthesis builds out 
of elements ; analysis reduces 
to elements .« 



INDEX. 



575 



Page. 

Syrup, 197 ; maple 198 

Tallow 198 

Tamarinds 182 

Tamarind water 230 

Tannin — an astringent princi- 
ple ot certain plants; obtain- 
ed in its purity from galls — 

Tapioca, 198 ; jelly 230 

Tartar, salivary calculus 535 

Tartaric acid 160 

Taste . 73 

Tearfulness 535 

Tea, 112, 113, 198 ; our 230 

Temperature, 308, 313; of sitting 

room. 10 ; to equalize 7 

Tenesmus (<7) 535 

Tendons 53 

Tertian (d) 392 

Tetanus 535 

Therapeutics — the science of 
the curative powers of med- 
icines and their uses in treat- 
ing diseases 

Thermal unit, see heat unit 

Thorax— chest 

Thoracic — relating to the tho- 
rax 

Throat, sore (laryngitis) 497 

Tissue, any part of the sub- 
stance of "the organism made 
up of aggregations of similar 
cells and cell-products into a 

definite fiber 

Thrombosis 535 

Thrush, sprue 535 

Tibia — shin-bone, or largest 

bone of the leg 

Tic douloureux (neuralgia fa- 
cial) 512 

Toast, our, 230; water No. 1 and 

No. 2 231 

Tobacco amaurosis, 535; heart. 535 
Tocsin— an alarm bell, or the 
ringing of a bell for the pur- 
pose of alarm 

Toe-nails, ingrowing 475 

Tomatoes, 199 ; soup 231 

Tonic method 355 

Tongue, inflammation 'of , 536; 

ulcers of 536 

Tonsilitis (inflammation of ton- 
sils) 501 

Tonsils, enlarged 536 

Toothache 536 

Touch 73 

Toxic — poisonous 

Tractor cure 306 

Trachea 59 

Transudation— passing of flu- 
ids through a membrane or 

texture 

Traumatism— state of injury 
produced by causes external 

to the body 

Tread, The 335 

Triturate— rubbing together in 



Page. 

a mortar 

Trout 176 

Trypsin — the ferment which 
constitutes the active princi- 
ple of the pancreatic fluid.. . . 
Tu bercles— small aggregations 

of morbid matter 537 

Tubercular — belonging to tu- 
bercles ; cystitis 537 

Tubercular meningitis, 538; 
mesent erica, marasmus, 538; 

nasal. 538; peritonitis 538 

Tuberculosis of hip joint, 537; 
knee, 537; prostate', 538; rec- 
tum, 538; stomach and bow- 
els 538 

Tuberculosis in children . . 537 

Tumors 538 

Turkey 199 

Turbot 176 

Turnips 199 

Tympanitic — a flatulent dis- 
tension of the abdomen 

Typhoid fever 479 

Ulcers, 538; old and sloughing, 
538; anus, 538; bowels, 538; 
bones, 538; containing proud 
flesh, 539; eye, 538; glands, 
538; gangrenous, 538; inflam- 
ed, irritable, 538; indolent, 
539; larynx, 539; nose, 539; 
rectum, 539; stomach, 539; 

tibia, 539 ; varicose 539 

Umbilicus— pertaining to the 

navel 

Un fermented bread 231 

Unleavened wafers 231 

Units— any known quantity by 
the repetition of which any 
other quantity of the same 

kind is measured 

Universal food 261 

Uraemia 539 

Ursemic— relating to uraemia.. . 
Urethra — the tube that carries 
the urine from the bladder; 
neuralgia of, 539; stricture of 539 
Urea— an important constitu- 
ent of urine, by the forma- 
tion of which the nitrogen of 
food is eliminated from the 

body 

Uric acid (d) 540 

Urine, constituents of, 71; con- 
tinence of, 540; incontinence 
of, 540; retention of, 540; sup- 
pression of 540 

Urination, painful 541 

Urin if erous— pertaining to the 

urine 

U. S. army ration tested by 

" ideal diet" 145 

Useful things learned by per- 
sonal sickness 343 

Uterus— the womb ; displace- 
ment of 541 



576 



THE SECRET OF HEALTH. 



Page. 
Uterine— b e 1 o n g i n g to the 

uterus 

Uvula— elongation (palate) 517 

Vacations 28 

Vaccination 542 

Vapor, alcohol, 333; bed, 333; 
clear and medicated, 332; 

foot, 332 ; stool 333 

Varicel la (chicken pox) 428 

Varicose veins 542 

Variola (small pox) 478 

Vagina— the passage from the 

vulva to the uterus 

Vaginal— belonging to the va- 
gina 

Vaginitis— inflammation of the 

vagina 

Vaso-motor— pertaining to the 
muscular coats of the blood- 
vessels 

Veal 199 

Vegetative process 54 

Vegetables 199 

Veins 59 

Ventilation, 2; best method, 7; 
fireplace, 3; how to secure in 
bedroom, 27; necessity for— 

deathrate 4 

Ventilating orifices 5 

Venison 184, 200 

Vermifuge— a medicine to de- 
stroy worms 

Vertebra— one of the bones of 

the spine 

Vertigo— dizziness 

Vesicle — a small bladder or 

blister in the skin 

Vinegar, 200; distilled 200 

Viscera— the internal organs of 

the body 

Viscid— glutinous; sticky; not 

readily separating — 

Vital force— the a n i m a ting 
power in plants and animals 
that controls chemical affini- 
ties to the production of 

organic structures 

Vitiated— depraved ; rendered 

impure 

Voice, loss of (aphonia) 402 



Page. 

Vomiting 542 

Vulva— the external female 

genital organs 

Wagner's infant food 261 

Walnuts 192 

Warts 542 

Water on the brain (tubercular 

meningitis) 538 

Water, average need of, 11; 
dressing— cool compress of 
water; hard, 200; health pre- 
server and restorer. 10; purity 
of, 11; poisoned l>v lead, 12; 
qualities of, 310; supply, 310: 
solvent properties. 321; tread 335 

Waxy liver 506 

Weeping eye 543 

Wells often but drain pipes 14 

Wellesley female college . .108, 110 
Wheat, 170; gluten, 261; prepa- 
rations 261 

Whey 201 

Wheal— an elongated elevation 
of the skin, like that caused 

by a stroke from arod 

White swelling (tuberculosis 

of knee joint) 537 

Whitlow ("felon) 475 

Whisky drink 231 

White sauce 228 

Whole wheat crisps 553 

Whortleberries 165 

Whooping cough (pertussis) 543 

Wines, 201; sweet 201 

Wine whey 231 

Womb, diseases of. See ante- 
version, anteflexion, prolap- 
sus uteri 

Worms, common, 543; pin or 

thread, 543; tape 544 

Work clone by the human ma- 
chine . . 94—97 
Wraps, 327; body, 329; shawi. . 329 

Wrinkles 544 

Writer's cramp 544 

Wry neck (torticollis— caput 

obstipum) 544 

Yeast fungi 544 

Yellow fever 545 

Zwieback No. 1, 2 and 3 262 



Errata. Page 278, fourth line from bottom, read warm instead of 
"cold." 

Page 287, ninth to fourteenth lines mistakenly copied from a med- 
ical journal. They do not apply to the Hall system. 



7— " 





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